# Omega Steel Co. — full text Steel supplier & exporter, Istanbul. Roll-forming lines for trapezoidal, corrugated and tile-profile sheet and sandwich panels; tube mill for galvanized pipe and hollow sections; laser, plasma and cut-to-length lines; perforated sheet punched to order — all in our Dilovası plant. Prices: indicative USD list, September 2026, excluding freight. ## Hot Rolled Steel Coil & Sheet URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/hr-coil-sheet/ The base material of fabrication: hot-rolled coil and sheet in S235JR, S275JR and S355JR/J2, 1.5 to 20 mm, 1 000–2 000 mm wide, as black (mill-scale) or pickled-and-oiled (HRPO) surface. Cut to length, slit, laser- or plasma-cut on our own lines in Dilovası; coils 5–25 t; sheets to 6 m; exported by container with EN 10204 3.1. ### What is hot-rolled steel? Hot-rolled steel is rolled above its recrystallisation temperature (about 900 °C) into strip 1.5–25 mm thick and coiled; it carries a dark mill scale, is cheaper than cold-rolled and is the material for anything welded and painted — frames, tanks, trailers, machinery, structural profiles, pipe and hollow sections. Pickling in hydrochloric acid removes the scale and a light oil prevents rust: that is HRPO (pickled and oiled), used where the surface will be painted, galvanized, pressed or laser-cut without descaling. Hot vs cold rolled is a question of surface and tolerance, not strength: for tolerances under ±0.10 mm, bright surface or thicknesses below 1.5 mm, see cold-rolled DC01–DC04. ### Surface and grade pages The same hot-rolled coil is sold black or pickled and oiled (HRPO), and in structural or forming grades. Structural: S235JR (ST37), S275JR, S355JR. Forming (EN 10111): DD11 (bending, stock), DD12, DD13 (deep drawing, stock), DD14. High-strength forming: S355MC to S700MC. ### HR black vs HRPO vs cold-rolled | | HR black (mill scale) | HRPO (pickled & oiled) | Cold-rolled DC01 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Surface | Blue-black scale | Grey-metallic, light oil | Bright, smooth | | Thickness | 1.5–25 mm | 1.5–6 mm | 0.4–3 mm | | Tolerance (2 mm) | ±0.17 mm | ±0.17 mm | ±0.08 mm | | Before painting / galvanizing | Blast or pickle on site | Ready | Ready | | Laser cutting | Scale spatter, lower quality | Clean cut | Clean cut | | Price index | 1.00 | 1.04–1.08 | 1.12–1.20 | | Typical use | Structures, plate parts, heavy fabrication | Trailers, tanks, profiles, tube mills, pressing | Appliances, furniture, panels | ### Grades and equivalents S235JR is the export standard for sheet and light plate; S355J2 for anything designed to EN 1993 at 355 MPa or needing −20 °C impact. Chemistry and full mechanical tables per thickness are on our reference site (links below); old St37/St52 names are cross-referenced there. | EN | Yield (MPa) | Old DIN | ASTM | JIS | GOST | Use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | S235JR | 235 | St37-2 | A36 / A1011 SS33 | SS400 / SPHC | St3sp | General structural, most stock | | S275JR | 275 | St44-2 | A1011 SS40 | SS400 | St4sp | Frames, sections | | S355JR / J2 | 355 | St52-3 | A572 Gr. 50 / A1011 SS50 | SM490 | 17G1S | Higher-strength structures, cranes, trailers | | DD11 | 170–340 | StW22 | A1011 DS Type B | SPHD | 08kp | Forming, pressing, deep drawing | | DD13 | 170–310 | StW24 | A1011 DDS | SPHE | 08Yu | Deep drawing | ### Thickness, width and weight table | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 250 × 2 500 sheet (kg) | 1 500 × 3 000 sheet (kg) | 1 500 × 6 000 sheet (kg) | Form | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1.5 mm | 11.8 | 36.8 | 53.0 | 106 | Coil, HRPO | | 2.0 mm | 15.7 | 49.1 | 70.7 | 141 | Coil, HRPO | | 2.5 mm | 19.6 | 61.3 | 88.3 | 177 | Coil, HRPO | | 3.0 mm | 23.6 | 73.6 | 106 | 212 | Coil / sheet | | 4.0 mm | 31.4 | 98.1 | 141 | 283 | Coil / sheet | | 5.0 mm | 39.3 | 123 | 177 | 353 | Coil / sheet | | 6.0 mm | 47.1 | 147 | 212 | 424 | Sheet / plate | | 8.0 mm | 62.8 | 196 | 283 | 565 | Plate | | 10 mm | 78.5 | 245 | 353 | 707 | Plate | | 12 mm | 94.2 | 294 | 424 | 848 | Plate | | 15 mm | 118 | 368 | 530 | 1 060 | Plate | | 20 mm | 157 | 491 | 707 | 1 413 | Plate | _Widths 1 000, 1 250, 1 500, 2 000 mm; sheet lengths 2 000–6 000 mm cut to order; coils 5–25 t, ID 762 mm._ ### Tolerances (EN 10051) | Nominal thickness | Width ≤ 1 200 | 1 200–1 500 | 1 500–1 800 | > 1 800 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1.5–2.0 mm | ±0.15 | ±0.17 | ±0.19 | — | | 2.0–2.5 mm | ±0.17 | ±0.19 | ±0.21 | ±0.23 | | 2.5–3.0 mm | ±0.17 | ±0.19 | ±0.21 | ±0.23 | | 3.0–4.0 mm | ±0.18 | ±0.20 | ±0.22 | ±0.24 | | 4.0–5.0 mm | ±0.20 | ±0.22 | ±0.24 | ±0.26 | | 5.0–6.0 mm | ±0.21 | ±0.23 | ±0.25 | ±0.27 | | 6.0–8.0 mm | ±0.23 | ±0.25 | ±0.27 | ±0.29 | | 8.0–10 mm | ±0.25 | ±0.27 | ±0.29 | ±0.31 | | 10–12.5 mm | ±0.27 | ±0.29 | ±0.31 | ±0.33 | _Special class (S) at ~70% of these values on request; plate over 12 mm per EN 10029._ ### Processing: cut-to-length, slitting, laser and plasma Coils are cut to length with levelling on our CTL lines (0.4–12 mm, up to 6 m), slit to strip for tube mills and roll-formers (20–600 mm, coils to 25 t), and sheets are laser-cut (to 25 mm) or plasma-cut (to 80 mm) to DXF. Parts, blanks and coils travel in the same container; processing is priced per metre or per ton on the offer. See cutting and slitting. ### Applications For plate over 20 mm see the heavy plate page; for cold-forming grades S355MC–S700MC the HSLA page; for pressure and boiler grades P265GH the pressure vessel plate page. - Steel-building fabrication: base plates, gussets, cleats, purlin brackets - Tube mills and roll-formers (HRPO strip 1.5–6 mm) - Trailers, truck bodies, agricultural machinery (S355MC for cold-forming — see HSLA page) - Tanks, silos, ducts, bins (plate rolling on site) - Checkered plate substrate, perforated sheet, laser-cut parts - General workshop stock in 1 250 × 2 500 and 1 500 × 3 000 sheets ### Hot-rolled steel price per ton Indicative FOB Istanbul bands from our weekly export list, S235JR, full-container quantities; HRPO carries a 4–8% premium over black, S355J2 4–8% over S235JR, and cut sheets 2–4% over coil. - HRPO pickled & oiled · 1.35–3.0 mm: USD 660–805 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - HR black · 1.5–20 mm: USD 655–790 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Coils eye-to-sky on cradles (3 × 7–8 t per 20'), sheets in packs of 2–5 t on skids, VCI paper for HRPO on voyages over 14 days. HS code 7208 (hot-rolled flat, ≥600 mm wide): 7208.37/.38/.39 coil by thickness, 7208.51–.54 plate, 7208.25–.27 pickled. - Moq: 1 × 20' (3 coils ≈ 21 t) or 1 truck (22–24 t); mixed thicknesses allowed - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau / Almaty - Lead: Stock 5–10 working days; mill order 3–5 weeks - Packing: Coils eye-to-sky on cradles, strapped; sheets 2–5 t packs on skids, VCI for HRPO - Container: 20' ≈ 21 t · 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t · truck 22–24 t - Docs: Invoice, packing list per coil/pack, EN 10204 3.1, CE, certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / COC / EAC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight via London office ### Certificates EN 10204 3.1 per heat (chemistry, yield, tensile, elongation; impact for J0/J2), CE marking per EN 10025, certificate of origin; SASO, SONCAP, COC, EAC on request; 3.2 with third-party inspector for plate on request. ### How to order Send grade, thickness × width (× length for sheet), surface (black / HRPO), quantity in tons, processing if any, and port. Reply within one working day with price, coil or pack list, gross weight and containers; stock items load in 5–10 working days. ### FAQ **What is the difference between hot-rolled and cold-rolled steel?** Hot-rolled is rolled at ~900 °C: scaled surface, ±0.15–0.3 mm tolerance, 1.5 mm and thicker, cheapest, for welded and painted fabrication. Cold-rolled is re-rolled at room temperature: bright surface, ±0.05–0.1 mm, 0.4–3 mm, 12–20% dearer, for appliances, furniture and visible parts. Strength depends on grade, not on the process. **What is HRPO?** Hot-rolled pickled and oiled: the mill scale is removed in an acid bath and the strip is oiled. It is ready for painting, galvanizing, pressing and laser cutting and is the standard feed for tube mills and roll-formers. **What is the price of hot-rolled steel per ton?** See the indicative FOB Istanbul bands above for S235JR black and HRPO; S355J2 adds 4–8%, cut sheets 2–4%, and freight to the Gulf adds roughly 40–60 USD/t. Firm price within one working day. **What grades of hot-rolled steel do you stock?** S235JR (most sizes), S275JR, S355JR/J2 in common thicknesses, DD11 for forming; ASTM A36 and A1011 equivalents are certified on the same heats where the chemistry allows. Special grades (S355MC, P265GH, wear-resistant) are on their own pages. **What sizes are available?** 1.5–20 mm from stock (1.35–25 mm to order), widths 1 000, 1 250, 1 500 and 2 000 mm, coils 5–25 t, sheets 2 000–6 000 mm long. Thicker plate to 200 mm is on the heavy plate page. **How much does a 2 mm hot-rolled sheet weigh?** 15.7 kg/m²: a 1 250 × 2 500 mm sheet weighs 49 kg, a 1 500 × 3 000 mm sheet 71 kg. About 20 sheets of 1 250 × 2 500 make a ton. **Can you cut hot-rolled sheet to size?** Yes — cut-to-length with levelling up to 6 m, slitting to 20–600 mm strip, laser cutting to 25 mm and plasma to 80 mm to your DXF, on our own lines in Dilovası; parts ship with the coil order. **Is S235JR the same as ST37 and A36?** S235JR replaced DIN St37-2; ASTM A36 has a slightly higher yield (250 MPa) and is usually dual-certifiable. Composition and mechanical comparisons are on our reference site steelstandart.com. ## HRPO Steel — Pickled and Oiled URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/hrpo-pickled-oiled-steel/ Asitli sac, HRP, pickled-and-oiled: the hot-rolled sheet that arrives ready to work. No scale to flake off in the press, no blasting before paint, a surface a tube mill or a roll-former can run at full speed. Between 1.5 and 4 mm it replaces cold-rolled sheet in most industrial parts at a lower price per ton, and it is the second-largest flat-product stock in our Dilovası hall. ### What is HRPO pickled and oiled steel? HRPO — hot-rolled, pickled and oiled — is a surface condition, not a steel grade. Hot-rolled coil leaves the mill covered with a blue-black oxide scale; the coil is uncoiled through a hydrochloric-acid pickling line that dissolves the scale, rinsed, dried, given a thin rust-preventive oil film and recoiled. What comes out is the same S235JR or DD11 steel with a uniform grey-metallic surface, ready for forming or painting. Three things follow. The scale that would crack off in a press brake or a roll-former, damaging tools and the part, is gone. Paint and powder adhere after simple degreasing — no shot-blasting. And the thickness tolerance is unchanged from hot-rolled (EN 10051), so HRPO is not a substitute for cold-rolled where gauge precision matters, but between 1.5 and 6 mm it is the economical clean sheet: cheaper than cold-rolled, cleaner than black. Tube mills run HRPO strip almost exclusively; so do roll-formers making C/Z profiles, trailer and body builders pressing brackets and cross-members, and enclosure makers in the thicker gauges. The substrate grade is chosen by use: S235JR (ST37) for general fabrication and tubes, DD11 for bending and forming, DD13/DD14 for drawing, and S355MC–S700MC for high-strength parts. All are available pickled from Turkish mills and stocked in the common gauges at Dilovası. ### Chemical composition | Element | S235JR: C | S235JR: Mn | S235JR: P / S | DD11: C | DD11: Mn | DD11: P / S | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | 0.17 | 1.40 | 0.035 / 0.035 | 0.12 | 0.60 | 0.045 / 0.045 | _Pickling does not change the chemistry; the certificate carries the substrate grade with the note "pickled and oiled"._ ### Mechanical properties of the substrates | Substrate | Yield (MPa) | Tensile (MPa) | Elongation | Use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | S235JR (ST37) | ≥ 235 | 360–510 | ≥ 26 % (A5) / 19 % (A80) | general, tubes, welded parts | | DD11 | 170–340 | ≤ 440 | ≥ 28 % (A80) | bending, roll-forming | | DD12 | 170–320 | ≤ 420 | ≥ 30 % | drawing | | DD13 | 170–310 | ≤ 400 | ≥ 33 % | deep drawing | | DD14 | 170–290 | ≤ 380 | ≥ 36 % | extra-deep drawing | | S355MC | ≥ 355 | 430–550 | ≥ 19 % | high-strength forming | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | Trade | HRPO / P&O / HRP / asitli sac | same condition | | ASTM | A1011 HRPO (CS / DS / SS grades) | US designation | | JIS | SPHC-P / SPHD-P | pickled hot-rolled | | EN | S235JR+P&O, DD11+P&O | certificate wording | | Cold-rolled | DC01 | cleaner, tighter gauge, thinner, dearer | ### Pickling, oiling and surface | Condition | Process | Surface | Best for | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Black (HR, as-rolled) | none — mill scale left on | blue-black oxide, 10–40 µm, flakes when bent | welded structures, plate to be blasted, hidden parts | | HRPO (pickled & oiled) | HCl pickling of coil, rinse, light oil | uniform grey-metallic, scale-free, Ra ≈ 1–3 µm | forming, painting, roll-forming, tube making, visible parts | | HRP / HRPO skin-passed | pickling + temper pass | flatter, tighter gauge, no Lüders lines | pressing, blanking, precision parts | | Dry (pickled, unoiled) | pickling, no oil | bare, rusts within days | immediate galvanizing or welding only | _Turkish trade names: siyah sac = black hot-rolled, HRP / asitli sac = pickled & oiled. The steel grade (S235JR, DD11 …) is the same under both surfaces; only the finish differs._ ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 1.35–2.0 mm | coil 1 000 / 1 250 / 1 500 mm; sheet to 3 000; slit strips | stock S235JR, DD11 | | 2.5–4.0 mm | coil 1 250 / 1 500 mm; sheet 2 500 / 3 000 / 6 000 | stock S235JR | | 5.0–6.0 mm | coil 1 500 mm; sheet 1 500 × 6 000 | stock, limited | | 8–12 mm pickled | coil / sheet | to order 2–3 weeks | | MC grades pickled | coil 1 250 / 1 500 mm | to order 2–3 weeks | ### Weight per m² and per sheet | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 000 × 2 000 (kg) | 1 250 × 2 500 (kg) | 1 500 × 3 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1.35 mm | 10.60 | 21.2 | 33.1 | 47.7 | | 1.5 mm | 11.78 | 23.6 | 36.8 | 53.0 | | 1.8 mm | 14.13 | 28.3 | 44.2 | 63.6 | | 2 mm | 15.70 | 31.4 | 49.1 | 70.7 | | 2.5 mm | 19.63 | 39.3 | 61.3 | 88.3 | | 3 mm | 23.55 | 47.1 | 73.6 | 106.0 | | 4 mm | 31.40 | 62.8 | 98.1 | 141.3 | | 5 mm | 39.25 | 78.5 | 122.7 | 176.6 | | 6 mm | 47.10 | 94.2 | 147.2 | 212.0 | _Uncoated; tolerances to EN 10051 (e.g. ±0.17 mm at 2.0 mm, 1 250 wide). Oil film ≈ 1 g/m² per side, not weighed._ ### Forming, welding and painting Bends at 1 × t (S235JR) or 0.5 × t (DD11) without scale cracking; roll-forms and tube-welds cleanly — the clean edge is why ERW mills insist on pickled strip. Punching and laser cutting are cleaner than on black sheet (no scale spatter). Welds like the substrate grade; wipe the oil near the joint. Painting: alkaline degrease, then primer or powder — no blasting needed; phosphating for e-coat. The oil film protects for 3–6 months indoors; store dry and use in rotation. ### Where it is used - ERW tube and hollow-section strip (slit to width) - C, Z, sigma and omega roll-formed profiles - Trailer, truck-body and agricultural pressings - Enclosures, cabinets and machine covers in 1.5–4 mm - Laser-cut and punched parts for painting - Wheel rims, drums and formed automotive parts (DD grades) ### HRPO vs black hot-rolled vs cold-rolled Black (HR) is cheapest and fine for welded structures and anything blasted before paint — see hot-rolled coil and sheet. HRPO adds 15–25 USD/t for pickling and gives a clean, formable, paintable surface in 1.35–6 mm. Cold-rolled (DC01) is thinner (0.4–3 mm), flatter, with a finer surface and tighter gauge, at 60–100 USD/t more. Rule: hidden and welded → black; formed or painted, 1.5–6 mm → HRPO; thin, precise or visible → cold-rolled. ### Price HRPO is priced at the hot-rolled coil list plus the pickling charge; the bands below are the month's indicative FOB Istanbul ranges for the thin and thick stock. DD grades add 10–30 USD/t by level; slitting and cut-to-length per ton. - HRPO S235JR · 1.35–3.0 mm: USD 660–805 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - HRPO S235JR / DD11 · 4.0–6.0 mm: USD 655–800 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing HRPO pickled and oiled steel ships as coil — eye-to-sky on a wooden cradle, 5–25 t per coil, VCI paper and steel strapping — or as cut sheet on skids of 2–3 t with paper interleaving and edge protectors. A 20' takes one coil up to 20 t; a 40' HC two coils or 24 t of sheet. HS 7210 / 7209 / 7208 by product. - Moq: One coil (10–25 t) or 5 t of sheet - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock 1.35–6.0 mm: 3–5 working days; slit strip and cut blanks 5–8 days - Packing: Coil eye-to-sky, VCI paper; sheet on skids ≤ 3 t, interleaved; slit coils on pallets - Container: 20' one coil ≤ 20 t; 40' HC two coils or 24 t sheet - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing Every lot of HRPO pickled and oiled steel carries an EN 10204 3.1 inspection certificate listing heat, chemistry, mechanical and impact results. On request we add 3.2 witnessing by a classification society or inspector, EN 10160 ultrasonic testing and supplementary impact tests at the customer's design temperature. ### How to order Specify substrate grade (S235JR / DD11 / DD13 …), thickness × width (or slit widths / sheet length), oiling (standard light oil, heavy oil for long storage, dry for immediate galvanizing), coil weight limit and tonnage. ### FAQ **What is HRPO steel?** Hot-Rolled Pickled and Oiled — hot-rolled sheet or coil whose mill scale has been removed by acid pickling and which is lightly oiled against rust; a surface condition available on S235JR, DD11–DD14 and MC grades. **What is the difference between HRPO and HRC?** HRC (hot-rolled coil, black) still carries its mill scale; HRPO has been pickled clean and oiled. Same steel and tolerances; HRPO costs 15–25 USD/t more and is used for forming, tubes and painting. **What is the difference between HRPO and cold-rolled?** Cold-rolled (DC01) is rolled again after pickling to a thinner gauge with a smoother surface and tighter tolerance; HRPO keeps hot-rolled gauge and tolerances. HRPO covers 1.35–6 mm, cold-rolled 0.4–3 mm. **What is asitli sac / HRP sac?** The Turkish names for pickled-and-oiled hot-rolled sheet — the same product as HRPO. **Can HRPO be painted without blasting?** Yes — after alkaline degreasing it takes primer, powder or e-coat directly; that is its main advantage over black sheet. **What HRPO thicknesses are in stock?** 1.35–6.0 mm in 1 000–1 500 mm widths as coil, sheet and slit strip at Dilovası; thicker and MC grades pickled to order. ## DD11 Steel URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/dd11-forming-steel/ DD11 is what you order when the part is bent rather than bolted: a 90° flange on a 4 mm bracket, a rolled tube, a swaged trailer cross-member. It costs the same as S235JR, forms better, and its certificate promises a yield window instead of a minimum — which is exactly what a press-shop wants to know. ### What is DD11 forming steel? EN 10111 covers continuously hot-rolled low-carbon sheet and strip for cold forming, in four levels: DD11 (bending), DD12 (drawing), DD13 (deep drawing) and DD14 (extra-deep drawing). DD11 is the workhorse — D for cold-forming flat products, D for hot-rolled, 11 for the base level. The standard sets a yield *window* (170–340 MPa, 360 max below 2 mm), a tensile ceiling (440 MPa) and 28 % elongation, with carbon limited to 0.12 % and manganese to 0.60 %; that window is what distinguishes it from S235JR, whose yield has a floor but no ceiling and which may therefore arrive hard. DD11 is soft and consistent: it bends at 0.5 × t, flanges, swages, roll-forms and forms tubes without cracking, and it cold-works predictably in a progressive die. It is not a structural grade — EN 1993 does not list it — but most formed parts are not designed by yield anyway. Turkish mills roll it in 1.5–12 mm and supply it black or pickled and oiled (HRPO); we stock the pickled 1.5–4 mm for press shops and roll-formers and the black 4–6 mm for heavy brackets. Old names: StW 22 (DIN 1614), St 33 / A1011 CS in other systems. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Mn | P | S | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | 0.12 | 0.60 | 0.045 | 0.045 | _Typical heat: C 0.04–0.07, Mn 0.25–0.40, Si ≤ 0.03._ ### Mechanical properties and formability | Property | Requirement | Typical value | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Yield strength ReH | 170–340 MPa (≤ 360 below 2 mm) | 220–290 MPa | window, not a minimum | | Tensile strength Rm | ≤ 440 MPa | 340–400 MPa | | | Elongation A80 | ≥ 28 % (≥ 2 mm: A5 ≥ 24 %) | 30–36 % | | | Bend radius (180°) | 0.5 × t transverse | passes | | | Hardness | — | 60–70 HRB | | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | DIN 1614-1 (old) | StW 22 | historic German | | EN 10111 (1998) | DD11 | previous edition | | JIS G3131 | SPHC | | | ASTM A1011 | CS Type B | | | GB/T 3273 / 5213 | Q195 / SPHC | | ### Pickling, oiling and surface | Condition | Process | Surface | Best for | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Black (HR, as-rolled) | none — mill scale left on | blue-black oxide, 10–40 µm, flakes when bent | welded structures, plate to be blasted, hidden parts | | HRPO (pickled & oiled) | HCl pickling of coil, rinse, light oil | uniform grey-metallic, scale-free, Ra ≈ 1–3 µm | forming, painting, roll-forming, tube making, visible parts | | HRP / HRPO skin-passed | pickling + temper pass | flatter, tighter gauge, no Lüders lines | pressing, blanking, precision parts | | Dry (pickled, unoiled) | pickling, no oil | bare, rusts within days | immediate galvanizing or welding only | _Turkish trade names: siyah sac = black hot-rolled, HRP / asitli sac = pickled & oiled. The steel grade (S235JR, DD11 …) is the same under both surfaces; only the finish differs._ ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 1.5–2.0 mm | coil 1 000 / 1 250 / 1 500 mm; slit strips | stock HRPO | | 2.5–4.0 mm | coil 1 250 / 1 500 mm; sheet 2 500 / 3 000 | stock HRPO and black | | 5.0–6.0 mm | coil 1 500 mm; sheet 1 500 × 6 000 | stock black | | 8–12 mm | coil / sheet | to order 2–3 weeks | ### Weight per m² and per sheet | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 000 × 2 000 (kg) | 1 250 × 2 500 (kg) | 1 500 × 3 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1.5 mm | 11.78 | 23.6 | 36.8 | 53.0 | | 2 mm | 15.70 | 31.4 | 49.1 | 70.7 | | 2.5 mm | 19.63 | 39.3 | 61.3 | 88.3 | | 3 mm | 23.55 | 47.1 | 73.6 | 106.0 | | 4 mm | 31.40 | 62.8 | 98.1 | 141.3 | | 5 mm | 39.25 | 78.5 | 122.7 | 176.6 | | 6 mm | 47.10 | 94.2 | 147.2 | 212.0 | | 8 mm | 62.80 | 125.6 | 196.3 | 282.6 | | 10 mm | 78.50 | 157.0 | 245.3 | 353.3 | | 12 mm | 94.20 | 188.4 | 294.4 | 423.9 | _Uncoated; tolerances to EN 10051._ ### Forming, welding and painting Bends at 0.5 × t in any direction; flanges, hems and swages without cracking; roll-forms and tube-welds like S235JR but with less spring-back variation from coil to coil. Punching clearance 6–8 %. Welds without preheat with any process; the low carbon gives soft, ductile welds. Painting after degreasing (HRPO) or blasting (black). Not for structural design to Eurocode — order S235JR where a minimum yield is needed. ### Where it is used - Pressed brackets, flanges and cross-members for trailers and bodies - Roll-formed profiles and welded tubes - Agricultural machinery covers and formed parts - Wheel rims and drums (with DD12/DD13 for deeper draws) - Enclosure and cabinet parts in 2–4 mm - General cold-formed sheet-metal work ### DD11 vs S235JR Same price, same chemistry class, different guarantee. S235JR guarantees strength (yield ≥ 235 MPa, impact 27 J) for structures; DD11 guarantees formability (yield capped at 340 MPa, 28 % elongation, 0.5 × t bend). A hard S235JR heat can crack in a tight bend; a soft DD11 heat cannot be used in a Eurocode calculation. Order by what the part does. For deeper forming move to DD12 or DD13; for strength with formability, S355MC. ### Price DD11 is priced on the hot-rolled coil list — black at the S235JR base, HRPO plus the pickling charge. The bands below are the month's indicative FOB Istanbul ranges for thin (mostly HRPO) and thick (mostly black) stock. - DD11 · 1.5–3.0 mm (black / HRPO): USD 660–805 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - DD11 · 4–12 mm: USD 655–790 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing We load DD11 forming steel as slit or master coils on cradles (VCI paper, strapped, 5–25 t) or as cut-to-length sheet on skids (≤ 3 t, interleaved, edge boards); a 20' container carries one coil to 20 t, a 40' HC two coils or 24 t of sheet. HS 7210 / 7209 / 7208. - Moq: One coil (10–25 t) or 5 t of sheet - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock 1.5–6 mm: 3–5 working days; 8–12 mm to order 2–3 weeks - Packing: Coil eye-to-sky, VCI paper (HRPO); sheet on skids ≤ 3 t - Container: 20' one coil ≤ 20 t; 40' HC two coils or 24 t sheet - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing DD11 forming steel ships with EN 10204 3.1 certificates cross-referenced to the stencilled heat numbers. Where the project requires it we arrange 3.2 certification with Lloyd's, BV, TÜV or SGS, ultrasonic examination to EN 10160 and Charpy testing at the temperature you specify. ### How to order Specify thickness × width (× length), surface (black / HRPO), coil or sheet, tonnage and the forming operation; we advise if DD12–DD14 or an MC grade suits the part better. ### FAQ **What is DD11 steel?** A hot-rolled low-carbon steel for cold forming to EN 10111 (1.0332, ex StW 22): yield 170–340 MPa, tensile ≤ 440 MPa, elongation ≥ 28 %, bend 0.5 × t — the bending and roll-forming grade, supplied black or pickled and oiled. **What is the difference between DD11 and S235JR?** S235JR is a structural grade with a minimum yield and impact test; DD11 is a forming grade with a yield window (170–340 MPa) and guaranteed elongation. Same chemistry class and price; choose by whether the part is designed for strength or formed. **What is the equivalent of DD11?** DIN StW 22, JIS SPHC, ASTM A1011 CS Type B, GB Q195 — all commercial-quality hot-rolled forming sheet. **Is DD11 available pickled and oiled?** Yes — DD11 HRPO 1.5–4 mm is a stock item at Dilovası; black DD11 in 4–6 mm; thicker to order. **Can DD11 be welded?** Yes, with any process and without preheat; carbon is at most 0.12 %. ## DD12 Steel URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/dd12-forming-steel/ DD12 is the step a wheel-rim or a drawn cross-member takes when DD11 is not quite ductile enough: a tighter yield window, two more points of elongation and a non-ageing guarantee, on the same pickled hot-rolled strip. Mills roll it against order; we usually deliver DD13 from stock in its place. ### What is DD12 forming steel? DD12 tightens the DD11 specification for drawing: carbon down to 0.10 %, manganese to 0.45 %, phosphorus and sulphur to 0.035 %, yield window 170–320 MPa, tensile ceiling 420 MPa, elongation 30 %, and — new at this level — a non-ageing guarantee for six months, so the skin-passed strip does not develop stretcher strains on a stretched surface. Hot-rolled drawing grades are used where a part is too thick for cold-rolled sheet (2–6 mm) but needs to be pressed with some draw depth: wheel rims and discs, drawn cross-members and brackets, agricultural pans, gas-bottle feet, formed housings. In the die DD12 behaves like a DC03: shallow draws to a ratio of about 1.8, stretch-forming and embossing without orange-peel. It is always supplied pickled and oiled — scale would ruin a drawing die. Because mills roll DD12 only against orders and DD13 (the next level) is a stock item at the same price class, most enquiries end with DD13 delivered. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Mn | P | S | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | 0.10 | 0.45 | 0.035 | 0.035 | _Typical heat: C 0.03–0.05, Mn 0.20–0.30, Al-killed._ ### Mechanical properties and formability | Property | Requirement | Typical value | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Yield strength ReH | 170–320 MPa (≤ 340 below 2 mm) | 200–260 MPa | | | Tensile strength Rm | ≤ 420 MPa | 320–380 MPa | | | Elongation A80 | ≥ 30 % | 33–38 % | | | Bend radius | 0.5 × t | passes | | | Ageing | non-ageing 6 months | guaranteed | | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | DIN 1614-1 (old) | StW 23 | historic German | | EN 10111 (1998) | DD12 | previous edition | | JIS G3131 | SPHD | | | ASTM A1011 | DS Type B | | | GB/T 3273 / 5213 | SPHD | | ### Pickling, oiling and surface | Condition | Process | Surface | Best for | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Black (HR, as-rolled) | none — mill scale left on | blue-black oxide, 10–40 µm, flakes when bent | welded structures, plate to be blasted, hidden parts | | HRPO (pickled & oiled) | HCl pickling of coil, rinse, light oil | uniform grey-metallic, scale-free, Ra ≈ 1–3 µm | forming, painting, roll-forming, tube making, visible parts | | HRP / HRPO skin-passed | pickling + temper pass | flatter, tighter gauge, no Lüders lines | pressing, blanking, precision parts | | Dry (pickled, unoiled) | pickling, no oil | bare, rusts within days | immediate galvanizing or welding only | _Turkish trade names: siyah sac = black hot-rolled, HRP / asitli sac = pickled & oiled. The steel grade (S235JR, DD11 …) is the same under both surfaces; only the finish differs._ ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 1.5–3.0 mm | coil 1 000 / 1 250 / 1 500 mm | to order 2–3 weeks | | 4.0–6.0 mm | coil 1 250 / 1 500 mm; sheet 2 500 / 3 000 | to order 2–3 weeks | | any | DD13 HRPO from stock as substitute | 3–5 days | ### Weight per m² and per sheet | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 000 × 2 000 (kg) | 1 250 × 2 500 (kg) | 1 500 × 3 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1.5 mm | 11.78 | 23.6 | 36.8 | 53.0 | | 2 mm | 15.70 | 31.4 | 49.1 | 70.7 | | 2.5 mm | 19.63 | 39.3 | 61.3 | 88.3 | | 3 mm | 23.55 | 47.1 | 73.6 | 106.0 | | 4 mm | 31.40 | 62.8 | 98.1 | 141.3 | | 5 mm | 39.25 | 78.5 | 122.7 | 176.6 | | 6 mm | 47.10 | 94.2 | 147.2 | 212.0 | _Uncoated; tolerances to EN 10051._ ### Forming, welding and painting Shallow drawing to about 1.8, stretch-forming and embossing with drawing oil and polished tools; hems and flanges at 0.5 × t. Welds without preheat, soft ductile joints. Paint after degreasing — the pickled surface needs no blasting. Use within the non-ageing period for parts with visible stretched surfaces. ### Where it is used - Wheel rims and discs (with DD13 for the deeper draws) - Drawn cross-members, brackets and reinforcements - Agricultural pans, hoppers and formed covers - Gas-bottle feet and collars - Pressed housings and casings in 2–6 mm - Formed parts for construction machinery ### DD12 vs DD11 vs DD13 DD11 bends; DD12 draws; DD13 deep-draws — yield windows 170–340, 170–320 and 170–310 MPa, elongation 28, 30 and 33 %. DD13 is stocked and exceeds DD12 in every respect at a few dollars more, so order DD12 by name only when the specification requires it. ### Price DD12 is priced about 10 USD/t over DD11 HRPO; the band below is indicative FOB Istanbul for mill-order coil. - DD12 HRPO · 1.5–6 mm: USD 670–815 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing We load DD12 forming steel as slit or master coils on cradles (VCI paper, strapped, 5–25 t) or as cut-to-length sheet on skids (≤ 3 t, interleaved, edge boards); a 20' container carries one coil to 20 t, a 40' HC two coils or 24 t of sheet. HS 7210 / 7209 / 7208. - Moq: One coil (10–25 t) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: To order 2–3 weeks; DD13 from stock as substitute - Packing: Coil eye-to-sky, VCI paper; sheet on skids - Container: 20' one coil ≤ 20 t; 40' HC two coils - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing DD12 forming steel is delivered with the mill certificate EN 10204 3.1 — heat number, ladle analysis, tensile and impact results and the delivery condition. Third-party 3.2 certification (Lloyd's, BV, TÜV, SGS), ultrasonic testing to EN 10160 and extra Charpy tests at a lower temperature are ordered per lot. ### How to order Specify thickness × width, coil or sheet, tonnage, the part (so we can confirm the level) and whether DD13 from stock is acceptable. ### FAQ **What is DD12 steel?** The drawing-quality hot-rolled forming steel of EN 10111 (1.0398, ex StW 23): yield 170–320 MPa, elongation ≥ 30 %, non-ageing, pickled and oiled, for pressed and shallow-drawn parts in 1.5–6 mm. **What is the difference between DD11 and DD12?** DD12 has lower carbon and manganese, a narrower yield window (170–320 vs 170–340 MPa), 30 % vs 28 % elongation and a non-ageing guarantee; DD11 is the bending grade. **What is the equivalent of DD12?** DIN StW 23, JIS SPHD, ASTM A1011 DS Type B. **Is DD12 in stock?** It is rolled to order in 2–3 weeks; DD13, which exceeds it, is stocked pickled and oiled at Dilovası. ## DD13 Steel URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/dd13-forming-steel/ DD13 is the hot-rolled counterpart of DC04: the sheet that draws a wheel rim, an LPG cylinder half or a 4 mm cup without a crack. Turkish mills make it well and often, we keep it pickled in the common gauges, and it is what we deliver against most DD12 and many "deep-drawing HRPO" enquiries. ### What is DD13 forming steel? DD13 is the third level of EN 10111 and the first true deep-drawing hot-rolled grade: aluminium-killed for a fine, stable grain, carbon at most 0.08 % (typically 0.03), manganese 0.40 %, phosphorus and sulphur 0.030 %, giving a yield window of 170–310 MPa, a tensile ceiling of 400 MPa and 33 % elongation with a six-month non-ageing guarantee. Where cold-rolled DC04 covers 0.4–3 mm, DD13 covers 1.5–6 mm (up to 12 mm at some mills), so it is the grade for thick drawn parts: wheel rims and discs (the classic use — rim strip is DD13 by default), LPG and CNG cylinder halves and feet (with EN 10120 cross-certification), drawn hubs, cups and housings, agricultural discs and pressed structural parts of construction machinery. It is supplied pickled and oiled — never black — because scale would score the die and the part. Drawing behaviour is close to DC04 (r ≈ 1.2–1.4 on hot-rolled texture, n ≈ 0.20); draw ratios to about 1.9 in one stroke. It is a stock grade in Turkey thanks to the wheel and cylinder industries, and the one we hold. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Mn | P | S | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | 0.08 | 0.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | _Typical heat: C 0.02–0.04, Mn 0.20–0.30, Al 0.03–0.06 (killed)._ ### Mechanical properties and deep-drawing behaviour | Property | Requirement | Typical value | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Yield strength ReH | 170–310 MPa (≤ 330 below 2 mm) | 190–250 MPa | | | Tensile strength Rm | ≤ 400 MPa | 300–360 MPa | | | Elongation A80 | ≥ 33 % | 35–40 % | | | r / n (typical) | not specified | ≈ 1.3 / 0.20 | | | Bend radius | 0 × t | passes | | | Ageing | non-ageing 6 months | guaranteed | | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | DIN 1614-1 (old) | StW 24 | historic German | | EN 10111 (1998) | DD13 | previous edition | | JIS G3131 | SPHE | | | ASTM A1011 | DDS Type A | | | GB/T 3273 / 5213 | SPHE | | ### Pickling, oiling and surface | Condition | Process | Surface | Best for | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Black (HR, as-rolled) | none — mill scale left on | blue-black oxide, 10–40 µm, flakes when bent | welded structures, plate to be blasted, hidden parts | | HRPO (pickled & oiled) | HCl pickling of coil, rinse, light oil | uniform grey-metallic, scale-free, Ra ≈ 1–3 µm | forming, painting, roll-forming, tube making, visible parts | | HRP / HRPO skin-passed | pickling + temper pass | flatter, tighter gauge, no Lüders lines | pressing, blanking, precision parts | | Dry (pickled, unoiled) | pickling, no oil | bare, rusts within days | immediate galvanizing or welding only | _Turkish trade names: siyah sac = black hot-rolled, HRP / asitli sac = pickled & oiled. The steel grade (S235JR, DD11 …) is the same under both surfaces; only the finish differs._ ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 1.5–3.0 mm | coil 1 000 / 1 250 / 1 500 mm; slit rim strips | stock HRPO | | 4.0–6.0 mm | coil 1 250 / 1 500 mm; sheet 2 500 / 3 000; blanks | stock HRPO | | 8–12 mm | coil / sheet, pickled | to order 2–3 weeks | ### Weight per m² and per sheet | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 000 × 2 000 (kg) | 1 250 × 2 500 (kg) | 1 500 × 3 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1.5 mm | 11.78 | 23.6 | 36.8 | 53.0 | | 2 mm | 15.70 | 31.4 | 49.1 | 70.7 | | 2.5 mm | 19.63 | 39.3 | 61.3 | 88.3 | | 3 mm | 23.55 | 47.1 | 73.6 | 106.0 | | 4 mm | 31.40 | 62.8 | 98.1 | 141.3 | | 5 mm | 39.25 | 78.5 | 122.7 | 176.6 | | 6 mm | 47.10 | 94.2 | 147.2 | 212.0 | _Uncoated; tolerances to EN 10051._ ### Forming, welding and painting Deep drawing to a ratio of about 1.9, redraws with or without intermediate annealing, flow-forming of rims, flanging and hemming at 0 × t; drawing oil or the mill oil for light draws, polished tools. Welds without preheat (very low carbon) — rim strip is flash-butt welded, cylinder halves MAG or SAW welded, to EN 10120 procedures where certified. Paint after degreasing; the pickled surface takes e-coat and powder directly. ### Where it is used - Wheel rims and discs for cars, trucks, tractors and trailers - LPG / CNG cylinder halves, feet and collars - Drawn hubs, cups, housings and covers in 2–6 mm - Agricultural discs and pressed implements - Construction-machinery pressed parts - Drawn parts too thick for cold-rolled sheet ### DD13 vs DD14 vs DC04 DD14 narrows the window to 170–290 MPa with 36 % elongation for the deepest hot-rolled draws — a mill-order grade. DC04 is the cold-rolled deep-drawing sheet for 0.4–3 mm with a smoother surface and tighter gauge. DD13 is the stock choice between 1.5 and 6 mm; go to DD14 only above a draw ratio of about 2, and to DC04 when the part is thin or visible. ### Price DD13 is priced about 20 USD/t over DD11 HRPO; the band below is the month's indicative FOB Istanbul range for our stock. Blanking and slitting priced per ton. - DD13 HRPO · 1.5–6 mm: USD 680–825 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Packing of DD13 forming steel: coils on cradles (eye-to-sky, VCI wrap, four straps, 5–25 t) or sheet packs on skids up to 3 t with interleaving paper and corner protectors; 20' ≈ one coil (≤ 20 t), 40' HC ≈ two coils or 24 t of sheet. Tariff 7210 / 7209 / 7208. - Moq: One coil (10–25 t) or 5 t of sheet - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock 1.5–6 mm HRPO: 3–5 working days; blanks 5–8 days - Packing: Coil eye-to-sky, VCI paper; blanks interleaved on skids - Container: 20' one coil ≤ 20 t; 40' HC two coils or 24 t sheet - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing DD13 forming steel ships with EN 10204 3.1 certificates cross-referenced to the stencilled heat numbers. Where the project requires it we arrange 3.2 certification with Lloyd's, BV, TÜV or SGS, ultrasonic examination to EN 10160 and Charpy testing at the temperature you specify. ### How to order Specify thickness × width (or slit / blank size), tonnage, the part and any cross-certification (e.g. EN 10120 for cylinders); stock confirmed the same day. ### FAQ **What is DD13 steel?** The deep-drawing hot-rolled steel of EN 10111 (1.0335, ex StW 24): Al-killed, yield 170–310 MPa, elongation ≥ 33 %, non-ageing, supplied pickled and oiled in 1.5–6 mm for wheel rims, cylinders and thick drawn parts. **What steel is used for wheel rims?** DD13 (or DD12) hot-rolled pickled strip is the standard rim material in Europe and Turkey; high-strength rims use S355MC–S420MC. **What is the equivalent of DD13?** DIN StW 24, JIS SPHE, ASTM A1011 DDS Type A. **What is the difference between DD13 and DC04?** Both are deep-drawing grades; DD13 is hot-rolled (1.5–6 mm, hot-rolled tolerances, pickled surface), DC04 is cold-rolled (0.4–3 mm, tighter gauge, smoother surface, higher price). **Is DD13 in stock in Turkey?** Yes — 1.5–6 mm pickled and oiled, coil and sheet, at our Dilovası warehouse. ## DD14 Steel URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/dd14-forming-steel/ DD14 is the hot-rolled sheet for parts that are drawn twice: a deep cylinder half with a re-drawn neck, a wheel disc with a pressed hub, a drawn housing with a flange on top. It is a specialist grade, ordered by heat, and we handle it as a project item with blanks cut to your size. ### What is DD14 forming steel? DD14 pushes the hot-rolled forming family to its limit: the same 0.08 % carbon ceiling as DD13 but manganese reduced to 0.35 %, phosphorus and sulphur to 0.025 %, a tighter and lower yield window (170–290 MPa), a lower tensile ceiling (380 MPa) and 36 % elongation, all with the non-ageing guarantee. The mill achieves it with a very clean aluminium-killed heat and a controlled coiling temperature that produces a coarse, soft, uniform ferrite — the hot-rolled equivalent of the annealing texture that makes DC05 draw. In the press it gives draw ratios above 2, two-stage draws without intermediate annealing, and stretch-forming of large hot-rolled panels. Typical parts: deep LPG/CNG cylinder halves and re-drawn necks, wheel discs with integral hubs, deep hot-rolled housings and cups, pressed axle and suspension components. It is always pickled and oiled; it is not a stock grade anywhere in Turkey and is rolled against order in 3–4 weeks. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Mn | P | S | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | 0.08 | 0.35 | 0.025 | 0.025 | _Typical heat: C 0.02–0.03, Mn 0.15–0.25, Al 0.03–0.06._ ### Mechanical properties and deep-drawing behaviour | Property | Requirement | Typical value | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Yield strength ReH | 170–290 MPa (≤ 310 below 2 mm) | 180–240 MPa | | | Tensile strength Rm | ≤ 380 MPa | 290–340 MPa | | | Elongation A80 | ≥ 36 % | 38–44 % | | | r / n (typical) | not specified | ≈ 1.4 / 0.21 | | | Bend radius | 0 × t | passes | | | Ageing | non-ageing 6 months | guaranteed | | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | DIN 1614-1 (old) | StW 24 (special) | historic German | | EN 10111 (1998) | DD14 | previous edition | | JIS G3131 | SPHF | | | ASTM A1011 | EDDS (hot-rolled) | | | GB/T 3273 / 5213 | SPHF | | ### Pickling, oiling and surface | Condition | Process | Surface | Best for | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Black (HR, as-rolled) | none — mill scale left on | blue-black oxide, 10–40 µm, flakes when bent | welded structures, plate to be blasted, hidden parts | | HRPO (pickled & oiled) | HCl pickling of coil, rinse, light oil | uniform grey-metallic, scale-free, Ra ≈ 1–3 µm | forming, painting, roll-forming, tube making, visible parts | | HRP / HRPO skin-passed | pickling + temper pass | flatter, tighter gauge, no Lüders lines | pressing, blanking, precision parts | | Dry (pickled, unoiled) | pickling, no oil | bare, rusts within days | immediate galvanizing or welding only | _Turkish trade names: siyah sac = black hot-rolled, HRP / asitli sac = pickled & oiled. The steel grade (S235JR, DD11 …) is the same under both surfaces; only the finish differs._ ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 1.5–3.0 mm | coil 1 000 / 1 250 / 1 500 mm; blanks | to order 3–4 weeks | | 4.0–6.0 mm | coil 1 250 / 1 500 mm; blanks | to order 3–4 weeks | ### Weight per m² and per sheet | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 000 × 2 000 (kg) | 1 250 × 2 500 (kg) | 1 500 × 3 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1.5 mm | 11.78 | 23.6 | 36.8 | 53.0 | | 2 mm | 15.70 | 31.4 | 49.1 | 70.7 | | 2.5 mm | 19.63 | 39.3 | 61.3 | 88.3 | | 3 mm | 23.55 | 47.1 | 73.6 | 106.0 | | 4 mm | 31.40 | 62.8 | 98.1 | 141.3 | | 5 mm | 39.25 | 78.5 | 122.7 | 176.6 | | 6 mm | 47.10 | 94.2 | 147.2 | 212.0 | _Uncoated; tolerances to EN 10051._ ### Forming, welding and painting Draw ratios above 2, redraws without annealing, stretch-forming of large parts; low blank-holder force, generous radii, drawing oil, polished tools. Welds without preheat with soft, ductile joints; cylinder procedures to EN 10120 / EN 1442 on request. Paint after degreasing. ### Where it is used - Deep LPG / CNG cylinder halves and re-drawn necks - Wheel discs with integral hubs - Deep hot-rolled housings, cups and covers - Pressed axle, suspension and steering components - Two-stage drawn agricultural and machinery parts ### DD14 vs DD13 DD13 from stock draws to a ratio of about 1.9; DD14 to above 2 with a redraw, at about 15 USD/t more and a mill lead time. Try the part in DD13 first unless the specification names DD14 or the draw ratio is known to exceed 2. For thin parts the cold-rolled DC05 is the equivalent level. ### Price DD14 is priced about 35 USD/t over DD11 HRPO; the band below is indicative FOB Istanbul for mill-order coil. - DD14 HRPO · 1.5–6 mm: USD 695–840 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing DD14 forming steel ships as coil — eye-to-sky on a wooden cradle, 5–25 t per coil, VCI paper and steel strapping — or as cut sheet on skids of 2–3 t with paper interleaving and edge protectors. A 20' takes one coil up to 20 t; a 40' HC two coils or 24 t of sheet. HS 7210 / 7209 / 7208 by product. - Moq: One coil (10–25 t) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: To order 3–4 weeks - Packing: Coil eye-to-sky, VCI paper; blanks interleaved on skids - Container: 20' one coil ≤ 20 t; 40' HC two coils - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing DD14 forming steel ships with EN 10204 3.1 certificates cross-referenced to the stencilled heat numbers. Where the project requires it we arrange 3.2 certification with Lloyd's, BV, TÜV or SGS, ultrasonic examination to EN 10160 and Charpy testing at the temperature you specify. ### How to order Specify thickness × width or blank size, tonnage, the part drawing and any cylinder certification; mill slot confirmed within one working day. ### FAQ **What is DD14 steel?** The extra-deep-drawing hot-rolled steel of EN 10111 (1.0389): very clean Al-killed heat, yield 170–290 MPa, elongation ≥ 36 %, non-ageing, pickled and oiled, for the deepest hot-rolled pressings in 1.5–6 mm. **What is the difference between DD13 and DD14?** DD14 has lower manganese, phosphorus and sulphur, a narrower yield window (170–290 vs 170–310 MPa) and 36 % vs 33 % elongation, allowing draw ratios above 2; DD13 is the stock deep-drawing grade. **What is the equivalent of DD14?** JIS SPHF; ASTM A1011 EDDS (hot-rolled); no exact DIN predecessor. **What is the lead time for DD14?** 3–4 weeks — rolled to order; DD13 ships from stock. ## S235JR Steel Plate URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/s235jr-plate/ MS plate, ST37 plate, A36 plate — the general-purpose structural plate is S235JR to EN 10025-2, and we hold it from 3 to 100 mm in 1 500, 2 000 and 2 500 mm widths. Cut to size or to DXF by laser, plasma and flame, bevelled for welding, shot-blasted and shop-primed; delivered with EN 10204 3.1 in container or breakbulk. ### What is S235JR (MS) plate used for? S235JR is the base structural grade of EN 10025-2: 235 MPa minimum yield, 360–510 MPa tensile, 26% elongation and 27 J impact at +20 °C — weldable without preheat, easy to cut, bend and machine. As plate it is the material for base plates, gussets and stiffeners, machine frames and bases, tanks and hoppers, bins, chutes, truck bodies, temporary works, road plates and general fabrication. Where the engineer designs to 355 MPa, or needs −20 °C toughness, S355J2 plate is the step up; above 100 mm, or for slabs, see heavy plate. ### Weight chart and standard sizes | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 500 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 000 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 500 × 12 000 (kg) | Stock | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 3 mm | 23.6 | 212 | 283 | — | Sheet & plate | | 4 mm | 31.4 | 283 | 377 | — | Sheet & plate | | 5 mm | 39.3 | 353 | 471 | — | Sheet & plate | | 6 mm | 47.1 | 424 | 565 | 1 413 | Plate | | 8 mm | 62.8 | 565 | 754 | 1 884 | Plate | | 10 mm | 78.5 | 707 | 942 | 2 355 | Plate | | 12 mm | 94.2 | 848 | 1 130 | 2 826 | Plate | | 15 mm | 118 | 1 060 | 1 413 | 3 533 | Plate | | 20 mm | 157 | 1 413 | 1 884 | 4 710 | Plate | | 25 mm | 196 | 1 766 | 2 355 | 5 888 | Plate | | 30 mm | 236 | 2 120 | 2 826 | 7 065 | Plate | | 40 mm | 314 | 2 826 | 3 768 | 9 420 | Plate | | 50 mm | 393 | 3 533 | 4 710 | 11 775 | Plate / order | | 60–100 mm | 471–785 | — | — | — | Mill order | _Widths 1 500 / 2 000 / 2 500 mm; lengths 6 000 and 12 000 mm; other sizes cut._ ### Grade equivalents: S235JR, ST37, A36, SS400 Detailed chemistry, mechanical values by thickness and a direct S235JR vs A36 comparison are on our reference site (links below). | Standard | Grade | Yield min | Tensile | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | EN 10025-2 | S235JR | 235 MPa | 360–510 | Stock grade; JR = 27 J at +20 °C | | EN 10025-2 | S235J2 | 235 MPa | 360–510 | 27 J at −20 °C, on request | | DIN 17100 (old) | St37-2 | 235 MPa | 340–470 | Superseded by S235JR | | ASTM | A36 | 250 MPa | 400–550 | Dual-certified on many heats | | ASTM | A283 Gr. C | 205 MPa | 380–515 | Lower grade | | JIS G3101 | SS400 | 245 MPa | 400–510 | Common in Gulf specs | | GOST 380 | St3sp | 245 MPa | 370–480 | CIS specs | ### Tolerances (EN 10029) | Nominal thickness | Lower | Upper | | --- | --- | --- | | 3 – 5 mm | −0.4 | +0.8 | | 5 – 8 mm | −0.4 | +1.1 | | 8 – 15 mm | −0.5 | +1.2 | | 15 – 25 mm | −0.6 | +1.3 | | 25 – 40 mm | −0.8 | +1.4 | | 40 – 80 mm | −1.0 | +1.8 | | 80 – 150 mm | −1.0 | +2.2 | _Class B (fixed −0.3 mm lower), C (no minus) and D on request; flatness class N; surface class A1 per EN 10163._ ### Cutting, bevelling and surface preparation Laser to 25 mm (±0.1 mm, clean edge), HD plasma to 80 mm (±0.5 mm), oxy-fuel above 80 mm; bevels 30–45° for weld prep; drilling and countersinking; shot-blasting to Sa 2½ with zinc-silicate or epoxy shop primer 15–25 µm. Nested parts from DXF are delivered stacked and labelled; the remnant is yours or credited. Plate rolling into shells and cones is on the rolling and bending page. ### Load and thickness — quick answers Is a 3 mm plate strong? As a floor over 500 mm supports it carries about 2 kN/m² — foot traffic only; 5 mm carries 6 kN/m² over 1 m; 10 mm carries 24 kN/m² over 1 m (S235, deflection L/200). Base plates under columns are 15–40 mm; road plates 20–25 mm (1 500 × 3 000); tank shells 6–12 mm; machine bases 20–50 mm. Our load-capacity guide covers plate bending, and the project engineer confirms. ### MS plate price per ton Indicative FOB Istanbul band from our weekly export list, S235JR 3–20 mm, full-container quantities; 25–50 mm plate is priced on request per mill lot, cutting and priming per piece. - S235JR · 3–20 mm: USD 655–805 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - S235JR · 25–100 mm: on request / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Plates stacked to 5 t packs on skids, strapped; 6 m plates load into 40' HC (max 24–25 t, 4–6 packs); 12 m plates by flat-rack or breakbulk. HS code 7208.51 (>10 mm), 7208.52 (4.75–10 mm), 7208.53/.54 (<4.75 mm). - Moq: 1 × 20' (≈20 t) or 1 truck (24 t); breakbulk from 100 t - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul / Derince · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus - Lead: Stock 5–10 working days; cutting +3–7; mill order 3–5 weeks - Packing: Packs to 5 t on skids, strapped; corner protectors for primed plate - Container: 20' ≈ 20 t (plate ≤ 5.8 m) · 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t (6 m) · flat-rack / breakbulk 12 m - Docs: Invoice, packing list per plate, EN 10204 3.1, CE, certificate of origin; UT, 3.2, SASO / SONCAP / COC / EAC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight via London office ### Certificates EN 10204 3.1 per plate/heat, CE per EN 10025, certificate of origin; 3.2 with third-party witness on request; SASO, SONCAP, COC, EAC arranged before loading; ultrasonic testing (EN 10160) for plate ≥ 6 mm on request. ### How to order Send thickness × width × length (or DXF nesting), quantity in tons or pieces, surface (mill / blasted / primed) and port. Reply within one working day with price, plate list, gross weight and containers; stock plate loads in 5–10 working days. ### FAQ **What is MS plate?** Mild steel plate — low-carbon structural plate, in Europe S235JR (or S275JR), in the US A36, in Japan SS400. Weldable, formable, 235–250 MPa yield, 3 mm and up. **Is S235JR the same as ST37 and A36?** S235JR replaced DIN St37-2 with the same yield; A36 has 250 MPa yield and is dual-certified on many heats. Chemistry limits differ slightly — see the comparison on steelstandart.com. **What is the standard size of a steel plate?** 1 500 × 6 000 and 2 000 × 6 000 mm are the stock sizes; 2 500 × 12 000 mm from the mill; any smaller size is cut. Sheets under 3 mm are 1 250 × 2 500 or 1 500 × 3 000. **Is a 3 mm steel plate strong?** For foot traffic over 500 mm supports yes (about 2 kN/m²); for floors and machinery no — 5–10 mm on 1 m supports is typical. As a panel or tank skin 3 mm S235JR is standard. **What is the price of steel plate in KSA / the Gulf?** Landed Dammam or Jebel Ali in container quantity, Turkish S235JR plate is typically 10–15% under local stockist prices; sea freight adds 40–60 USD/t and duty 5% (KSA 5–15% by HS code). We quote CIF per ton within one working day. **How much does a 10 mm plate weigh?** 78.5 kg/m²: 1 500 × 6 000 = 707 kg, 2 000 × 6 000 = 942 kg, 2 500 × 12 000 = 2 355 kg. **Can you cut plate to my drawing?** Yes — laser to 25 mm, plasma to 80 mm, flame above, with bevels, drilling and shop primer, nested from your DXF; parts ship labelled with the plate order. **What tolerance does the plate come in?** EN 10029 class A (e.g. 10 mm: −0.5/+1.2 mm); class B, C or D on request; flatness N; surface A1. ASTM A6 tolerances for A36 orders. ## ST37 Steel Plate URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/st37-steel-plate/ If your drawing still says ST37, ST37-2 or St 37-2, you are asking for the plate that the whole industry now certifies as S235JR — the same 235 MPa yield, the same 360–510 MPa tensile band, the same +20 °C impact test. Buyers in the Gulf, Iraq, the Balkans and North Africa keep using the DIN name, so we keep the page: what you get is S235JR black plate from our Dilovası stock, cut to your sizes. ### What is ST37 steel plate? ST37 is the DIN 17100 designation for unalloyed structural steel with a minimum tensile strength of 37 kp/mm² (about 360 MPa) — the "37" is the old tensile number, not the yield. The full name was ST37-2, the "-2" being the quality group that guarantees a 27 J Charpy impact value at room temperature. When Europe harmonised its steel standards, ST37-2 became S235JR: S for structural, 235 for the minimum yield in MPa, JR for 27 J at +20 °C. The chemistry limits, the mechanical values and the delivery conditions are the same; only the name and the material number (1.0038) changed. A plate ordered as ST37 today is rolled as S235JR and certified as S235JR — there is no separate ST37 production anywhere in Europe or Turkey, and a supplier who promises a "real ST37 certificate" is selling you the same plate with an old label. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Mn | P | S | N | Cu | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | 0.17 (≤ 40 mm) | 1.40 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.012 | 0.55 | _Si is not limited; typical Erdemir / İsdemir heats run C 0.08–0.14, Mn 0.40–0.70. CEV ≤ 0.35 up to 30 mm._ ### Mechanical properties | Thickness | Yield ReH min (MPa) | Tensile Rm (MPa) | Elongation A min | Impact KV | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | ≤ 16 mm | 235 | 360–510 | 26 % (≥ 3 mm) | 27 J at +20 °C | | > 16–40 mm | 225 | 360–510 | 26 % | 27 J at +20 °C | | > 40–63 mm | 215 | 360–510 | 25 % | 27 J at +20 °C | | 1.5–3 mm sheet | 235 | 360–510 | 17–19 % (A80) | — | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | EN 10025-2 | S235JR (1.0038) | identical — current name | | DIN 17100 | ST37-2 | withdrawn name | | ASTM | A283 Gr. D / A36 (near) | A36 has 250 MPa yield | | JIS G3101 | SS400 | no impact requirement | | GB/T 700 | Q235B | B = +20 °C impact | | ISO 630 | E235B | | ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 1.5–3 mm | 1 000 / 1 250 / 1 500 × 2 000–6 000 | stock, sheet from coil | | 4–12 mm | 1 500 / 2 000 × 6 000 | stock | | 15–20 mm | 2 000 × 6 000 | stock, limited | | 25–100 mm | 2 000–2 500 × 6 000–12 000 | on order 2–4 weeks (see heavy plate) | ### Weight per m² and per plate | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 500 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 000 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 500 × 12 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1.5 mm | 11.8 | 106 | 141 | 353 | | 2 mm | 15.7 | 141 | 188 | 471 | | 3 mm | 23.6 | 212 | 283 | 707 | | 4 mm | 31.4 | 283 | 377 | 942 | | 5 mm | 39.3 | 353 | 471 | 1 178 | | 6 mm | 47.1 | 424 | 565 | 1 413 | | 8 mm | 62.8 | 565 | 754 | 1 884 | | 10 mm | 78.5 | 707 | 942 | 2 355 | | 12 mm | 94.2 | 848 | 1 130 | 2 826 | | 15 mm | 117.8 | 1 060 | 1 413 | 3 533 | | 20 mm | 157.0 | 1 413 | 1 884 | 4 710 | _Nominal weights — mill tolerance to EN 10029 class A adds up to +4 % on thin plate; invoiced on theoretical weight unless agreed otherwise._ ### Welding, cutting and forming ST37 / S235JR is the easiest structural plate to work: carbon equivalent below 0.35 means no preheat at any stock thickness, and any process — MMA with E42 rods, MAG with G3Si1 wire, submerged arc — gives a joint at least as strong as the plate. It bends cold to an inside radius of 1 × t on our press brakes and rolls into shells down to about 10 × t. Plasma cutting is standard up to 20 mm, laser up to 15 mm with a clean, paint-ready edge; flame cutting above that. The as-rolled surface carries mill scale; order shot-blasting and shop primer if the parts go straight to paint. ### Where it is used - General steel construction: columns, beams, gussets, base plates - Machine frames, chassis, bases and covers - Tanks, silos and non-pressure vessels - Doors, frames, gates and furniture fabrication - Ship deckhouse outfitting and non-class items - Agricultural and trailer bodies ### ST37 vs ST52 — when to move up ST37 (S235JR) yields at 235 MPa; ST52 (S355JR/J2) at 355 MPa — 50 % more strength for roughly 10 % more money per ton. If the design is governed by strength, ST52 saves weight: a beam or plate can be about 30 % thinner. If it is governed by stiffness (deflection), both have the same modulus and ST37 is the economical choice. ST37 is also easier to bend and needs less welding care, so for tanks, frames, covers and anything not stress-critical it remains the default. See the S355J2 plate page for the higher grade. ### Price ST37 plate is priced as S235JR black plate — the base of our whole hot-rolled list. The band below is our indicative FOB Istanbul range for the month across the 1.5–20 mm stock; thin sheet (≤ 3 mm) sits at the top, 8–15 mm at the bottom. Cutting to size, shot-blasting and priming are quoted per piece. - ST37 / S235JR · 1.5–20 mm: USD 655–805 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing ST37 steel plate leaves Dilovası on timber skids in packs of up to 5 t, steel-strapped with corner protectors and the heat number stencilled on every plate. A 40' HC takes 24–25 t of 6 m plate. 12 m and heavy plate go by flat-rack or breakbulk from Derince port. Customs code 7208.51 / 7208.52. - Moq: 5 t of one thickness (≈ 1 skid) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock 1.5–20 mm: 3–5 working days; cut pieces 5–8 - Packing: Skids up to 5 t, strapped, edge protectors; oiled on request - Container: 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t of 6 m plate · 20' ≈ 20 t of short plate - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing ST37 steel plate ships with EN 10204 3.1 certificates cross-referenced to the stencilled heat numbers. Where the project requires it we arrange 3.2 certification with Lloyd's, BV, TÜV or SGS, ultrasonic examination to EN 10160 and Charpy testing at the temperature you specify. ### How to order Send thickness × width × length, the tonnage or piece count, and whether you want the plate marked ST37 or S235JR on the packing list (the certificate always reads S235JR). For cut parts attach a DXF or a dimensioned sketch; we return a weight and price list per part. ### FAQ **Is ST37 the same as S235JR?** Yes. ST37-2 is the DIN 17100 name and S235JR the EN 10025-2 name of the same steel: 235 MPa yield, 360–510 MPa tensile, 27 J impact at +20 °C. DIN 17100 was withdrawn in 2004, so all plate is now certified as S235JR. **What does the 37 in ST37 mean?** The minimum tensile strength in kp/mm²: 37 kp/mm² ≈ 360 MPa. Modern names use the yield strength instead, hence S235. **What is the ASTM equivalent of ST37?** ASTM A36 is the usual substitute (250 MPa yield, 400–550 MPa tensile); A283 Grade D is closer in tensile. Neither is identical — check impact requirements with the designer. **What thicknesses of ST37 plate do you stock?** 1.5 to 20 mm in 1 000–2 000 mm widths and 2 000–6 000 mm lengths from our Dilovası stock; 25–100 mm on order in 2–4 weeks. **Does ST37 need preheating before welding?** No — with a carbon equivalent under 0.35 it welds without preheat at any stock thickness using ordinary E42 / G3Si1 consumables. **How much does a 6 mm ST37 plate weigh?** 47.1 kg per m²; a 1 500 × 6 000 mm plate weighs 424 kg and a 2 000 × 6 000 mm plate 565 kg. ## S275JR Steel Plate URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/s275jr-plate/ S275JR sits between S235JR and S355J2: 275 MPa yield, 410–560 MPa tensile, weldable without preheat up to 50 mm, and only 1–3% dearer than S235. It is the default grade of many Gulf and EU structural specifications for secondary members, bracing, base plates and welded machinery frames. Stocked 6–50 mm, cut to size or DXF, primed on request. ### When to choose S275JR S275JR gives 17% more yield strength than S235JR for a 1–3% price difference, which is why EU and Gulf structural engineers specify it for secondary beams, bracing, base and end plates, gussets and welded frames when S355 is not needed. In practice: use S235JR for non-structural fabrication and light frames; S275JR when the design uses fy = 275 MPa (many older BS 5950 and Gulf specs still call up Grade 43 / S275); S355J2 for primary members, cranes, high-load connections and cold climates. Carbon equivalent stays below 0.40, so welding follows the same procedures as S235. ### Mechanical properties by thickness | Thickness | Yield min (MPa) | Tensile (MPa) | Elongation min | Impact | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | ≤ 16 mm | 275 | 410–560 | 23% | 27 J at +20 °C | | 16 – 40 mm | 265 | 410–560 | 23% | 27 J at +20 °C | | 40 – 63 mm | 255 | 410–560 | 22% | 27 J at +20 °C | | 63 – 80 mm | 245 | 410–560 | 22% | 27 J at +20 °C | _S275J0 (0 °C) and S275J2 (−20 °C) on request. Chemistry: C ≤ 0.21, Mn ≤ 1.50, P/S ≤ 0.035, CEV ≤ 0.40._ ### Equivalents | Standard | Grade | Yield | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | DIN 17100 | St44-2 | 275 | Superseded by S275JR | | BS 4360 | 43A / 43B | 275 | Superseded | | ISO 630 | Fe 430 B | 275 | — | | ASTM | A572 Gr. 42 | 290 | Near; slightly higher yield | | JIS G3101 | SS400 | 245 | Lower yield, often accepted | | GOST | St4sp | 265 | CIS specs | ### Weight chart | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 500 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 000 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 500 × 12 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 6 mm | 47.1 | 424 | 565 | 1 413 | | 8 mm | 62.8 | 565 | 754 | 1 884 | | 10 mm | 78.5 | 707 | 942 | 2 355 | | 12 mm | 94.2 | 848 | 1 130 | 2 826 | | 15 mm | 118 | 1 060 | 1 413 | 3 533 | | 20 mm | 157 | 1 413 | 1 884 | 4 710 | | 25 mm | 196 | 1 766 | 2 355 | 5 888 | | 30 mm | 236 | 2 120 | 2 826 | 7 065 | | 40 mm | 314 | 2 826 | 3 768 | 9 420 | | 50 mm | 393 | 3 533 | 4 710 | 11 775 | ### Processing Laser (to 25 mm), plasma (to 80 mm) and flame cutting to DXF; bevelling, drilling, shot-blast Sa 2½ and shop primer; plate rolling into shells. Base-plate and gusset kits for steel buildings are nested, cut, drilled and labelled per drawing. ### S275JR price per ton S275JR is quoted per mill lot at a small premium (1–3%) over the S235JR band shown on the S235JR plate page; ask for the current figure for your thickness mix. Cutting and priming are priced per piece. - S275JR · 6–50 mm: on request / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Packs to 5 t on skids; 6 m plate in 40' HC, 12 m by flat-rack or breakbulk. HS code 7208.51/.52. - Moq: 1 × 20' (≈20 t) or 1 truck; breakbulk from 100 t - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus - Lead: Common sizes 5–10 working days; mill 3–5 weeks - Packing: Packs to 5 t on skids, strapped - Container: 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t · flat-rack / breakbulk for 12 m · truck 24 t - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1, CE, certificate of origin; 3.2 / UT / SASO / SONCAP on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight via London office ### Certificates EN 10204 3.1 per plate, CE per EN 10025, certificate of origin; 3.2, UT (EN 10160), SASO / SONCAP / COC / EAC on request. ### How to order Send thickness × width × length or the cutting list, quantity, surface and port; we reply within one working day with price, plate list and lead time. ### FAQ **What is the difference between S235JR and S275JR?** Yield strength: 235 vs 275 MPa (tensile 360–510 vs 410–560). Same weldability and price within 1–3%. S275 is chosen when the design uses fy = 275 or the spec calls for Grade 43 / ST44. **Is S275JR the same as ST44?** Yes — S275JR replaced DIN 17100 St44-2 (and BS 4360 43A) with the same 275 MPa yield; the EN grade adds the +20 °C impact requirement. **What is the ASTM equivalent of S275JR?** Closest is A572 Grade 42 (290 MPa); A36 (250 MPa) is below it. For Gulf projects specifying SS400, S275JR normally exceeds the requirement. **Can S275JR be welded without preheat?** Yes up to about 50 mm with CEV ≤ 0.40; standard SMAW / GMAW / SAW procedures for S235 apply. Preheat is only considered for very thick, highly restrained joints. **Do you stock S275JR?** Yes in the common thicknesses 6–25 mm; 30–50 mm and J0/J2 impact grades are ordered from the mill in 3–5 weeks. **Is S275JR more expensive than S235JR?** By 1–3% per ton on the same mill lot; it is often the better value where it removes a thickness step. ## ST44 Steel Plate URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/st44-steel-plate/ ST44 (St 44-2) survives on drawings from the 1980s and 1990s and in tenders across Iraq, Egypt and the Balkans. The plate you receive today is S275JR to EN 10025-2 — identical limits, new name. We roll or import it to order in 3–40 mm and cut it to your part list; if the schedule is tight we can substitute S355JR from stock at the same price band, which always satisfies an ST44 requirement. ### What is ST44 steel plate? ST44 is the DIN 17100 grade with a minimum tensile strength of 44 kp/mm² (about 430 MPa) and a minimum yield of 275 MPa in the -2 quality group (27 J at +20 °C). It became S275JR (material number 1.0044) under EN 10025-2. It was never a high-volume grade — most buyers jump from S235 straight to S355 — which is why ST44 is rarely on the shelf and is rolled or imported to order. The practical reason to specify it is a design code that lists 275 MPa as a class (older Iraqi, Egyptian and Soviet-derived specifications, and BS 4360 Grade 43 conversions), or a bolted joint where the bearing strength of S235 is a few percent short. In every other case S355JR, which we hold in stock, is a permitted and cheaper-per-strength substitute. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Mn | P | S | N | Cu | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | 0.21 (≤ 40 mm) | 1.50 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.012 | 0.55 | _Si not limited. CEV ≤ 0.40 up to 30 mm._ ### Mechanical properties | Thickness | Yield ReH min (MPa) | Tensile Rm (MPa) | Elongation A min | Impact KV | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | ≤ 16 mm | 275 | 410–560 | 23 % | 27 J at +20 °C | | > 16–40 mm | 265 | 410–560 | 23 % | 27 J at +20 °C | | > 40–63 mm | 255 | 410–560 | 22 % | 27 J at +20 °C | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | EN 10025-2 | S275JR (1.0044) | identical — current name | | DIN 17100 | ST44-2 | withdrawn | | BS 4360 | 43B | historic UK grade | | ASTM | A36 (near) / A572 Gr. 42 | A572-42 = 290 MPa | | JIS G3101 | SS400 / SM400B | SM400B has 0 °C impact | | GB/T 700 | Q275B | | ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 3–6 mm | 1 500 × 6 000 | to order (sheet from coil) | | 8–20 mm | 1 500 / 2 000 × 6 000 | to order 1–3 weeks | | 25–40 mm | 2 000 × 6 000 | to order 2–4 weeks | | any | S355JR from stock as substitute | 3–5 days | ### Weight per m² and per plate | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 500 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 000 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 500 × 12 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 3 mm | 23.6 | 212 | 283 | 707 | | 4 mm | 31.4 | 283 | 377 | 942 | | 5 mm | 39.3 | 353 | 471 | 1 178 | | 6 mm | 47.1 | 424 | 565 | 1 413 | | 8 mm | 62.8 | 565 | 754 | 1 884 | | 10 mm | 78.5 | 707 | 942 | 2 355 | | 12 mm | 94.2 | 848 | 1 130 | 2 826 | | 15 mm | 117.8 | 1 060 | 1 413 | 3 533 | | 20 mm | 157.0 | 1 413 | 1 884 | 4 710 | | 25 mm | 196.3 | 1 766 | 2 355 | 5 888 | | 30 mm | 235.5 | 2 120 | 2 826 | 7 065 | | 40 mm | 314.0 | 2 826 | 3 768 | 9 420 | _Nominal weights — mill tolerance to EN 10029 class A adds up to +4 % on thin plate; invoiced on theoretical weight unless agreed otherwise._ ### Welding, cutting and forming With a carbon equivalent of at most 0.40, ST44 / S275JR welds without preheat up to about 30 mm and with 50–75 °C preheat beyond that on restrained joints. Use E42 or E46 electrodes, G3Si1 or G4Si1 wire; the weld metal over-matches the plate. Cold bending: inside radius 1 × t transverse, 1.5 × t longitudinal; rolling to 10 × t. Plasma to 40 mm, laser to 20 mm, oxy-fuel above. The higher carbon window (0.21 max) compared with S235 rarely matters in practice because Turkish heats run 0.12–0.16. ### Where it is used - Beams and columns where S235 is 5–15 % short on strength - Crane-runway stiffeners and rail seats - Machine bases and press frames - Bolted connections needing higher bearing strength - Bridge secondary members to older 275 MPa codes - Heavy doors, gates and mining screens ### ST44 vs ST52 — is the middle grade worth it ST44 (S275JR) gives 275 MPa, ST52 (S355) gives 355 MPa — 29 % more — for a price difference of only 3–5 % per ton in our list. Because ST52 is stocked and ST44 is not, a project that can accept the higher grade gets faster delivery and lower cost per unit of strength. ST44 is worth specifying only when a code or an existing design fixes the grade, or when the extra hardness of S355 would complicate a forming operation. Compare with S355JR plate. ### Price ST44 / S275JR carries a small grade premium of about 20 USD/t over S235JR in our list — the band below adds it to the monthly hot-rolled plate range. Small lots below 10 t are quoted at the S355JR stock price when substitution is accepted. - ST44 / S275JR · 3–40 mm: USD 675–825 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing We ship ST44 steel plate in strapped skid packs up to 5 t, each plate stencilled with its heat number so the certificate can be matched at the receiving end. Six-metre plate loads 24–25 t into a 40' HC. Plates longer than 6 m or heavier packs are booked on flat-racks or as breakbulk cargo out of Derince. Tariff heading 7208.51 / 7208.52. - Moq: 10 t of one thickness - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: To order 1–3 weeks; S355JR substitute from stock 3–5 days - Packing: Skids up to 5 t, strapped, edge protectors - Container: 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t of 6 m plate - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing ST44 steel plate ships with EN 10204 3.1 certificates cross-referenced to the stencilled heat numbers. Where the project requires it we arrange 3.2 certification with Lloyd's, BV, TÜV or SGS, ultrasonic examination to EN 10160 and Charpy testing at the temperature you specify. ### How to order Give thickness × width × length and tonnage, the certificate level (3.1 standard) and whether S355JR may be substituted; we confirm mill delivery date or immediate stock alternative within one working day. ### FAQ **Is ST44 the same as S275JR?** Yes — ST44-2 (DIN 17100) and S275JR (EN 10025-2, 1.0044) are the same 275 MPa structural steel with 27 J impact at +20 °C; DIN 17100 was withdrawn in 2004. **What is the difference between ST44 and ST52?** Yield 275 vs 355 MPa and tensile 410–560 vs 470–630 MPa; ST52 is about 29 % stronger, welds equally well and costs only a few percent more per ton, which is why it is stocked and ST44 is made to order. **Can S355JR replace ST44?** In almost every structural case yes — it exceeds every ST44 property. Confirm with the designer if the part is formed heavily, since S355 is slightly harder to bend. **What is the ASTM equivalent of ST44?** ASTM A572 Grade 42 (290 MPa) is the nearest; A36 (250 MPa) is often accepted as a substitute in tenders. **What is the lead time for ST44 plate from Turkey?** 1–3 weeks for 3–20 mm and 2–4 weeks for 25–40 mm from the mill programme; S355JR substitute ships from stock in 3–5 days. ## S355 Steel Plate (JR, J0, J2) URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/s355-plate/ S355 is the structural steel of primary members: 355 MPa yield, 470–630 MPa tensile, 20–22% elongation. JR, J0 and J2 differ only in the temperature of the 27 J impact test (+20 / 0 / −20 °C); J2+N (normalized) is what EN 1090 EXC3, crane and offshore specifications call for. Old name ST52-3, US equivalent A572 Grade 50. Stocked 6–100 mm, processed to drawing in Dilovası. ### S355JR vs S355J0 vs S355J2 — which to specify The rule: JR for indoor and warm-climate structures where the spec allows; J2 when the engineer writes EN 1993 with fracture-toughness requirements (EN 1993-1-10), for anything lifted or dynamic (cranes, trailers, mining), and for Kazakhstan, Balkan and northern EU winters. J2+N is the export standard for thick plate because normalizing refines the grain and guarantees the impact values through the thickness. | Grade | Impact test | Delivery | Typical spec | Price vs JR | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | S355JR | 27 J at +20 °C | As rolled | General structures in mild climates, secondary members | 1.00 | | S355J0 | 27 J at 0 °C | As rolled / +AR | Buildings in EU/Gulf, bridges (secondary) | 1.01–1.02 | | S355J2 | 27 J at −20 °C | As rolled or +N | Primary members, cranes, EN 1090 EXC2/3, cold regions | 1.02–1.04 | | S355J2+N | 27 J at −20 °C | Normalized | Offshore, wind towers, heavy welded structures, pressure parts | 1.05–1.08 | | S355K2 | 40 J at −20 °C | +N | Heavy plate, high restraint welds | 1.06–1.10 | ### Which S355 do you need? JR, J0, J2, K2, +N, NL S355 is one strength class with several toughness and delivery classes, and each has its own page with full tables: S355JR (27 J at +20 °C, the workshop grade), S355J0 (0 °C), S355J2 (−20 °C, the stock grade for welded structures), S355J2+N (normalised heavy plate), S355K2 (40 J at −20 °C), S355NL and S355ML (−50 °C fine-grain), and the DIN name ST52. If the drawing says only S355, order J2. ### Mechanical properties by thickness | Thickness | Yield min (MPa) | Tensile (MPa) | Elongation min | CEV max | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | ≤ 16 mm | 355 | 470–630 | 22% | 0.45 | | 16 – 40 mm | 345 | 470–630 | 22% | 0.45 | | 40 – 63 mm | 335 | 470–630 | 21% | 0.47 | | 63 – 80 mm | 325 | 470–630 | 21% | 0.47 | | 80 – 100 mm | 315 | 470–630 | 21% | 0.47 | _Chemistry: C ≤ 0.20 (0.22 > 30 mm), Mn ≤ 1.60, Si ≤ 0.55, P/S ≤ 0.025 (J2). Full tables on steelstandart.com._ ### Equivalents: ST52-3, A572 Grade 50, SM490 | Standard | Grade | Yield | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | DIN 17100 | St52-3 (N / U) | 355 | Superseded by S355J2 (N) / J0 (U) | | ASTM | A572 Gr. 50 | 345 | Dual-certified on many heats | | ASTM | A992 | 345–450 | Shapes; plate by A572 | | JIS G3106 | SM490A/B/C | 325 | Welded structures | | GOST 19281 | 17G1S / 09G2S | 325–345 | CIS specs; 09G2S ≈ S355J2 | | BS 4360 | 50B / 50D | 355 | Superseded; 50D ≈ J2 | ### Weight chart | Thickness | kg/m² | 2 000 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 500 × 12 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 6 mm | 47.1 | 565 | 1 413 | | 8 mm | 62.8 | 754 | 1 884 | | 10 mm | 78.5 | 942 | 2 355 | | 12 mm | 94.2 | 1 130 | 2 826 | | 15 mm | 118 | 1 413 | 3 533 | | 20 mm | 157 | 1 884 | 4 710 | | 25 mm | 196 | 2 355 | 5 888 | | 30 mm | 236 | 2 826 | 7 065 | | 40 mm | 314 | 3 768 | 9 420 | | 50 mm | 393 | 4 710 | 11 775 | | 60 mm | 471 | 5 652 | 14 130 | | 80 mm | 628 | 7 536 | 18 840 | | 100 mm | 785 | 9 420 | 23 550 | ### Welding and forming S355 CEV ≤ 0.45 (≤ 40 mm): weld with E42/E46 (ISO 2560) or ER70S-6 consumables, no preheat below 25 mm, 75–100 °C preheat from 40 mm or in high restraint; J2 requires matching-toughness consumables. Cold bending inside radius ≥ 2t transverse, 3t longitudinal to the rolling direction; flame-cut edges of J2 plate can be used as-cut for EXC2. Normalized (+N) plate stays flat after cutting — important for laser-cut crane parts. ### Applications - Primary beams and columns fabricated from plate (welded I-girders, box columns) - Crane girders, jib and boom plates, mining and quarry equipment - Trailer chassis, tipper bodies (S355MC for cold forming — see HSLA page) - Wind-tower flanges and shells (J2+N, K2+N with UT) - Bridge and pipeline plate (J2+N) - Base plates, thick gussets, lifting lugs ### Processing Plasma to 80 mm and flame above, laser to 25 mm; bevelling; drilling; shot-blast Sa 2½ and shop primer; plate rolling (to 40 mm) into shells; UT to EN 10160 S1/E1 for lifting and crane parts. Nested kits ship labelled to the drawing. ### S355 plate price per ton S355JR/J2 is priced per mill lot, typically 4–8% above the S235JR band on the S235JR plate page, with +N and thicknesses over 50 mm at the top of that range; cutting, UT and priming per piece. Ask for the current figure for your thickness mix. - S355JR · 6–50 mm: on request / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - S355J2+N · 6–100 mm: on request / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Packs to 5 t on skids; 6 m plate in 40' HC (24–25 t), 12 m and heavy plate by flat-rack or breakbulk from Derince. HS code 7208.51. - Moq: 1 × 20' or 1 truck; breakbulk from 100 t - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul / Derince · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock 5–10 working days; +N and thick plate 4–6 weeks - Packing: Packs to 5 t on skids, strapped - Container: 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t · flat-rack / breakbulk for 12 m and >5 t plates · truck 24 t - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1/3.2, UT report, CE, certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / COC / EAC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight via London office ### Certificates EN 10204 3.1 per plate with impact values, 3.2 with third-party inspector, UT EN 10160, CE per EN 10025, certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / COC / EAC on request. ### How to order Send grade (JR/J0/J2, +N), thickness × width × length or DXF, quantity, tests (UT, 3.2), surface and port; we reply within one working day. ### FAQ **What is the difference between S355JR and S355J2?** Only the impact-test temperature: JR 27 J at +20 °C, J2 27 J at −20 °C (J0 at 0 °C). J2 is required for primary members, dynamic loads and cold climates and costs 2–4% more. **Is S355 the same as ST52?** Yes — DIN St52-3 became S355J2 (St52-3N) / S355J0 (St52-3U). ASTM A572 Grade 50 is the US equivalent with 345 MPa yield. **What does +N mean?** Normalized: heated to about 900 °C and air-cooled after rolling to refine the grain, giving guaranteed toughness through the thickness and better flatness after cutting. Specified for thick plate, offshore, wind and crane work. **Can S355 be welded like S235?** With the same processes; below 25 mm no preheat, from 40 mm or in high restraint 75–100 °C preheat, and matching-toughness consumables for J2. CEV ≤ 0.45. **What thicknesses do you stock?** 6–50 mm in JR/J2 for the common sizes; 60–100 mm and +N/K2 grades from the mill in 4–6 weeks. **Is S355 more expensive than S235?** By 4–8% per ton, but a 355 MPa design usually saves 15–25% of the steel weight, so the structure is cheaper. **Do you supply UT-tested plate?** Yes — ultrasonic testing to EN 10160 (S1/E1 or S2/E2) for lifting, crane and pressure parts, with the report attached to the 3.1 or 3.2 certificate. ## ST52 Steel Plate URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/st52-steel-plate/ Ask for ST52 in Istanbul, Basra, Cairo or Belgrade and everybody knows what you mean: the strong structural plate, 50 % more yield than ST37, for crane beams, chassis and heavy frames. Since 2004 it is rolled as S355 to EN 10025-2 — J2 for the fully-killed −20 °C version that matches ST52-3 N, JR for the room-temperature version. We ship both from stock and mark the packing list ST52 if your paperwork needs it. ### What is ST52 steel plate? ST52 is DIN 17100's 52 kp/mm² (≈ 510 MPa) tensile class with 355 MPa minimum yield — the workhorse high-strength structural steel. The suffix mattered: ST52-3 N was normalised or normalised-rolled, fully killed, with 27 J at −20 °C, and maps to S355J2 (or S355J2+N when normalised delivery is required); ST52-3 U was the as-rolled version with 27 J at 0 °C, today's S355J0. There was no ST52 with only a room-temperature test, but the market has stretched the name to cover S355JR as well, so an "ST52" enquiry must be pinned down: if the plate will be welded in heavy sections or used outdoors in winter, or if the drawing says ST52-3 N, order S355J2; if it is a general fabrication in a warm workshop, S355JR is cheaper and in stock. The chemistry is the same family — up to 0.20–0.24 % C, 1.60 % Mn, 0.55 % Si — and the mechanical values in the table below apply to all three. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cu | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | 0.20 (≤ 30 mm) | 0.55 | 1.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.55 | _S355JR allows C 0.24, P/S 0.035 and N 0.012; S355J0 C 0.20, P/S 0.030. CEV ≤ 0.45 up to 30 mm, 0.47 to 40 mm._ ### Mechanical properties | Thickness | Yield ReH min (MPa) | Tensile Rm (MPa) | Elongation A min | Impact KV (JR / J0 / J2) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | ≤ 16 mm | 355 | 470–630 | 22 % | 27 J at +20 / 0 / −20 °C | | > 16–40 mm | 345 | 470–630 | 22 % | 27 J | | > 40–63 mm | 335 | 470–630 | 21 % | 27 J | | > 63–80 mm | 325 | 470–630 | 20 % | 27 J | | > 80–100 mm | 315 | 470–630 | 20 % | 27 J | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | EN 10025-2 | S355J2 (1.0577) | ST52-3 N | | EN 10025-2 | S355J0 (1.0553) | ST52-3 U | | EN 10025-2 | S355JR (1.0045) | market "ST52" | | ASTM | A572 Gr. 50 | 345 MPa yield | | JIS G3106 | SM490B / SM490C | | | GB/T 1591 | Q355B / Q355D | D = −20 °C | | BS 4360 | 50B / 50D | historic | ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 3–5 mm | 1 500 × 6 000 | to order (sheet) | | 6–20 mm | 1 500 / 2 000 × 6 000 | stock — S355JR and S355J2 | | 25–30 mm | 2 000 × 6 000 | stock — S355J2 | | 40–100 mm | 2 000–2 500 × 6 000–12 000 | to order 2–4 weeks (S355J2+N) | ### Weight per m² and per plate | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 500 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 000 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 500 × 12 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 3 mm | 23.6 | 212 | 283 | 707 | | 4 mm | 31.4 | 283 | 377 | 942 | | 5 mm | 39.3 | 353 | 471 | 1 178 | | 6 mm | 47.1 | 424 | 565 | 1 413 | | 8 mm | 62.8 | 565 | 754 | 1 884 | | 10 mm | 78.5 | 707 | 942 | 2 355 | | 12 mm | 94.2 | 848 | 1 130 | 2 826 | | 15 mm | 117.8 | 1 060 | 1 413 | 3 533 | | 20 mm | 157.0 | 1 413 | 1 884 | 4 710 | | 25 mm | 196.3 | 1 766 | 2 355 | 5 888 | | 30 mm | 235.5 | 2 120 | 2 826 | 7 065 | | 40 mm | 314.0 | 2 826 | 3 768 | 9 420 | | 50 mm | 392.5 | 3 533 | 4 710 | 11 775 | | 60 mm | 471.0 | 4 239 | 5 652 | 14 130 | | 80 mm | 628.0 | 5 652 | 7 536 | 18 840 | | 100 mm | 785.0 | 7 065 | 9 420 | 23 550 | _Nominal weights — mill tolerance to EN 10029 class A adds up to +4 % on thin plate; invoiced on theoretical weight unless agreed otherwise._ ### Welding, cutting and forming ST52 / S355 welds well but not carelessly: CEV up to 0.45 means preheat 75–100 °C above 25 mm, or above 12 mm on restrained, multi-pass or wet-site joints, and low-hydrogen consumables (E50 basic rods, G4Si1 / G46 wire) as standard. Keep heat input moderate to preserve the −20 °C toughness of J2 in the HAZ. Cold bending needs an inside radius of 1.5–2 × t transverse; rolling to 12 × t. Laser cuts to 20 mm, plasma to 50 mm, oxy-fuel beyond; flame-cut edges on thick plate are hard — grind before welding on dynamic structures. Hardness after forming makes S355 the practical upper limit for shop-bent plate before you move to normalised or QT grades. ### Where it is used - Crane beams, columns and runway girders - Truck, trailer and construction-machine chassis - Press tables, die sets and machine frames - Seismic-code primary members (Turkey, Balkans, Iraq) - Bridges and viaducts (J2 / +N) - Offshore and port equipment, heavy lifting gear ### ST52 vs S355J2 vs S355JR — which one to order They are one strength class with three toughness levels. S355J2 is the true ST52-3 N: fully killed, 27 J at −20 °C, the grade for welded heavy structures, cold climates and anything certified to Eurocode 3 execution class 3. S355J0 (0 °C) is the compromise for mild outdoor use. S355JR (+20 °C) is the economy version for workshop fabrication. Price steps are small — J2 costs about 10 USD/t more than JR in our list — so when in doubt order J2: it satisfies every ST52 specification. Dedicated pages: S355JR, S355J0, S355J2, S355J2+N. ### Price ST52 is priced as S355: our list adds about 70 USD/t (JR) or 80 USD/t (J2) to the S235JR base. The bands below show both. Thicknesses above 40 mm and +N delivery are quoted separately as they come from the mill programme. - ST52-3 N = S355J2 · 6–30 mm: USD 735–885 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - ST52 = S355JR · 6–20 mm: USD 725–875 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Packing for ST52 steel plate: plates banded on hardwood skids (max 5 t per pack), edges protected, heat numbers marked; A 40' HC takes 24–25 t of 6 m plate. Over-length plate is loaded flat-rack, and heavy plate above 25 t per piece travels breakbulk from Derince. HS 7208.51 / 7208.52. - Moq: 5 t of one thickness - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock 6–30 mm: 3–7 working days; 3–100 mm to order 2–4 weeks - Packing: Skids up to 5 t, strapped; heavy plate loose on bearers - Container: 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t of 6 m plate; 12 m by flat-rack - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing Documentation for ST52 steel plate: EN 10204 3.1 mill certificate as standard (heat number, analysis, tensile, Charpy, condition); 3.2 with an independent inspector, EN 10160 UT reports and additional low-temperature Charpy tests are available on plates above 8 mm at order. ### How to order Tell us which ST52 you need — J2 (ST52-3 N), J0 (ST52-3 U) or JR — plus thickness × width × length and tonnage. If the drawing only says ST52, we quote S355J2 by default and offer S355JR as the lower-cost option. ### FAQ **Is ST52 the same as S355?** Yes. ST52-3 (DIN 17100) is the old name of the 355 MPa structural grade now certified to EN 10025-2 as S355J2 (ST52-3 N, −20 °C impact) or S355J0 (ST52-3 U, 0 °C); the market also calls S355JR "ST52". **What is the difference between ST52-3 N and ST52-3 U?** N = normalised, fully killed, 27 J at −20 °C → S355J2; U = as-rolled, 27 J at 0 °C → S355J0. Strength and chemistry class are the same. **What is the ASTM equivalent of ST52?** ASTM A572 Grade 50 (345 MPa yield, 450 MPa tensile) is the usual equivalent; for pressure parts compare with A516 Gr. 70 instead. **Does ST52 need preheating for welding?** Above 25 mm, or above 12 mm on restrained joints and in cold or wet conditions, preheat to 75–100 °C and use low-hydrogen consumables; thin plate welds without preheat. **How much stronger is ST52 than ST37?** 355 vs 235 MPa yield — 51 % more — and 470–630 vs 360–510 MPa tensile; the price difference is about 10 % per ton. **What ST52 thicknesses are in stock in Turkey?** 6–30 mm S355J2 and 6–20 mm S355JR at Dilovası in 1 500 / 2 000 × 6 000 mm; 3–5 mm and 40–100 mm to order in 2–4 weeks. ## S355JR Steel Plate URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/s355jr-steel-plate/ S355JR is what most fabricators mean by "S355 plate": the same strength as J2, the same chemistry family, tested for impact at room temperature instead of −20 °C — and therefore a little cheaper and more often in stock. If your structure lives indoors or in a warm climate and the code does not call for a lower test temperature, JR is the right buy. ### What is S355JR steel plate? S355JR is the unalloyed structural steel of EN 10025-2 with 355 MPa minimum yield strength in the JR impact class — 27 J of Charpy V-notch energy at +20 °C, longitudinal. The letters decode as S (structural), 355 (ReH in MPa for t ≤ 16 mm) and JR (J = 27 J, R = room temperature). It is delivered as-rolled (+AR) or normalised-rolled (+N) at the mill's choice, semi-killed or killed; the certificate states the condition. Compared with the older DIN world it is the room-temperature member of the ST52 family, which strictly had no such class — one reason JR is sometimes refused where a drawing says ST52-3. Turkish mills (Erdemir, İsdemir, Çolakoğlu, Tosyalı) roll it in 1.5–100 mm; the 6–20 mm range in 1 500 and 2 000 mm widths is our stock item. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | N | Cu | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | 0.24 (≤ 30 mm) | 0.55 | 1.60 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.012 | 0.55 | _C 0.24 above 30 mm as well; typical heats C 0.14–0.18, Mn 1.20–1.45. CEV max 0.45 (≤ 30 mm), 0.47 (30–40 mm)._ ### Mechanical properties | Thickness | Yield ReH min (MPa) | Tensile Rm (MPa) | Elongation A min | Impact KV (long.) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | ≤ 16 mm | 355 | 470–630 | 22 % | 27 J at +20 °C | | > 16–40 mm | 345 | 470–630 | 22 % | 27 J at +20 °C | | > 40–63 mm | 335 | 470–630 | 21 % | 27 J at +20 °C | | > 63–80 mm | 325 | 470–630 | 20 % | 27 J at +20 °C | | > 80–100 mm | 315 | 470–630 | 20 % | 27 J at +20 °C | | 3 mm sheet | 355 | 470–630 | 18 % (A80) | — | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | DIN 17100 | ST52-3 (loosely) | no exact JR class existed | | ASTM | A572 Gr. 50 | 345 MPa; A992 for shapes | | JIS G3106 | SM490A | no impact spec | | GB/T 1591 | Q355B | +20 °C impact | | BS 4360 | 50B | historic | | ISO 630 | E355B | | ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 3–5 mm | 1 250 / 1 500 × 2 500–6 000 | to order (sheet from coil) | | 6–12 mm | 1 500 / 2 000 × 6 000 | stock | | 15–20 mm | 2 000 × 6 000 | stock | | 25–50 mm | 2 000 × 6 000 | to order 2–4 weeks (or S355J2 from stock) | ### Weight per m² and per plate | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 500 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 000 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 500 × 12 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 3 mm | 23.6 | 212 | 283 | 707 | | 4 mm | 31.4 | 283 | 377 | 942 | | 5 mm | 39.3 | 353 | 471 | 1 178 | | 6 mm | 47.1 | 424 | 565 | 1 413 | | 8 mm | 62.8 | 565 | 754 | 1 884 | | 10 mm | 78.5 | 707 | 942 | 2 355 | | 12 mm | 94.2 | 848 | 1 130 | 2 826 | | 15 mm | 117.8 | 1 060 | 1 413 | 3 533 | | 20 mm | 157.0 | 1 413 | 1 884 | 4 710 | | 25 mm | 196.3 | 1 766 | 2 355 | 5 888 | | 30 mm | 235.5 | 2 120 | 2 826 | 7 065 | | 40 mm | 314.0 | 2 826 | 3 768 | 9 420 | | 50 mm | 392.5 | 3 533 | 4 710 | 11 775 | _Nominal weights — mill tolerance to EN 10029 class A adds up to +4 % on thin plate; invoiced on theoretical weight unless agreed otherwise._ ### Welding, cutting and forming Weld S355JR with low-hydrogen consumables (E50 basic, G46 / G4Si1 wire); no preheat below 20 mm in a dry shop, 75 °C above 25 mm or on restrained joints. Because the toughness guarantee is only at +20 °C, do not use JR for welded structures that will see freezing temperatures under load — the heat-affected zone can drop below acceptable toughness. Cold bending 1.5 × t transverse, 2 × t longitudinal minimum inside radius; hot forming above 900 °C followed by normalising if properties must be retained. Laser to 20 mm, plasma to 40 mm. ### Where it is used - Machine frames, press bodies and equipment bases - Truck, trailer and agricultural chassis - Indoor steel structures and mezzanines - Platforms, walkways and handling equipment - Formwork, scaffolding and construction fittings - Flame-cut parts: gussets, stiffeners, base plates ### S355JR vs S355J2 Identical strength (355 / 470–630 MPa) and near-identical chemistry; the difference is the impact test temperature — +20 °C for JR, −20 °C for J2 — and J2's tighter P and S (0.025 vs 0.035) and mandatory killed practice. J2 costs about 10 USD/t more in our list. Choose JR for indoor, static, room-temperature service; choose S355J2 for outdoor, dynamic, thick or cold-climate welded structures and whenever the drawing says ST52-3 N or EN 1993 execution class 3. ### Price S355JR is our second most traded plate after S235JR; it carries a premium of about 70 USD/t on the base list. The band below is the month's indicative FOB Istanbul range for the 6–20 mm stock. Laser and plasma cutting, drilling and priming are quoted per part. - S355JR · 6–20 mm: USD 725–875 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Export packing of S355JR steel plate is by skid: up to 5 t per pack, steel straps, corner boards, stencilled heat numbers and a pack list that references the 3.1 certificates. One 40' HC carries 24–25 t of 6 m plate; short plate goes 20 t to a 20'. Long and heavy plate is shipped flat-rack or breakbulk via Derince. HS code 7208.51 / 7208.52. - Moq: 5 t of one thickness - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock 6–20 mm: 3–7 working days; other thicknesses 2–4 weeks - Packing: Skids up to 5 t, strapped, edge protectors - Container: 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t of 6 m plate - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing Every lot of S355JR steel plate carries an EN 10204 3.1 inspection certificate listing heat, chemistry, mechanical and impact results. On request we add 3.2 witnessing by a classification society or inspector, EN 10160 ultrasonic testing and supplementary impact tests at the customer's design temperature. ### How to order Send thickness × width × length and tonnage or a cut list (DXF welcome). State if +N delivery or a 3.2 certificate is required — both are available on the mill programme. ### FAQ **What is S355JR steel?** An unalloyed structural steel to EN 10025-2 with 355 MPa minimum yield, 470–630 MPa tensile and 27 J Charpy impact at +20 °C; material number 1.0045. **What is the difference between S355JR and S355J2?** Only the impact test temperature (+20 °C vs −20 °C), tighter phosphorus/sulphur in J2 and killed practice; strength is the same. J2 is required for cold-climate and heavy welded structures. **What is the ASTM equivalent of S355JR?** ASTM A572 Grade 50 (345 MPa yield, 450 MPa min tensile) is the closest; A992 for rolled shapes. **Is S355JR the same as ST52?** The market uses ST52 for S355JR, but DIN ST52-3 strictly corresponds to S355J0 (U) or S355J2 (N). If a drawing says ST52-3 N, order S355J2. **What thickness of S355JR can be cut by laser?** Up to 20 mm on our fibre lasers with an oxide-free edge; 20–50 mm by plasma, thicker by oxy-fuel. **How much does a 10 mm S355JR plate weigh?** 78.5 kg per m²; 942 kg for 2 000 × 6 000 mm. ## S355J0 Steel Plate URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/s355j0-steel-plate/ J0 is the grade between the two everyone stocks. It appears in Eurocode-based designs for exposed steelwork in the Mediterranean and Gulf, in wind-turbine and telecom towers, and in tenders that copied a German specification with ST52-3 U. We supply it from the Turkish mill programme in 1–3 weeks, or substitute S355J2 immediately from Dilovası — J2 exceeds J0 in every respect. ### What is S355J0 steel plate? S355J0 is the 355 MPa structural grade of EN 10025-2 tested for 27 J Charpy energy at 0 °C — the middle of the JR / J0 / J2 toughness ladder. Its chemistry sits between the two neighbours as well: carbon 0.20 % max like J2, phosphorus and sulphur 0.030 % (JR 0.035, J2 0.025), nitrogen limited to 0.012 %. The 0 °C requirement is what a temperate outdoor structure needs: Eurocode 3 part 1-10 selects the impact class from the lowest service temperature, plate thickness and stress level, and for many exposed members in southern Europe, Turkey and the Middle East the answer is J0. In DIN terms it is the direct successor of ST52-3 U (unberuhigt = not fully killed, though today it is killed anyway). Mills roll J0 only against orders, which is why it is a 1–3 week item; the technically superior J2 sits in our stock at a 10 USD/t difference and can replace it without a deviation. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | N | Cu | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | 0.20 (≤ 30 mm) | 0.55 | 1.60 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 0.012 | 0.55 | _C 0.22 above 30 mm. CEV max 0.45 (≤ 30 mm), 0.47 (30–40 mm), 0.49 (40–150 mm)._ ### Mechanical properties | Thickness | Yield ReH min (MPa) | Tensile Rm (MPa) | Elongation A min | Impact KV (long.) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | ≤ 16 mm | 355 | 470–630 | 22 % | 27 J at 0 °C | | > 16–40 mm | 345 | 470–630 | 22 % | 27 J at 0 °C | | > 40–63 mm | 335 | 470–630 | 21 % | 27 J at 0 °C | | > 63–80 mm | 325 | 470–630 | 20 % | 27 J at 0 °C | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | DIN 17100 | ST52-3 U | direct predecessor | | ASTM | A572 Gr. 50 (with 0 °C CVN) | impact by supplementary req. | | JIS G3106 | SM490B | 0 °C, 27 J | | GB/T 1591 | Q355C | C = 0 °C | | BS 4360 | 50C | historic | | ISO 630 | E355C | | ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 5–12 mm | 1 500 / 2 000 × 6 000 | to order 1–3 weeks | | 15–40 mm | 2 000 / 2 500 × 6 000–12 000 | to order 1–3 weeks | | 50–80 mm | 2 000–2 500 × 6 000–12 000 | to order 3–4 weeks | | any | S355J2 from stock as substitute | 3–7 days | ### Weight per m² and per plate | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 500 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 000 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 500 × 12 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 5 mm | 39.3 | 353 | 471 | 1 178 | | 6 mm | 47.1 | 424 | 565 | 1 413 | | 8 mm | 62.8 | 565 | 754 | 1 884 | | 10 mm | 78.5 | 707 | 942 | 2 355 | | 12 mm | 94.2 | 848 | 1 130 | 2 826 | | 15 mm | 117.8 | 1 060 | 1 413 | 3 533 | | 20 mm | 157.0 | 1 413 | 1 884 | 4 710 | | 25 mm | 196.3 | 1 766 | 2 355 | 5 888 | | 30 mm | 235.5 | 2 120 | 2 826 | 7 065 | | 40 mm | 314.0 | 2 826 | 3 768 | 9 420 | | 50 mm | 392.5 | 3 533 | 4 710 | 11 775 | | 60 mm | 471.0 | 4 239 | 5 652 | 14 130 | | 80 mm | 628.0 | 5 652 | 7 536 | 18 840 | _Nominal weights — mill tolerance to EN 10029 class A adds up to +4 % on thin plate; invoiced on theoretical weight unless agreed otherwise._ ### Welding, cutting and forming Same rules as the rest of the S355 family: basic low-hydrogen consumables, preheat 75–100 °C above 25 mm or on restrained joints, controlled heat input (max 2.5 kJ/mm on thin plate) to keep HAZ toughness. The 0 °C guarantee is only meaningful if the welded joint retains it — qualify the procedure with Charpy tests at 0 °C on the HAZ for towers and bridges. Forming: 1.5–2 × t inside radius cold; normalise after hot forming. Cutting as for S355J2. ### Where it is used - Exposed steel structures in temperate climates (EN 1993-1-10 selection) - Wind-turbine and telecom towers, lattice masts - Bridge secondary members and bearings plates - Port cranes and outdoor conveyors - Tenders specifying ST52-3 U - Storage tanks (non-pressure) in outdoor service ### S355J0 vs S355J2 Both are 355 MPa killed steels; J2 is tested 20 °C colder (−20 °C) and has tighter P/S (0.025). In service that means J2 is safe for continental winters and thick welded sections, J0 for coastal and Mediterranean winters. Our list prices J0 above JR by 20 USD/t and J2 a further 10 USD/t below J0 in practice because J2 is stocked — so unless the specification forbids a higher class, S355J2 is both the safer and the faster choice. ### Price S355J0 is a made-to-order grade; the band below applies our platform's J0 premium to the monthly plate range. For lots under 10 t we quote S355J2 from stock instead, which is normally cheaper and immediate. - S355J0 · 5–80 mm: USD 745–895 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Export packing of S355J0 steel plate is by skid: up to 5 t per pack, steel straps, corner boards, stencilled heat numbers and a pack list that references the 3.1 certificates. One 40' HC carries 24–25 t of 6 m plate; short plate goes 20 t to a 20'. Long and heavy plate is shipped flat-rack or breakbulk via Derince. HS code 7208.51 / 7208.52. - Moq: 10 t of one thickness - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: To order 1–3 weeks; S355J2 substitute from stock 3–7 days - Packing: Skids up to 5 t, strapped - Container: 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t of 6 m plate; 12 m flat-rack - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing Documentation for S355J0 steel plate: EN 10204 3.1 mill certificate as standard (heat number, analysis, tensile, Charpy, condition); 3.2 with an independent inspector, EN 10160 UT reports and additional low-temperature Charpy tests are available on plates above 8 mm at order. ### How to order State whether S355J2 is acceptable as a substitute (it exceeds J0). Otherwise send sizes and tonnage; mill lead time is confirmed within one working day. ### FAQ **What does J0 mean in S355J0?** J = 27 J minimum Charpy V-notch energy, 0 = test temperature 0 °C. JR is +20 °C and J2 is −20 °C. **Is S355J0 the same as ST52-3 U?** Yes — S355J0 (EN 10025-2, 1.0553) replaced DIN 17100 ST52-3 U, the as-rolled 0 °C version of ST52. **Can S355J2 replace S355J0?** Always — J2 meets every J0 requirement (lower test temperature, tighter chemistry). The reverse is not allowed. **What is the ASTM equivalent of S355J0?** ASTM A572 Grade 50 with a supplementary Charpy requirement at 0 °C (32 °F); without the supplement A572 has no impact guarantee. **What is the lead time for S355J0 plate?** 1–3 weeks from the Turkish mill programme for 5–40 mm, 3–4 weeks for 50–80 mm; S355J2 ships from stock in 3–7 days. ## S355J2 Steel Plate URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/s355j2-steel-plate/ When a structural engineer writes "S355" without thinking further, the plate that keeps them safe is S355J2: killed steel, phosphorus and sulphur under 0.025 %, 27 J at −20 °C, no surprises in the heat-affected zone. It costs a few dollars more than JR and is stocked in the sizes that matter — which is why most of our export plate orders from Iraq, the Gulf, Romania and Germany are J2. ### What is S355J2 steel plate? S355J2 is EN 10025-2's 355 MPa structural steel with 27 J Charpy impact energy at −20 °C — the J2 class — delivered fully killed (Al ≥ 0.020 % or equivalent) with phosphorus and sulphur limited to 0.025 %. Material number 1.0577; with the +N suffix (normalised or normalised-rolled) it is the direct equivalent of DIN ST52-3 N, and the plate that BS 4360 50D users switched to. The −20 °C guarantee is not about Siberia: EN 1993-1-10 requires it for most welded members over about 20 mm even at moderate temperatures, because thickness and weld restraint raise the transition temperature. That is why J2 — not JR — is the grade behind bridges, crane girders, wind-tower flanges, heavy equipment and anything with a third-party design check. Turkish mills roll it in 3–150 mm; our stock covers 6–30 mm in 1 500, 2 000 and 2 500 mm widths. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cu | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | 0.20 (≤ 30 mm) / 0.22 | 0.55 | 1.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.55 | _Fully killed (Al ≥ 0.020 % typical). CEV max 0.45 (≤ 30 mm), 0.47 (30–40 mm), 0.49 (40–150 mm). Typical heat: C 0.16, Mn 1.40, Si 0.30, CEV 0.41._ ### Mechanical properties | Thickness | Yield ReH min (MPa) | Tensile Rm (MPa) | Elongation A min | Impact KV (long.) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | ≤ 16 mm | 355 | 470–630 | 22 % | 27 J at −20 °C | | > 16–40 mm | 345 | 470–630 | 22 % | 27 J at −20 °C | | > 40–63 mm | 335 | 470–630 | 21 % | 27 J at −20 °C | | > 63–80 mm | 325 | 470–630 | 20 % | 27 J at −20 °C | | > 80–100 mm | 315 | 470–630 | 20 % | 27 J at −20 °C | | > 100–150 mm | 295 | 450–600 | 18 % | 27 J at −20 °C | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | DIN 17100 | ST52-3 N | direct predecessor (+N) | | ASTM | A572 Gr. 50 (CVN −20 °C) / A709 Gr. 50 | impact by supplement | | JIS G3106 | SM490C / SM490YB | | | GB/T 1591 | Q355D | D = −20 °C | | BS 4360 | 50D | historic | | ISO 630 | E355D | | | EN 10025-3 | S355N | normalised fine-grain, −20 °C | ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 3–5 mm | 1 500 × 6 000 | to order (sheet) | | 6–15 mm | 1 500 / 2 000 × 6 000 | stock | | 20–30 mm | 2 000 / 2 500 × 6 000 | stock | | 40–80 mm | 2 000–2 500 × 6 000–12 000 | to order 2–4 weeks, +N | | 100–150 mm | 2 000–2 500 × 6 000 | to order 3–5 weeks, +N, UT tested | ### Weight per m² and per plate | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 500 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 000 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 500 × 12 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 3 mm | 23.6 | 212 | 283 | 707 | | 4 mm | 31.4 | 283 | 377 | 942 | | 5 mm | 39.3 | 353 | 471 | 1 178 | | 6 mm | 47.1 | 424 | 565 | 1 413 | | 8 mm | 62.8 | 565 | 754 | 1 884 | | 10 mm | 78.5 | 707 | 942 | 2 355 | | 12 mm | 94.2 | 848 | 1 130 | 2 826 | | 15 mm | 117.8 | 1 060 | 1 413 | 3 533 | | 20 mm | 157.0 | 1 413 | 1 884 | 4 710 | | 25 mm | 196.3 | 1 766 | 2 355 | 5 888 | | 30 mm | 235.5 | 2 120 | 2 826 | 7 065 | | 40 mm | 314.0 | 2 826 | 3 768 | 9 420 | | 50 mm | 392.5 | 3 533 | 4 710 | 11 775 | | 60 mm | 471.0 | 4 239 | 5 652 | 14 130 | | 80 mm | 628.0 | 5 652 | 7 536 | 18 840 | | 100 mm | 785.0 | 7 065 | 9 420 | 23 550 | | 120 mm | 942.0 | 8 478 | 11 304 | 28 260 | | 150 mm | 1,177.5 | 10 598 | 14 130 | 35 325 | _Nominal weights — mill tolerance to EN 10029 class A adds up to +4 % on thin plate; invoiced on theoretical weight unless agreed otherwise._ ### Welding, cutting and forming S355J2 is designed to be welded: basic low-hydrogen consumables (E50 / G46), preheat 75–100 °C above 25 mm plate or on restrained multi-pass joints, interpass below 250 °C, heat input 1.0–2.5 kJ/mm to keep the −20 °C toughness through the HAZ. Above 50 mm and for Z-quality requirements (lamellar tearing on cruciform joints) order EN 10164 Z25 plate. Cold bending: inside radius 1.5 × t transverse, 2.5 × t longitudinal; hot forming at 900–1 000 °C then normalise. Flame-cut edges above 30 mm should be ground 1–2 mm on fatigue-loaded members. Laser to 20 mm, plasma to 50 mm. ### Where it is used - Bridges, viaducts and gantries (EN 1090 EXC3) - Crane girders, runway beams and lifting equipment - Wind-turbine towers, flanges and foundations - Offshore, port and dredging equipment - Heavy construction machinery and mining structures - Thick welded frames, press bodies and machine beds ### S355J2 vs S355K2 and S355J2+N S355K2 has the same chemistry and strength but 40 J instead of 27 J at −20 °C — asked for in dynamic, fatigue-loaded structures and cold regions (Kazakhstan, Scandinavia); we import it to order. S355J2+N is J2 delivered normalised: fine grain, uniform properties through thick plate, less distortion after welding — mandatory above about 40 mm in most bridge and pressure-adjacent specifications. Compare with S355JR for the economy end and see S355J2+N and S355K2 for the upgrades. ### Price S355J2 carries a premium of about 80 USD/t over S235JR in our list, and about 10 USD/t over S355JR; +N delivery on heavy plate adds a further 10 USD/t. The bands below are the month's FOB Istanbul ranges for stock and for made-to-order heavy plate. - S355J2 · 6–30 mm: USD 735–885 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - S355J2+N · 40–150 mm: USD 745–895 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing S355J2 steel plate leaves Dilovası on timber skids in packs of up to 5 t, steel-strapped with corner protectors and the heat number stencilled on every plate. Container loading: 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t of 6 m plate, 20' ≈ 20 t of short plate. 12 m and heavy plate go by flat-rack or breakbulk from Derince port. Customs code 7208.51 / 7208.52. - Moq: 5 t of one thickness - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock 6–30 mm: 3–7 working days; 3–5 mm and 40–150 mm to order 2–4 weeks - Packing: Skids up to 5 t, strapped; ≥ 40 mm loose on bearers - Container: 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t of 6 m plate; 12 m by flat-rack / breakbulk - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing S355J2 steel plate is delivered with the mill certificate EN 10204 3.1 — heat number, ladle analysis, tensile and impact results and the delivery condition. Third-party 3.2 certification (Lloyd's, BV, TÜV, SGS), ultrasonic testing to EN 10160 and extra Charpy tests at a lower temperature are ordered per lot. ### How to order Send thickness × width × length, tonnage, delivery condition (+AR / +N), certificate level (3.1 or 3.2) and any UT or Z-quality requirement. Cut lists are priced per part with weights. ### FAQ **What type of steel is S355J2?** A fully-killed, unalloyed structural steel to EN 10025-2 with 355 MPa minimum yield, 470–630 MPa tensile and 27 J impact at −20 °C; material number 1.0577, formerly DIN ST52-3 N. **What is the difference between S355JR and S355J2?** Impact test temperature (+20 °C vs −20 °C), tighter P/S in J2 (0.025 %) and mandatory killed practice; strength and weldability are the same. J2 is required for thick, welded, dynamic or cold-service structures. **What steel grades are equivalent to S355J2+N?** DIN ST52-3 N, BS 4360 50D, JIS SM490C, GB Q355D and EN 10025-3 S355N are the closest; ASTM A572 Gr. 50 with a −20 °C Charpy supplement is the usual American substitute. **What is the equivalent of S355J2 in India?** IS 2062 E350 (Grade B or C) — E350C has 27 J at −20 °C and is the proper match; E350B is tested at 0 °C. **Does S355J2 need preheat?** Not below 25 mm in a dry workshop; 75–100 °C above 25 mm, on restrained joints or in cold conditions, always with low-hydrogen consumables. **What S355J2 thicknesses are in stock in Turkey?** 6–30 mm in 1 500, 2 000 and 2 500 mm widths at our Dilovası warehouse; 3–5 mm and 40–150 mm rolled to order in 2–5 weeks. **How much does a 20 mm S355J2 plate weigh?** 157 kg per m²; a 2 000 × 6 000 mm plate is 1 884 kg and a 2 500 × 12 000 mm plate 4 710 kg. ## S355J2+N Steel Plate URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/s355j2n-steel-plate/ Thick S355 plate delivered as-rolled can be fine at the surface and coarse in the core; the +N condition removes that doubt. Specifiers who write "ST52-3 N" or "S355J2+N" are buying predictable toughness through 40, 60 or 100 mm and a plate that stays flat after heavy welding. We source it from the Erdemir and İsdemir plate mills and from EU mills for the largest sizes, and deliver with 3.1 or 3.2 certificates and EN 10160 ultrasonic reports. ### What is S355J2+N steel plate? The +N in S355J2+N is a delivery condition, not a different steel: the plate is normalised (heated to about 900 °C and air-cooled) or normalised-rolled (finished at a controlled temperature that produces the same microstructure), giving a fine, uniform grain and properties that no longer depend on where in the plate you cut the test piece. The S355J2 base — 355 MPa yield, 27 J at −20 °C, P and S ≤ 0.025 %, fully killed — is unchanged. Why pay for it: as-rolled (+AR) thick plate cools unevenly, so its core can be coarser and less tough than the certificate suggests, and it carries rolling stresses that release as distortion when you weld or flame-cut it. Normalised plate is stable, machines and bends predictably, and passes ultrasonic inspection more reliably. EN 10025-2 lets the mill choose +AR or +N unless the buyer specifies; for anything above 40 mm, for bridge, crane and wind-tower specifications, and for plate that will be heavily flame-cut or machined, the buyer should specify +N. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cu | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | 0.20 (≤ 30 mm) / 0.22 | 0.55 | 1.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.55 | _Fully killed. Mills producing +N typically keep C ≤ 0.18 and add Nb/V micro-alloying for grain refinement. CEV 0.45–0.49 by thickness._ ### Mechanical properties | Thickness | Yield ReH min (MPa) | Tensile Rm (MPa) | Elongation A min | Impact KV (long.) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | ≤ 16 mm | 355 | 470–630 | 22 % | 27 J at −20 °C | | > 16–40 mm | 345 | 470–630 | 22 % | 27 J at −20 °C | | > 40–63 mm | 335 | 470–630 | 21 % | 27 J at −20 °C | | > 63–80 mm | 325 | 470–630 | 20 % | 27 J at −20 °C | | > 80–100 mm | 315 | 470–630 | 20 % | 27 J at −20 °C | | > 100–150 mm | 295 | 450–600 | 18 % | 27 J at −20 °C | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | DIN 17100 | ST52-3 N | direct predecessor | | EN 10025-3 | S355N / S355NL | fine-grain normalised, NL −50 °C | | ASTM | A572 Gr. 50 normalised / A709 Gr. 50 | | | JIS G3106 | SM490C (N) | | | GB/T 1591 | Q355D (N) | | | BS 4360 | 50D normalised | historic | ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 8–20 mm | 2 000 / 2 500 × 6 000–12 000 | to order 3–4 weeks | | 25–60 mm | 2 000 / 2 500 / 3 000 × 6 000–12 000 | to order 3–5 weeks | | 80–150 mm | 2 000–2 500 × 4 000–8 000 | to order 4–6 weeks, UT S1/E1 standard | ### Weight per m² and per plate | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 500 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 000 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 500 × 12 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 8 mm | 62.8 | 565 | 754 | 1 884 | | 10 mm | 78.5 | 707 | 942 | 2 355 | | 12 mm | 94.2 | 848 | 1 130 | 2 826 | | 15 mm | 117.8 | 1 060 | 1 413 | 3 533 | | 20 mm | 157.0 | 1 413 | 1 884 | 4 710 | | 25 mm | 196.3 | 1 766 | 2 355 | 5 888 | | 30 mm | 235.5 | 2 120 | 2 826 | 7 065 | | 40 mm | 314.0 | 2 826 | 3 768 | 9 420 | | 50 mm | 392.5 | 3 533 | 4 710 | 11 775 | | 60 mm | 471.0 | 4 239 | 5 652 | 14 130 | | 80 mm | 628.0 | 5 652 | 7 536 | 18 840 | | 100 mm | 785.0 | 7 065 | 9 420 | 23 550 | | 120 mm | 942.0 | 8 478 | 11 304 | 28 260 | | 150 mm | 1,177.5 | 10 598 | 14 130 | 35 325 | _Nominal weights — mill tolerance to EN 10029 class A adds up to +4 % on thin plate; invoiced on theoretical weight unless agreed otherwise._ ### Welding, cutting and forming Normalised plate welds like S355J2 but with fewer surprises: preheat 75–100 °C above 25 mm (100–125 °C above 60 mm), basic low-hydrogen consumables, heat input 1.0–2.5 kJ/mm, interpass ≤ 250 °C. Do not exceed 3.5 kJ/mm on thick +N plate — high heat input coarsens the grain the normalising paid for. Post-weld heat treatment (580–620 °C) is optional for stress relief on machine beds and is compatible with the grade. Cold forming to 2 × t; hot forming above 900 °C requires re-normalising. Flame-cut edges are softer and more uniform than on +AR plate; machining is free-cutting with the fine grain. ### Where it is used - Bridge girders and orthotropic decks (EN 1090 EXC3/EXC4) - Crane runway girders, gantry and portal cranes - Wind-turbine towers, transition pieces and flanges - Machine beds, press frames and rolling-mill housings - Heavy foundations, anchor and base plates ≥ 40 mm - Non-pressure heavy vessels, hoppers and chutes ### S355J2+N vs S355J2+AR Same grade, different delivery: +AR is cheaper, faster and fine below about 30 mm; +N costs 10–20 USD/t more and takes the mill programme, but gives guaranteed through-thickness toughness, ultrasonic soundness and dimensional stability in heavy plate. If the plate is over 40 mm, will be welded heavily, flame-cut into large parts or machined flat, order +N. See S355J2 for the as-rolled stock item and S355K2 for the 40 J version. ### Price +N plate is priced on the heavy-plate list with the J2+N premium (about 90 USD/t over S235JR). Ultrasonic testing, Z-quality and 3.2 inspection are added per ton. The band below is the month's indicative FOB Istanbul range for made-to-order plate. - S355J2+N · 8–150 mm: USD 745–895 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Export packing of S355J2+N steel plate is by skid: up to 5 t per pack, steel straps, corner boards, stencilled heat numbers and a pack list that references the 3.1 certificates. Six-metre plate loads 24–25 t into a 40' HC. Long and heavy plate is shipped flat-rack or breakbulk via Derince. HS code 7208.51 / 7208.52. - Moq: 10 t of one thickness - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: To order 3–6 weeks (mill programme); 8–30 mm sometimes ex EU stock 2 weeks - Packing: Loose on timber bearers, strapped in bundles ≤ 10 t - Container: ≤ 6 m: 40' HC 24–25 t; 8–12 m: flat-rack or breakbulk Derince - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing Documentation for S355J2+N steel plate: EN 10204 3.1 mill certificate as standard (heat number, analysis, tensile, Charpy, condition); 3.2 with an independent inspector, EN 10160 UT reports and additional low-temperature Charpy tests are available on plates above 8 mm at order. ### How to order Specify thickness × width × length, tonnage, UT class (EN 10160 S1/E1 is our default above 40 mm), Z-quality if any, certificate 3.1 or 3.2, and the required delivery date; we confirm the mill slot within one working day. ### FAQ **What does +N mean in S355J2+N?** Normalised or normalised-rolled delivery condition: the plate has a fine, uniform grain and guaranteed properties through the full thickness, unlike as-rolled (+AR) plate. **Is S355J2+N the same as ST52-3 N?** Yes — ST52-3 N (DIN 17100) was the normalised, fully-killed −20 °C grade; S355J2+N is its EN 10025-2 successor. **When must I specify +N instead of +AR?** Above about 40 mm, for bridges, cranes and wind towers, for plate that will be heavily welded, flame-cut or machined, and whenever the specification calls for through-thickness toughness or ultrasonic testing. **What is the difference between S355J2+N and S355N?** S355N (EN 10025-3) is a micro-alloyed fine-grain steel normalised by definition, with slightly different chemistry limits and higher impact energy at −20 °C (40 J long.); S355J2+N is the EN 10025-2 grade delivered normalised. They are interchangeable in most structural uses; S355N is stricter. **What is the lead time for S355J2+N plate from Turkey?** 3–6 weeks from the mill programme depending on thickness; 8–30 mm is occasionally available ex EU stock in 2 weeks. ## S355K2 Steel Plate URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/s355k2-steel-plate/ K2 is what a designer reaches for when J2 is not quite enough and the fine-grain steels of EN 10025-3 are more than the budget allows: a 50 % higher impact guarantee at −20 °C for a small premium. It is not a stock grade anywhere in Turkey; we bring it in from EU and Turkish mill programmes and ship it with the same documentation as our S355J2. ### What is S355K2 steel plate? S355K2 shares every chemistry limit and every strength value with S355J2; the letter K raises the Charpy V-notch requirement at −20 °C from 27 J to 40 J. That margin matters where cracks could start from cyclic loading or impact — crane structures under EN 13001, rail vehicles, mining and quarry equipment, bucket-wheel and stacker structures — and in Eurocode 3 fracture-toughness selection (EN 1993-1-10), where K2 permits a thicker plate at a given temperature and stress than J2 does. In DIN there was no exact predecessor (ST52-3 N came closest), so K2 arrived with EN 10025 in the 1990s and is still a mill-programme item. Most producers deliver it normalised (+N) because reaching 40 J reliably at −20 °C on thick plate needs the fine grain anyway. For truly cold service (−40 °C, −50 °C) the answer is S355NL or S355ML rather than K2. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cu | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | 0.20 (≤ 30 mm) / 0.22 | 0.55 | 1.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.55 | _Identical to S355J2; fully killed. Mills add Nb/V and keep C ≤ 0.18 to reach 40 J. CEV 0.45–0.49._ ### Mechanical properties | Thickness | Yield ReH min (MPa) | Tensile Rm (MPa) | Elongation A min | Impact KV (long.) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | ≤ 16 mm | 355 | 470–630 | 22 % | 40 J at −20 °C | | > 16–40 mm | 345 | 470–630 | 22 % | 40 J at −20 °C | | > 40–63 mm | 335 | 470–630 | 21 % | 40 J at −20 °C | | > 63–80 mm | 325 | 470–630 | 20 % | 40 J at −20 °C | | > 80–100 mm | 315 | 470–630 | 20 % | 40 J at −20 °C | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | EN 10025-2 | S355J2 | same steel, 27 J | | EN 10025-3 | S355N | 40 J at −20 °C long. — closest | | ASTM | A572 Gr. 50 (CVN 30 ft·lbf at −20 °C) | by supplement | | JIS G3106 | SM490C | 27 J only | | GB/T 1591 | Q355E | E = −40 °C, 27 J | | BS 4360 | 50DD | historic | ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 8–20 mm | 2 000 / 2 500 × 6 000–12 000 | to order 4–6 weeks | | 25–60 mm | 2 000 / 2 500 × 6 000–12 000 | to order 4–8 weeks, +N | | 80–100 mm | 2 000–2 500 × 6 000 | to order 6–8 weeks, +N, UT | ### Weight per m² and per plate | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 500 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 000 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 500 × 12 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 8 mm | 62.8 | 565 | 754 | 1 884 | | 10 mm | 78.5 | 707 | 942 | 2 355 | | 12 mm | 94.2 | 848 | 1 130 | 2 826 | | 15 mm | 117.8 | 1 060 | 1 413 | 3 533 | | 20 mm | 157.0 | 1 413 | 1 884 | 4 710 | | 25 mm | 196.3 | 1 766 | 2 355 | 5 888 | | 30 mm | 235.5 | 2 120 | 2 826 | 7 065 | | 40 mm | 314.0 | 2 826 | 3 768 | 9 420 | | 50 mm | 392.5 | 3 533 | 4 710 | 11 775 | | 60 mm | 471.0 | 4 239 | 5 652 | 14 130 | | 80 mm | 628.0 | 5 652 | 7 536 | 18 840 | | 100 mm | 785.0 | 7 065 | 9 420 | 23 550 | _Nominal weights — mill tolerance to EN 10029 class A adds up to +4 % on thin plate; invoiced on theoretical weight unless agreed otherwise._ ### Welding, cutting and forming Weld as S355J2+N with one extra discipline: qualify the procedure with HAZ Charpy tests at −20 °C to 40 J, because a careless high-heat-input weld can undo the K2 advantage. Basic low-hydrogen consumables with matching toughness (E50 6 or G46 6 M21), preheat 100 °C above 25 mm, heat input 1.0–2.5 kJ/mm, interpass ≤ 250 °C. Cold bending 2 × t; hot forming followed by normalising only. ### Where it is used - Crane structures to EN 13001 and FEM - Mining, quarry and bulk-handling machines - Railway vehicles and track equipment - Cold-region steelwork (Kazakhstan, Balkans highlands, Anatolian plateau) - Fatigue-loaded welded frames and booms - Eurocode 3 fracture-toughness upgrades from J2 ### S355K2 vs S355J2 vs S355NL J2 → K2 raises impact energy at −20 °C from 27 J to 40 J with the same chemistry — the cheapest toughness upgrade. K2 → NL (EN 10025-3) moves the test temperature to −50 °C with a micro-alloyed fine-grain steel — the upgrade for genuinely cold service and LNG-adjacent structures. Between them sits S355N (40 J at −20 °C, fine grain, normalised) which is technically the nearest match to K2+N. See S355J2 and S355NL. ### Price K2 is an imported mill-programme grade; the band below applies our J2+N premium as reference — final price depends on mill and lot size. Below 20 t we normally quote S355N or S355NL from EU stock as the alternative. - S355K2 · 8–100 mm: USD 745–895 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing We ship S355K2 steel plate in strapped skid packs up to 5 t, each plate stencilled with its heat number so the certificate can be matched at the receiving end. A 40' HC takes 24–25 t of 6 m plate. Plates longer than 6 m or heavier packs are booked on flat-racks or as breakbulk cargo out of Derince. Tariff heading 7208.51 / 7208.52. - Moq: 20 t (one mill lot) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Imported to order 4–8 weeks - Packing: Loose on bearers, bundles ≤ 10 t - Container: ≤ 6 m: 40' HC 24–25 t; longer by flat-rack - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing S355K2 steel plate ships with EN 10204 3.1 certificates cross-referenced to the stencilled heat numbers. Where the project requires it we arrange 3.2 certification with Lloyd's, BV, TÜV or SGS, ultrasonic examination to EN 10160 and Charpy testing at the temperature you specify. ### How to order State thickness × width × length, tonnage, +N, UT and Z requirements, and whether S355N (EN 10025-3) is an acceptable alternative — it often ships sooner. ### FAQ **What is the difference between S355J2 and S355K2?** Only the impact requirement: 27 J (J) versus 40 J (K) at −20 °C. Chemistry, strength and weldability are identical; K2 is chosen for fatigue- and impact-loaded or cold-region structures. **What does K2 mean in steel grades?** K = 40 J minimum Charpy V-notch energy, 2 = test temperature −20 °C (EN 10027-1 designation system). **Is S355K2 available from stock?** Not in Turkey — it is rolled to order (4–8 weeks); S355N or S355NL from EU stock are the quick alternatives with equal or better toughness. **What is the ASTM equivalent of S355K2?** ASTM A572 Grade 50 with a supplementary Charpy requirement of 30 ft·lbf (≈ 40 J) at −4 °F (−20 °C); A709 Grade 50T3 for bridges is comparable. ## S355NL Steel Plate URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/s355nl-steel-plate/ When the design temperature drops below what J2 or K2 can cover — Kazakh winters, mountain sites, LPG sphere supports, offshore jackets — S355NL is the next rung: a clean normalised fine-grain steel with toughness proven at −50 °C. We bring it from EU mills against your order with full 3.1/3.2 documentation and ultrasonic testing. ### What is S355NL steel plate? EN 10025-3 covers weldable fine-grain structural steels in the normalised or normalised-rolled condition; S355N is the −20 °C grade and S355NL the −50 °C grade. The chemistry is tighter than EN 10025-2: carbon ≤ 0.18 %, sulphur ≤ 0.020 %, and deliberate grain-refining additions of niobium (≤ 0.05 %), vanadium (≤ 0.12 %) and aluminium (≥ 0.020 %). The fine, uniform grain gives high toughness — 27 J at −50 °C transverse-equivalent, and more than 40 J at −20 °C — plus good weldability with a carbon equivalent typically 0.38–0.42. The NL grade is what pressure-vessel and low-temperature codes accept for supporting structures, saddles and skirts around cold service, and what EN 1993-1-10 requires for thick welded members at −30 °C and below. It is a mill-programme plate; Turkish mills roll S355N but the NL version usually comes from EU producers. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Nb | V | Al | Ni | Cr | Mo | N | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | 0.18 | 0.50 | 0.90–1.65 | 0.025 | 0.020 | 0.05 | 0.12 | ≥ 0.020 | 0.50 | 0.30 | 0.10 | 0.015 | _Cu ≤ 0.55, Ti ≤ 0.05. CEV max 0.43 (≤ 63 mm), 0.45 (63–100 mm)._ ### Mechanical properties | Thickness | Yield ReH min (MPa) | Tensile Rm (MPa) | Elongation A min | Impact KV (long. / trans.) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | ≤ 16 mm | 355 | 470–630 | 22 % | 27 J at −50 °C (L) / 16 J (T) | | > 16–40 mm | 345 | 470–630 | 22 % | 27 J at −50 °C | | > 40–63 mm | 335 | 470–630 | 22 % | 27 J at −50 °C | | > 63–80 mm | 325 | 470–630 | 21 % | 27 J at −50 °C | | > 80–100 mm | 315 | 470–630 | 21 % | 27 J at −50 °C | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | EN 10025-3 | S355N | −20 °C version | | EN 10025-4 | S355ML | thermomechanical −50 °C | | DIN 17102 | TStE 355 | direct predecessor | | ASTM | A633 Gr. C/D | normalised HSLA, near | | ASTM | A537 Cl. 1 | pressure-vessel analogue | | GB/T 1591 | Q355E (near) | −40 °C | ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 8–20 mm | 2 000 / 2 500 × 6 000–12 000 | to order 4–6 weeks | | 25–60 mm | 2 000 / 2 500 / 3 000 × 6 000–12 000 | to order 5–8 weeks | | 80–100 mm | 2 000–2 500 × 6 000 | to order 6–8 weeks, UT standard | ### Weight per m² and per plate | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 500 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 000 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 500 × 12 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 8 mm | 62.8 | 565 | 754 | 1 884 | | 10 mm | 78.5 | 707 | 942 | 2 355 | | 12 mm | 94.2 | 848 | 1 130 | 2 826 | | 15 mm | 117.8 | 1 060 | 1 413 | 3 533 | | 20 mm | 157.0 | 1 413 | 1 884 | 4 710 | | 25 mm | 196.3 | 1 766 | 2 355 | 5 888 | | 30 mm | 235.5 | 2 120 | 2 826 | 7 065 | | 40 mm | 314.0 | 2 826 | 3 768 | 9 420 | | 50 mm | 392.5 | 3 533 | 4 710 | 11 775 | | 60 mm | 471.0 | 4 239 | 5 652 | 14 130 | | 80 mm | 628.0 | 5 652 | 7 536 | 18 840 | | 100 mm | 785.0 | 7 065 | 9 420 | 23 550 | _Nominal weights — mill tolerance to EN 10029 class A adds up to +4 % on thin plate; invoiced on theoretical weight unless agreed otherwise._ ### Welding, cutting and forming Weldable with basic low-hydrogen consumables matched for low-temperature toughness (E46 6 / G46 6 or nickel-alloyed for −50 °C service); preheat 50–100 °C above 25 mm, heat input 1.0–2.5 kJ/mm, interpass ≤ 250 °C, and — this is the difference from ordinary S355 — procedure qualification with Charpy tests at the design temperature on weld metal and HAZ. Cold forming 2 × t; hot forming only with re-normalising; no flame straightening above 650 °C. Order Z25 quality for cruciform joints in thick plate. ### Where it is used - LPG / LNG tank supports, saddles and skirts - Cold-region steel structures (Kazakhstan, Caucasus, Balkans highlands) - Wind-turbine towers in cold climates - Offshore jackets and topside structures - Railway bridges and dynamic structures at low temperature - Crane and mining structures to −40 °C ### S355NL vs S355J2 vs S355ML J2 guarantees −20 °C; NL guarantees −50 °C with a normalised fine-grain steel; ML guarantees −50 °C with a thermomechanical steel that has an even lower carbon equivalent (easier welding, no preheat to greater thickness) but cannot be hot-formed. NL is the conservative choice for structures that may be hot-formed or post-weld heat-treated; ML for welded-only fabrication. See S355J2 and S355ML. ### Price S355NL is priced about 200 USD/t over the S235JR base as an imported fine-grain plate; ultrasonic testing, Z-quality and 3.2 inspection are added. The band below is indicative FOB Istanbul. - S355NL · 8–100 mm: USD 855–1005 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing We ship S355NL steel plate in strapped skid packs up to 5 t, each plate stencilled with its heat number so the certificate can be matched at the receiving end. Six-metre plate loads 24–25 t into a 40' HC. Plates longer than 6 m or heavier packs are booked on flat-racks or as breakbulk cargo out of Derince. Tariff heading 7208.51 / 7208.52. - Moq: 20 t (mill lot) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Imported to order 4–8 weeks - Packing: Loose on bearers, bundles ≤ 10 t - Container: ≤ 6 m: 40' HC 24–25 t; longer flat-rack - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing Documentation for S355NL steel plate: EN 10204 3.1 mill certificate as standard (heat number, analysis, tensile, Charpy, condition); 3.2 with an independent inspector, EN 10160 UT reports and additional low-temperature Charpy tests are available on plates above 8 mm at order. ### How to order State thickness × width × length, tonnage, design temperature, UT / Z / 3.2 requirements and whether S355ML is acceptable — it is sometimes faster. ### FAQ **What is the difference between S355N and S355NL?** Both are EN 10025-3 normalised fine-grain steels with 355 MPa yield; N is impact-tested at −20 °C (40 J long.) and NL at −50 °C (27 J long.). NL is the low-temperature grade. **Is S355NL the same as S355J2?** No. S355J2 (EN 10025-2) is a conventional structural steel tested at −20 °C; S355NL (EN 10025-3) is a micro-alloyed, normalised fine-grain steel tested at −50 °C with tighter chemistry. NL exceeds J2 in every property. **What is the ASTM equivalent of S355NL?** ASTM A633 Grade C or D (normalised HSLA structural plate) is the nearest; for pressure-vessel supports A537 Class 1 is often accepted. **What is the lead time for S355NL plate?** 4–8 weeks — it is imported to order from EU mill programmes; we do not stock it in Turkey. ## S355ML Steel Plate URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/s355ml-steel-plate/ S355ML gives the fabricator what S355NL gives the designer — −50 °C toughness — while making the welding easier: a leaner chemistry rolled thermomechanically instead of alloyed and normalised. The trade-off is that the plate must stay cold: no hot forming, no normalising. For welded-only structures in cold service it is the more economical of the two, and we import it to order. ### What is S355ML steel plate? EN 10025-4 is the thermomechanical (M) counterpart of EN 10025-3: the same fine-grain philosophy, but the grain is refined by controlled rolling and cooling rather than by normalising, which allows a leaner chemistry — carbon ≤ 0.14 %, and a carbon equivalent capped at 0.39 % up to 40 mm. S355ML is the −50 °C impact grade (S355M is −20 °C). Its tensile range is slightly lower (450–610 MPa) than the N grades because the microstructure is different, but the yield, the toughness and the weldability are excellent; it is widely used for offshore structures, heavy welded frames and structural pipe and plate in cold climates. The constraint of every M steel: heating above about 600 °C (hot forming, normalising, prolonged flame straightening) destroys the rolling-induced structure, so the plate must be cold-formed and welded with controlled heat input. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Nb | V | Al | Ti | Ni | Cr | Mo | N | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | 0.14 | 0.50 | 1.60 | 0.025 | 0.020 | 0.05 | 0.10 | ≥ 0.020 | 0.05 | 0.50 | 0.30 | 0.10 | 0.015 | _Cu ≤ 0.55. CEV max 0.39 (≤ 16 mm), 0.39 (16–40), 0.40 (40–63), 0.45 (63–120)._ ### Mechanical properties | Thickness | Yield ReH min (MPa) | Tensile Rm (MPa) | Elongation A min | Impact KV (long.) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | ≤ 16 mm | 355 | 470–630 | 22 % | 27 J at −50 °C | | > 16–40 mm | 345 | 470–630 | 22 % | 27 J at −50 °C | | > 40–63 mm | 335 | 450–610 | 22 % | 27 J at −50 °C | | > 63–80 mm | 325 | 440–600 | 21 % | 27 J at −50 °C | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | EN 10025-4 | S355M | −20 °C version | | EN 10025-3 | S355NL | normalised −50 °C | | ASTM | A633 Gr. C / A709 Gr. 50W (near) | | | API | 2W Gr. 50 | offshore TMCP | | GB/T 1591 | Q355E (TMCP) | | ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 6–20 mm | 2 000 / 2 500 × 6 000–12 000 | to order 4–6 weeks | | 25–50 mm | 2 500 / 3 000 × 6 000–12 000 | to order 5–8 weeks | | 60–80 mm | 2 500 × 6 000–8 000 | to order 6–8 weeks, UT standard | ### Weight per m² and per plate | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 500 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 000 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 500 × 12 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 6 mm | 47.1 | 424 | 565 | 1 413 | | 8 mm | 62.8 | 565 | 754 | 1 884 | | 10 mm | 78.5 | 707 | 942 | 2 355 | | 12 mm | 94.2 | 848 | 1 130 | 2 826 | | 15 mm | 117.8 | 1 060 | 1 413 | 3 533 | | 20 mm | 157.0 | 1 413 | 1 884 | 4 710 | | 25 mm | 196.3 | 1 766 | 2 355 | 5 888 | | 30 mm | 235.5 | 2 120 | 2 826 | 7 065 | | 40 mm | 314.0 | 2 826 | 3 768 | 9 420 | | 50 mm | 392.5 | 3 533 | 4 710 | 11 775 | | 60 mm | 471.0 | 4 239 | 5 652 | 14 130 | | 80 mm | 628.0 | 5 652 | 7 536 | 18 840 | _Nominal weights — mill tolerance to EN 10029 class A adds up to +4 % on thin plate; invoiced on theoretical weight unless agreed otherwise._ ### Welding, cutting and forming The low CEV means no preheat up to 40–50 mm in a dry shop and 50 °C beyond; basic low-hydrogen consumables with −50 °C toughness (nickel-bearing where required), heat input 0.8–2.0 kJ/mm — stay at the lower end on thin plate to avoid HAZ softening, which is the failure mode of TM steels. Interpass ≤ 200 °C. Cold bending 2 × t; no hot forming; flame straightening only briefly below 600 °C; PWHT generally not applicable — use S355NL if stress relief is mandatory. ### Where it is used - Offshore jackets, decks and mooring structures - Welded heavy frames and machinery in cold regions - Structural pipe and node plates for pipelines - Wind-turbine monopiles and transition pieces - Bridges with welded-only fabrication - Low-temperature tank supports (welded, not heat-treated) ### S355ML vs S355NL Same strength and −50 °C guarantee. NL is normalised: leaner rolling schedule, richer chemistry, tolerates hot forming and PWHT, CEV ≈ 0.40–0.43. ML is thermomechanical: leaner chemistry, CEV ≤ 0.39, easier welding and cheaper, but cold-work only. Choose ML for welded-only fabrication and NL when the part will be hot-formed, normalised after forming or stress-relieved. See S355NL. ### Price S355ML is priced like S355NL — about 200 USD/t over the S235JR base — as an imported fine-grain plate. UT and 3.2 inspection added per ton. Indicative FOB Istanbul band below. - S355ML · 6–80 mm: USD 855–1005 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Packing for S355ML steel plate: plates banded on hardwood skids (max 5 t per pack), edges protected, heat numbers marked; Container loading: 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t of 6 m plate, 20' ≈ 20 t of short plate. Over-length plate is loaded flat-rack, and heavy plate above 25 t per piece travels breakbulk from Derince. HS 7208.51 / 7208.52. - Moq: 20 t (mill lot) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Imported to order 4–8 weeks - Packing: Loose on bearers, bundles ≤ 10 t - Container: ≤ 6 m: 40' HC 24–25 t; longer flat-rack - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing S355ML steel plate is delivered with the mill certificate EN 10204 3.1 — heat number, ladle analysis, tensile and impact results and the delivery condition. Third-party 3.2 certification (Lloyd's, BV, TÜV, SGS), ultrasonic testing to EN 10160 and extra Charpy tests at a lower temperature are ordered per lot. ### How to order Specify sizes, tonnage, design temperature, UT / Z-quality, certificate level and confirm that no hot forming or PWHT is planned (otherwise we quote S355NL). ### FAQ **What is the difference between S355ML and S355NL?** Both give 355 MPa and 27 J at −50 °C; ML is thermomechanically rolled (EN 10025-4, lower carbon equivalent, easier welding, cold-work only), NL is normalised (EN 10025-3, tolerates hot forming and heat treatment). **What does M mean in S355ML?** M = thermomechanically rolled delivery condition; L = low-temperature impact test (−50 °C). **Can S355ML be hot formed?** No — heating above about 600 °C destroys the fine grain created by rolling and the yield strength drops; use S355NL where hot forming or normalising is required. **Does S355ML need preheat for welding?** Not up to 40–50 mm in dry conditions thanks to CEV ≤ 0.39; use low-hydrogen consumables and moderate heat input. ## S355MC High-Strength Steel URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/s355mc-steel/ Where S355J2 is a plate you weld, S355MC is a strip you bend: same 355 MPa, half the carbon, a clean fine-grained structure that takes an inside radius of 0.5–1 × t without cracking at the bend. Trailer and bodybuilders across Europe, the Gulf and North Africa run their press brakes and roll-formers on it; we cut it to length or slit it to width in Dilovası. ### What is S355MC steel? S355MC belongs to EN 10149-2, the standard for high-yield hot-rolled flat products for cold forming. The M in the name says thermomechanically rolled: the strip is finished at a controlled low temperature so that niobium, titanium and vanadium micro-additions refine the grain and deliver 355 MPa yield from a steel with only 0.12 % carbon. The C says cold-forming: the standard guarantees minimum bend radii (0.5 × t up to 3 mm, 1.0 × t above, transverse) and the low carbon equivalent (≈ 0.30) means it welds without preheat at any thickness in the range. Compared with S355J2 plate of the same strength it is cleaner, more ductile, tougher (40 J at −20 °C longitudinal) and thinner — MC grades are produced as strip up to 20 mm, and in practice 2–12 mm covers the market. Its old name QStE 380 TM (SEW 092) still appears on German drawings. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Al | Nb | V | Ti | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | 0.12 | 0.50 | 1.50 | 0.025 | 0.020 | ≥ 0.015 | 0.09 | 0.20 | 0.15 | _Nb + V + Ti combined ≤ 0.22 %. CEV typically 0.28–0.32._ ### Mechanical properties | Thickness | Yield ReH min (MPa) | Tensile Rm (MPa) | Elongation min | Impact KV | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1.5–3 mm | 355 | 430–550 | 19 (A80) | — | | > 3 mm | 355 | 430–550 | 23 % (A5) | 40 J at −20 °C (long.) | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | SEW 092 | QStE 380 TM | old German name | | EN 10025-2 | S355J2 (plate) | same yield, not for tight bends | | ASTM | A1011 HSLAS Gr. 50 / A607 Gr. 50 | HSLA sheet | | JIS G3134 | SPFH 540 | | | GB/T 1591 | Q355 (TM) | | | SSAB | Strenx 355MC / Domex 355MC | brand equivalents | ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 2–3 mm | coil 1 000–1 500 mm; sheet to 6 000 mm | to order, cut-to-length in Dilovası | | 4–8 mm | coil 1 250–1 500 mm; sheet 1 500 × 6 000 | part stock (6 mm), rest 2–3 weeks | | 10–12 mm | coil 1 500 mm; sheet 1 500 × 6 000–12 000 | to order 2–3 weeks | ### Weight per m² and per plate | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 500 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 000 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 500 × 12 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2 mm | 15.7 | 141 | 188 | 471 | | 2.5 mm | 19.6 | 177 | 236 | 589 | | 3 mm | 23.6 | 212 | 283 | 707 | | 4 mm | 31.4 | 283 | 377 | 942 | | 5 mm | 39.3 | 353 | 471 | 1 178 | | 6 mm | 47.1 | 424 | 565 | 1 413 | | 8 mm | 62.8 | 565 | 754 | 1 884 | | 10 mm | 78.5 | 707 | 942 | 2 355 | | 12 mm | 94.2 | 848 | 1 130 | 2 826 | _Nominal weights — mill tolerance to EN 10029 class A adds up to +4 % on thin plate; invoiced on theoretical weight unless agreed otherwise._ ### Welding, cutting and forming Cold forming is the point: bend to an inside radius of 0.5 × t (≤ 3 mm) or 1 × t (> 3 mm) transverse to rolling, 1.5 × t longitudinal, with the burr on the inside of the bend and sheared edges deburred to avoid edge cracks. Welding needs no preheat (CEV ≈ 0.30); use matching or slightly under-matching consumables (G42 / G46) and keep heat input moderate — over-heating the HAZ softens a thermomechanical steel, it does not harden it. Laser cutting is excellent up to 12 mm; plasma and punching are routine. Do not normalise or hot-form: the strength comes from the rolling, and it is lost above about 600 °C. ### Where it is used - Trailer and semi-trailer chassis longitudinals and cross-members - Truck bodies, tippers and tail-lifts - Agricultural and forestry machine frames - Heavy cold-roll-formed C, Z and sigma profiles - Crane and access-platform booms (lighter sections) - Container and vehicle floor stringers ### S355MC vs S355J2 Same 355 MPa, different steels. S355J2 (EN 10025-2) is a conventional plate grade with up to 0.20 % C for welded structures; cold bending is limited to about 2 × t and thick plate is its home. S355MC (EN 10149-2) is a thermomechanical strip with ≤ 0.12 % C for forming: bend radius 1 × t, better toughness, thinner gauges, slightly higher price per ton. If the part is bent, pressed or roll-formed, choose MC; if it is a flat welded plate over 12 mm, choose S355J2. For more strength in the same family move to S500MC. ### Price S355MC carries about 180 USD/t over the S235JR base in our list — micro-alloying and thermomechanical rolling cost more than a conventional plate. The band below is the month's indicative FOB Istanbul range for coil and cut sheet. - S355MC · 2–12 mm coil / sheet: USD 840–985 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Export packing of S355MC steel is by skid: up to 5 t per pack, steel straps, corner boards, stencilled heat numbers and a pack list that references the 3.1 certificates. A 40' HC takes 24–25 t of 6 m plate. Long and heavy plate is shipped flat-rack or breakbulk via Derince. HS code 7208.51 / 7208.52. - Moq: One coil (≈ 18–20 t) or 10 t of sheet - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Coil to order 2–3 weeks; cut sheet from coil stock 5–8 days - Packing: Coil eye-to-sky on cradle, VCI wrap; sheet on skids ≤ 5 t - Container: 20' one coil (18–20 t); 40' HC two coils or 24 t sheet - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing S355MC steel ships with EN 10204 3.1 certificates cross-referenced to the stencilled heat numbers. Where the project requires it we arrange 3.2 certification with Lloyd's, BV, TÜV or SGS, ultrasonic examination to EN 10160 and Charpy testing at the temperature you specify. ### How to order Specify thickness × width (coil) or thickness × width × length (sheet), tonnage, edge condition (mill edge or trimmed), and whether pickled-and-oiled (HRPO) surface is required — MC grades are also available pickled for painted parts. ### FAQ **What is S355MC steel?** A thermomechanically rolled, micro-alloyed hot-rolled steel to EN 10149-2 with 355 MPa minimum yield, ≤ 0.12 % carbon and guaranteed cold-bending radii — made for pressing and roll-forming; material number 1.0976. **What is the difference between S355MC and S355J2?** S355J2 is a structural plate for welding (C ≤ 0.20 %, bend ≈ 2 × t); S355MC is a low-carbon forming strip (bend 1 × t, 40 J at −20 °C, 2–12 mm). Same yield, different purpose. **What is QStE 380 TM?** The former German (SEW 092) name of S355MC — the same thermomechanical cold-forming grade. **What bend radius can S355MC take?** Minimum 0.5 × t up to 3 mm and 1.0 × t above 3 mm transverse to the rolling direction (1.5 × t longitudinal), per EN 10149-2. **Is S355MC available as plate?** It is produced as hot-rolled strip; we supply coil and cut-to-length sheet up to 12 mm and 6 000 mm (12 000 mm on request) — not as heavy plate. ## S460MC High-Strength Steel URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/s460mc-steel/ S460MC is the quiet middle child of the MC range — less famous than S355MC or S700MC, but the one that lets a trailer builder take 15–20 % out of a cross-member without touching the press-brake tooling. We bring it in from EU and Turkish mills to order and cut it to length in Dilovası. ### What is S460MC steel? S460MC is produced exactly like S355MC — thermomechanical rolling of a low-carbon, Nb-Ti-V micro-alloyed steel — with the alloying and the finishing temperature tuned for 460 MPa minimum yield and 520–670 MPa tensile. The carbon limit stays at 0.12 %, manganese rises to 1.60 %, and the minimum bend radius grows only slightly (1.0 × t up to 3 mm, 1.5 × t above, transverse). Charpy energy is still 40 J at −20 °C longitudinal. Because it keeps the full formability of the family while adding 30 % strength, it is a direct substitute for S355MC in a design that is governed by yield: the part gets thinner, lighter and — because it is the same steel family — the welding, cutting and painting procedures do not change. It is less common on the shelf than 355 or 500, so we treat it as a mill-order grade. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Al | Nb | V | Ti | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | 0.12 | 0.50 | 1.60 | 0.025 | 0.015 | ≥ 0.015 | 0.09 | 0.20 | 0.15 | _Nb + V + Ti ≤ 0.22 %. CEV typically 0.30–0.34._ ### Mechanical properties | Thickness | Yield ReH min (MPa) | Tensile Rm (MPa) | Elongation min | Impact KV | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1.5–3 mm | 460 | 520–670 | 13 (A80) | — | | > 3 mm | 460 | 520–670 | 17 % (A5) | 40 J at −20 °C (long.) | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | SEW 092 | QStE 460 TM | old German name | | EN 10025-4 | S460M / S460ML (plate) | plate, not strip | | ASTM | A1011 HSLAS Gr. 65 / A656 Gr. 65 | near | | JIS G3134 | SPFH 590 | | | SSAB | Strenx 460MC | brand | ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 2–3 mm | coil 1 000–1 500 mm | to order 3–4 weeks | | 4–8 mm | coil 1 250–1 500 mm; sheet 1 500 × 6 000 | to order 3–4 weeks | | 10–12 mm | coil 1 500 mm | to order 4 weeks | ### Weight per m² and per plate | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 500 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 000 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 500 × 12 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2 mm | 15.7 | 141 | 188 | 471 | | 3 mm | 23.6 | 212 | 283 | 707 | | 4 mm | 31.4 | 283 | 377 | 942 | | 5 mm | 39.3 | 353 | 471 | 1 178 | | 6 mm | 47.1 | 424 | 565 | 1 413 | | 8 mm | 62.8 | 565 | 754 | 1 884 | | 10 mm | 78.5 | 707 | 942 | 2 355 | | 12 mm | 94.2 | 848 | 1 130 | 2 826 | _Nominal weights — mill tolerance to EN 10029 class A adds up to +4 % on thin plate; invoiced on theoretical weight unless agreed otherwise._ ### Welding, cutting and forming Bend at 1 × t (≤ 3 mm) or 1.5 × t (> 3 mm) transverse, 2 × t longitudinal, burr inside; higher strength means more spring-back than S355MC — allow 2–3° extra over-bend. Welding without preheat (CEV ≈ 0.32), G46 / G50 consumables, heat input ≤ 1.5 kJ/mm on thin gauges to avoid HAZ softening. Laser and plasma cut cleanly; punching needs about 15 % more press force than S355MC. No hot forming, no normalising. ### Where it is used - Weight-reduced trailer chassis and cross-members - Tipper bodies and side walls - Crane and aerial-platform booms (lower sections) - Agricultural implements and loader arms - Cold-formed structural profiles for lightweight steel framing - Railway wagon components ### S460MC vs S500MC Only 40 MPa separates them and mills often supply S500MC against an S460MC enquiry because it is more common. The practical differences: S500MC has a slightly higher bend radius and tensile range (550–700 MPa) and a few percent higher price; S460MC remains the exact match for designs calculated with the EN 10025-4 S460M plate curves. If you are converting from S355MC and want the safest formability, take S460MC; if you want the most common stock size, take S500MC. ### Price S460MC is priced with the S500MC premium (about 200 USD/t over S235JR) as mills produce both on the same route. The band below is indicative FOB Istanbul for coil; cut sheet adds the cut-to-length charge. - S460MC · 2–12 mm: USD 860–1005 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing S460MC steel leaves Dilovası on timber skids in packs of up to 5 t, steel-strapped with corner protectors and the heat number stencilled on every plate. Six-metre plate loads 24–25 t into a 40' HC. 12 m and heavy plate go by flat-rack or breakbulk from Derince port. Customs code 7208.51 / 7208.52. - Moq: One coil (≈ 18–20 t) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: To order 3–4 weeks (coil); cut sheet +5 days - Packing: Coil eye-to-sky on cradle, VCI wrap; sheet on skids - Container: 20' one coil; 40' HC two coils or 24 t sheet - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing Every lot of S460MC steel carries an EN 10204 3.1 inspection certificate listing heat, chemistry, mechanical and impact results. On request we add 3.2 witnessing by a classification society or inspector, EN 10160 ultrasonic testing and supplementary impact tests at the customer's design temperature. ### How to order Give thickness × width, tonnage and whether S500MC is acceptable as an alternative — it often ships faster. Cut-to-length and slitting are done in Dilovası before shipment. ### FAQ **What are the material properties of S460MC?** Yield ≥ 460 MPa, tensile 520–670 MPa, elongation ≥ 13 % (A80) / 17 % (A5), 40 J Charpy at −20 °C, carbon ≤ 0.12 %, bend radius 1–1.5 × t; EN 10149-2, material number 1.0982. **What is the old name of S460MC?** QStE 460 TM under SEW 092. **Can S500MC replace S460MC?** Usually yes — it exceeds the yield and has the same forming class; confirm the bend radius and spring-back with your tooling. **What is the ASTM equivalent of S460MC?** ASTM A1011 HSLAS Grade 65 (450 MPa) or A656 Grade 65 are the nearest; none is identical in formability guarantees. ## S500MC High-Strength Steel URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/s500mc-steel/ S500MC is where the weight saving becomes visible: 40 % more yield than S355 means a tipper side wall goes from 5 mm to 4 mm and a boom section loses a fifth of its mass, with the same press brake and the same MAG welder. It is the grade our bodybuilding customers in the Gulf, Iraq and the Balkans order most after S355MC. ### What is S500MC steel? S500MC is a thermomechanically rolled, micro-alloyed (Nb-Ti-V) hot-rolled strip with 500 MPa minimum yield and the cold-forming guarantees of EN 10149-2. Carbon stays at 0.12 % max and manganese at 1.70 %, so the carbon equivalent remains around 0.33 — it welds like a mild steel while carrying the strength of a quenched-and-tempered grade. The standard guarantees bend radii of 1.0 × t (≤ 3 mm) and 1.5 × t (> 3 mm) transverse to rolling, and 40 J Charpy at −20 °C longitudinal. Unlike normalised or QT plate, the strength comes from the fine grain produced during rolling, which is why MC grades must not be hot-formed or heat-treated. The strip is produced up to about 20 mm; 2–12 mm is the commercial range and what we stock or order. Brand names for the same class — Strenx 500MC, Domex 500MC — are widely used in drawings. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Al | Nb | V | Ti | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | 0.12 | 0.50 | 1.70 | 0.025 | 0.015 | ≥ 0.015 | 0.09 | 0.20 | 0.15 | _Nb + V + Ti ≤ 0.22 %. CEV typically 0.31–0.35._ ### Mechanical properties | Thickness | Yield ReH min (MPa) | Tensile Rm (MPa) | Elongation min | Impact KV | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1.5–3 mm | 500 | 550–700 | 12 (A80) | — | | > 3 mm | 500 | 550–700 | 16 % (A5) | 40 J at −20 °C (long.) | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | SEW 092 | QStE 500 TM | old German name | | EN 10025-4 | S460M (nearest plate) | | | ASTM | A1011 HSLAS-F Gr. 70 / A656 Gr. 70 | near | | JIS G3134 | SPFH 590 | | | SSAB | Strenx 500MC / Domex 500MC | brand | ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 2–3 mm | coil 1 000–1 500 mm; sheet to 6 000 | to order 2–4 weeks | | 4–6 mm | coil 1 250–1 500 mm; sheet 1 500 × 6 000 | part stock, else 2–3 weeks | | 8–12 mm | coil 1 500 mm; sheet 1 500 × 6 000 | to order 3–4 weeks | ### Weight per m² and per plate | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 500 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 000 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 500 × 12 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2 mm | 15.7 | 141 | 188 | 471 | | 2.5 mm | 19.6 | 177 | 236 | 589 | | 3 mm | 23.6 | 212 | 283 | 707 | | 4 mm | 31.4 | 283 | 377 | 942 | | 5 mm | 39.3 | 353 | 471 | 1 178 | | 6 mm | 47.1 | 424 | 565 | 1 413 | | 8 mm | 62.8 | 565 | 754 | 1 884 | | 10 mm | 78.5 | 707 | 942 | 2 355 | | 12 mm | 94.2 | 848 | 1 130 | 2 826 | _Nominal weights — mill tolerance to EN 10029 class A adds up to +4 % on thin plate; invoiced on theoretical weight unless agreed otherwise._ ### Welding, cutting and forming Forming: inside radius 1 × t (≤ 3 mm) / 1.5 × t (> 3 mm) transverse, 2 × t longitudinal; keep the burr inside, deburr sheared edges, expect 3–5° more spring-back than S355MC. Welding: no preheat (CEV ≈ 0.33), G46–G50 consumables, heat input 0.8–1.5 kJ/mm on 3–6 mm to limit HAZ softening; fillet welds are usually designed under-matching. Laser cuts to 12 mm with an excellent edge; plasma and waterjet routine. No hot forming or stress-relief above 580 °C. ### Where it is used - Tipper and dump bodies, side walls and floors - Crane, concrete-pump and aerial-platform booms - Weight-optimised trailer chassis - Mining and construction equipment attachments - Agricultural machinery frames and arms - Container corner and floor structures ### S500MC vs S700MC S700MC adds another 40 % yield (700 vs 500 MPa) but demands more from the shop: bend radius 1.5–2 × t, harder punching, careful heat input, more spring-back, and a price about 25 % higher per ton. For a tipper or a chassis S500MC is usually the economic optimum; S700MC pays off in booms and long-reach structures where every kilogram is carried at the tip. See S700MC and, for the lighter end, S355MC. ### Price S500MC sits about 200 USD/t over the S235JR base in our list. The band below is the month's indicative FOB Istanbul range; slitting, cut-to-length and pickling are added per ton. - S500MC · 2–12 mm coil / sheet: USD 860–1005 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Export packing of S500MC steel is by skid: up to 5 t per pack, steel straps, corner boards, stencilled heat numbers and a pack list that references the 3.1 certificates. Six-metre plate loads 24–25 t into a 40' HC. Long and heavy plate is shipped flat-rack or breakbulk via Derince. HS code 7208.51 / 7208.52. - Moq: One coil (≈ 18–20 t) or 10 t of sheet - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Coil to order 2–4 weeks; 4–6 mm cut sheet often from coil stock 5–8 days - Packing: Coil eye-to-sky, VCI wrap; sheet on skids ≤ 5 t - Container: 20' one coil; 40' HC two coils or 24 t sheet - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing Every lot of S500MC steel carries an EN 10204 3.1 inspection certificate listing heat, chemistry, mechanical and impact results. On request we add 3.2 witnessing by a classification society or inspector, EN 10160 ultrasonic testing and supplementary impact tests at the customer's design temperature. ### How to order Specify thickness × width (coil) or × length (sheet), tonnage, surface (black or pickled), and the bending direction relative to rolling if the parts are critical — we can supply cut sheet with the rolling direction marked. ### FAQ **What are the material properties of S500MC?** Yield ≥ 500 MPa, tensile 550–700 MPa, elongation ≥ 12 % (A80) / 16 % (A5), 40 J at −20 °C, C ≤ 0.12 %, bend radius 1–1.5 × t; EN 10149-2, 1.0984. **What is the difference between S500MC and S700MC?** 700 vs 500 MPa yield, tighter bend radius (1.5–2 × t vs 1–1.5 × t), Mo/B alloying in S700MC and a 20–30 % higher price; S700MC is for booms and extreme weight saving, S500MC for bodies and chassis. **Is S500MC weldable without preheat?** Yes — carbon equivalent ≈ 0.33; use G46/G50 wire and moderate heat input to avoid softening the HAZ. **What is Strenx 500MC?** SSAB's brand name for an S500MC-class thermomechanical steel; any EN 10149-2 S500MC meets the same standard requirements. **What thickness range is available in S500MC?** 2–12 mm as coil and cut sheet from our programme; 1.5 mm and 14–16 mm on request. ## S700MC High-Strength Steel URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/s700mc-steel/ S700MC is the steel that made telescopic booms long and trailers light. Twice the yield of S355 in a strip that still bends on a press brake and welds with a MAG torch — provided the shop respects the radius, the heat input and the spring-back. We source it from EU and Turkish mills and cut it in Dilovası for crane, trailer and machinery builders across our export markets. ### What is S700MC steel? S700MC reaches 700 MPa yield without quenching: a thermomechanical rolling schedule on a low-carbon steel alloyed with niobium, titanium, vanadium plus up to 0.50 % molybdenum and 0.005 % boron produces a very fine bainitic-ferritic grain. The result is a strip with the strength of a quenched-and-tempered S690 plate but the weldability of a mild steel (CEV ≈ 0.40, no preheat) and guaranteed cold-forming radii — 1.5 × t up to 3 mm and 2.0 × t above, transverse. Charpy 40 J at −20 °C longitudinal. It is produced only as hot-rolled strip, typically 3–12 mm (up to 16–20 mm at some mills), and it must never be hot-formed, normalised or stress-relieved above 580 °C, because the microstructure that carries the strength would be destroyed. Designers know it under the SSAB names Strenx 700MC / Domex 700MC or the old QStE 690 TM; the EN grade is what appears on the certificate. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Al | Nb | V | Ti | Mo | B | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | 0.12 | 0.60 | 2.10 | 0.025 | 0.015 | ≥ 0.015 | 0.09 | 0.20 | 0.22 | 0.50 | 0.005 | _Nb + V + Ti ≤ 0.22 %. CEV typically 0.38–0.42._ ### Mechanical properties | Thickness | Yield ReH min (MPa) | Tensile Rm (MPa) | Elongation min | Impact KV | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1.5–3 mm | 700 | 750–950 | 10 (A80) | — | | > 3 mm | 700 | 750–950 | 14 % (A5) | 40 J at −20 °C (long.) | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | SEW 092 | QStE 690 TM | old German name | | EN 10025-6 | S690QL (QT plate) | same strength, plate, needs preheat | | ASTM | A1011 HSLAS-F Gr. 80 / A656 Gr. 80 | near, 550 MPa | | SSAB | Strenx 700MC / Domex 700MC | brand | | JIS | SPFH 780 (near) | | ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 3–5 mm | coil 1 000–1 500 mm; sheet to 6 000 | to order 3–5 weeks | | 6–8 mm | coil 1 250–1 500 mm; sheet 1 500 × 6 000 | to order 3–5 weeks | | 10–12 mm | coil 1 500 mm; sheet 1 500 × 6 000 | to order 4–5 weeks | ### Weight per m² and per plate | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 500 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 000 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 500 × 12 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 3 mm | 23.6 | 212 | 283 | 707 | | 4 mm | 31.4 | 283 | 377 | 942 | | 5 mm | 39.3 | 353 | 471 | 1 178 | | 6 mm | 47.1 | 424 | 565 | 1 413 | | 8 mm | 62.8 | 565 | 754 | 1 884 | | 10 mm | 78.5 | 707 | 942 | 2 355 | | 12 mm | 94.2 | 848 | 1 130 | 2 826 | _Nominal weights — mill tolerance to EN 10029 class A adds up to +4 % on thin plate; invoiced on theoretical weight unless agreed otherwise._ ### Welding, cutting and forming Bending: inside radius 1.5 × t (≤ 3 mm) / 2.0 × t (> 3 mm) transverse, 3 × t longitudinal, with a wide die opening (≥ 10 × t), deburred edges and burr inside; spring-back is large (8–12°) — over-bend or air-bend to angle. Punching is possible with clearance 12–15 % and sharp tools; laser and plasma are preferred. Welding: no preheat up to 12 mm; use under-matching G50/G55 or matching G69 consumables depending on design, heat input 0.5–1.2 kJ/mm, interpass ≤ 150 °C — a soft HAZ from excessive heat is the typical failure. Never hot-form, flame-straighten above 600 °C or stress-relieve. ### Where it is used - Telescopic and lattice crane booms, concrete-pump booms - Aerial work platform arms - Lightweight semi-trailer chassis and side rails - Truck frame reinforcements and sub-frames - Forestry and mining machine structures - Container chassis and lifting attachments ### S700MC vs S690QL Same strength, two routes. S690QL (EN 10025-6) is a quenched-and-tempered plate: 4–150 mm, needs 100–150 °C preheat and careful procedures, bends at 3–4 × t, but exists in heavy gauges. S700MC is a thermomechanical strip: 3–12 mm, no preheat, bends at 2 × t, cheaper per ton, but cannot be hot-formed and does not exist as heavy plate. Booms and chassis in ≤ 12 mm are S700MC territory; thick lifting lugs, crane pedestals and wear-exposed structures are S690QL. One step down, S500MC is the value grade. ### Price S700MC carries about 250 USD/t over the S235JR base — the highest premium in the hot-rolled list, driven by Mo alloying and mill routing. The band below is the indicative FOB Istanbul range for coil; sheet adds cut-to-length. - S700MC · 3–12 mm coil / sheet: USD 910–1055 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing We ship S700MC steel in strapped skid packs up to 5 t, each plate stencilled with its heat number so the certificate can be matched at the receiving end. Six-metre plate loads 24–25 t into a 40' HC. Plates longer than 6 m or heavier packs are booked on flat-racks or as breakbulk cargo out of Derince. Tariff heading 7208.51 / 7208.52. - Moq: One coil (≈ 15–20 t) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: To order 3–5 weeks; cut sheet +5 days - Packing: Coil eye-to-sky, VCI wrap; sheet on skids - Container: 20' one coil; 40' HC two coils or 24 t sheet - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing S700MC steel ships with EN 10204 3.1 certificates cross-referenced to the stencilled heat numbers. Where the project requires it we arrange 3.2 certification with Lloyd's, BV, TÜV or SGS, ultrasonic examination to EN 10160 and Charpy testing at the temperature you specify. ### How to order Send thickness × width (× length), tonnage, the bending direction if critical, and surface requirement (black / pickled). We confirm the mill slot and ship with 3.1 certificates showing Mo and B analysis. ### FAQ **What is steel grade 700?** Usually S700MC — the EN 10149-2 thermomechanical hot-rolled strip with 700 MPa minimum yield, material number 1.8974; the brand names Strenx 700MC and Domex 700MC describe the same class. **What is Strenx 700 material?** SSAB's trade name for its 700 MPa steels; Strenx 700MC corresponds to EN 10149-2 S700MC (cold-forming strip) and Strenx 700 E/F to S690QL-type QT plate. **Can S700MC be welded without preheating?** Yes up to 12 mm (CEV ≈ 0.40); the risk is not cracking but softening — keep heat input at 0.5–1.2 kJ/mm and interpass below 150 °C. **What is the minimum bend radius of S700MC?** 1.5 × t up to 3 mm and 2.0 × t above 3 mm transverse to rolling (3 × t longitudinal), per EN 10149-2, with deburred edges and burr on the inside. **What is the equivalent of S700MC in ASTM?** There is no exact ASTM equivalent; A656 Grade 80 (550 MPa) and A1011 HSLAS-F Grade 80 are the nearest sheet grades, A514 the nearest plate. **Why must S700MC not be heat treated?** Its strength comes from the fine grain created by thermomechanical rolling; heating above about 600 °C coarsens the grain and the yield can drop by 100–200 MPa. ## Wear Resistant Steel Plate URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/wear-resistant-plate/ Wear plate is quenched-and-tempered martensitic steel supplied by hardness: 400 HB for tipper bodies and general wear, 450 HB for buckets and chutes, 500 HB for crusher liners and mining. S690QL (EN 10025-6, 690 MPa yield) is the high-strength structural cousin for booms, chassis and lifting frames. We stock 6–40 mm in the 400 and 450 classes, order 500 HB and thick plate from the mill, and cut everything to DXF on our plasma, laser and water-jet lines. Generic grades, branded equivalence on request — no trademarks claimed. ### What is wear-resistant (AR) plate? Abrasion-resistant plate is low-alloy steel (C 0.15–0.30%, Mn, Cr, Mo, B) that is water-quenched after rolling and lightly tempered, giving a hard martensitic structure of 370–540 HB through the thickness while keeping enough toughness to cut, bend and weld. It lasts 3–5× longer than S355 in sliding abrasion — sand, gravel, ore, coal, scrap, cement clinker — which is why buckets, tipper floors, chutes, hoppers, liners and screens are made from it. Branded plates (Hardox®, Dillidur®, XAR®, Raex®) are mill trademarks; the hardness classes below are the generic, certified equivalents we supply. ### Grade pages Each wear class has its own page with hardness, chemistry, bending and welding limits, equivalents and plate weights: AR400 wear plate (the formable all-rounder), AR450 wear plate (the tipper-body grade), AR500 wear plate (liners and fixed parts) and, for load-bearing parts that also wear, the quenched-and-tempered structural S690QL plate. ### Hardness classes and properties | Class | Hardness HBW | Yield typ. (MPa) | Tensile typ. (MPa) | Impact (−40 °C) | Min. bend radius | Max. service temp. | Branded equivalents (properties) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 400 HB | 370–430 | 1 000 | 1 250 | 45 J | 3t (transverse) | 250 °C | Hardox 400, Dillidur 400V, XAR 400, Raex 400 | | 450 HB | 420–475 | 1 200 | 1 400 | 40 J | 4t | 250 °C | Hardox 450, Dillidur 450V, XAR 450, Raex 450 | | 500 HB | 470–530 | 1 300 | 1 550 | 30 J | 5t | 250 °C | Hardox 500, Dillidur 500V, XAR 500, Raex 500 | | S690QL | ≈ 240–290 | 690 min | 770–940 | 30 J (−40 °C) | 3t | — | Weldox 700, Dillimax 690, XABO 690, Strenx 700 | | S890QL | ≈ 300–340 | 890 min | 940–1 100 | 30 J | 4t | — | Weldox 900, Dillimax 890 | _Brand names shown for property comparison only; we supply generic grades with mill 3.1 certificates stating hardness and chemistry._ ### Which hardness for which job | Application | Class | Typical thickness | Why | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Tipper and dump bodies | 400 HB (450 floor) | 4–8 mm | Best weldability/formability, 3× life of S355 | | Excavator and loader buckets | 450 HB (500 cutting edge) | 8–25 mm | Balance of wear and toughness | | Chutes, hoppers, bins (sliding abrasion) | 450 / 500 HB | 6–20 mm | Sliding wear dominates | | Crusher and mill liners, screens | 500 HB | 12–40 mm | Maximum hardness | | Concrete mixer drums, asphalt plants | 400 HB | 4–6 mm | Formed shells | | Crane booms, lifting frames, chassis | S690QL / S890QL | 6–60 mm | Yield strength, not hardness | | Shredder and recycling plant | 500 HB | 10–50 mm | Impact + abrasion | ### Sizes and stock | Class | Thickness | Width | Length | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 400 HB | 4–80 mm | 1 500 / 2 000 / 2 500 | 6 000 / 12 000 | 6–40 mm stock | | 450 HB | 4–80 mm | 1 500 / 2 000 / 2 500 | 6 000 / 12 000 | 8–30 mm stock | | 500 HB | 6–100 mm | 2 000 / 2 500 | 6 000 / 12 000 | Mill order 4–8 weeks | | S690QL | 6–100 mm | 2 000 / 2 500 | 6 000 / 12 000 | 8–40 mm partly stock | | S890QL | 6–60 mm | 2 000 / 2 500 | 6 000 / 12 000 | Mill order | ### Cutting, bending and welding wear plate Cutting: plasma to 80 mm and laser to 25 mm are standard; keep the plate below 250 °C (cutting speed, no flame preheating) so the hardness is not drawn; water-jet for hardness-critical edges. Bending: cold only, across the rolling direction, radius per the table (3–5t), die opening 10–14t, deburred edges; never hot-form above 250 °C. Welding: low-hydrogen consumables (E7018 / ER70S-6 for the joint, matching strength only where needed), preheat 100–175 °C from 20 mm (400 HB) or 10 mm (500 HB), interpass ≤ 225 °C, and keep welds out of the wear zone. Drilling with carbide or cobalt drills at low speed; tapping is possible in 400 HB, difficult in 500 HB. ### Processing we offer - Plasma / laser / water-jet cutting to DXF, ±0.5 mm (plasma) / ±0.1 mm (laser) - Bevelling for weld prep, drilling and countersinking (carbide) - Press-brake bending to 6 m, radius per class - Rolling of drum shells and cones (400 HB to 12 mm) - Kits for buckets, bodies and liners: nested, cut, labelled, bolted liner sets with countersunk holes ### Wear plate vs S355 vs stainless vs hardfacing | Material | Hardness | Relative life | Relative cost per m² | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | S355J2 | 160 HB | 1 | 1.0 | Baseline | | 400 HB wear plate | 400 | 3–4 | 2.0–2.4 | Formable, weldable | | 500 HB wear plate | 500 | 5–6 | 2.4–2.8 | Liners, mining | | Chromium-carbide overlay | 600–700 | 8–15 | 5–8 | Not formable; bolted liners | | Stainless 304 | 180 HB | 0.8 | 5.5 | Corrosion, not wear | | Manganese steel (Hadfield) | 200 → 500 work-hardened | 4–8 (impact) | 3–5 | Casting, impact wear | ### Wear plate price per ton Wear plate and Q&T plate are priced per mill lot at 2–2.8× the S355J2 level (alloying, quenching, small lots): 400 HB lowest, 500 HB and S890QL highest, thin plate (4–6 mm) above thick. Cutting is quoted per metre. Ask for the current USD/MT for your class, thickness and quantity. - AR400 · 6–40 mm: on request / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - AR500 · 6–40 mm: on request / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - S690QL: on request / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Plates in packs to 5 t, kits crated; 6 m in 40' HC, 12 m by flat-rack. HS code 7225.40 (alloy flat-rolled, quenched and tempered) — for many markets a different duty rate from 7208; stated on the invoice. - Moq: 3 t per class/thickness; 1 × 20' for freight economy - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: 400/450 HB stock 5–10 working days; 500 HB, S690QL/S890QL 4–8 weeks; cutting +5–10 - Packing: Packs to 5 t on skids; cut kits crated and labelled - Container: 40' HC ≈ 24 t · flat-rack for 12 m · truck 24 t - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 with hardness, certificate of origin; UT / 3.2 on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight via London office ### Certificates EN 10204 3.1 with hardness (HBW per plate), chemistry, and for S690QL yield/tensile/impact per EN 10025-6; UT to EN 10160 on request; certificate of origin; 3.2 on request. ### How to order Send class (400/450/500 HB or S690QL), thickness, sheet size or DXF, quantity and port. Reply within one working day with price per ton and per part, nesting and lead time. ### FAQ **Is your wear plate Hardox?** No — Hardox is SSAB's trademark. We supply generic quenched-and-tempered wear plate in 400, 450 and 500 HB classes from European and Asian mills, certified by hardness and chemistry, with properties comparable to the branded grades listed for reference. **What is the density of 400 HB wear plate?** 7.85 kg/dm³ like other carbon steels; a 10 mm plate weighs 78.5 kg/m² and a 2 000 × 6 000 mm plate 942 kg. **What is the difference between 400 and 500 HB?** Hardness 370–430 vs 470–530 HBW: 500 HB lasts about 50–70% longer in sliding abrasion but is harder to bend (5t vs 3t), needs more preheat for welding and has lower impact toughness. Tipper bodies use 400/450, liners 500. **Can wear plate be welded?** Yes, with low-hydrogen consumables, 100–175 °C preheat from 20 mm (400 HB) or 10 mm (500 HB), interpass below 225 °C and welds kept out of the wear zone. S690QL welds with matching high-strength consumables. **Can wear plate be bent?** Cold, across the rolling direction, at 3t (400 HB), 4t (450) and 5t (500) minimum inside radius with deburred edges. Never hot-form above 250 °C — it destroys the hardness. **What is S690QL used for?** Crane booms, telescopic sections, lifting frames, truck chassis and mining structures where 690 MPa yield cuts weight; it is a structural Q&T steel to EN 10025-6, not a wear plate. **How much does wear plate cost?** Roughly 2–2.8 times the price of S355J2 plate per ton, depending on class, thickness and lot; firm USD/MT and per-part prices within one working day. **Do you cut bucket and liner parts?** Yes — plasma, laser and water-jet to DXF, countersunk bolt holes, bevels and bending; kits ship crated and labelled with the plate order. ## AR400 Wear Plate URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/ar400-wear-plate/ Most wear parts are AR400 — not because it is the hardest, but because it is the hardest plate that a workshop can still bend, drill and weld without special measures. If you are replacing S355 that wears out too fast, AR400 is the first step and usually the last. ### What is AR400 wear plate? AR400 — AR for abrasion-resistant, 400 for the nominal Brinell hardness — is a low-alloy plate (about 0.15–0.20 % carbon with small boron, chromium and manganese additions) that is water-quenched straight from the rolling heat and lightly tempered so that its structure is fine martensite through the full thickness. The result is a plate roughly 2.5 times harder than S355 (400 vs 160 HB) with a yield strength around 1 000 MPa, yet — because the carbon is kept low and the alloying lean — it remains tough (typically 40 J at −40 °C), bendable and weldable. In sliding abrasion against sand, ore, coal, aggregate or grain, relative wear life is roughly proportional to hardness, so AR400 lasts three to four times longer than a mild-steel part of the same thickness, which is why a 6 mm AR400 truck floor replaces a 10 mm S355 floor and saves 300 kg per body. The plate is sold under mill brand names — Hardox 400 (SSAB), Dillidur 400 V (Dillinger), XAR 400 (thyssenkrupp), Raex 400 (Raahe), JFE-EH400, NM400 (China) — which differ in guaranteed hardness range, flatness and bending data but are interchangeable for most applications; we quote the brand available at the lead time you need and state it on the certificate. AR400 is not a structural grade: no yield is guaranteed by any EN standard, and it should not be used for load-bearing members without the mill's design data. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni | Mo | B | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | ≤ 0.20 | ≤ 0.70 | ≤ 1.60 | ≤ 0.025 | ≤ 0.010 | ≤ 1.00 | ≤ 0.25 | ≤ 0.25 | ≤ 0.005 | _CEV typically 0.35–0.45 for ≤ 20 mm; the boron is what gives through-hardening at low carbon. Composition is chosen by the mill per thickness to reach the hardness — check the certificate._ ### Hardness and mechanical properties | Property | Requirement | Typical value | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Brinell hardness (surface) | 360–440 HB | 400 HB | EN ISO 6506-1, 0.5–2 mm below surface | | Yield strength Rp0.2 | not guaranteed | ≈ 1 000 MPa | for design use mill data | | Tensile strength Rm | not guaranteed | ≈ 1 250 MPa | | | Elongation A5 | — | ≈ 10 % | | | Charpy V (longitudinal) | — | ≈ 45 J at −40 °C | mill guarantee available | | Max. service temperature | — | 250 °C | hardness drops above | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | SSAB | Hardox 400 | the reference brand | | Dillinger | Dillidur 400 V | | | thyssenkrupp | XAR 400 | | | Raahe / SSAB | Raex 400 | | | JFE | JFE-EH400 | | | GB/T 24186 | NM400 | Chinese mills | | ASTM | A514 (approx.) | structural Q&T, not a wear grade | ### Bending and forming limits | Thickness | Min. inner radius | Min. die width | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 6–8 mm | 3 × t | 10 × t | longitudinal bends: 4 × t | | 10–12 mm | 3 × t | 12 × t | grind cut edges before bending | | 15–20 mm | 3.5 × t | 14 × t | slow bending, no impact | | 25–40 mm | 4 × t | 16 × t | consider hot forming or pre-bent supply | _Bend with the cut burr on the inside; remove hardened plasma edges (0.5–1 mm) by grinding on critical bends. Radii apply at ≥ 10 °C plate temperature._ ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 6–12 mm | 2 000 / 2 500 × 6 000 / 12 000 | stock brands, 3–7 days | | 15–25 mm | 2 000 / 2 500 × 6 000 | stock and mill order | | 30–40 mm | 2 000 / 2 500 × 6 000 | mill order 4–6 weeks | | Cut parts | plasma / laser per DXF, up to 25 mm laser | from 500 kg | ### Weight per m² and per plate | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 500 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 000 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 500 × 12 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 6 mm | 47.1 | 424 | 565 | 1 413 | | 8 mm | 62.8 | 565 | 754 | 1 884 | | 10 mm | 78.5 | 707 | 942 | 2 355 | | 12 mm | 94.2 | 848 | 1 130 | 2 826 | | 15 mm | 117.8 | 1 060 | 1 413 | 3 533 | | 20 mm | 157.0 | 1 413 | 1 884 | 4 710 | | 25 mm | 196.3 | 1 766 | 2 355 | 5 888 | | 30 mm | 235.5 | 2 120 | 2 826 | 7 065 | | 40 mm | 314.0 | 2 826 | 3 768 | 9 420 | _Nominal weights — mill tolerance to EN 10029 class A adds up to +4 % on thin plate; invoiced on theoretical weight unless agreed otherwise._ ### Cutting, welding and machining Plasma and laser cut cleanly; oxy-fuel is possible on thicker plate but leaves a wider hardened edge — preheat to 100–150 °C above 20 mm to avoid edge cracking, and let cut parts cool slowly in a stack. Welding: any low-hydrogen process (MAG with G3Si1 / G4Si1 solid wire, basic electrodes, flux-cored) with soft, unalloyed or low-alloy consumables — the weld is not expected to be wear-resistant, only sound; preheat 20 mm and above (100 °C) or when combined thickness exceeds 40 mm; keep interpass below 225 °C; keep the HAZ narrow. Drilling with cobalt HSS or carbide at low speed and firm feed; tapping is hard — through-bolts or welded studs are easier. Never flame-straighten above 250 °C: the hardness is lost. ### Where it is used - Tipper and dump-truck bodies and floors - Excavator and loader buckets — sides, bottoms and lips - Chutes, hoppers, transfer points and bins - Liner plates for crushers, mills and screens - Agricultural and forestry equipment blades and wear strips - Concrete mixer drums and recycling equipment ### AR400 vs AR450 vs AR500 AR450 adds 10–15 % wear life for a slightly tighter bend radius and is the modern choice for truck bodies; AR500 lasts about 30 % longer than AR400 but bends only at 5 × t and needs preheat for welding — for liners and fixed parts. For structural parts that must also carry load, S690QL gives guaranteed yield at 690 MPa. Below AR400 there is only S355J2 at a third of the wear life. ### Price Wear plate is quoted per plate or per cut part rather than by list band: the price depends on brand, thickness and quantity, and moves with the European Q&T mill lists. Ask with the size list and we return a firm offer within a working day. - AR400 · 6–40 mm: on request / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Packing for AR400 wear plate: plates banded on hardwood skids (max 5 t per pack), edges protected, heat numbers marked; Six-metre plate loads 24–25 t into a 40' HC. Over-length plate is loaded flat-rack, and heavy plate above 25 t per piece travels breakbulk from Derince. HS 7208.51 / 7208.52. - Moq: 1 plate (cut parts from 500 kg) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock sizes 3–7 working days; mill order 4–6 weeks - Packing: Plates on bearers, banded, heat stencilled; cut parts on pallets - Container: 20' ≈ 20 t; 40' HC ≈ 24 t of 6 m plate - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing Every lot of AR400 wear plate carries an EN 10204 3.1 inspection certificate listing heat, chemistry, mechanical and impact results. On request we add 3.2 witnessing by a classification society or inspector, EN 10160 ultrasonic testing and supplementary impact tests at the customer's design temperature. ### How to order Specify AR400 (or a brand), thickness × width × length or the DXF for cut parts, quantity, whether bending is planned (we advise on direction and radius) and the certificate level; state impact or temperature requirements if any. ### FAQ **What is AR400 steel?** Quenched-and-tempered abrasion-resistant plate with a nominal Brinell hardness of 400 HB (360–440 guaranteed), used for buckets, truck bodies, chutes and liners; Hardox 400, Dillidur 400 and XAR 400 are the common brands. **Is AR400 the same as Hardox 400?** Hardox 400 is SSAB's brand of AR400-class plate; other mills make equivalent plate (Dillidur 400, XAR 400, Raex 400, NM400). Guaranteed hardness ranges and bending data differ slightly. **Can AR400 be welded?** Yes, with any low-hydrogen process and soft consumables; preheat is only needed from about 20 mm. The weld itself is not wear-resistant. **Can AR400 be bent?** Yes — minimum inner radius about 3 × thickness transverse to the rolling direction, with ground cut edges and a die width of 10–16 × t. **How much longer does AR400 last than mild steel?** In sliding abrasion roughly three to four times longer than S355 at the same thickness, which lets a part be made thinner and lighter. **What is the price of AR400 plate?** Quoted per plate or per ton on request — it depends on brand, thickness and quantity. Send the size list for a firm offer. ## AR450 Wear Plate URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/ar450-wear-plate/ AR450 is the grade that made the thin tipper body possible: hard enough to shrug off gravel and demolition waste, ductile enough to be folded into a body side in one piece. It has become the default over AR400 in transport and quarry equipment. ### What is AR450 wear plate? AR450 is a quenched martensitic plate hardened to a nominal 450 HB — the mills guarantee 420–475 — from a chemistry only slightly richer in carbon and boron than AR400. The extra 50 Brinell points buy about 15 % more life in sliding abrasion and a noticeably higher resistance to gouging by sharp rock, while the plate keeps roughly the toughness of AR400 (typically 30–40 J at −40 °C) and can still be cold-bent at 3.5–4 × t. That combination is why it displaced AR400 in the body-building trade in the 2010s: tipper floors went from 8 mm AR400 to 5–6 mm AR450, trailer sides to 4 mm, and the same happened in loader buckets, screens and recycling equipment. The plate is made by every Q&T mill — Hardox 450 is the best-known, with Dillidur 450 V, XAR 450, Raex 450, JFE-EH450 and NM450 as equivalents — and thinner gauges (4–5 mm) are increasingly available as cut sheet and coil from SSAB and thyssenkrupp. Like all AR plate it has no standardised yield strength and loses hardness above about 250 °C, so it is a wear part, not a structural member, and must not be hot-worked or flame-straightened. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni | Mo | B | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | ≤ 0.26 | ≤ 0.70 | ≤ 1.60 | ≤ 0.025 | ≤ 0.010 | ≤ 1.40 | ≤ 0.25 | ≤ 0.60 | ≤ 0.005 | _CEV about 0.40–0.50 depending on thickness; the higher carbon is what raises the hardness over AR400._ ### Hardness and mechanical properties | Property | Requirement | Typical value | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Brinell hardness | 420–475 HB | 450 HB | EN ISO 6506-1 | | Yield strength Rp0.2 | not guaranteed | ≈ 1 200 MPa | | | Tensile strength Rm | not guaranteed | ≈ 1 400 MPa | | | Elongation A5 | — | ≈ 10 % | | | Charpy V | — | ≈ 35 J at −40 °C | longitudinal | | Max. service temperature | — | 250 °C | | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | SSAB | Hardox 450 | reference brand | | Dillinger | Dillidur 450 V | | | thyssenkrupp | XAR 450 | | | SSAB Raahe | Raex 450 | | | JFE | JFE-EH450 | | | GB/T 24186 | NM450 | Chinese mills | ### Thickness choice for truck bodies and buckets | Application | AR450 | Replaces | Weight saving | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Tipper body floor, aggregates | 5–6 mm | 8 mm AR400 / 10 mm S355 | ≈ 30–45 % | | Tipper body sides | 4–5 mm | 6 mm AR400 | ≈ 20–30 % | | Demolition / rock body floor | 8–10 mm | 12 mm AR400 | ≈ 20 % | | Loader bucket bottom | 12–20 mm | 15–25 mm AR400 | ≈ 15 % | | Bucket side cutters, wear strips | 20–30 mm | AR400 same | — (longer life) | | Chute / hopper liners | 6–12 mm | 10–15 mm AR400 | ≈ 25 % | _Savings assume equal wear life in sliding abrasion; with heavy impact keep the thicker AR400 or add wear strips._ ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 5–8 mm | 2 000 / 2 500 × 6 000 / 8 000 / 12 000 | stock brands | | 10–20 mm | 2 000 / 2 500 × 6 000 | stock and mill | | 25–30 mm | 2 000 / 2 500 × 6 000 | mill order | | Cut parts | plasma / laser (≤ 25 mm) per DXF | from 500 kg | ### Weight per m² and per plate | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 500 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 000 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 500 × 12 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 5 mm | 39.3 | 353 | 471 | 1 178 | | 6 mm | 47.1 | 424 | 565 | 1 413 | | 8 mm | 62.8 | 565 | 754 | 1 884 | | 10 mm | 78.5 | 707 | 942 | 2 355 | | 12 mm | 94.2 | 848 | 1 130 | 2 826 | | 15 mm | 117.8 | 1 060 | 1 413 | 3 533 | | 20 mm | 157.0 | 1 413 | 1 884 | 4 710 | | 25 mm | 196.3 | 1 766 | 2 355 | 5 888 | | 30 mm | 235.5 | 2 120 | 2 826 | 7 065 | _Nominal weights — mill tolerance to EN 10029 class A adds up to +4 % on thin plate; invoiced on theoretical weight unless agreed otherwise._ ### Bending, cutting and welding Cold-bend at ≥ 3.5 × t transverse (4.5 × t longitudinal) with a die width of 12–16 × t and ground edges; large-radius body folds are routine on a 6–8 m press brake. Plasma and laser cut without preheat up to 20 mm; oxy-fuel needs 150 °C preheat above 20 mm. Weld with low-hydrogen processes and soft consumables (≤ 500 MPa yield); preheat from 15 mm (100–125 °C), interpass ≤ 225 °C, and avoid welding across the whole width of a highly stressed floor in one pass. Drill with carbide or cobalt HSS at half the speed used for S355. ### Where it is used - Tipper, dump-truck and trailer bodies (floor and sides) - Loader and excavator buckets, screens and grizzlies - Recycling, shredder and crusher wear parts - Chutes, hoppers, cyclones and conveyor liners - Agricultural blades, cultivator points and wear plates - Concrete and asphalt plant liners ### AR450 vs AR400 vs AR500 Against AR400, AR450 gives 10–15 % more life for a small bending penalty and about the same price — the reason it has become the default. AR500 is 10–15 % harder again but much less forgiving: it bends at 5 × t, needs preheat for welding and is reserved for flat liners and fixed parts. For load-bearing wear parts use S690QL. ### Price Quoted per plate or per cut part rather than by list band; the offer depends on brand, thickness and quantity and follows the European Q&T plate lists. Send the size list for a firm price within a working day. - AR450 · 6–30 mm: on request / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing We ship AR450 wear plate in strapped skid packs up to 5 t, each plate stencilled with its heat number so the certificate can be matched at the receiving end. One 40' HC carries 24–25 t of 6 m plate; short plate goes 20 t to a 20'. Plates longer than 6 m or heavier packs are booked on flat-racks or as breakbulk cargo out of Derince. Tariff heading 7208.51 / 7208.52. - Moq: 1 plate (cut parts from 500 kg) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock 3–7 working days; mill order 4–6 weeks - Packing: Plates on bearers, banded; cut parts palletised - Container: 20' ≈ 20 t; 40' HC ≈ 24 t; 8 m plate on flat-rack - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing Every lot of AR450 wear plate carries an EN 10204 3.1 inspection certificate listing heat, chemistry, mechanical and impact results. On request we add 3.2 witnessing by a classification society or inspector, EN 10160 ultrasonic testing and supplementary impact tests at the customer's design temperature. ### How to order Specify AR450 (or brand), thickness × width × length or DXF, quantity, bending plans and certificate; thin gauges (4–5 mm) in coil or cut sheet on request. ### FAQ **What is AR450 plate?** Quenched abrasion-resistant plate with 420–475 HB hardness (nominal 450) — about 15 % more wear life than AR400 with nearly the same formability; the standard grade for tipper bodies and buckets. **Is AR450 the same as Hardox 450?** Hardox 450 is the SSAB brand of AR450-class plate; Dillidur 450, XAR 450, Raex 450 and NM450 are equivalents from other mills. **What bend radius does AR450 need?** About 3.5 × thickness transverse and 4.5 × longitudinal, with ground edges and a die width of 12–16 × t. **Can AR450 be welded without preheat?** Up to about 15 mm yes, with low-hydrogen consumables; thicker plate or combined thickness above 30 mm needs 100–125 °C preheat. **What thickness of AR450 for a tipper floor?** 5–6 mm for aggregates and soil, 8–10 mm for rock and demolition — replacing 8–12 mm AR400 with 20–45 % less weight. ## AR500 Wear Plate URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/ar500-wear-plate/ When a liner is changed every six weeks and every change stops the line, another 30 % of life is worth more than the difference in plate price. AR500 is the grade of the mining, cement and aggregate plants that count downtime in tons per hour. ### What is AR500 wear plate? AR500 is a quenched-and-tempered plate hardened to a nominal 500 HB (mills guarantee 470–530, some to 540) with a carbon content around 0.30 % and chromium–molybdenum–boron alloying that hardens the full thickness up to 40 mm and more. At that hardness the plate resists sliding abrasion about 30 % better than AR400 and stands up to hard, sharp minerals — granite, basalt, sinter, clinker, slag — that gouge softer plate. What it gives up is ductility: elongation is around 8 %, cold bending needs an inner radius of 5–6 × t and is best avoided, toughness is lower (typically 25–30 J at −40 °C), and welding without preheat cracks in the heat-affected zone. So AR500 is used as flat or gently curved plate, mostly bolted: crusher and grinding-mill liners, screen decks and grizzly bars, chute and hopper floors, dredge pump housings, cement and sinter plant liners, and the lip and wear strips of buckets where AR400/450 bodies get local reinforcement. Every Q&T mill makes it — Hardox 500 (SSAB), Dillidur 500 V, XAR 500, Raex 500, JFE-EH500, NM500 — and above it come AR550/600 and the ceramic-composite plates for the most extreme service. Hardness falls away above 200–250 °C, which rules out hot service, hot slag and flame straightening. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni | Mo | B | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | ≤ 0.30 | ≤ 0.70 | ≤ 1.60 | ≤ 0.020 | ≤ 0.010 | ≤ 1.50 | ≤ 1.50 | ≤ 0.60 | ≤ 0.005 | _CEV about 0.50–0.65 → preheat required for welding; check the certificate for the actual analysis of the thickness ordered._ ### Hardness and mechanical properties | Property | Requirement | Typical value | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Brinell hardness | 470–530 HB | 500 HB | EN ISO 6506-1 | | Yield strength Rp0.2 | not guaranteed | ≈ 1 300 MPa | | | Tensile strength Rm | not guaranteed | ≈ 1 550 MPa | | | Elongation A5 | — | ≈ 8 % | | | Charpy V | — | ≈ 30 J at −40 °C | longitudinal | | Max. service temperature | — | 200–250 °C | | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | SSAB | Hardox 500 | reference brand | | Dillinger | Dillidur 500 V | | | thyssenkrupp | XAR 500 | | | SSAB Raahe | Raex 500 | | | JFE | JFE-EH500 | | | GB/T 24186 | NM500 | Chinese mills | ### Relative wear life by hardness class | Grade | Hardness | Relative life | Cold bending | Welding | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | S355J2 | ≈ 160 HB | 1 | free | free | | AR400 | 400 HB | 3–4 | 3 × t | no preheat ≤ 20 mm | | AR450 | 450 HB | 3.5–4.5 | 3.5–4 × t | preheat ≥ 15 mm | | AR500 | 500 HB | 4.5–5.5 | 5–6 × t (avoid) | preheat always | | AR550 / 600 | 550–600 HB | 5.5–7 | not recommended | preheat, special | | Chromium-carbide overlay | 58–62 HRC | 10–20 | no | bolt or stud-weld | _Ratios are for sliding abrasion with mineral particles; under heavy impact the tougher AR400/450 often outlast AR500 because they do not chip._ ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 6–12 mm | 2 000 / 2 500 × 6 000 | stock brands | | 15–25 mm | 2 000 / 2 500 × 6 000 | stock and mill | | 30–40 mm | 2 000 / 2 500 × 6 000 | mill order 4–8 weeks | | Cut liners | plasma per DXF, drilled / countersunk on request | from 500 kg | ### Weight per m² and per plate | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 500 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 000 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 500 × 12 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 6 mm | 47.1 | 424 | 565 | 1 413 | | 8 mm | 62.8 | 565 | 754 | 1 884 | | 10 mm | 78.5 | 707 | 942 | 2 355 | | 12 mm | 94.2 | 848 | 1 130 | 2 826 | | 15 mm | 117.8 | 1 060 | 1 413 | 3 533 | | 20 mm | 157.0 | 1 413 | 1 884 | 4 710 | | 25 mm | 196.3 | 1 766 | 2 355 | 5 888 | | 30 mm | 235.5 | 2 120 | 2 826 | 7 065 | | 40 mm | 314.0 | 2 826 | 3 768 | 9 420 | _Nominal weights — mill tolerance to EN 10029 class A adds up to +4 % on thin plate; invoiced on theoretical weight unless agreed otherwise._ ### Cutting, welding and fixing Plasma-cut with the plate at ≥ 20 °C; for oxy-fuel or thickness above 20 mm preheat to 150–200 °C and cool slowly under cover — cut edges are hard and prone to cracking. Weld only with low-hydrogen processes and soft austenitic (307/309) or low-alloy consumables, preheat 150–175 °C at all thicknesses, interpass ≤ 200 °C, and keep welds short and away from the wear face; plug welds and stud-welded bolts are the standard fixing for liners. Cold bending is possible above 5 × t but chipping risk is high — order pre-formed parts from the mill for curved liners. Countersunk holes are cut by plasma or drilled with carbide at low speed. ### Where it is used - Crusher, grinding-mill and screen liners - Chute, hopper, cyclone and silo wear floors - Cement, sinter and pellet plant liners - Dredge, slurry pump and pipeline wear parts - Bucket lips, wear strips and cutting edges - Shredder and recycling plant wear parts ### AR500 vs AR450 vs AR400 AR400 and AR450 are the grades for anything that is formed, welded extensively or takes impact; AR500 is for flat, bolted, sliding-abrasion service where every extra week of life counts. For load-bearing parts that also wear, S690QL at 690 MPa guaranteed yield is the structural alternative. ### Price AR500 is quoted per plate or per cut part rather than from a list band; brand, thickness and tonnage set the price, which follows the European Q&T plate lists. A firm offer comes back within a working day of receiving the size list. - AR500 · 6–40 mm: on request / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Export packing of AR500 wear plate is by skid: up to 5 t per pack, steel straps, corner boards, stencilled heat numbers and a pack list that references the 3.1 certificates. One 40' HC carries 24–25 t of 6 m plate; short plate goes 20 t to a 20'. Long and heavy plate is shipped flat-rack or breakbulk via Derince. HS code 7208.51 / 7208.52. - Moq: 1 plate (cut parts from 500 kg) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock 3–7 working days; mill order 4–8 weeks - Packing: Plates on bearers, banded, stencilled; cut parts palletised - Container: 20' ≈ 20 t; 40' HC ≈ 24 t of 6 m plate - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing AR500 wear plate ships with EN 10204 3.1 certificates cross-referenced to the stencilled heat numbers. Where the project requires it we arrange 3.2 certification with Lloyd's, BV, TÜV or SGS, ultrasonic examination to EN 10160 and Charpy testing at the temperature you specify. ### How to order Specify AR500 (or brand), thickness × width × length or DXF (with hole pattern for liners), quantity, and whether any bending or welding is planned; certificate 3.1 standard. ### FAQ **What is AR500 steel?** Quenched-and-tempered abrasion-resistant plate with 470–530 HB hardness (nominal 500) — about 30 % more wear life than AR400, used for liners and fixed wear parts. **Can AR500 be welded?** Yes, but only with low-hydrogen processes, soft or austenitic consumables and 150–175 °C preheat at every thickness; welds are kept short and away from the wear face. **Can AR500 be bent?** Only at 5–6 × thickness and with a real risk of chipping; for curved parts order mill-formed segments or use AR450. **Is AR500 the same as Hardox 500?** Hardox 500 is the SSAB brand of the class; Dillidur 500, XAR 500, Raex 500 and NM500 are equivalents. **Which is better, AR400 or AR500?** AR500 for sliding abrasion on flat, bolted parts; AR400 or AR450 where the part is formed, heavily welded or takes impact — harder plate chips under impact. ## S690QL Steel Plate URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/s690ql-steel-plate/ Every mobile crane boom, every lightweight trailer chassis and every telescopic handler arm is S690QL: the grade that lets a designer halve the plate thickness and keep the capacity. Unlike wear plate it comes with a guaranteed yield and a CE mark, so it can be calculated, not just used. ### What is S690QL steel plate? S690QL is defined by EN 10025-6 (high-yield-strength structural steels in the quenched and tempered condition): S for structural, 690 MPa minimum yield up to 50 mm, Q for quenched and tempered, L for impact tested at −40 °C (Q alone means −20 °C, QL1 means −60 °C). Material number 1.8928. The steel is a low-carbon (≤ 0.20 %) fine-grain alloy with chromium, molybdenum, nickel and boron, water-quenched after rolling and tempered to a tough tempered-martensite structure. That gives twice the yield of S355 with elongation still above 14 % and full weldability — the reason it is a *structural* grade with CE marking and Eurocode design rules (EN 1993-1-12), where AR wear plate is not. In a bending or buckling-governed design a member in S690QL can be made about 40–50 % lighter, which pays for itself many times over in a crane boom (longer reach for the same counterweight), a trailer (more payload), a telehandler or a mining structure. Brand names dominate the market: Strenx 700 and Weldox 700 (SSAB), Dillimax 690 (Dillinger), XABO 690 and N-A-XTRA 700 (thyssenkrupp), Raex Optim 700, Aldur 700 (voestalpine); all certify to S690QL and the certificate is what we quote against. Thickness runs 4–160 mm at the mills; we hold and cut 6–60 mm. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni | Mo | V | B | Cu | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | ≤ 0.20 | ≤ 0.80 | ≤ 1.70 | ≤ 0.020 | ≤ 0.010 | ≤ 1.50 | ≤ 2.00 | ≤ 0.70 | ≤ 0.12 | ≤ 0.005 | ≤ 0.50 | _CEV ≤ 0.65 (≤ 50 mm) by EN 10025-6; brand steels typically 0.40–0.55 for ≤ 20 mm, which is what makes them weldable with modest preheat._ ### Mechanical properties | Thickness | Yield ReH min (MPa) | Tensile Rm (MPa) | Elongation A / impact | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 3–50 mm | 690 | 770–940 | A ≥ 14 %; KV ≥ 30 J at −40 °C (QL) | | > 50–100 mm | 650 | 760–930 | A ≥ 14 % | | > 100–150 mm | 630 | 710–900 | A ≥ 14 % | | S690Q | same | same | KV ≥ 30 J at −20 °C | | S690QL1 | same | same | KV ≥ 30 J at −60 °C | | Hardness (typical) | — | ≈ 240–290 HB | not a wear grade | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | EN 10025-6 | S690QL (1.8928) | the standard | | SSAB | Strenx 700 E / Weldox 700 | brand | | Dillinger | Dillimax 690 T | brand | | thyssenkrupp | XABO 690, N-A-XTRA 700 | brand | | voestalpine | Aldur 700 QL | brand | | ASTM | A514 Grade Q / A709 HPS 100W (approx.) | US Q&T structural | | JIS | SHY685 / HW700 (approx.) | | | GB | Q690D / Q690E | Chinese | ### Weight saving vs S355 | S355J2 | S690QL equivalent | Weight saving | Typical part | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 10 mm | 6 mm | 40 % | trailer side member | | 15 mm | 8 mm | 47 % | crane boom plate | | 20 mm | 10 mm | 50 % | lifting beam flange | | 25 mm | 12–15 mm | 40–50 % | excavator boom, outrigger | | 40 mm | 20–25 mm | 38–50 % | mining structure, press frame | _Where deflection or buckling governs, the saving is smaller (stiffness E is the same for all steels) — check with EN 1993-1-12; fatigue-critical welded details also do not benefit from the higher yield._ ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 6–12 mm | 2 000 / 2 500 × 6 000 / 12 000 | stock brands | | 15–30 mm | 2 000 / 2 500 × 6 000 | stock and mill | | 40–60 mm | 2 000 / 2 500 × 6 000 | mill order 5–8 weeks | | Cut parts | laser ≤ 25 mm, plasma ≤ 60 mm, per DXF | from 500 kg | ### Weight per m² and per plate | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 500 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 000 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 500 × 12 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 6 mm | 47.1 | 424 | 565 | 1 413 | | 8 mm | 62.8 | 565 | 754 | 1 884 | | 10 mm | 78.5 | 707 | 942 | 2 355 | | 12 mm | 94.2 | 848 | 1 130 | 2 826 | | 15 mm | 117.8 | 1 060 | 1 413 | 3 533 | | 20 mm | 157.0 | 1 413 | 1 884 | 4 710 | | 25 mm | 196.3 | 1 766 | 2 355 | 5 888 | | 30 mm | 235.5 | 2 120 | 2 826 | 7 065 | | 40 mm | 314.0 | 2 826 | 3 768 | 9 420 | | 50 mm | 392.5 | 3 533 | 4 710 | 11 775 | | 60 mm | 471.0 | 4 239 | 5 652 | 14 130 | _Nominal weights — mill tolerance to EN 10029 class A adds up to +4 % on thin plate; invoiced on theoretical weight unless agreed otherwise._ ### Welding, cutting and forming Weld with low-hydrogen processes (MAG solid or metal-cored wire, basic electrodes, SAW) and matching-strength consumables (G 69 / E 69 class) where the joint must reach 690 MPa, or undermatching (G 46–55) for less critical welds with better toughness; preheat 75–125 °C above about 15 mm plate or combined thickness 40 mm, interpass ≤ 200 °C, heat input 0.8–2.0 kJ/mm — too much heat softens the HAZ below 690 MPa. No post-weld heat treatment; never normalise or flame-straighten above 550 °C. Cold-bend at ≥ 3 × t transverse (4 × t longitudinal) with ground edges; plasma and laser cut without preheat up to 20 mm; drill with HSS-Co or carbide. ### Where it is used - Mobile and crawler crane booms, jibs and outriggers - Lightweight trailers, tipper chassis and truck bodies - Telescopic handler and access platform booms - Lifting beams, spreaders and hoisting equipment - Mining, quarrying and tunnelling structures - Presses, machine frames and heavy-duty transport equipment ### S690QL vs S355J2 vs AR400 S355J2 is the everyday structural plate; S690QL gives twice the yield for about 60–80 % more per ton, so the weight saving pays whenever the structure moves or lifts. AR400 is harder (400 HB vs ≈ 260) but has no guaranteed yield and no CE mark — use it for wear, S690QL for load. For thin coil-based parts, S700MC (thermomechanical, ≤ 12 mm) is the coil alternative at similar strength. ### Price S690QL is quoted per plate or per cut part rather than from a list band; brand, thickness, tonnage and certificate (3.1 or 3.2) set the price, which follows the European Q&T mill lists. Send the size list and we return a firm offer within a working day. - S690QL · 6–60 mm: on request / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Export packing of S690QL steel plate is by skid: up to 5 t per pack, steel straps, corner boards, stencilled heat numbers and a pack list that references the 3.1 certificates. One 40' HC carries 24–25 t of 6 m plate; short plate goes 20 t to a 20'. Long and heavy plate is shipped flat-rack or breakbulk via Derince. HS code 7208.51 / 7208.52. - Moq: 1 plate (cut parts from 500 kg) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock 3–7 working days; mill order 5–8 weeks - Packing: Plates on bearers, banded, heat stencilled; cut parts palletised - Container: 20' ≈ 20 t; 40' HC ≈ 24 t of 6 m plate - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing S690QL steel plate is delivered with the mill certificate EN 10204 3.1 — heat number, ladle analysis, tensile and impact results and the delivery condition. Third-party 3.2 certification (Lloyd's, BV, TÜV, SGS), ultrasonic testing to EN 10160 and extra Charpy tests at a lower temperature are ordered per lot. ### How to order Specify S690QL (or QL1 / Q, or a brand), thickness × width × length or DXF, quantity, certificate (3.1, or 3.2 for lifting equipment), and note any welding-procedure or impact requirements beyond the standard. ### FAQ **What is S690QL steel?** A quenched-and-tempered structural steel to EN 10025-6 with 690 MPa minimum yield and 30 J impact at −40 °C (material 1.8928) — twice the strength of S355 for cranes, trailers, booms and lifting equipment. **What does QL mean in S690QL?** Q = quenched and tempered delivery condition; L = impact tested at −40 °C (Q alone is −20 °C, QL1 is −60 °C). **What is the equivalent of Strenx 700 / Weldox 700?** Both are SSAB brands certified to EN 10025-6 S690QL; Dillimax 690, XABO 690, N-A-XTRA 700 and Aldur 700 are equivalents from other mills. **Can S690QL be welded?** Yes, with low-hydrogen processes, controlled heat input (0.8–2 kJ/mm), preheat above about 15 mm and no post-weld heat treatment; matching or undermatching consumables depending on the joint. **What is the difference between S690QL and Hardox 400?** S690QL is a structural grade with guaranteed yield and CE marking, about 260 HB; Hardox 400 is a wear grade at 400 HB with no guaranteed yield. One carries load, the other resists abrasion. **What is the price of S690QL plate?** About 60–80 % above S355 per ton, quoted per plate on request — send the size list. ## Heavy Steel Plate URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/heavy-plate/ Heavy plate for the jobs where mass matters: machine and press bases, die and mould plates, foundation and column base plates, crane and mining components, shipyard blocks and counterweights — 25 to 200 mm thick in S235JR, S355J2+N and K2+N, 2 000–3 000 mm wide. Flame-cut to size on our 80 mm plasma and oxy-fuel tables (thicker by multi-torch), UT-tested, and shipped by flat-rack or breakbulk when the pieces exceed container limits. ### Heavy plate: what changes above 25 mm Above about 25 mm the plate is rolled from a slab on a reversing mill, and three things change: mechanical properties drop with thickness (S355J2 yield 355 MPa at ≤ 16 mm, 315 MPa at 80–100 mm), internal soundness must be checked by ultrasonic testing because of possible centre segregation, and through-thickness ductility (Z-quality) matters for heavily welded T-joints. Normalized delivery (+N) is standard from 40 mm because it refines the grain and stabilises the impact values. Weight becomes the practical limit: a 100 × 2 500 × 12 000 mm plate weighs 23.5 t and must ship as a single breakbulk piece. ### Weight chart | Thickness | kg/m² | 2 000 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 500 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 500 × 12 000 (kg) | 3 000 × 12 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 25 mm | 196 | 2 355 | 2 944 | 5 888 | 7 065 | | 30 mm | 236 | 2 826 | 3 533 | 7 065 | 8 478 | | 40 mm | 314 | 3 768 | 4 710 | 9 420 | 11 304 | | 50 mm | 393 | 4 710 | 5 888 | 11 775 | 14 130 | | 60 mm | 471 | 5 652 | 7 065 | 14 130 | 16 956 | | 80 mm | 628 | 7 536 | 9 420 | 18 840 | 22 608 | | 100 mm | 785 | 9 420 | 11 775 | 23 550 | 28 260 | | 120 mm | 942 | 11 304 | 14 130 | 28 260 | — | | 150 mm | 1 178 | 14 130 | 17 663 | — | — | | 200 mm | 1 570 | 18 840 | 23 550 | — | — | _Mill lengths up to 12 m (18 m on request); pieces over 25 t by breakbulk only._ ### Grades for heavy plate For die and mould plates the industry often uses S355J2+N with a stress-relieving heat treatment and milled faces; for hardness-critical dies see the wear-resistant / Q&T page. | Grade | Yield (40–63 mm) | Delivery | Use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | S235JR | 215 MPa | As rolled | Counterweights, non-structural bases, slab | | S275JR | 255 MPa | As rolled | Bases, frames | | S355J2+N | 335 MPa | Normalized | Machine bases, press frames, structural base plates, cranes (standard) | | S355K2+N | 335 MPa | Normalized | Heavy welded structures, offshore, wind flanges | | S355J2+N Z35 | 335 MPa | Normalized, Z-tested | Heavily welded T-joints, box columns | | P265GH / P355GH | — | Normalized | Pressure vessels — see pressure vessel plate page | | A36 / A572 Gr. 50 | 250 / 345 MPa | As rolled / N | US-spec projects | ### Ultrasonic testing and Z-quality UT to EN 10160 is offered per plate: class S1/E1 for general structural, S2/E2 for machine and crane bases, S3/E3 for critical lifting and pressure parts (100% scan, no indications over 20 mm). Through-thickness tensile testing to EN 10164 (Z15/Z25/Z35, reduction of area) is specified when welds pull the plate in the thickness direction — base plates with welded columns, box sections, offshore nodes. Both are recorded on the 3.1 or 3.2 certificate. ### Cutting, milling and machining Plasma to 80 mm, oxy-fuel to 200 mm (multi-torch for stacks of base plates), tolerance ±2 mm; bevels and chamfers; drilling and tapping (to M64); face milling on request for base and mould plates (flatness 0.1 mm/m); stress relieving in partner furnaces. Base-plate kits for steel buildings — cut, drilled, milled — ship labelled with the beams. ### Tolerances (EN 10029) | Thickness | Class A (lower / upper) | Class B (lower / upper) | | --- | --- | --- | | 25 – 40 mm | −0.8 / +1.4 | −0.3 / +1.9 | | 40 – 80 mm | −1.0 / +1.8 | −0.3 / +2.5 | | 80 – 150 mm | −1.0 / +2.2 | −0.3 / +2.9 | | 150 – 250 mm | −1.2 / +2.4 | −0.3 / +3.3 | _Flatness class N (S on request); cut edges ±2 mm by flame, ±1 mm by plasma._ ### Heavy plate price per ton Priced per plate and mill lot; as a guide S355J2+N heavy plate sits 10–20% above the 3–20 mm S235JR band, with extras for UT class, Z-quality, thickness over 100 mm and single-plate lots. Cutting is per metre, milling per m². Firm price per plate within one working day. - S235JR / S355J2 · 25–100 mm: on request / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - 100–200 mm: on request / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export: flat-rack and breakbulk Plates to 5 t and 6 m fit 40' HC containers (max 24–25 t); heavier or longer pieces go on 40' flat-racks (to 40 t) or breakbulk from Derince / Gemlik with lifting lugs or chain slings; trucks carry 24 t to the EU, Balkans and Iraq. HS code 7208.51 (>10 mm, non-alloy) / 7225.40 (alloy). - Moq: 1 plate; 20 t for economic freight - Incoterms: FOB Derince / Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus - Lead: 25–60 mm partly stock 5–10 working days; thicker 4–8 weeks; UT/machining +5–10 - Packing: Single plates on bearers with lifting lugs or slings; kits strapped on skids - Container: 40' HC to 5 t / 6 m per plate · flat-rack to 40 t · breakbulk any size · truck 24 t - Docs: Invoice, packing list per plate, EN 10204 3.1/3.2, UT and Z reports, CE, certificate of origin - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight via London office ### Certificates EN 10204 3.1 per plate with chemistry, tensile, impact; UT report EN 10160; Z-test EN 10164; 3.2 with Lloyd's, BV, DNV or TÜV witness on request; certificate of origin; CE per EN 10025. ### How to order Send grade, thickness × width × length or the cutting plan, UT/Z requirements, machining, quantity and port. Reply within one working day with price per plate, weight and the shipping method. ### FAQ **What is the thickest plate you can supply?** 200 mm as rolled plate in S235JR / S355J2+N, and thicker slabs or forged blocks on request; widths to 3 000 mm and lengths to 12 m (18 m from the mill). **Why is +N (normalized) specified for thick plate?** Normalizing refines the coarse as-rolled grain of thick plate, giving reliable impact toughness through the thickness and better flatness after cutting; it is standard from 40 mm for S355J2. **What is UT class S2/E2?** EN 10160 ultrasonic testing: S refers to the plate body, E to the edges; class 2 allows indications up to 1 000 mm² body / 30 mm edge length. Machine bases and crane parts are usually specified S2/E2, critical lifting and pressure parts S3/E3. **What is Z35 steel?** Plate tested for through-thickness ductility (EN 10164) with a minimum 35% reduction of area — used where welds load the plate perpendicular to its surface, to prevent lamellar tearing. **How much does a 100 mm plate weigh?** 785 kg/m²: 2 000 × 6 000 mm = 9.4 t; 2 500 × 12 000 mm = 23.5 t — a breakbulk piece. **Can you machine base plates and mould plates?** Yes — flame or plasma cut, drilled and tapped, face-milled to 0.1 mm/m, stress-relieved on request; delivered as kits. **How is heavy plate shipped?** Up to 5 t / 6 m per plate in 40' HC containers; heavier or longer on flat-racks (to 40 t) or breakbulk vessels from Derince; 24 t trucks to the EU, Balkans and Iraq. ## Shipbuilding Steel Plate URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/shipbuilding-plate/ Turkey's shipyards on the Marmara build and repair ferries, tankers, tugs and yachts, so class-certified plate is stocked here: Grade A and AH36 in 6–25 mm from stock, B, D, E, DH36 and EH36 to order, each plate marked and certified by the classification society the yard works with. Cut to the nesting, bevelled, blasted to Sa 2½ and primed with a class-approved shop primer, and shipped by container, flat-rack or breakbulk. ### Shipbuilding steel grades explained Grade A is chemically close to S235JR and AH36 to S355J2, but the difference is the classification-society survey: the heat, plate and test pieces are witnessed and stamped by LR, BV, DNV, ABS, RINA or Türk Loydu, and the certificate names the society. Uncertified S235/S355 cannot be used for class-surveyed hulls. | Grade | Yield min (MPa) | Tensile (MPa) | Impact (27 J normal / 34 J high) | Delivery | Use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | A | 235 | 400–520 | +20 °C (t > 50 mm) | As rolled | Hull plating, decks, bulkheads (most stock) | | B | 235 | 400–520 | 0 °C | As rolled | Thicker hull plating | | D | 235 | 400–520 | −20 °C | Normalized / TM | Cold regions, critical members | | E | 235 | 400–520 | −40 °C | Normalized | Ice class, sheer strake | | AH32 | 315 | 440–570 | 0 °C | As rolled / TM | High-strength decks | | AH36 | 355 | 490–630 | 0 °C | As rolled / TM | High-strength hull, decks (stock) | | DH36 | 355 | 490–630 | −20 °C | Normalized / TM | Critical high-strength members | | EH36 | 355 | 490–630 | −40 °C | Normalized / TM | Ice class, offshore | _Letters A/B/D/E = toughness temperature; H32/H36 = yield 315/355 MPa. Every plate carries the class stamp and heat number._ ### Grade pages Every hull grade we supply has its own page with chemistry, mechanical properties, the society rules that require it, sizes and weights: ordinary-strength Grade A ship plate and Grade B ship plate, and the 355 MPa higher-strength series AH36 (0 °C), DH36 (−20 °C) and EH36 (−40 °C, offshore). ### Sizes and stock | Grade | Thickness | Width | Length | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Grade A | 5–50 mm | 1 500 / 2 000 / 2 500 | 6 000 / 8 000 / 12 000 | 6–25 mm stock (BV / LR / TL) | | Grade B / D | 8–60 mm | 2 000 / 2 500 / 3 000 | 6 000–12 000 | Order 4–6 weeks | | Grade E | 10–80 mm | 2 000–3 000 | 6 000–12 000 | Order 6–8 weeks | | AH36 | 6–50 mm | 2 000 / 2 500 | 6 000–12 000 | 8–20 mm stock (BV / DNV) | | DH36 / EH36 | 8–80 mm | 2 000–3 000 | 6 000–12 000 | Order 4–8 weeks | ### Which classification society? Tell us which society surveys the vessel; plate is ordered or stocked under that society's certificate (dual-certified plates BV/LR or DNV/ABS are common). Türk Loydu (TL) covers Turkish-flag and many regional vessels; LR and BV are the most requested for Gulf and African fleets; DNV and ABS for offshore. Re-certification of a plate from one society to another is possible only with a new survey of the heat. ### Cutting, bevelling and shop primer Plasma to 80 mm and oxy-fuel beyond, to the yard's nesting files; bevels for hull welding (30° K/V); shot-blast to Sa 2½ and class-approved zinc-silicate shop primer 15–20 µm (weld-through); plate marking with heat and class number is preserved or transferred under survey. Profiles (bulb flats, angles) and pipe to class on request. ### Applications - New-build hulls, decks, bulkheads, double bottoms (Grade A / AH36) - Repair and dry-dock plate for tankers, bulkers, ferries, tugs - Barges, pontoons, floating docks, fish-farm structures - Offshore modules and jackets (DH36 / EH36 with UT and Z35) - Dredgers and workboats; wear plate for hoppers on request ### Shipbuilding plate price per ton Class-certified plate is priced per lot above structural S235/S355 — Grade A typically +5–10%, AH36 +8–15%, D/E and DH/EH grades +15–30% (normalizing and low-temperature testing), plus the survey fee. Ask for the current USD/MT for grade, society, thickness and quantity. - Grade A/B · 6–30 mm: on request / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - AH36 / DH36: on request / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Plates strapped on bearers, primed plates with corner protection; 6 m plates in 40' HC, 8–12 m by flat-rack or breakbulk from Derince. HS code 7208.51 / 7208.52 with class certificate. - Moq: 10 t per grade; class survey per lot - Incoterms: FOB Derince / Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Red Sea, Africa · DAP Balkans, Caucasus - Lead: Grade A / AH36 stock 5–10 working days; other grades 4–8 weeks - Packing: Plates strapped on bearers, corner protection for primed plates - Container: 40' HC to 6 m / 24 t · flat-rack to 12 m · breakbulk - Docs: Class certificate, EN 10204 3.2, UT, certificate of origin - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight ### Certificates Class certificate (LR / BV / DNV / ABS / RINA / TL) per heat and plate, EN 10204 3.2 witnessed, UT and Z-quality on request, certificate of origin. ### How to order Send grade, society, thickness × width × length or nesting, quantity, primer requirement and port. Reply within one working day with price per ton, certificate availability and lead time. ### FAQ **What is Grade A steel?** Normal-strength hull structural steel (235 MPa yield, 400–520 MPa tensile) certified by a classification society — the most used plate in shipbuilding, chemically close to S235JR but surveyed and stamped. **What is the difference between AH36 and DH36?** Same 355 MPa yield; DH36 is impact-tested at −20 °C (AH36 at 0 °C) and usually normalized or TM-rolled, for critical members and colder waters. **Can I use S235JR for a boat instead of Grade A?** For non-classed small craft yes; for any vessel under class survey the plate must be class-certified (Grade A), otherwise the surveyor rejects it. **Which classification societies can you supply under?** Lloyd's Register, Bureau Veritas, DNV, ABS, RINA and Türk Loydu; dual-certified plates BV/LR and DNV/ABS are common in stock. **Do you supply plate blasted and primed?** Yes — Sa 2½ and class-approved zinc-silicate shop primer 15–20 µm, with class markings preserved. **How much does shipbuilding plate cost?** Grade A about 5–10% above structural S235 plate, AH36 8–15% above S355, D/E and DH/EH grades more; plus the class survey fee per lot. Firm price within one working day. ## Grade A Ship Plate URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/grade-a-ship-plate/ The steel a shipyard buys most of is Grade A: the same strength as S235JR but with a surveyor's stamp on every plate and a heat traceable to the mill test. Turkish mills hold approvals from all the major societies, and we supply it certified to whichever one the yard's class contract names. ### What is Grade A ship plate? Grade A is the first of the four ordinary-strength hull steels (A, B, D, E) that the classification societies define jointly through IACS UR W11 and each write into their own rules. All four have the same strength — 235 MPa yield, 400–520 MPa tensile, 22 % elongation — and differ only in the guaranteed toughness: Grade A is tested at +20 °C (27 J longitudinal, and only above 50 mm), B at 0 °C, D at −20 °C and E at −40 °C. Chemistry is a killed or semi-killed carbon-manganese steel with carbon ≤ 0.21 %, manganese at least 2.5 times the carbon, and a carbon equivalent low enough for shipyard welding without preheat. What makes it ship plate rather than S235 is the process: the mill is approved by the society, the surveyor witnesses the tests, every plate carries the society mark, grade and heat number in hard stamping or paint, and the certificate is a society document — which is why the yard\'s class surveyor accepts it into a hull. Grade A covers the largest tonnage in any ship: shell plating, decks, bulkheads, floors, girders and stiffeners wherever the rules do not call for a higher grade — they do above certain thicknesses and in the sheer strake, deck stringer and other high-stress zones, where Grade B, D or the AH36 series are required. It is also the plate of barges, pontoons, dredgers, fish farms and floating docks, and of non-classed steel boats that simply want traceable hull steel. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Al | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | ≤ 0.21 | ≤ 0.50 | ≥ 2.5 × C | ≤ 0.035 | ≤ 0.035 | killed or semi-killed | _Grade A may be semi-killed up to 50 mm; above 50 mm it must be fully killed and fine-grain. CEV usually 0.30–0.38._ ### Mechanical properties | Property | Requirement | Typical value | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Yield strength ReH | ≥ 235 MPa | 260–300 MPa | | | Tensile strength Rm | 400–520 MPa | 430–470 MPa | | | Elongation A5 | ≥ 22 % | 28–34 % | | | Charpy V longitudinal | ≥ 27 J at +20 °C | > 80 J | required only > 50 mm | | Charpy V transverse | ≥ 20 J at +20 °C | > 60 J | | | Delivery condition | as rolled (≤ 50 mm) | | N above 50 mm | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | IACS / all societies | Grade A | LR A, BV A, DNV NV A, ABS A, RINA A, TL A, NK KA | | EN 10025-2 | S235JR (approx.) | same strength, no class certificate | | ASTM | A131 Grade A | US equivalent | | JIS G3106 | SS400 / KA | | | GB 712 | A | Chinese | | Next grade up | Grade B | impact at 0 °C | ### Classification society approval A Grade A plate without a society certificate is just S235 with a different name. What the yard\'s class surveyor needs is a plate rolled at a mill approved by the society on the class contract — Lloyd\'s Register, Bureau Veritas, DNV, ABS, RINA, Türk Loydu or ClassNK — tested under the society surveyor and hard-stamped with the society mark, grade and heat number. Approvals are society-specific: LR-certified plate is not accepted for a BV-classed hull. Turkish mills hold approvals from all of these, and we ask which society before we quote. For workboats, barges and fabrication outside class the same grade is supplied with an EN 10204 3.1 mill certificate at a lower price. ### Ordinary-strength grades compared | Grade | Impact test | Deoxidation | Where the rules require it | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | A | +20 °C (> 50 mm only) | killed / semi-killed | general hull structure | | B | 0 °C, 27 J | killed / semi-killed | thicker shell and deck plate (> 20 mm in some zones) | | D | −20 °C, 27 J | killed, fine grain | sheer strake, stringer, bilge in thick sections | | E | −40 °C, 27 J | killed, fine grain, normalised | highest-stress zones, thick plate, cold-climate vessels | _Selection by thickness and hull zone follows each society's material grade tables (e.g. LR Rules Pt 3 Ch 2); the yard's class plan defines the grade per plate._ ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 5–8 mm | 1 500 / 2 000 / 2 500 × 6 000 / 8 000 / 12 000 | stock and mill | | 10–20 mm | 2 000 / 2 500 / 3 000 × 6 000 / 12 000 | stock and mill | | 25–50 mm | 2 000 / 2 500 / 3 000 × 6 000 / 12 000 | mill order | | Shop primer | zinc silicate / epoxy 15–25 µm, blasted Sa 2½ | on request | ### Weight per m² and per plate | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 500 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 000 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 500 × 12 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 5 mm | 39.3 | 353 | 471 | 1 178 | | 6 mm | 47.1 | 424 | 565 | 1 413 | | 8 mm | 62.8 | 565 | 754 | 1 884 | | 10 mm | 78.5 | 707 | 942 | 2 355 | | 12 mm | 94.2 | 848 | 1 130 | 2 826 | | 15 mm | 117.8 | 1 060 | 1 413 | 3 533 | | 20 mm | 157.0 | 1 413 | 1 884 | 4 710 | | 25 mm | 196.3 | 1 766 | 2 355 | 5 888 | | 30 mm | 235.5 | 2 120 | 2 826 | 7 065 | | 40 mm | 314.0 | 2 826 | 3 768 | 9 420 | | 50 mm | 392.5 | 3 533 | 4 710 | 11 775 | _Nominal weights — mill tolerance to EN 10029 class A adds up to +4 % on thin plate; invoiced on theoretical weight unless agreed otherwise._ ### Cutting, bevelling, shop primer and welding Grade A welds like S235 — MAG, FCAW, SAW, MMA — with no preheat up to 50 mm; consumables must be society-approved for the grade (Grade 1 or 2). We plasma- and oxy-cut to the nesting, bevel to the yard\'s weld-prep drawings and can supply plates shot-blasted to Sa 2½ with a 15–25 µm zinc-silicate or epoxy shop primer that is weld-through approved. Straightening by line heating is permitted below 650 °C. Plates are marked with heat and society stamp — do not cut the stamped corner off before the surveyor has seen it. ### Where it is used - Hull shell, bottom, side and deck plating - Bulkheads, floors, girders, web frames and stiffeners - Barges, pontoons, floating docks and dredgers - Fish-farm cages, workboats and tugs - Superstructures and deckhouses - Non-classed steel boats requiring traceable hull steel ### Grade A vs Grade B vs AH36 Grade B is the same steel with impact tested at 0 °C, required in thicker and more critical plates; AH36 is the higher-strength series (355 MPa) that reduces thickness in decks and shell of larger vessels. Without a class certificate the same plate is S235JR — fine for a fabrication shop, not for a hull. ### Price Ship plate is quoted per lot rather than from a list band, because the society certificate, surveyor attendance, shop primer and plate size all enter the price; ask with the class plan or plate list and we return a firm offer within a working day. - Grade A · 5–50 mm: on request / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Packing for Grade A ship plate: plates banded on hardwood skids (max 5 t per pack), edges protected, heat numbers marked; Container loading: 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t of 6 m plate, 20' ≈ 20 t of short plate. Over-length plate is loaded flat-rack, and heavy plate above 25 t per piece travels breakbulk from Derince. HS 7208.51 / 7208.52. - Moq: 5 t per size; 20 t per certificate lot recommended - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock 5–12 mm: 1–2 weeks; mill order 4–6 weeks (society surveyor) - Packing: Plates on bearers, banded, society stamp and heat visible; primed plates with paper separators - Container: 20' ≈ 20 t; 40' HC ≈ 24 t; 8–12 m plate on flat-rack or breakbulk from Derince - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing Grade A ship plate is delivered with the mill certificate EN 10204 3.1 — heat number, ladle analysis, tensile and impact results and the delivery condition. Third-party 3.2 certification (Lloyd's, BV, TÜV, SGS), ultrasonic testing to EN 10160 and extra Charpy tests at a lower temperature are ordered per lot. ### How to order Specify Grade A, the society (LR / BV / DNV / ABS / RINA / TL), thickness × width × length list, quantity, shop primer yes/no, and the project or vessel name for the certificate; 3.1 mill certificate for non-classed work. ### FAQ **What is Grade A ship steel?** The basic ordinary-strength hull steel of the classification societies — 235 MPa yield, 400–520 MPa tensile, impact tested at +20 °C — supplied from an approved mill with the society stamp and certificate. **What is the difference between Grade A and S235JR?** Same strength; Grade A is rolled at a class-approved mill, tested under a surveyor and stamped, so a shipyard can use it in a classed hull. S235JR has only a mill certificate. **Which classification society certificate can you supply?** LR, BV, DNV, ABS, RINA, Türk Loydu and ClassNK — we confirm the approved mill for the society named on your order before quoting. **When is Grade B or D required instead of Grade A?** The society rules set the grade by thickness and hull zone: thicker shell and deck plates need Grade B (0 °C), the sheer strake, stringer and bilge in thick sections need D (−20 °C) or E (−40 °C). **Can you deliver ship plate with shop primer?** Yes — shot-blasted to Sa 2½ and coated with 15–25 µm weld-through zinc-silicate or epoxy primer. ## Grade B Ship Plate URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/grade-b-ship-plate/ Every hull has a thickness beyond which Grade A is no longer allowed and Grade B takes over — typically the heavier shell and deck plates amidships. It costs a little more than A for the guaranteed 0 °C impact and is otherwise the same plate to cut and weld. ### What is Grade B ship plate? Grade B is the second of the ordinary-strength hull-steel grades. It shares Grade A\'s strength — 235 MPa yield, 400–520 MPa tensile, 22 % elongation — and adds a guaranteed Charpy V impact of 27 J longitudinal (20 J transverse) at 0 °C on every thickness, which Grade A does not have. To get there the steel is made with a slightly tighter chemistry: manganese at least 0.80 % (Grade A only needs 2.5 × C), carbon ≤ 0.21 %, and it may be semi-killed only up to 25 mm, fully killed above. The class rules of every society grade hull plates by thickness and location — a shell plate of 15 mm amidships may be Grade A while the same plate at 25 mm must be B, at 35 mm D, and in the sheer strake or bilge strake the limits are lower — so Grade B is the plate of the heavier bottom, side and deck plating of ships from about 100 m upward, of large barges and dredgers, and of any structure where the class plan says B. It is rolled, stamped and certified exactly like Grade A: approved mill, surveyor-witnessed tests, society mark and heat number on every plate. Welding needs no preheat up to 50 mm with approved Grade 2 consumables, and it takes shop primer, line heating and cold forming like any mild steel. When the tonnage is small, yards often buy Grade B for the whole hull to avoid mixing grades — the cost difference to A is a few percent. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Al | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | ≤ 0.21 | ≤ 0.35 | ≥ 0.80 | ≤ 0.035 | ≤ 0.035 | killed (semi-killed ≤ 25 mm) | _Mn may be reduced to 0.60 % when C ≤ 0.18 %. Above 25 mm fully killed; above 50 mm fine-grain. CEV typically 0.32–0.40._ ### Mechanical properties | Property | Requirement | Typical value | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Yield strength ReH | ≥ 235 MPa | 255–295 MPa | | | Tensile strength Rm | 400–520 MPa | 430–480 MPa | | | Elongation A5 | ≥ 22 % | 26–32 % | | | Charpy V longitudinal | ≥ 27 J at 0 °C | > 70 J | all thicknesses | | Charpy V transverse | ≥ 20 J at 0 °C | > 50 J | | | Delivery condition | as rolled ≤ 50 mm; N or TM above | | | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | IACS / all societies | Grade B | LR B, BV B, DNV NV B, ABS B, RINA B, TL B, NK KB | | ASTM | A131 Grade B | US | | EN 10025-2 | S235J0 (approx.) | same impact temperature, no class | | JIS G3106 | KB | | | GB 712 | B | Chinese | | Higher-strength counterpart | AH36 | 355 MPa, 0 °C | ### Society certificate and stamping Grade B is delivered under the same regime as every hull steel: the rolling mill is approved by the classification society, the society surveyor witnesses tensile and Charpy tests on each heat and thickness range, and every plate carries the society mark, the grade "B", the heat number and the mill mark in hard stamping or approved paint marking. The certificate is issued by the society (LR, BV, DNV, ABS, RINA, TL or NK) and travels with the plate to the yard\'s surveyor. We source from mills approved by the society you name — approvals do not transfer between societies — and for non-classed work we supply the same steel with a 3.1 certificate. ### When the rules require Grade B | Hull area (material class) | Grade A up to | Grade B up to | Grade D up to | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Class I — internal structure, decks inboard | 30 mm | 40 mm | 50 mm | | Class II — shell, bottom, strength deck outboard | 20 mm | 25 mm | 40 mm | | Class III — sheer strake, stringer, bilge strake amidships | — | 20 mm | 25 mm | | Longitudinal hatch coamings, thick brackets | 20 mm | 25 mm | 40 mm | _Limits vary by society, ship length and service temperature (ice class and cold-climate vessels go one grade up). The class-approved drawing is the authority._ ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 6–12 mm | 2 000 / 2 500 × 6 000 / 8 000 / 12 000 | mill order, some stock | | 15–25 mm | 2 000 / 2 500 / 3 000 × 6 000 / 12 000 | mill order | | 30–50 mm | 2 500 / 3 000 × 6 000 / 12 000 | mill order | | Shop primer | Sa 2½ + 15–25 µm zinc silicate / epoxy | on request | ### Weight per m² and per plate | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 500 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 000 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 500 × 12 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 6 mm | 47.1 | 424 | 565 | 1 413 | | 8 mm | 62.8 | 565 | 754 | 1 884 | | 10 mm | 78.5 | 707 | 942 | 2 355 | | 12 mm | 94.2 | 848 | 1 130 | 2 826 | | 15 mm | 117.8 | 1 060 | 1 413 | 3 533 | | 20 mm | 157.0 | 1 413 | 1 884 | 4 710 | | 25 mm | 196.3 | 1 766 | 2 355 | 5 888 | | 30 mm | 235.5 | 2 120 | 2 826 | 7 065 | | 40 mm | 314.0 | 2 826 | 3 768 | 9 420 | | 50 mm | 392.5 | 3 533 | 4 710 | 11 775 | _Nominal weights — mill tolerance to EN 10029 class A adds up to +4 % on thin plate; invoiced on theoretical weight unless agreed otherwise._ ### Welding, cutting and fabrication Welds like Grade A with society-approved Grade 2 consumables, no preheat to 50 mm, and standard MAG / FCAW / SAW procedures; the 0 °C impact requirement extends to the weld metal, which is why the consumable grade matters. Plasma and oxy-cutting, bevelling to the yard\'s prep drawings, cold forming of bilge radii (≥ 3 × t) and line heating below 650 °C are all routine. Shop-primed plates are welded through without removal of the primer where the primer is type-approved. ### Where it is used - Bottom and side shell plating above the Grade A thickness limit - Strength deck and stringer plates amidships - Large barges, pontoons, dredgers and floating docks - Longitudinal bulkheads, girders and hatch coamings - Offshore support vessel and tug hulls - Single-grade hull orders for smaller yards ### Grade B vs Grade A vs DH36 Grade A is the same steel without the guaranteed 0 °C impact and is allowed in thinner plates; Grade B is required as thickness grows. DH36 is the higher-strength (355 MPa) grade with −20 °C impact that lets designers cut thickness altogether in larger ships. Between them, AH36 matches Grade B\'s 0 °C impact at 355 MPa. ### Price Quoted per lot on request — the society certificate, surveyor attendance, plate sizes and shop primer set the price, which is a few percent above Grade A. Send the plate list from the class plan for a firm offer. - Grade B · 6–50 mm: on request / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Packing for Grade B ship plate: plates banded on hardwood skids (max 5 t per pack), edges protected, heat numbers marked; A 40' HC takes 24–25 t of 6 m plate. Over-length plate is loaded flat-rack, and heavy plate above 25 t per piece travels breakbulk from Derince. HS 7208.51 / 7208.52. - Moq: 5 t per size; 20 t per certificate lot - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Mill order 4–6 weeks (surveyor); limited stock 10–20 mm - Packing: Plates on bearers, banded, stamped; primed plates with separators - Container: 20' ≈ 20 t; 40' HC ≈ 24 t; 12 m plate breakbulk from Derince - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing Grade B ship plate ships with EN 10204 3.1 certificates cross-referenced to the stencilled heat numbers. Where the project requires it we arrange 3.2 certification with Lloyd's, BV, TÜV or SGS, ultrasonic examination to EN 10160 and Charpy testing at the temperature you specify. ### How to order Specify Grade B, society, thickness × width × length list, quantity, shop primer, and the vessel or project reference for the certificate. ### FAQ **What is Grade B ship steel?** Ordinary-strength hull steel (235 MPa yield) with a guaranteed 27 J Charpy impact at 0 °C, required by the class rules for thicker shell and deck plates where Grade A is no longer permitted. **What is the difference between Grade A and Grade B?** Same strength; Grade B guarantees impact toughness at 0 °C on all thicknesses (Grade A only at +20 °C above 50 mm) and has a minimum 0.80 % manganese. The rules allow B in thicker plates. **Is Grade B equivalent to A131 Grade B?** Yes — ASTM A131 Grade B is the US specification of the same IACS grade. **Does Grade B need preheat for welding?** No, up to 50 mm, with society-approved Grade 2 consumables. **Can I use Grade B for the whole hull?** Yes — smaller yards often do to avoid mixing grades; the premium over Grade A is a few percent. ## AH36 Steel Plate URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/ah36-steel-plate/ Above about 120 m of ship length the hull steel weight matters enough that the higher-strength grades pay for themselves, and AH36 is where every yard starts: the same welding as Grade A, 355 MPa instead of 235, and the tonnage in the shell and decks drops with it. ### What is AH36 steel plate? AH36 belongs to the higher-strength hull-steel family that IACS defines in three strength levels — 32 (315 MPa), 36 (355 MPa) and 40 (390 MPa) — each in four toughness grades A (0 °C), D (−20 °C), E (−40 °C) and F (−60 °C). AH36 is therefore 355 MPa yield, 490–630 MPa tensile, 21 % elongation and 34 J Charpy at 0 °C (24 J transverse), and it is by far the most used of the twelve. The strength comes from a fully killed, fine-grain carbon-manganese steel (C ≤ 0.18 %, Mn 0.90–1.60 %) micro-alloyed with niobium, vanadium and/or titanium and delivered as rolled, normalised or — increasingly — thermomechanically rolled (TM), which keeps the carbon equivalent low enough for the same shipyard welding procedures as Grade A. A hull designed in AH36 instead of Grade A/B uses plates 10–20 % thinner in the shell, strength deck, longitudinal bulkheads and hatch coamings; on a 180 m bulk carrier that is several hundred tons of steel and a corresponding gain in deadweight, which is why AH36 is the standard grade of bulk carriers, tankers, container ships, offshore supply vessels and jack-up legs. It is rolled at class-approved mills, tested under the surveyor and stamped and certified like every hull steel, and the mill certificate states the deoxidation and rolling practice. ASTM A131 AH36 is the identical US grade; S355J0 is the nearest non-class structural equivalent. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Al | Nb | V | Ti | Cu | Cr | Ni | Mo | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | ≤ 0.18 | ≤ 0.50 | 0.90–1.60 | ≤ 0.035 | ≤ 0.035 | ≥ 0.015 (total) | 0.02–0.05 | 0.05–0.10 | ≤ 0.02 | ≤ 0.35 | ≤ 0.20 | ≤ 0.40 | ≤ 0.08 | _Ladle analysis; fine-grain practice with Al (≥ 0.015 % total) for the higher grades. Carbon equivalent CEV ≤ 0.40 for the 36 grades (≤ 0.38 for TMCP)._ ### Mechanical properties | Property | Requirement | Typical value | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Yield strength ReH | ≥ 355 MPa | 380–430 MPa | | | Tensile strength Rm | 490–630 MPa | 520–570 MPa | | | Elongation A5 | ≥ 21 % | 24–30 % | | | Charpy V longitudinal | ≥ 34 J at 0 °C | > 100 J | | | Charpy V transverse | ≥ 24 J at 0 °C | > 70 J | | | Delivery condition | AR / N / TM per thickness | | TM common ≤ 50 mm | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | IACS / all societies | AH36 | LR AH36, BV AH36, DNV NV A36, ABS AH36, RINA AH36, TL AH36, NK KA36 | | ASTM | A131 Grade AH36 | identical | | EN 10025-2 | S355J0 (approx.) | no class certificate | | EN 10025-4 | S355M (TM, approx.) | | | JIS G3106 | KA36 | | | GB 712 | AH36 | Chinese | | Same strength, colder | DH36 / EH36 | −20 / −40 °C | ### Class approval and mill certificate Higher-strength grades carry one extra line on the society certificate: the deoxidation and rolling practice (killed, fine-grain; AR, N, NR or TM), because the toughness depends on it. The rest is standard hull-steel procedure — a society-approved mill, tests witnessed by the surveyor, the society mark and grade "AH36" stamped on every plate, and the certificate issued in the society\'s name. We confirm the approved mill for LR, BV, DNV, ABS, RINA, Türk Loydu or ClassNK before quoting, since an ABS approval is of no use on a DNV-classed vessel. Yards building outside class can take the identical plate with an EN 10204 3.1 certificate. ### Higher-strength hull grades at a glance | Grade | Yield (MPa) | Tensile (MPa) | Charpy (long.) | Typical use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | AH32 / DH32 / EH32 | 315 | 440–570 | 31 J at 0 / −20 / −40 °C | less common, some Asian yards | | AH36 | 355 | 490–630 | 34 J at 0 °C | general hull, decks, shell | | DH36 | 355 | 490–630 | 34 J at −20 °C | thick plate, sheer strake, cold service | | EH36 | 355 | 490–630 | 34 J at −40 °C | highest-stress zones, ice-class, offshore | | FH36 | 355 | 490–630 | 34 J at −60 °C | arctic, LNG deck structures | | AH40 / DH40 / EH40 | 390 | 510–660 | 41 J | container ships, large tankers | _The grade per plate is fixed by the society material-class tables (thickness × hull zone × service temperature) on the class-approved drawings._ ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 6–12 mm | 2 000 / 2 500 × 6 000 / 8 000 / 12 000 | stock and mill | | 15–30 mm | 2 000 / 2 500 / 3 000 × 6 000 / 12 000 | stock and mill | | 40–60 mm | 2 500 / 3 000 × 6 000 / 12 000 | mill order | | Shop primer | Sa 2½ + 15–25 µm zinc silicate / epoxy | on request | ### Weight per m² and per plate | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 500 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 000 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 500 × 12 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 6 mm | 47.1 | 424 | 565 | 1 413 | | 8 mm | 62.8 | 565 | 754 | 1 884 | | 10 mm | 78.5 | 707 | 942 | 2 355 | | 12 mm | 94.2 | 848 | 1 130 | 2 826 | | 15 mm | 117.8 | 1 060 | 1 413 | 3 533 | | 20 mm | 157.0 | 1 413 | 1 884 | 4 710 | | 25 mm | 196.3 | 1 766 | 2 355 | 5 888 | | 30 mm | 235.5 | 2 120 | 2 826 | 7 065 | | 40 mm | 314.0 | 2 826 | 3 768 | 9 420 | | 50 mm | 392.5 | 3 533 | 4 710 | 11 775 | | 60 mm | 471.0 | 4 239 | 5 652 | 14 130 | _Nominal weights — mill tolerance to EN 10029 class A adds up to +4 % on thin plate; invoiced on theoretical weight unless agreed otherwise._ ### Welding, cutting and fabrication AH36 is welded with society-approved Grade 3Y (or 2Y) consumables by MAG, FCAW, SAW and MMA without preheat up to about 30 mm (CEV ≤ 0.40) and with 50–100 °C above that or in cold shops; heat input up to 3.5–5 kJ/mm is acceptable for TM plate per the mill\'s data. Plasma and oxy-cutting, bevelling and cold forming (≥ 3 × t) are routine; line heating for fairing must stay below 650 °C (TM plate: 600 °C), and no normalising after fabrication. Shop-primed plates are supplied with type-approved weld-through primers. ### Where it is used - Shell, bottom and strength-deck plating of bulk carriers, tankers and container ships - Longitudinal bulkheads, hatch coamings and girders - Offshore supply vessels, jack-up and platform structures - Ferries, ro-ro decks and large yachts - Dredgers, heavy-lift and crane vessels - Naval auxiliary and patrol vessel hulls ### AH36 vs Grade A vs DH36 Grade A is 235 MPa — 50 % weaker — and the choice for smaller vessels where weight does not pay; AH36 is the standard for anything over roughly 100–120 m. DH36 is identical in strength with impact guaranteed at −20 °C, required in thicker and more critical plates; EH36 at −40 °C for the most demanding zones. ### Price Quoted per lot on request; AH36 carries a premium over Grade A for the micro-alloying and, where applicable, TM rolling, and the society certificate, plate size and shop primer are priced in. Send the plate list from the class plan for a firm offer within a working day. - AH36 · 6–60 mm: on request / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Export packing of AH36 steel plate is by skid: up to 5 t per pack, steel straps, corner boards, stencilled heat numbers and a pack list that references the 3.1 certificates. Container loading: 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t of 6 m plate, 20' ≈ 20 t of short plate. Long and heavy plate is shipped flat-rack or breakbulk via Derince. HS code 7208.51 / 7208.52. - Moq: 5 t per size; 20 t per certificate lot - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock 8–20 mm: 1–2 weeks; mill order 4–6 weeks - Packing: Plates on bearers, banded, stamped; primed plates with separators - Container: 20' ≈ 20 t; 40' HC ≈ 24 t; 12 m plate breakbulk / flat-rack from Derince - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing Every lot of AH36 steel plate carries an EN 10204 3.1 inspection certificate listing heat, chemistry, mechanical and impact results. On request we add 3.2 witnessing by a classification society or inspector, EN 10160 ultrasonic testing and supplementary impact tests at the customer's design temperature. ### How to order Specify AH36, the society, thickness × width × length list, quantity, delivery condition if required (N / TM), shop primer, and the vessel or project reference for the certificate. ### FAQ **What is AH36 steel?** Higher-strength shipbuilding steel with 355 MPa minimum yield, 490–630 MPa tensile and 34 J impact at 0 °C — the most used hull grade for ships over about 100 m, rolled at class-approved mills with the society certificate. **What is the equivalent of AH36?** ASTM A131 AH36 is identical; the nearest structural equivalent without class certification is S355J0 (EN 10025-2). All societies use the same designation (LR AH36, ABS AH36, DNV NV A36…). **What is the difference between AH36 and DH36?** Same strength and chemistry; DH36 guarantees the 34 J impact at −20 °C instead of 0 °C and is required in thicker plates and more critical hull zones. **What is the yield strength of AH36?** 355 MPa minimum (typically 380–430), tensile 490–630 MPa, elongation ≥ 21 %. **Does AH36 need preheat for welding?** Not up to about 30 mm with approved Grade 3Y consumables; above that or in cold conditions, 50–100 °C. **Can you supply AH36 with a specific classification society certificate?** Yes — LR, BV, DNV, ABS, RINA, Türk Loydu or ClassNK from a mill approved by that society. ## DH36 Steel Plate URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/dh36-steel-plate/ DH36 is the plate the surveyor looks for at the corners of the hull girder — where the thickest plates meet the highest stresses and a crack would run. Same strength as AH36, tougher at −20 °C, and the workhorse grade of offshore and cold-climate tonnage. ### What is DH36 steel plate? DH36 is the −20 °C member of the 36-series higher-strength hull steels: 355 MPa yield, 490–630 MPa tensile, 21 % elongation and a Charpy V requirement of 34 J longitudinal / 24 J transverse at −20 °C. To meet that toughness at thicknesses up to 80–100 mm the steel must be fully killed and fine-grain treated (aluminium plus niobium, vanadium or titanium) and, above 25–35 mm depending on the society and the micro-alloying route, delivered normalised, normalised-rolled or thermomechanically rolled rather than as rolled — the certificate states which. The societies\' material-class tables step from AH to DH as plate thickness and structural importance increase: in the highest class (sheer strake, stringer plate, bilge strake and rounded gunwale amidships, hatch corners, longitudinal hatch coamings) DH36 is required from around 20 mm, in the shell and strength deck from 25–40 mm, and for vessels with a design temperature below 0 °C — Baltic, North Sea, ice-class and polar-code ships — DH36 or EH36 replaces AH36 throughout exposed structure. The same applies to offshore platforms, jack-ups and FPSO hulls under the offshore rules. Fabrication is identical to AH36: approved 3Y consumables, no preheat to about 30 mm, cold forming at 3 × t, line heating below 600–650 °C. Because DH36 is often TM-rolled with a low carbon equivalent, it frequently welds more easily than an as-rolled AH36 of the same thickness. ASTM A131 DH36 is the same grade; S355J2 / S355N are the nearest structural equivalents. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Al | Nb | V | Ti | Cu | Cr | Ni | Mo | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | ≤ 0.18 | ≤ 0.50 | 0.90–1.60 | ≤ 0.035 | ≤ 0.035 | ≥ 0.015 (total) | 0.02–0.05 | 0.05–0.10 | ≤ 0.02 | ≤ 0.35 | ≤ 0.20 | ≤ 0.40 | ≤ 0.08 | _Ladle analysis; fine-grain practice with Al (≥ 0.015 % total) for the higher grades. Carbon equivalent CEV ≤ 0.40 for the 36 grades (≤ 0.38 for TMCP)._ ### Mechanical properties | Property | Requirement | Typical value | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Yield strength ReH | ≥ 355 MPa | 375–420 MPa | | | Tensile strength Rm | 490–630 MPa | 510–560 MPa | | | Elongation A5 | ≥ 21 % | 24–30 % | | | Charpy V longitudinal | ≥ 34 J at −20 °C | > 120 J | | | Charpy V transverse | ≥ 24 J at −20 °C | > 80 J | | | Delivery condition | AR (thin) / N / NR / TM | | N or TM above ≈ 25–35 mm | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | IACS / all societies | DH36 | LR DH36, BV DH36, DNV NV D36, ABS DH36, RINA DH36, TL DH36, NK KD36 | | ASTM | A131 Grade DH36 | identical | | EN 10025-2 / -3 | S355J2 / S355N (approx.) | no class certificate | | EN 10025-4 | S355M | TM equivalent | | JIS G3106 | KD36 | | | GB 712 | DH36 | Chinese | ### What the society certificate covers For DH36 the certificate matters twice: it names the society whose surveyor witnessed the tests, and it states the delivery condition — as rolled, normalised, normalised-rolled or thermomechanical — that the −20 °C toughness was proven in and that the yard\'s welding procedures are qualified for. Plates are stamped with the society mark, "DH36", heat number and condition. Our mills are approved by LR, BV, DNV, ABS, RINA, Türk Loydu and ClassNK; tell us the society and whether the class plan calls for N or TM, and we quote the matching mill. Non-classed offshore fabrication can be supplied with a 3.1 certificate and, on request, 3.2 witnessing by an independent inspector. ### AH36 or DH36 — thickness and zone | Hull area | AH36 up to | DH36 up to | EH36 from | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Internal structure, decks inboard (class I) | 30 mm | 50 mm | > 50 mm | | Shell, bottom, strength deck outboard (class II) | 20–25 mm | 40 mm | > 40 mm | | Sheer strake, stringer, bilge strake amidships (class III) | 15–20 mm | 25–30 mm | > 30 mm | | Hatch corners, coaming tops, crane pedestals | 15 mm | 25 mm | > 25 mm | | Design temperature ≤ −10 °C (ice class, polar) | not used exposed | per rules | per rules | _Values differ between societies and with ship length; the class-approved drawings and material plan are the reference._ ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 8–15 mm | 2 000 / 2 500 × 6 000 / 12 000 | stock and mill | | 20–40 mm | 2 500 / 3 000 × 6 000 / 12 000 | stock and mill | | 50–80 mm | 2 500 / 3 000 × 6 000 / 12 000 | mill order | | Shop primer | Sa 2½ + 15–25 µm zinc silicate / epoxy | on request | ### Weight per m² and per plate | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 500 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 000 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 500 × 12 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 8 mm | 62.8 | 565 | 754 | 1 884 | | 10 mm | 78.5 | 707 | 942 | 2 355 | | 12 mm | 94.2 | 848 | 1 130 | 2 826 | | 15 mm | 117.8 | 1 060 | 1 413 | 3 533 | | 20 mm | 157.0 | 1 413 | 1 884 | 4 710 | | 25 mm | 196.3 | 1 766 | 2 355 | 5 888 | | 30 mm | 235.5 | 2 120 | 2 826 | 7 065 | | 40 mm | 314.0 | 2 826 | 3 768 | 9 420 | | 50 mm | 392.5 | 3 533 | 4 710 | 11 775 | | 60 mm | 471.0 | 4 239 | 5 652 | 14 130 | | 80 mm | 628.0 | 5 652 | 7 536 | 18 840 | _Nominal weights — mill tolerance to EN 10029 class A adds up to +4 % on thin plate; invoiced on theoretical weight unless agreed otherwise._ ### Welding, cutting and fabrication Weld with approved Grade 3Y consumables (MAG, FCAW, SAW, MMA); no preheat up to about 30 mm at CEV ≤ 0.40, 50–100 °C beyond; the −20 °C weld-metal impact is why Grade 3 rather than 2 consumables are specified. Follow the mill\'s heat-input limits for TM plate (typically ≤ 5 kJ/mm for one-sided SAW). Plasma and oxy-cutting, bevelling, cold forming at ≥ 3 × t and line heating below 600 °C (TM) / 650 °C (N) are standard yard practice; no post-fabrication normalising of TM plate. ### Where it is used - Sheer strake, deck stringer and bilge strake plates - Thick shell and strength-deck plating of large vessels - Hatch coamings, hatch corners and crane pedestals - Ice-class and cold-water vessel hulls - Offshore platforms, jack-ups, FPSO and wind-installation vessels - Heavy structural members of dredgers and heavy-lift ships ### DH36 vs AH36 vs EH36 AH36 is the same strength tested at 0 °C, sufficient for thinner and less critical plates; DH36 (−20 °C) is required as thickness and stress rise; EH36 (−40 °C) for the thickest and coldest service. Outside classed work, S355J2 gives the same strength and impact temperature with a 3.1 mill certificate. ### Price Quoted per lot on request; DH36 carries a premium over AH36 for normalising or TM rolling, and the society certificate, plate size and shop primer are priced in. Send the plate list from the class plan for a firm offer within a working day. - DH36 · 8–80 mm: on request / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Packing for DH36 steel plate: plates banded on hardwood skids (max 5 t per pack), edges protected, heat numbers marked; A 40' HC takes 24–25 t of 6 m plate. Over-length plate is loaded flat-rack, and heavy plate above 25 t per piece travels breakbulk from Derince. HS 7208.51 / 7208.52. - Moq: 5 t per size; 20 t per certificate lot - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock 10–25 mm: 1–2 weeks; mill order 4–6 weeks - Packing: Plates on bearers, banded, stamped; primed plates with separators - Container: 20' ≈ 20 t; 40' HC ≈ 24 t; 12 m and heavy plate breakbulk from Derince - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing Documentation for DH36 steel plate: EN 10204 3.1 mill certificate as standard (heat number, analysis, tensile, Charpy, condition); 3.2 with an independent inspector, EN 10160 UT reports and additional low-temperature Charpy tests are available on plates above 8 mm at order. ### How to order Specify DH36, the society, thickness × width × length list, quantity, delivery condition (N / TM) if the class plan requires it, shop primer, and the vessel or project reference. ### FAQ **What is DH36 steel?** Higher-strength shipbuilding steel with 355 MPa minimum yield and 34 J Charpy impact at −20 °C — required in thicker and more critical hull plates and in cold-water vessels; rolled at class-approved mills with the society certificate. **What is the difference between DH36 and AH36?** Identical strength; DH36 guarantees toughness at −20 °C (AH36 at 0 °C) and is usually normalised or TM-rolled above 25–35 mm. The rules require DH36 as thickness and stress increase. **What is the equivalent of DH36?** ASTM A131 DH36 is identical; S355J2 or S355N (EN 10025) are the nearest structural equivalents without class certification. **Does DH36 need preheat for welding?** Not up to about 30 mm with Grade 3Y consumables; 50–100 °C above that or in cold shops. **When is DH36 required instead of AH36?** By the society material-class tables: typically above 20 mm in the sheer strake and stringer, above 25–40 mm in shell and deck, and throughout exposed structure of ice-class and cold-climate vessels. ## EH36 Steel Plate URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/eh36-steel-plate/ Where a hull is thickest and coldest — a 60 mm sheer strake on a container ship, the leg chords of a jack-up, the deck of an arctic supply vessel — the grade is EH36. It is the toughest of the standard 36-series and the one that offshore fabricators specify almost by default. ### What is EH36 steel plate? EH36 is the third toughness grade of the 355 MPa hull steels, guaranteeing 34 J longitudinal (24 J transverse) Charpy energy at −40 °C, and the societies allow it only in the normalised, normalised-rolled or thermomechanically rolled condition — never as rolled — with full killing, aluminium fine-grain treatment and micro-alloying. That processing gives a uniform fine ferrite–pearlite (N) or bainitic (TM) structure with a low ductile-to-brittle transition temperature even at 80–100 mm, and it is what lets a thick plate stop a running crack instead of feeding it. The rules assign EH36 to the highest material class at the greatest thicknesses — sheer strake, stringer, bilge and hatch-corner plates of large container ships and tankers above roughly 30–50 mm — and to all exposed structure of vessels with design temperatures of −20 °C and below under the ice-class and Polar Code rules. In the offshore codes (DNV-OS-B101, ABS MODU, NORSOK M-120 by equivalence) EH36 and its offshore twin NV E36 are the general grade for jack-up legs and spud cans, platform primary structure, crane pedestals and foundations, and wind-turbine installation vessels, often ordered with through-thickness (Z35) properties for cruciform joints. Welding practice is the same as DH36 with Grade 3Y consumables and heat-input limits from the mill; TM plate must not be normalised or hot-formed above 600 °C after delivery. ASTM A131 EH36 is identical; S355NL / S355ML (EN 10025-3/-4) are the structural equivalents with −50 °C impact. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Al | Nb | V | Ti | Cu | Cr | Ni | Mo | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | ≤ 0.18 | ≤ 0.50 | 0.90–1.60 | ≤ 0.035 | ≤ 0.035 | ≥ 0.015 (total) | 0.02–0.05 | 0.05–0.10 | ≤ 0.02 | ≤ 0.35 | ≤ 0.20 | ≤ 0.40 | ≤ 0.08 | _Fine-grain and killed mandatory; offshore orders often restrict P, S ≤ 0.010–0.020 and specify Z35 through-thickness ductility. CEV ≤ 0.38 (TM) / ≤ 0.40 (N)._ ### Mechanical properties | Property | Requirement | Typical value | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Yield strength ReH | ≥ 355 MPa | 370–420 MPa | | | Tensile strength Rm | 490–630 MPa | 510–560 MPa | | | Elongation A5 | ≥ 21 % | 24–30 % | | | Charpy V longitudinal | ≥ 34 J at −40 °C | > 150 J | | | Charpy V transverse | ≥ 24 J at −40 °C | > 100 J | | | Delivery condition | N, NR or TM only | | as rolled not permitted | | Z-quality (option) | Z35: RA ≥ 35 % | | through-thickness, offshore | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | IACS / all societies | EH36 | LR EH36, BV EH36, DNV NV E36, ABS EH36, RINA EH36, TL EH36, NK KE36 | | ASTM | A131 Grade EH36 | identical | | EN 10025-3 | S355NL (approx.) | −50 °C impact, no class | | EN 10025-4 | S355ML (approx.) | TM | | Offshore | NV E36 / ABS EH36 MODU | offshore rules | | GB 712 | EH36 | Chinese | ### Society and offshore-code certification EH36 is ordered under the ship rules (LR, BV, DNV, ABS, RINA, TL, NK) or under the offshore rules (DNV-OS-B101, ABS MODU) and the certificate reflects which: the offshore version adds through-thickness Z35 testing, ultrasonic examination to EN 10160 and often tighter P/S limits. In both cases the mill is society-approved, the tests are witnessed, and each plate is stamped with the society mark, grade, heat and delivery condition (N or TM). We confirm the approved mill for the named society and code before quoting; approvals are not interchangeable between societies. For structures outside class we supply the same plate with a 3.1 certificate, plus 3.2 witnessing by Lloyd\'s, BV or TÜV on request. ### Delivery condition — N vs TM | Aspect | Normalised (N / NR) | TM-rolled (TM) | | --- | --- | --- | | Structure | fine ferrite–pearlite | fine ferrite–bainite, lower carbon | | Carbon equivalent | ≈ 0.38–0.42 | ≈ 0.32–0.38 | | Preheat for welding | from ≈ 30 mm | rarely below 50 mm | | Heat input limit | generous | per mill data (typ. ≤ 5 kJ/mm) | | Hot forming / normalising after delivery | permitted (re-normalise) | not permitted (> 600 °C) | | Thickness availability | to 150 mm | to ≈ 100 mm | | Price | base | similar; leaner alloy | _The yard's welding procedures are qualified per condition — state N or TM on the order if the WPS requires it._ ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 10–20 mm | 2 500 / 3 000 × 6 000 / 12 000 | mill order, limited stock | | 25–50 mm | 2 500 / 3 000 × 6 000 / 12 000 | mill order | | 60–100 mm | 2 500 / 3 000 × 6 000 / 10 000 | mill order, breakbulk | | Z35 / offshore | as above with UT to EN 10160 S1E2 | on request | ### Weight per m² and per plate | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 500 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 000 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 500 × 12 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 10 mm | 78.5 | 707 | 942 | 2 355 | | 12 mm | 94.2 | 848 | 1 130 | 2 826 | | 15 mm | 117.8 | 1 060 | 1 413 | 3 533 | | 20 mm | 157.0 | 1 413 | 1 884 | 4 710 | | 25 mm | 196.3 | 1 766 | 2 355 | 5 888 | | 30 mm | 235.5 | 2 120 | 2 826 | 7 065 | | 40 mm | 314.0 | 2 826 | 3 768 | 9 420 | | 50 mm | 392.5 | 3 533 | 4 710 | 11 775 | | 60 mm | 471.0 | 4 239 | 5 652 | 14 130 | | 80 mm | 628.0 | 5 652 | 7 536 | 18 840 | | 100 mm | 785.0 | 7 065 | 9 420 | 23 550 | _Nominal weights — mill tolerance to EN 10029 class A adds up to +4 % on thin plate; invoiced on theoretical weight unless agreed otherwise._ ### Welding, cutting and fabrication Approved Grade 3Y (or 4Y for −40 °C weld-metal impact) consumables; no preheat to about 30 mm (N) or 50 mm (TM), 75–100 °C above; heat input within the mill\'s limits for TM plate; interpass ≤ 250 °C. Plasma / oxy-cutting and bevelling standard; heavy plate is cut with preheat in cold weather. Cold forming at ≥ 3 × t; line heating for fairing below 600 °C (TM) / 650 °C (N); no hot forming or normalising of TM plate after delivery. Offshore cruciform joints in Z35 plate are UT-tested after welding. ### Where it is used - Thickest sheer strake, stringer and bilge plates of large container ships and tankers - Ice-class and Polar Code vessel hulls - Jack-up legs, spud cans and platform primary structure - Crane pedestals, foundations and heavy-lift structures - Wind-turbine installation vessels and offshore wind substructures - LNG carrier deck and hull structure ### EH36 vs DH36 vs S355NL DH36 covers most thick-plate work at −20 °C; EH36 adds the −40 °C guarantee and mandatory N/TM processing for the thickest and coldest service. Outside class, S355NL and S355ML are the −50 °C structural equivalents with a 3.1 certificate, used for the same offshore and crane structures when no society approval is required. ### Price Quoted per lot on request; EH36 is priced above DH36 for the mandatory normalising or TM route, with the society certificate, plate size, Z-quality and UT entering the offer. Send the plate list for a firm price within a working day. - EH36 · 10–100 mm: on request / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing EH36 steel plate leaves Dilovası on timber skids in packs of up to 5 t, steel-strapped with corner protectors and the heat number stencilled on every plate. Container loading: 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t of 6 m plate, 20' ≈ 20 t of short plate. 12 m and heavy plate go by flat-rack or breakbulk from Derince port. Customs code 7208.51 / 7208.52. - Moq: 5 t per size; 20 t per certificate lot - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Mill order 5–8 weeks; limited stock 15–30 mm - Packing: Plates on bearers, banded, stamped; primed plates with separators - Container: 40' HC ≈ 24 t of 6 m plate; 12 m and heavy plate breakbulk from Derince - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing Every lot of EH36 steel plate carries an EN 10204 3.1 inspection certificate listing heat, chemistry, mechanical and impact results. On request we add 3.2 witnessing by a classification society or inspector, EN 10160 ultrasonic testing and supplementary impact tests at the customer's design temperature. ### How to order Specify EH36, the society (and offshore code if applicable), thickness × width × length list, quantity, delivery condition (N / TM), Z35 and UT requirements, shop primer, and the project reference. ### FAQ **What is EH36 steel?** Higher-strength shipbuilding and offshore steel with 355 MPa minimum yield and 34 J Charpy impact at −40 °C, always normalised or TM-rolled — used for the thickest hull plates, ice-class vessels and offshore structures. **What is the difference between EH36 and DH36?** Same strength and chemistry; EH36 guarantees toughness at −40 °C (DH36 at −20 °C) and may only be delivered normalised or TM-rolled. **What is the equivalent of EH36?** ASTM A131 EH36 and DNV NV E36 are the same grade; S355NL / S355ML (EN 10025) are the structural equivalents without class certification. **Is EH36 used offshore?** Yes — it is the general primary-structure grade for jack-ups, platforms, crane pedestals and wind-installation vessels under DNV and ABS offshore rules, often with Z35 through-thickness properties. **Can EH36 be hot-formed?** Normalised plate can be hot-formed and re-normalised; TM plate must stay below 600 °C after delivery, so it is cold-formed only. ## Pressure Vessel Steel Plate URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/pressure-vessel-plate/ Vessel and boiler makers in the Gulf, Balkans and CIS buy from Turkey because the mills roll PED-certified P265GH and P355GH in the thickness they need with short lead times. We stock P265GH and P355GH 6–40 mm, order 16Mo3, P295GH and A516 Gr. 70 for specific projects, and deliver plates cut, bevelled and rolled into shells and dished ends from our own lines — with 3.2 certificates witnessed by TÜV, BV or Lloyd's. ### What makes pressure vessel plate different P-grades to EN 10028-2 are fine-grain, normalized steels whose yield strength is guaranteed not only at room temperature but at elevated temperatures (up to 400 °C for P265GH, 500 °C for 16Mo3), with tight limits on carbon, sulphur and phosphorus, controlled aluminium for grain size and a −20 °C impact test. They are supplied with EN 10204 3.2 certificates witnessed by a notified body, which is what the Pressure Equipment Directive, ASME Section VIII (for A516) and most national boiler codes require. Applications: fire-tube and water-tube boilers, steam drums, pressure vessels, air receivers, LPG and ammonia tanks, heat-exchanger shells and tube sheets, autoclaves, and process vessels in refineries and food plants. ### Grade pages — P235GH to 16Mo3 and A516 Each pressure-vessel grade has its own page with chemistry, elevated-temperature yield, equivalents, weight tables and price band: P235GH (hot-water and low-pressure boilers), P265GH (the standard boiler plate, in stock), P295GH, P355GH (high-pressure drums, LPG), P355NH (fine-grain, −20 °C, LPG spheres), 16Mo3 (to 500 °C) and the ASME grade A516 Gr. 70. ### Grades and elevated-temperature properties | Grade | Number | Yield 20 °C (MPa) | Yield 300 °C (MPa) | Tensile (MPa) | Max. design temp. | Old DIN | ASTM near | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | P235GH | 1.0345 | 235 | 150 | 360–480 | 400 °C | HI | A285 Gr. C | | P265GH | 1.0425 | 265 | 175 | 410–530 | 400 °C | HII | A516 Gr. 60 | | P295GH | 1.0481 | 295 | 200 | 460–580 | 400 °C | 17Mn4 | A516 Gr. 65 | | P355GH | 1.0473 | 355 | 235 | 510–650 | 400 °C | 19Mn6 | A516 Gr. 70 | | 16Mo3 | 1.5415 | 275 | 194 (at 400 °C 159) | 440–590 | 500 °C | 15Mo3 | A204 Gr. A | | P275NH | 1.0487 | 275 | — | 390–510 | — | WStE 285 | — | | P355NH | 1.0565 | 355 | — | 490–630 | — | WStE 355 | A516 Gr. 70 (N) | _Impact 27 J at −20 °C (GH) / 40 J (NH); chemistry C ≤ 0.16–0.22, Mn 0.40–1.70, Al ≥ 0.020, S ≤ 0.010–0.015 for 16Mo3/P355GH. Full data on steelstandart.com._ ### Sizes and stock | Grade | Thickness | Width | Length | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | P235GH | 5–60 mm | 1 500 / 2 000 / 2 500 | 6 000 / 12 000 | Order 3–5 weeks | | P265GH | 5–100 mm | 1 500 / 2 000 / 2 500 / 3 000 | 6 000 / 12 000 | 6–40 mm stock | | P295GH | 6–80 mm | 2 000 / 2 500 | 6 000 / 12 000 | Order 4–6 weeks | | P355GH | 6–100 mm | 2 000 / 2 500 / 3 000 | 6 000 / 12 000 | 8–30 mm stock | | 16Mo3 | 6–80 mm | 2 000 / 2 500 | 6 000 / 12 000 | Order 4–8 weeks | | A516 Gr. 70 | 6–100 mm | 2 000 / 2 500 / 3 000 | 6 000 / 12 000 | Order 4–6 weeks; dual P355GH on request | ### Certification: 3.2, PED, UT, HIC Standard delivery is EN 10204 3.1 normalized; for pressure equipment we supply 3.2 with the inspector of your choice (TÜV, BV, LR, DNV, SGS) witnessing the tensile, impact and elevated-temperature tests. Ultrasonic testing to EN 10160 S1/E1 or S2/E2, through-thickness Z25/Z35, and HIC testing (NACE TM0284) for sour service are available; plates are hard-stamped with heat, plate number and inspector's mark. All mills are PED-approved (Annex I 4.3) and hold AD 2000 W0 approval. ### Cutting, bevelling, rolling and dished ends Plasma and oxy-fuel cutting to shell developments and nozzle cut-outs; bevelling for full-penetration welds; four-roll plate rolling to 40 mm × 3 000 mm for shells and cones (see rolling and bending); dished ends (torispherical, elliptical) to 3 000 mm diameter from partner presses; tube sheets drilled to drawing. Rolled shells ship nested with heat traceability transferred under inspection. ### P265GH vs S235JR / S355J2 — why not structural plate S235JR and P265GH look similar at room temperature, but structural plate has no guaranteed strength at 300–400 °C, no −20 °C impact, wider sulphur limits and no PED certification, so a boiler or vessel inspector will reject it. P-grades cost 8–20% more per ton and are always normalized. A direct comparison of S235JR and P265GH is on our reference site. ### Pressure vessel plate price per ton Priced per mill lot and certificate level: P265GH normalized about 8–15% above S235JR plate, P355GH 12–20% above S355J2, 16Mo3 30–50% above; 3.2 witness, UT and HIC are per-plate extras. Ask for the current USD/MT with your grade, thickness, inspector and quantity. - P265GH · 6–50 mm: on request / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - P355GH / 16Mo3: on request / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Plates on bearers, strapped, stamps visible; 6 m in 40' HC, 12 m by flat-rack or breakbulk. HS code 7208.51 / 7225.40 (16Mo3 alloy). - Moq: 5 t per grade/thickness - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul / Derince · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: P265GH / P355GH stock 5–10 working days; other grades 4–8 weeks; 3.2 witness +1 week - Packing: Plates on bearers, strapped; rolled shells nested and chocked - Container: 40' HC to 6 m / 24 t · flat-rack 12 m · breakbulk · truck 24 t - Docs: EN 10204 3.1/3.2, UT, Z, HIC, PED statement, certificate of origin - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight via London office ### Certificates EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2 (TÜV / BV / LR / DNV / SGS), UT EN 10160, Z-quality EN 10164, HIC on request, PED conformity, certificate of origin. ### How to order Send grade, thickness × width × length or shell development, certificate level (3.1 / 3.2 + inspector), UT/Z/HIC needs, quantity and port. Reply within one working day. ### FAQ **What is P265GH?** A normalized non-alloy pressure-vessel steel to EN 10028-2 (1.0425, old HII): 265 MPa yield at 20 °C, 175 MPa guaranteed at 300 °C, tensile 410–530, impact 27 J at −20 °C — the most used boiler and vessel plate in Europe, equivalent to ASTM A516 Grade 60. **What is the difference between P265GH and A516 Grade 70?** A516 Gr. 70 has higher strength (260 MPa yield, 485–620 tensile) and corresponds to P355GH; P265GH matches A516 Gr. 60. Dual-certified plates P355GH/A516-70 are available for projects mixing EN and ASME. **When do I need 16Mo3?** For design temperatures between 400 and 500 °C — superheaters, steam drums, hot-oil systems — where the 0.3% molybdenum keeps the creep and elevated-temperature strength. **What is a 3.2 certificate?** An EN 10204 inspection certificate in which the tests are witnessed and countersigned by an independent inspector (TÜV, BV, LR, DNV) or the purchaser's representative — required by PED and most boiler codes. **Can I use S235JR for an air receiver?** Not for a pressure vessel under PED or a national boiler code: the inspector requires a P-grade with elevated-temperature properties and 3.2 certification. For non-coded low-pressure tanks S235JR is common. **Do you supply rolled shells and dished ends?** Yes — shells rolled to 40 mm × 3 000 mm on our four-roll machine, cones, and torispherical or elliptical dished ends to 3 000 mm from partner presses, with heat traceability transferred under inspection. **How much does P265GH cost?** About 8–15% above S235JR plate per ton for normalized 3.1 material; 3.2 witness, UT and HIC add per-plate fees. Firm price within one working day. ## P235GH Boiler Plate URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/p235gh-steel-plate/ Every heating-boiler factory in Turkey, the Balkans and the Middle East runs on P235GH: the shell, the tube plates and the smoke-tube end plates of a 100–1 000 kW hot-water or low-pressure steam boiler come out of it. It is a mild, deeply ductile plate that flanges, dishes and welds without drama, and carries the elevated-temperature guarantee that the PED and AD 2000 codes demand. ### What is P235GH steel plate? P235GH is the base grade of EN 10028-2: P for pressure, 235 for the minimum yield in MPa, G for "other characteristics" and H for high temperature. It is an aluminium-killed, fine-grain carbon steel (C ≤ 0.16 %, Mn 0.60–1.20 %) delivered normalised or normalised-rolled, whose distinguishing feature is a certified 0.2 % proof strength at elevated temperature: 198 MPa at 100 °C, 165 at 200 °C, 136 at 300 °C and 116 at 400 °C for plate up to 16 mm. That table is what a boiler designer works from, and it is why P235GH — not the cheaper S235JR — must be used for any part of a pressure equipment shell under the PED or AD 2000. Its DIN predecessor was H I (DIN 17155); ASTM users compare it with A285 Grade C or A516 Grade 55. In practice it covers the low-pressure end of the market: hot-water boilers, steam boilers up to about 10 bar, calorifiers, air receivers and heat-exchanger shells at moderate temperature, where its excellent formability (flanging, dishing, tube-plate drilling) matters more than strength. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Al | Cr | Cu | Mo | Ni | N | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | ≤ 0.16 | ≤ 0.35 | 0.60–1.20 | ≤ 0.025 | ≤ 0.015 | ≥ 0.020 | ≤ 0.30 | ≤ 0.30 | ≤ 0.08 | ≤ 0.30 | ≤ 0.012 | _Nb ≤ 0.010, Ti ≤ 0.03, V ≤ 0.02; Cr + Cu + Mo + Ni ≤ 0.70. CEV ≤ 0.35 typical._ ### Mechanical properties | Thickness | Yield ReH min (MPa) | Tensile Rm (MPa) | Elongation A min | Impact KV | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | ≤ 16 mm | 235 | 360–480 | 24 % | 27 J at +20 °C (40 J long.) | | > 16–40 mm | 225 | 360–480 | 24 % | 27 J at +20 °C | | > 40–60 mm | 215 | 360–480 | 24 % | 27 J at +20 °C | | Rp0.2 at 100 / 200 / 300 / 400 °C (≤ 16 mm) | 198 / 165 / 136 / 116 | — | — | — | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | DIN 17155 | H I | direct predecessor | | ASTM | A285 Gr. C / A516 Gr. 55 | A516-55 = 205 MPa yield | | JIS G3103 | SB410 | | | GB 713 | Q245R | | | BS 1501 | 161-360A | historic | | ISO 9328-2 | P235GH | | ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 3–6 mm | 1 500 / 2 000 × 6 000 | to order 1–3 weeks | | 8–20 mm | 2 000 / 2 500 × 6 000–12 000 | to order 1–3 weeks | | 25–60 mm | 2 000 / 2 500 × 6 000 | to order 2–4 weeks | ### Weight per m² and per plate | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 500 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 000 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 500 × 12 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 3 mm | 23.6 | 212 | 283 | 707 | | 4 mm | 31.4 | 283 | 377 | 942 | | 5 mm | 39.3 | 353 | 471 | 1 178 | | 6 mm | 47.1 | 424 | 565 | 1 413 | | 8 mm | 62.8 | 565 | 754 | 1 884 | | 10 mm | 78.5 | 707 | 942 | 2 355 | | 12 mm | 94.2 | 848 | 1 130 | 2 826 | | 15 mm | 117.8 | 1 060 | 1 413 | 3 533 | | 20 mm | 157.0 | 1 413 | 1 884 | 4 710 | | 25 mm | 196.3 | 1 766 | 2 355 | 5 888 | | 30 mm | 235.5 | 2 120 | 2 826 | 7 065 | | 40 mm | 314.0 | 2 826 | 3 768 | 9 420 | | 50 mm | 392.5 | 3 533 | 4 710 | 11 775 | | 60 mm | 471.0 | 4 239 | 5 652 | 14 130 | _Nominal weights — mill tolerance to EN 10029 class A adds up to +4 % on thin plate; invoiced on theoretical weight unless agreed otherwise._ ### Welding, cutting and forming P235GH welds like a good mild steel with a boiler-code discipline: qualified procedures (EN ISO 15614-1), low-hydrogen basic consumables (E38/E42 basic, G3Si1), no preheat below 30 mm, 50–75 °C above; post-weld heat treatment 550–600 °C is required by most codes above 30–35 mm wall. It flanges and dishes cold to a radius of 1.5 × t and hot-forms freely at 900–1 000 °C followed by normalising at 890–920 °C; tube plates drill and expand cleanly thanks to the fine-grain structure. Plasma-cut edges should be ground back 1–2 mm on pressure boundaries. ### Where it is used - Hot-water and low-pressure steam boiler shells and end plates - Tube plates and smoke-tube plates - Calorifiers and buffer tanks - Air receivers and compressed-air vessels - Heat-exchanger shells to 400 °C - Autoclaves and small process vessels ### P235GH vs P265GH P265GH has 13 % more yield (265 vs 235 MPa) and a proportionally better elevated-temperature curve for a price difference of about 20 USD/t, which is why it is the standard boiler plate and P235GH the choice only where the design already fixes the grade or where maximum formability of thin plate is wanted. Both are available to order from the same mills; P265GH is also the grade we hold in limited stock. ### Price P235GH is priced with a boiler-grade premium of about 180 USD/t over the S235JR base — the elevated-temperature testing and normalised delivery cost more than the chemistry. The band below is the month's indicative FOB Istanbul range; 3.2 inspection and UT are added per ton. - P235GH · 3–60 mm: USD 835–985 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Packing for P235GH steel plate: plates banded on hardwood skids (max 5 t per pack), edges protected, heat numbers marked; One 40' HC carries 24–25 t of 6 m plate; short plate goes 20 t to a 20'. Over-length plate is loaded flat-rack, and heavy plate above 25 t per piece travels breakbulk from Derince. HS 7208.51 / 7208.52. - Moq: 5 t of one thickness - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: To order 1–3 weeks (Turkish mill programme) - Packing: Skids up to 5 t, strapped, heat numbers stencilled - Container: 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t of 6 m plate - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing Documentation for P235GH steel plate: EN 10204 3.1 mill certificate as standard (heat number, analysis, tensile, Charpy, condition); 3.2 with an independent inspector, EN 10160 UT reports and additional low-temperature Charpy tests are available on plates above 8 mm at order. ### How to order Send thickness × width × length, tonnage, the code (PED / AD 2000 / ASME comparison), certificate level, and whether impact testing at −20 °C or UT is required; for tube plates send the drilling drawing — we cut circles and rings to size. ### FAQ **What is the ASTM material equivalent to P235GH?** ASTM A285 Grade C (205 MPa yield) is the usual comparison; A516 Grade 55 is the closer normalised pressure-vessel grade. Neither certifies elevated-temperature yield the EN way, so the designer must accept the substitution. **What is the difference between P235GH and S235JR?** Same yield at room temperature, but P235GH is aluminium-killed, fine-grain, normalised and certified for yield strength up to 400 °C — mandatory for pressure equipment; S235JR is a structural steel with no elevated-temperature guarantee. **What temperature can P235GH be used at?** Continuous service up to about 400 °C for plate (the standard tabulates Rp0.2 to 400 °C); above that P265GH / P295GH or 16Mo3 are used. **Is P235GH the same as H I?** Yes — H I was the DIN 17155 name; P235GH (1.0345) is its EN 10028-2 successor. **Does P235GH need post-weld heat treatment?** By most codes only above 30–35 mm wall thickness (PWHT at 550–600 °C); thinner boiler shells are welded without. ## P265GH Boiler Plate URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/p265gh-steel-plate/ If a boiler maker in Konya, Baghdad or Bucharest orders "boiler plate" without a grade, they get P265GH. It is the reference material of the European pressure-vessel codes, the grade with the most heats on the Turkish mill programmes and the one we keep on the floor in the thicknesses a steam-boiler shop uses every week. ### What is P265GH steel plate? P265GH is the non-alloy pressure-vessel steel with 265 MPa minimum yield and specified elevated-temperature properties per EN 10028-2. Its chemistry (C ≤ 0.20 %, Mn 0.80–1.40 %, Al-killed, fine grain) is set for a stable microstructure in continuous service to about 400 °C; the standard certifies Rp0.2 of 223 MPa at 100 °C, 186 at 200 °C, 153 at 300 °C and 130 at 400 °C for plate up to 16 mm, and it is these values a designer uses to size a shell under the PED, AD 2000 or EN 13445. The DIN predecessor was H II, and the ASME-world twin is A516 Grade 60 — the two are frequently accepted as substitutes with the designer's approval. P265GH is the volume grade: Erdemir and İsdemir roll it in every campaign, so it is the boiler plate with the shortest lead time and the one we stock. It welds without preheat up to 25–30 mm, forms and dishes well, and covers the great majority of steam boilers, air receivers, heat exchangers and autoclaves. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Al | Cr | Cu | Mo | Ni | N | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | ≤ 0.20 | ≤ 0.40 | 0.80–1.40 | ≤ 0.025 | ≤ 0.010 | ≥ 0.020 | ≤ 0.30 | ≤ 0.30 | ≤ 0.08 | ≤ 0.30 | ≤ 0.012 | _Nb ≤ 0.020, Ti ≤ 0.03, V ≤ 0.02; Cr + Cu + Mo + Ni ≤ 0.70. CEV ≤ 0.40 typical._ ### Mechanical properties | Thickness | Yield ReH min (MPa) | Tensile Rm (MPa) | Elongation A min | Impact KV | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | ≤ 16 mm | 265 | 410–530 | 22 % | 27 J at +20 °C (40 J long.) | | > 16–40 mm | 255 | 410–530 | 22 % | 27 J at +20 °C | | > 40–60 mm | 245 | 410–530 | 22 % | 27 J at +20 °C | | > 60–100 mm | 215 | 400–520 | 21 % | 27 J at +20 °C | | Rp0.2 at 100 / 200 / 300 / 400 °C (≤ 16 mm) | 223 / 186 / 153 / 130 | — | — | — | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | DIN 17155 | H II | direct predecessor | | ASTM | A516 Gr. 60 | 220 MPa yield, 415–550 tensile | | ASTM | A285 Gr. C (near) | | | JIS G3103 / G3115 | SB410 / SPV235 | | | GB 713 | Q245R | | | BS 1501 | 161-430A | historic | ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 3–5 mm | 1 500 × 6 000 | to order 1–3 weeks | | 6–20 mm | 1 500 / 2 000 / 2 500 × 6 000 | stock, limited | | 25–40 mm | 2 000 / 2 500 × 6 000–12 000 | to order 1–3 weeks | | 50–100 mm | 2 000–2 500 × 6 000 | to order 3–5 weeks, UT | ### Weight per m² and per plate | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 500 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 000 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 500 × 12 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 3 mm | 23.6 | 212 | 283 | 707 | | 4 mm | 31.4 | 283 | 377 | 942 | | 5 mm | 39.3 | 353 | 471 | 1 178 | | 6 mm | 47.1 | 424 | 565 | 1 413 | | 8 mm | 62.8 | 565 | 754 | 1 884 | | 10 mm | 78.5 | 707 | 942 | 2 355 | | 12 mm | 94.2 | 848 | 1 130 | 2 826 | | 15 mm | 117.8 | 1 060 | 1 413 | 3 533 | | 20 mm | 157.0 | 1 413 | 1 884 | 4 710 | | 25 mm | 196.3 | 1 766 | 2 355 | 5 888 | | 30 mm | 235.5 | 2 120 | 2 826 | 7 065 | | 40 mm | 314.0 | 2 826 | 3 768 | 9 420 | | 50 mm | 392.5 | 3 533 | 4 710 | 11 775 | | 60 mm | 471.0 | 4 239 | 5 652 | 14 130 | | 80 mm | 628.0 | 5 652 | 7 536 | 18 840 | | 100 mm | 785.0 | 7 065 | 9 420 | 23 550 | _Nominal weights — mill tolerance to EN 10029 class A adds up to +4 % on thin plate; invoiced on theoretical weight unless agreed otherwise._ ### Welding, cutting and forming Welding to EN ISO 15614-1 qualified procedures: basic low-hydrogen consumables (E42 basic, G3Si1 / G4Si1), no preheat up to 25–30 mm, 75–100 °C above; interpass ≤ 250 °C. PWHT at 550–600 °C above about 35 mm wall per PED/AD 2000 (and always for tube-plate weldments). Cold forming to 2 × t; hot forming 900–1 000 °C followed by normalising at 890–930 °C; dished ends are pressed hot and normalised. Ultrasonic testing per EN 10160 is recommended above 40 mm. The fine grain gives excellent drilling and tube-expansion behaviour. ### Where it is used - Steam boiler shells, furnaces and reversal chambers - Air receivers and compressed-air vessels - Heat-exchanger shells and tube plates - Autoclaves and sterilisers - Process vessels to 400 °C - Hot-water accumulators and district-heating tanks ### P265GH vs A516 Grade 60 They are the two default pressure-vessel plates of their worlds and are usually interchangeable with designer approval: P265GH gives 265 MPa yield and a certified elevated-temperature table; A516 Gr. 60 gives 220 MPa yield with a wider tensile band (415–550 MPa) and is specified through ASME Section II. A516 is generally normalised only above 40 mm unless ordered; P265GH always is. For an ASME U-stamp job order A516 Gr. 70; for PED/AD 2000 order P265GH. For more strength in the same family see P295GH and P355GH. ### Price P265GH is our reference boiler plate, about 200 USD/t over the S235JR base. The band below is the month's FOB Istanbul range for the 6–20 mm stock; UT, 3.2 and cut blanks are priced per ton or per piece. - P265GH · 6–20 mm: USD 855–1005 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Export packing of P265GH steel plate is by skid: up to 5 t per pack, steel straps, corner boards, stencilled heat numbers and a pack list that references the 3.1 certificates. Six-metre plate loads 24–25 t into a 40' HC. Long and heavy plate is shipped flat-rack or breakbulk via Derince. HS code 7208.51 / 7208.52. - Moq: 5 t of one thickness - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock 6–20 mm: 3–7 working days; other sizes 1–3 weeks - Packing: Skids up to 5 t, strapped, heat numbers stencilled - Container: 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t of 6 m plate - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing Documentation for P265GH steel plate: EN 10204 3.1 mill certificate as standard (heat number, analysis, tensile, Charpy, condition); 3.2 with an independent inspector, EN 10160 UT reports and additional low-temperature Charpy tests are available on plates above 8 mm at order. ### How to order Send thickness × width × length, tonnage, design code, certificate level and UT/impact options; for dished-end blanks and tube plates send the drawing and we cut to size on our plasma and laser lines. ### FAQ **What type of material is P265GH?** A non-alloy, aluminium-killed, normalised carbon steel for pressure equipment (EN 10028-2, 1.0425) with 265 MPa yield and certified yield strength up to 400 °C; formerly DIN H II. **What is the ASTM steel equivalent of P265GH?** ASTM A516 Grade 60 is the standard comparison (A285 Grade C for lighter duty); substitution needs the designer's approval because the two standards certify different properties. **What is the maximum working temperature of P265GH?** About 400 °C for plate in continuous service — the highest temperature at which EN 10028-2 specifies its proof strength; use 16Mo3 above that. **Does P265GH need preheating?** Not below 25–30 mm; 75–100 °C above, with low-hydrogen consumables. PWHT is required above about 35 mm by most codes. **What is the difference between P265GH and P295GH?** P295GH has 295 MPa yield (11 % more) and higher elevated-temperature values, so the shell can be about 10 % thinner at the same pressure; it has a higher carbon equivalent and needs preheat above 20 mm. **Is P265GH in stock in Turkey?** Yes — 6–20 mm in 1 500–2 500 mm widths in limited quantities at our Dilovası warehouse; other sizes in 1–3 weeks. ## P295GH Boiler Plate URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/p295gh-steel-plate/ P295GH is chosen by designers who have run the P265GH calculation and found the wall a few millimetres too thick — or too heavy to form. With 11 % more yield and a matching elevated-temperature curve it trims the shell without stepping up to the higher carbon and stricter welding of P355GH. ### What is P295GH steel plate? P295GH raises the manganese window (0.90–1.50 %) and the carbon ceiling slightly against P265GH to reach 295 MPa yield and 460–580 MPa tensile while staying a non-alloy, aluminium-killed, normalised fine-grain pressure-vessel steel. EN 10028-2 certifies its proof strength at temperature — 250 MPa at 100 °C, 209 at 200 °C, 172 at 300 °C, 147 at 400 °C for plate up to 16 mm — so a designer sizing a shell to EN 13445 or AD 2000 can take the full benefit of the higher grade. Its DIN name 17Mn4 still appears on older German boiler drawings, and ASME users match it with A516 Grade 65. The price of the extra strength is a carbon equivalent that can reach 0.45: preheat is needed above about 20 mm and PWHT above 30 mm. It is a mill-programme grade in Turkey; volumes are smaller than P265GH, so we plan 2–4 weeks and can offer P355GH as an upward substitute when time is short. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Al | Cr | Cu | Mo | Ni | N | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | 0.08–0.20 | ≤ 0.40 | 0.90–1.50 | ≤ 0.025 | ≤ 0.010 | ≥ 0.020 | ≤ 0.30 | ≤ 0.30 | ≤ 0.08 | ≤ 0.30 | ≤ 0.012 | _Nb ≤ 0.020, Ti ≤ 0.03, V ≤ 0.02; Cr + Cu + Mo + Ni ≤ 0.70. CEV up to 0.45._ ### Mechanical properties | Thickness | Yield ReH min (MPa) | Tensile Rm (MPa) | Elongation A min | Impact KV | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | ≤ 16 mm | 295 | 460–580 | 22 % | 27 J at +20 °C (40 J long.) | | > 16–40 mm | 290 | 460–580 | 22 % | 27 J at +20 °C | | > 40–60 mm | 285 | 460–580 | 22 % | 27 J at +20 °C | | > 60–100 mm | 260 | 450–570 | 21 % | 27 J at +20 °C | | Rp0.2 at 100 / 200 / 300 / 400 °C (≤ 16 mm) | 250 / 209 / 172 / 147 | — | — | — | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | DIN 17155 | 17Mn4 | direct predecessor | | ASTM | A516 Gr. 65 | 240 MPa yield, 450–585 tensile | | JIS G3115 | SPV315 | | | GB 713 | Q345R (near) | | | BS 1501 | 224-460 | historic | ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 6–12 mm | 2 000 × 6 000 | to order 2–4 weeks | | 15–40 mm | 2 000 / 2 500 × 6 000–12 000 | to order 2–4 weeks | | 50–100 mm | 2 000–2 500 × 6 000 | to order 4–6 weeks, UT | ### Weight per m² and per plate | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 500 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 000 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 500 × 12 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 6 mm | 47.1 | 424 | 565 | 1 413 | | 8 mm | 62.8 | 565 | 754 | 1 884 | | 10 mm | 78.5 | 707 | 942 | 2 355 | | 12 mm | 94.2 | 848 | 1 130 | 2 826 | | 15 mm | 117.8 | 1 060 | 1 413 | 3 533 | | 20 mm | 157.0 | 1 413 | 1 884 | 4 710 | | 25 mm | 196.3 | 1 766 | 2 355 | 5 888 | | 30 mm | 235.5 | 2 120 | 2 826 | 7 065 | | 40 mm | 314.0 | 2 826 | 3 768 | 9 420 | | 50 mm | 392.5 | 3 533 | 4 710 | 11 775 | | 60 mm | 471.0 | 4 239 | 5 652 | 14 130 | | 80 mm | 628.0 | 5 652 | 7 536 | 18 840 | | 100 mm | 785.0 | 7 065 | 9 420 | 23 550 | _Nominal weights — mill tolerance to EN 10029 class A adds up to +4 % on thin plate; invoiced on theoretical weight unless agreed otherwise._ ### Welding, cutting and forming Qualified procedures with basic low-hydrogen consumables (E46 basic, G4Si1); preheat 100 °C above 20 mm, 125 °C above 40 mm, interpass ≤ 250 °C; PWHT 550–600 °C above about 30 mm wall and for all tube-plate weldments. Cold forming 2.5 × t; hot forming 900–1 000 °C with normalising after. UT above 40 mm and for all dished-end blanks. Flame-cut edges ground on pressure boundaries. ### Where it is used - High-pressure steam boilers and steam drums - Large autoclaves and sterilisers - Process reactors and columns to 400 °C - Heat-exchanger shells with high design pressure - Air receivers above 30 bar - Boiler drums for waste-heat and biomass plants ### P295GH vs P355GH P355GH adds another 20 % yield (355 MPa) and a proportionally better temperature curve, at the cost of carbon up to 0.22 %, compulsory preheat and PWHT and a slightly higher price. For a shell that is thick because of pressure, P355GH is the more efficient plate; P295GH is the choice when the shop prefers milder welding rules or the code table already calls it. See P355GH and, for the volume grade, P265GH. ### Price P295GH is priced about 230 USD/t over the S235JR base. The band below is the indicative FOB Istanbul range for made-to-order plate; UT and 3.2 inspection extra. - P295GH · 6–100 mm: USD 885–1035 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Packing for P295GH steel plate: plates banded on hardwood skids (max 5 t per pack), edges protected, heat numbers marked; Container loading: 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t of 6 m plate, 20' ≈ 20 t of short plate. Over-length plate is loaded flat-rack, and heavy plate above 25 t per piece travels breakbulk from Derince. HS 7208.51 / 7208.52. - Moq: 10 t of one thickness - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: To order 2–4 weeks (mill programme or EU import) - Packing: Skids up to 5 t, strapped, heat numbers stencilled - Container: 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t of 6 m plate; longer flat-rack - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing P295GH steel plate ships with EN 10204 3.1 certificates cross-referenced to the stencilled heat numbers. Where the project requires it we arrange 3.2 certification with Lloyd's, BV, TÜV or SGS, ultrasonic examination to EN 10160 and Charpy testing at the temperature you specify. ### How to order Send sizes, tonnage, code, certificate level and whether P355GH is acceptable as an alternative; mill lead time confirmed within one working day. ### FAQ **What is the difference between P265GH and P295GH?** P295GH has 295 MPa yield versus 265, higher elevated-temperature values and a tensile band of 460–580 MPa; it allows roughly 10 % thinner shells but has a higher carbon equivalent and needs preheat above 20 mm. **What is 17Mn4?** The DIN 17155 name of P295GH — a manganese-strengthened boiler plate; the EN 10028-2 grade (1.0481) replaced it. **What is the ASTM equivalent of P295GH?** ASTM A516 Grade 65 (240 MPa yield, 450–585 MPa tensile) is the usual comparison. **What is the lead time for P295GH plate?** 2–4 weeks from the Turkish mill programme or EU import for 6–40 mm, 4–6 weeks for thicker plate; it is not a stock grade. ## P355GH Boiler Plate URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/p355gh-steel-plate/ P355GH is where European boiler makers go when the drum gets thick: the strongest plate the GH series offers without alloying, with a temperature curve to 400 °C and a well-understood welding recipe — preheat, low-hydrogen, PWHT. We supply it from Turkish and EU mills to order with the full pressure-equipment documentation. ### What is P355GH steel plate? P355GH is a non-alloy (C 0.10–0.22 %, Mn 1.10–1.70 %) aluminium-killed pressure-vessel steel, normalised, with 355 MPa minimum yield and a certified elevated-temperature proof-strength curve: 300 MPa at 100 °C, 250 at 200 °C, 206 at 300 °C and 176 at 400 °C for plate up to 16 mm. It is the direct successor of DIN 17155 19Mn6 and the European mirror of ASTM A516 Grade 70 — the two most-used high-strength boiler plates in the world. The extra manganese and carbon push the carbon equivalent to 0.45–0.50, which is why the welding rules are strict (preheat from 20 mm, PWHT from 30 mm) and why the plate is normalised for a stable fine grain. Used where P265GH would be uneconomically thick: steam drums, high-pressure steam boilers, LPG and ammonia storage vessels (with −20 °C impact testing ordered as an option), large autoclaves and reactor shells. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Al | Cr | Cu | Mo | Ni | N | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | 0.10–0.22 | ≤ 0.60 | 1.10–1.70 | ≤ 0.025 | ≤ 0.010 | ≥ 0.020 | ≤ 0.30 | ≤ 0.30 | ≤ 0.08 | ≤ 0.30 | ≤ 0.012 | _Nb ≤ 0.040, Ti ≤ 0.03, V ≤ 0.02; Cr + Cu + Mo + Ni ≤ 0.70. CEV 0.45–0.50._ ### Mechanical properties | Thickness | Yield ReH min (MPa) | Tensile Rm (MPa) | Elongation A min | Impact KV | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | ≤ 16 mm | 355 | 510–650 | 20 % | 27 J at +20 °C (40 J long.) | | > 16–40 mm | 345 | 510–650 | 20 % | 27 J at +20 °C | | > 40–60 mm | 335 | 510–650 | 20 % | 27 J at +20 °C | | > 60–100 mm | 315 | 490–630 | 19 % | 27 J at +20 °C | | > 100–150 mm | 295 | 480–620 | 18 % | 27 J at +20 °C | | Rp0.2 at 100 / 200 / 300 / 400 °C (≤ 16 mm) | 300 / 250 / 206 / 176 | — | — | — | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | DIN 17155 | 19Mn6 | direct predecessor | | ASTM | A516 Gr. 70 | 260 MPa yield, 485–620 tensile | | JIS G3115 | SPV355 | | | GB 713 | Q345R | | | BS 1501 | 224-490B | historic | | EN 10028-3 | P355NH | normalised fine-grain, −20 °C | ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 6–12 mm | 2 000 × 6 000 | to order 2–4 weeks | | 15–40 mm | 2 000 / 2 500 × 6 000–12 000 | to order 2–4 weeks | | 50–100 mm | 2 000–2 500 × 6 000–8 000 | to order 4–6 weeks, UT | | 120–150 mm | 2 000–2 500 × 4 000–6 000 | to order 6–8 weeks, UT | ### Weight per m² and per plate | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 500 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 000 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 500 × 12 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 6 mm | 47.1 | 424 | 565 | 1 413 | | 8 mm | 62.8 | 565 | 754 | 1 884 | | 10 mm | 78.5 | 707 | 942 | 2 355 | | 12 mm | 94.2 | 848 | 1 130 | 2 826 | | 15 mm | 117.8 | 1 060 | 1 413 | 3 533 | | 20 mm | 157.0 | 1 413 | 1 884 | 4 710 | | 25 mm | 196.3 | 1 766 | 2 355 | 5 888 | | 30 mm | 235.5 | 2 120 | 2 826 | 7 065 | | 40 mm | 314.0 | 2 826 | 3 768 | 9 420 | | 50 mm | 392.5 | 3 533 | 4 710 | 11 775 | | 60 mm | 471.0 | 4 239 | 5 652 | 14 130 | | 80 mm | 628.0 | 5 652 | 7 536 | 18 840 | | 100 mm | 785.0 | 7 065 | 9 420 | 23 550 | | 120 mm | 942.0 | 8 478 | 11 304 | 28 260 | | 150 mm | 1,177.5 | 10 598 | 14 130 | 35 325 | _Nominal weights — mill tolerance to EN 10029 class A adds up to +4 % on thin plate; invoiced on theoretical weight unless agreed otherwise._ ### Welding, cutting and forming Strict pressure-equipment discipline: qualified procedures, basic low-hydrogen consumables (E50 basic, G4Si1 / G46), preheat 100 °C above 20 mm and 150 °C above 40 mm, interpass ≤ 250 °C, PWHT 560–600 °C above about 30 mm and for all tube-plate and nozzle weldments. Hydrogen-cracking risk is real at CEV ≈ 0.48 — dry consumables and slow cooling. Cold forming to 3 × t; hot forming 900–1 000 °C with normalising after; dished ends are hot-pressed and normalised. UT per EN 10160 above 40 mm standard. ### Where it is used - High-pressure steam boilers and steam drums - LPG, propane and ammonia storage vessels - Large autoclaves (AAC, composite curing) - Reactors, columns and separators to 400 °C - Heat-recovery steam generators - Thick-walled heat-exchanger shells and tube plates ### P355GH vs A516 Grade 70 The two are the standard "strong" boiler plates and are commonly cross-accepted: P355GH gives 355 MPa yield with a certified EN temperature table; A516 Gr. 70 gives 260 MPa yield, 485–620 MPa tensile and is qualified through ASME II. A516-70 is often less expensive per ton but its lower design yield may make the wall thicker under ASME rules. For PED/AD 2000 vessels order P355GH; for ASME U-stamp vessels order A516 Gr. 70. If −20 °C toughness is required, see P355NH. ### Price P355GH carries about 220 USD/t over the S235JR base. The band below is the indicative FOB Istanbul range for made-to-order plate; −20 °C impact testing, UT and 3.2 inspection are added per ton. - P355GH · 6–150 mm: USD 875–1025 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing We ship P355GH steel plate in strapped skid packs up to 5 t, each plate stencilled with its heat number so the certificate can be matched at the receiving end. One 40' HC carries 24–25 t of 6 m plate; short plate goes 20 t to a 20'. Plates longer than 6 m or heavier packs are booked on flat-racks or as breakbulk cargo out of Derince. Tariff heading 7208.51 / 7208.52. - Moq: 10 t of one thickness - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: To order 2–4 weeks; > 60 mm 4–6 weeks - Packing: Skids up to 5 t, strapped; heavy plate loose on bearers, heat numbers stencilled - Container: 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t of 6 m plate; longer / heavier flat-rack, breakbulk - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing P355GH steel plate ships with EN 10204 3.1 certificates cross-referenced to the stencilled heat numbers. Where the project requires it we arrange 3.2 certification with Lloyd's, BV, TÜV or SGS, ultrasonic examination to EN 10160 and Charpy testing at the temperature you specify. ### How to order Send thickness × width × length, tonnage, code, certificate level, UT class and any impact test at −20 °C (option for LPG vessels); dished-end blanks and tube plates are cut to drawing. ### FAQ **What is P355GH?** The highest-strength non-alloy pressure-vessel steel of EN 10028-2 (1.0473, ex DIN 19Mn6): 355 MPa yield, 510–650 MPa tensile, certified yield strength to 400 °C, normalised. **What is the ASTM equivalent of P355GH?** ASTM A516 Grade 70 — the two are the standard high-strength boiler plates of the EN and ASME systems and are widely cross-accepted with designer approval. **What is the difference between P355GH and S355J2?** Same room-temperature yield, but P355GH is a normalised pressure-vessel steel with certified elevated-temperature properties and pressure-equipment documentation; S355J2 is a structural steel with no such guarantee and must not be used for pressure parts. **Does P355GH require preheat and PWHT?** Yes — preheat 100 °C above 20 mm (150 °C above 40 mm) and post-weld heat treatment above about 30 mm wall, because the carbon equivalent reaches 0.45–0.50. **Can P355GH be used for LPG tanks?** Yes, widely — ordered with the −20 °C impact-test option; where a lower design temperature or higher toughness is required, P355NH (EN 10028-3) is specified instead. ## P355NH Steel Plate URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/p355nh-steel-plate/ Where P355GH is the boiler plate, P355NH is the tank plate: the same 355 MPa, but a cleaner fine-grain chemistry tested cold as standard. LPG bullet and sphere fabricators in Turkey, Iraq and North Africa specify it by name; we bring it from EU and Turkish mills with 3.2 inspection and ultrasonic testing as the norm. ### What is P355NH steel plate? EN 10028-3 is the pressure-vessel equivalent of the fine-grain structural standard EN 10025-3: the steels are micro-alloyed with niobium, vanadium and titanium, aluminium-killed for a fine grain, and delivered normalised. The family has four toughness levels at 355 MPa — P355N (−20 °C, 40 J), P355NH (−20 °C, 40 J, plus certified elevated-temperature properties to 400 °C: 216 MPa at 300 °C), P355NL1 (−40 °C) and P355NL2 (−50 °C). NH is therefore the all-round grade: it serves as a boiler plate like P355GH and as a cold-toughness tank plate like the NL grades. Carbon is limited to 0.18 % (lower than P355GH's 0.22 %), sulphur to 0.015 %, giving a carbon equivalent of 0.40–0.43 and slightly milder welding rules. It is the material most LPG vessel specifications in Europe and the Middle East name outright, alongside its DIN predecessor WStE 355. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Al | Nb | V | Ti | Ni | Cr | Mo | Cu | N | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | ≤ 0.18 | ≤ 0.50 | 0.90–1.70 | ≤ 0.025 | ≤ 0.015 | ≥ 0.020 | ≤ 0.05 | ≤ 0.10 | ≤ 0.03 | ≤ 0.50 | ≤ 0.30 | ≤ 0.08 | ≤ 0.30 | ≤ 0.020 | _Nb + Ti + V ≤ 0.12 %. CEV 0.40–0.43 typical._ ### Mechanical properties | Thickness | Yield ReH min (MPa) | Tensile Rm (MPa) | Elongation A min | Impact KV | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | ≤ 16 mm | 355 | 490–630 | 22 % | 40 J at −20 °C (long.) / 27 J trans. | | > 16–40 mm | 345 | 490–630 | 22 % | 40 J at −20 °C | | > 40–60 mm | 335 | 490–630 | 22 % | 40 J at −20 °C | | > 60–100 mm | 325 | 470–610 | 21 % | 40 J at −20 °C | | Rp0.2 at 100 / 200 / 300 / 400 °C (≤ 16 mm) | 304 / 265 / 216 / 194 | — | — | — | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | DIN 17102 | WStE 355 | direct predecessor | | EN 10028-3 | P355N / P355NL1 / P355NL2 | siblings: −20 / −40 / −50 °C | | ASTM | A537 Cl. 1 | normalised C-Mn-Si pressure plate | | ASTM | A516 Gr. 70 (normalised, CVN −20 °C) | near | | JIS G3115 | SPV355 | | | GB 713 | Q345R (N) | | ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 6–12 mm | 2 000 / 2 500 × 6 000–12 000 | to order 3–5 weeks | | 15–40 mm | 2 500 / 3 000 × 6 000–12 000 | to order 3–5 weeks | | 50–100 mm | 2 500 × 6 000–10 000 | to order 5–6 weeks, UT standard | ### Weight per m² and per plate | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 500 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 000 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 500 × 12 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 6 mm | 47.1 | 424 | 565 | 1 413 | | 8 mm | 62.8 | 565 | 754 | 1 884 | | 10 mm | 78.5 | 707 | 942 | 2 355 | | 12 mm | 94.2 | 848 | 1 130 | 2 826 | | 15 mm | 117.8 | 1 060 | 1 413 | 3 533 | | 20 mm | 157.0 | 1 413 | 1 884 | 4 710 | | 25 mm | 196.3 | 1 766 | 2 355 | 5 888 | | 30 mm | 235.5 | 2 120 | 2 826 | 7 065 | | 40 mm | 314.0 | 2 826 | 3 768 | 9 420 | | 50 mm | 392.5 | 3 533 | 4 710 | 11 775 | | 60 mm | 471.0 | 4 239 | 5 652 | 14 130 | | 80 mm | 628.0 | 5 652 | 7 536 | 18 840 | | 100 mm | 785.0 | 7 065 | 9 420 | 23 550 | _Nominal weights — mill tolerance to EN 10029 class A adds up to +4 % on thin plate; invoiced on theoretical weight unless agreed otherwise._ ### Welding, cutting and forming Qualified procedures with basic low-hydrogen consumables matched for −20 °C toughness (E46 4 / G46 4 or better); preheat 75 °C above 25 mm and 100 °C above 40 mm (milder than P355GH thanks to the lower CEV), interpass ≤ 250 °C, heat input 1.0–2.5 kJ/mm to preserve the fine grain. PWHT 550–600 °C where the code requires (typically above 30 mm) — the grade is designed for it. Cold forming 2.5 × t; hot forming with re-normalising. Z25 quality recommended for nozzle reinforcement pads and skirt attachments on thick plate. ### Where it is used - LPG spheres, bullets and mounded vessels - Ammonia and refrigerated-gas storage tanks - Pressure vessels in cold climates (Kazakhstan, Balkans) - Steam drums and boilers where −20 °C toughness is required - Column and reactor shells to 400 °C - Heat exchangers for refrigeration and petrochemical plants ### P355NH vs P355GH Same strength, two philosophies. P355GH (EN 10028-2) is a plain C-Mn boiler steel with elevated-temperature properties; toughness at −20 °C is an option. P355NH (EN 10028-3) is a micro-alloyed fine-grain steel with 40 J at −20 °C as standard, the same temperature curve up to 400 °C, lower carbon and easier welding — at a premium of about 30 USD/t. For boilers and hot service either works; for LPG, ammonia and any vessel with a design temperature at or below 0 °C, NH is the correct grade. See P355GH and the structural cousin S355NL. ### Price P355NH is priced about 250 USD/t over the S235JR base as an imported fine-grain pressure plate; UT, Z-quality and 3.2 inspection are added per ton. Indicative FOB Istanbul band below. - P355NH · 6–100 mm: USD 905–1055 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing We ship P355NH steel plate in strapped skid packs up to 5 t, each plate stencilled with its heat number so the certificate can be matched at the receiving end. One 40' HC carries 24–25 t of 6 m plate; short plate goes 20 t to a 20'. Plates longer than 6 m or heavier packs are booked on flat-racks or as breakbulk cargo out of Derince. Tariff heading 7208.51 / 7208.52. - Moq: 20 t (mill lot) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: To order 3–6 weeks (EU / Turkish mill programme) - Packing: Loose on bearers or skids ≤ 5 t, strapped, heat numbers stencilled - Container: ≤ 6 m: 40' HC 24–25 t; 8–12 m flat-rack / breakbulk - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing Every lot of P355NH steel plate carries an EN 10204 3.1 inspection certificate listing heat, chemistry, mechanical and impact results. On request we add 3.2 witnessing by a classification society or inspector, EN 10160 ultrasonic testing and supplementary impact tests at the customer's design temperature. ### How to order Send thickness × width × length, tonnage, design temperature and pressure code, certificate (3.1 / 3.2 with inspector), UT class and Z-quality; for spheres we also need the petal cutting plan if you want plates cut to net shape. ### FAQ **What is P355NH steel?** A normalised, micro-alloyed fine-grain pressure-vessel steel to EN 10028-3 (1.0565) with 355 MPa yield, 40 J impact at −20 °C as standard and certified elevated-temperature properties to 400 °C; formerly DIN WStE 355. **What is the difference between P355NH and P355GH?** P355NH is a fine-grain steel with guaranteed −20 °C toughness and lower carbon; P355GH is a plain C-Mn boiler steel where cold toughness is only an option. Both have the same yield and temperature curve. **What is the difference between P355N, P355NH, P355NL1 and P355NL2?** N: −20 °C, no elevated-temperature guarantee; NH: −20 °C plus elevated-temperature properties; NL1: −40 °C; NL2: −50 °C. All 355 MPa, EN 10028-3. **Which steel plate is used for LPG tanks?** In Europe and the Middle East mostly P355NH (or P355NL1/NL2 for lower design temperatures); in the ASME world A516 Grade 70 normalised with impact testing or A537 Class 1. **What is the ASTM equivalent of P355NH?** ASTM A537 Class 1 is the closest (normalised C-Mn-Si pressure plate); A516 Gr. 70 normalised with −20 °C Charpy testing is often accepted. ## 16Mo3 Steel Plate URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/16mo3-steel-plate/ When the design temperature passes 400 °C the carbon boiler plates run out of certified strength, and 16Mo3 takes over: a small molybdenum addition that holds the microstructure and the creep strength up to 500 °C. Power-plant, waste-to-energy and refinery fabricators order it by heat with 3.2 inspection; we source it from EU mills and stock nothing — every lot is a project lot. ### What is 16Mo3 steel plate? 16Mo3 is a low-alloy heat-resisting steel: 0.12–0.20 % carbon, 0.40–0.90 % manganese and — the defining addition — 0.25–0.35 % molybdenum, which forms fine carbides that resist softening and creep at temperature. EN 10028-2 certifies its 0.2 % proof strength from 50 °C to 500 °C (243 MPa at 100 °C, 213 at 200 °C, 194 at 300 °C, 174 at 400 °C, 137 at 500 °C, plate ≤ 16 mm) and gives creep-rupture values for 10 000 to 200 000 h between 450 and 530 °C — data no carbon grade offers. Room-temperature yield is 275 MPa and tensile 440–590 MPa; impact 31 J at +20 °C (40 J long.). It is delivered normalised (or normalised + tempered) and is the standard material for superheater headers and drums, economiser and evaporator plates, flue-gas heat-recovery boilers, hot-gas ducts and refinery vessels in the 400–500 °C range. Its DIN name 15Mo3 is still common in Germany and Turkey; ASTM A204 Grade B is the accepted equivalent. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Mo | Cr | Cu | Ni | N | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | 0.12–0.20 | ≤ 0.35 | 0.40–0.90 | ≤ 0.025 | ≤ 0.010 | 0.25–0.35 | ≤ 0.30 | ≤ 0.30 | ≤ 0.30 | ≤ 0.012 | _Al ≤ 0.040 (no deliberate Al-killing), Nb ≤ 0.020, Ti ≤ 0.03, V ≤ 0.02. CEV ≈ 0.45–0.50._ ### Mechanical properties | Thickness | Yield ReH min (MPa) | Tensile Rm (MPa) | Elongation A min | Impact KV | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | ≤ 16 mm | 275 | 440–590 | 22 % | 31 J at +20 °C (40 J long.) | | > 16–40 mm | 270 | 440–590 | 22 % | 31 J at +20 °C | | > 40–60 mm | 260 | 440–590 | 22 % | 31 J at +20 °C | | > 60–100 mm | 240 | 430–580 | 21 % | 31 J at +20 °C | | Rp0.2 at 100 / 200 / 300 / 400 / 500 °C (≤ 16 mm) | 243 / 213 / 194 / 174 / 137 | — | — | — | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | DIN 17155 | 15Mo3 | direct predecessor | | ASTM | A204 Gr. B | C-½Mo plate, 275 MPa | | ASTM | A209 T1 / A335 P1 | tube / pipe analogues | | JIS G4109 | SB450M | | | GB 713 | 15MoG (near) | | | BS 1501 | 240 | historic | ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 6–12 mm | 2 000 × 6 000 | to order 4–6 weeks | | 15–40 mm | 2 000 / 2 500 × 6 000–12 000 | to order 4–8 weeks | | 50–100 mm | 2 000–2 500 × 6 000 | to order 6–8 weeks, UT | ### Weight per m² and per plate | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 500 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 000 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 500 × 12 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 6 mm | 47.1 | 424 | 565 | 1 413 | | 8 mm | 62.8 | 565 | 754 | 1 884 | | 10 mm | 78.5 | 707 | 942 | 2 355 | | 12 mm | 94.2 | 848 | 1 130 | 2 826 | | 15 mm | 117.8 | 1 060 | 1 413 | 3 533 | | 20 mm | 157.0 | 1 413 | 1 884 | 4 710 | | 25 mm | 196.3 | 1 766 | 2 355 | 5 888 | | 30 mm | 235.5 | 2 120 | 2 826 | 7 065 | | 40 mm | 314.0 | 2 826 | 3 768 | 9 420 | | 50 mm | 392.5 | 3 533 | 4 710 | 11 775 | | 60 mm | 471.0 | 4 239 | 5 652 | 14 130 | | 80 mm | 628.0 | 5 652 | 7 536 | 18 840 | | 100 mm | 785.0 | 7 065 | 9 420 | 23 550 | _Nominal weights — mill tolerance to EN 10029 class A adds up to +4 % on thin plate; invoiced on theoretical weight unless agreed otherwise._ ### Welding, cutting and forming Molybdenum changes the rules: use matching Mo-alloyed consumables (E Mo B basic rods, G MoSi wire, EN ISO 3580 / 21952), preheat 150–200 °C at every thickness above 10 mm, interpass 200–300 °C, and post-weld heat treatment at 580–620 °C (holding 2 min/mm, min 30 min) which most codes make mandatory for 16Mo3 regardless of thickness. Hydrogen control is critical (dry basic consumables, slow cooling under insulation). Cold forming to 3 × t; hot forming at 950–1 050 °C followed by normalising at 900–940 °C. Hardness after welding is checked (≤ 250 HB after PWHT). ### Where it is used - Superheater headers, steam drums and boiler shells above 400 °C - Economisers, evaporators and heat-recovery steam generators - Waste-to-energy and biomass boiler membrane walls - Flue-gas ducts, hot-gas heat exchangers - Refinery and petrochemical vessels (hydrogen service with care) - Power-plant piping components cut from plate ### 16Mo3 vs P265GH / P355GH The carbon GH grades are certified to 400 °C; 16Mo3 goes to 500 °C and carries creep-rupture data. At room temperature its strength (275 MPa) sits between P265GH and P355GH, so it is never chosen for strength — only for temperature. It costs roughly 2.5 times the carbon boiler plate and demands Mo consumables, high preheat and PWHT. Below 400 °C stay with P265GH or P355GH; above 500 °C the next step is 13CrMo4-5 (on request). ### Price 16Mo3 carries the highest premium in our boiler list — about 500 USD/t over the S235JR base — driven by molybdenum and EU sourcing; the band below is indicative FOB Istanbul for mill-order plate. Small lots from EU stock are quoted separately. - 16Mo3 · 6–100 mm: USD 1155–1305 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing We ship 16Mo3 steel plate in strapped skid packs up to 5 t, each plate stencilled with its heat number so the certificate can be matched at the receiving end. A 40' HC takes 24–25 t of 6 m plate. Plates longer than 6 m or heavier packs are booked on flat-racks or as breakbulk cargo out of Derince. Tariff heading 7208.51 / 7208.52. - Moq: 10 t (mill lot; smaller from EU stock at premium) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Imported to order 4–8 weeks - Packing: Skids up to 5 t or loose on bearers, strapped, heat numbers stencilled - Container: ≤ 6 m: 40' HC 24–25 t; longer flat-rack - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing Every lot of 16Mo3 steel plate carries an EN 10204 3.1 inspection certificate listing heat, chemistry, mechanical and impact results. On request we add 3.2 witnessing by a classification society or inspector, EN 10160 ultrasonic testing and supplementary impact tests at the customer's design temperature. ### How to order State thickness × width × length, tonnage, design temperature and pressure, code, certificate 3.1 / 3.2 with inspector, UT class and delivery condition (+N or +NT); we confirm the mill slot and price within one working day. ### FAQ **What is 16Mo3 steel?** A low-alloy, molybdenum-bearing (0.25–0.35 % Mo) pressure-vessel and boiler steel to EN 10028-2 (1.5415, ex DIN 15Mo3) with certified strength and creep data up to 500 °C; room-temperature yield 275 MPa. **What is the ASTM equivalent of 16Mo3?** ASTM A204 Grade B (carbon-½ molybdenum plate) for plate; A209 T1 tube and A335 P1 pipe are the corresponding tubular grades. **What is the maximum temperature for 16Mo3?** About 500 °C for continuous service with creep design (EN 10028-2 tabulates creep-rupture strength to 530 °C); above that chromium-molybdenum grades such as 13CrMo4-5 are used. **Does 16Mo3 need preheating and PWHT?** Yes — preheat 150–200 °C, Mo-alloyed consumables and post-weld heat treatment at 580–620 °C are standard code requirements for 16Mo3 at practically every thickness. **Is 16Mo3 the same as 15Mo3?** Yes — 15Mo3 is the DIN 17155 name; 16Mo3 (1.5415) is the EN 10028-2 successor with essentially the same chemistry. ## ASTM A516 Grade 70 Plate URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/a516-gr70-steel-plate/ In Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Iraq and Nigeria the pressure-vessel code is ASME, and the plate is A516-70. Turkish mills roll it to ASTM alongside their EN grades, so a fabricator on an ASME job can buy it from Istanbul with the same lead time as P355GH — and with the ASME SA-516 dual certification the U-stamp inspector wants. ### What is ASTM A516 Grade 70 plate? ASTM A516 covers carbon-steel plates for moderate- and lower-temperature pressure vessels in four grades named after their minimum tensile strength in ksi — 55, 60, 65 and 70. Grade 70 (260 MPa yield, 485–620 MPa tensile) is by far the most used, followed by Grade 60 (220 MPa, 415–550 MPa). The steel is silicon-killed with a fine austenitic grain size, which is what gives it good notch toughness; the standard requires normalising above 40 mm (1.5 in) and allows it on order for any thickness — most buyers now order "Grade 70 N". Carbon rises with thickness (0.27–0.31 % max) and manganese 0.79–1.30 %, so the carbon equivalent is higher than P355GH's and preheat/PWHT rules are similar. Impact testing is not mandatory but is ordered for cold service: −20 °C (−4 °F) for general refinery work, −46 °C (−50 °F) for propane and LNG-adjacent vessels. As ASME SA-516 it is listed in Section II and is the default shell material for ASME VIII vessels; EN designers compare it with P355GH (Gr. 70) and P265GH (Gr. 60). ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Mn | P | S | Si | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | ≤ 0.27 (≤ 12.5 mm) … ≤ 0.31 (> 100 mm) | 0.79–1.30 (> 12.5 mm) | ≤ 0.025 | ≤ 0.025 | 0.13–0.45 | _Mn 0.85–1.20 up to 12.5 mm. Grade 60: C ≤ 0.21–0.27, Mn 0.60–1.20 (0.85–1.20 > 12.5 mm). CEV Gr. 70 ≈ 0.43–0.48._ ### Mechanical properties | Grade | Yield min (MPa / ksi) | Tensile (MPa / ksi) | Elongation min (200 mm / 50 mm) | Impact | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Gr. 70 | 260 / 38 | 485–620 / 70–90 | 17 % / 21 % | CVN on order (S5): e.g. 27 J at −20 °C, 20 J at −46 °C | | Gr. 65 | 240 / 35 | 450–585 / 65–85 | 19 % / 23 % | CVN on order | | Gr. 60 | 220 / 32 | 415–550 / 60–80 | 21 % / 25 % | CVN on order | | Gr. 55 | 205 / 30 | 380–515 / 55–75 | 23 % / 27 % | CVN on order | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | EN 10028-2 | P355GH (Gr. 70) / P295GH (Gr. 65) / P265GH (Gr. 60) | usual substitutions, designer approval | | EN 10028-3 | P355NH / P355NL1 (Gr. 70 N + CVN) | cold service | | ASME | SA-516 Gr. 70 | identical, Section II listing | | JIS G3115 | SPV355 (near) | | | GB 713 | Q345R | | | ASTM | A537 Cl. 1 | higher-strength alternative | ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 6–12 mm | 2 000 / 2 500 × 6 000 | to order 2–4 weeks | | 15–40 mm | 2 000 / 2 500 × 6 000–12 000 | to order 2–4 weeks; N on order | | 50–100 mm | 2 000–2 500 × 6 000–8 000 | to order 4–6 weeks, N mandatory, UT A435/A578 | ### Weight per m² and per plate | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 500 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 000 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 500 × 12 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 6 mm | 47.1 | 424 | 565 | 1 413 | | 8 mm | 62.8 | 565 | 754 | 1 884 | | 10 mm | 78.5 | 707 | 942 | 2 355 | | 12 mm | 94.2 | 848 | 1 130 | 2 826 | | 15 mm | 117.8 | 1 060 | 1 413 | 3 533 | | 20 mm | 157.0 | 1 413 | 1 884 | 4 710 | | 25 mm | 196.3 | 1 766 | 2 355 | 5 888 | | 30 mm | 235.5 | 2 120 | 2 826 | 7 065 | | 40 mm | 314.0 | 2 826 | 3 768 | 9 420 | | 50 mm | 392.5 | 3 533 | 4 710 | 11 775 | | 60 mm | 471.0 | 4 239 | 5 652 | 14 130 | | 80 mm | 628.0 | 5 652 | 7 536 | 18 840 | | 100 mm | 785.0 | 7 065 | 9 420 | 23 550 | _Nominal weights — mill tolerance to EN 10029 class A adds up to +4 % on thin plate; invoiced on theoretical weight unless agreed otherwise._ ### Welding, cutting and forming Weld to ASME IX qualified procedures with low-hydrogen consumables (E7018, ER70S-6); preheat 80–100 °C above 25 mm and 120–150 °C above 40 mm, interpass ≤ 250 °C; PWHT per ASME VIII UCS-56 — mandatory above 38 mm (1.5 in) for P-No. 1 material, at 595–650 °C. Cold forming to 3 × t; hot forming with re-normalising. Ultrasonic testing to SA-435 (straight beam) or SA-578 for critical service; HIC-resistant versions (NACE MR0175 / TM0284) are a separate order with restricted S and Ca treatment. ### Where it is used - ASME VIII pressure vessels, drums and separators (U-stamp) - Refinery and gas-plant equipment in the Gulf, Iraq and Africa - Propane / LPG bullets and spheres (Gr. 70 N, CVN −46 °C) - Heat exchangers and air coolers to TEMA - Storage tanks to API 650 where A516 is specified - Boilers built to ASME I ### A516 Grade 70 vs P355GH Both are the "strong" carbon pressure plate of their code. A516-70 yields at 260 MPa but has a wide tensile band (485–620 MPa) and its design stresses come from ASME II-D; P355GH yields at 355 MPa with an EN elevated-temperature table. Under ASME rules the A516-70 wall is often slightly thicker; under PED the P355GH wall is thinner. Do not mix: an ASME U-stamp needs SA-516; a PED CE-marked vessel needs the EN grade (or a PMA). See P355GH and P265GH for the EN grades, P355NH for cold service. ### Price A516 Gr. 70 is priced about 260 USD/t over the S235JR base (Gr. 60 about 230 USD/t); normalising, Charpy testing, UT and 3.2 inspection are added per ton. The bands below are the month's indicative FOB Istanbul ranges. - A516 Gr. 70 · 6–100 mm: USD 915–1065 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - A516 Gr. 60 · 6–60 mm: USD 885–1035 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Export packing of ASTM A516 Grade 70 plate is by skid: up to 5 t per pack, steel straps, corner boards, stencilled heat numbers and a pack list that references the 3.1 certificates. Container loading: 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t of 6 m plate, 20' ≈ 20 t of short plate. Long and heavy plate is shipped flat-rack or breakbulk via Derince. HS code 7208.51 / 7208.52. - Moq: 10 t of one thickness - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: To order 2–4 weeks (Turkish mill) / 4–6 weeks (EU) - Packing: Skids up to 5 t or loose on bearers, strapped, heat numbers stencilled - Container: ≤ 6 m: 40' HC 24–25 t; longer flat-rack - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing ASTM A516 Grade 70 plate is delivered with the mill certificate EN 10204 3.1 — heat number, ladle analysis, tensile and impact results and the delivery condition. Third-party 3.2 certification (Lloyd's, BV, TÜV, SGS), ultrasonic testing to EN 10160 and extra Charpy tests at a lower temperature are ordered per lot. ### How to order Specify grade (55/60/65/70), delivery condition (as-rolled or N), Charpy temperature and energy, UT standard, supplementary requirements (S1–S17) and certificate (EN 10204 3.1 / 3.2 or MTR per ASME); we quote with the mill's ASME SA-516 dual certification. ### FAQ **What is A516 Grade 70 steel?** A carbon, silicon-killed, fine-grain pressure-vessel plate to ASTM A516 / ASME SA-516 with 260 MPa (38 ksi) minimum yield and 485–620 MPa (70–90 ksi) tensile, used for ASME VIII vessels at moderate and lower temperatures. **What is the difference between A516 Grade 60 and Grade 70?** Tensile strength: 415–550 MPa (60 ksi) vs 485–620 MPa (70 ksi), yield 220 vs 260 MPa, with slightly higher carbon and manganese in Grade 70; Grade 70 allows a thinner wall and is the more common grade. **What is the EN equivalent of A516 Gr. 70?** P355GH (EN 10028-2) is the usual comparison; for cold service P355NH / P355NL1. Substitution needs designer approval because the codes certify different properties. **Is A516 Grade 70 normalised?** Required above 40 mm (1.5 in) by the standard; below that on order — most vessel specifications now require "Grade 70 N" at all thicknesses, especially with impact testing. **What impact test temperature is used for A516 Gr. 70?** Commonly −20 °C (−4 °F) for general refinery service and −46 °C (−50 °F) for propane / LPG vessels, ordered under supplementary requirement S5. **Does A516 Gr. 70 need PWHT?** Under ASME VIII (UCS-56) post-weld heat treatment is mandatory above 38 mm wall for P-No. 1 materials; thinner shells may be exempt unless service (H2S, lethal) requires it. ## ASTM A572 Grade 50 Plate URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/a572-gr50-steel-plate/ Projects engineered in the USA, or by consultants who work in AISC and AWS, arrive in our markets with A572-50 on every plate list. Turkish mills roll it with ASTM certification next to S355J2 — same furnace, same rolling schedule, different paperwork — so the plate ships from Istanbul in the same 2–4 weeks. ### What is ASTM A572 Grade 50 plate? A572 is ASTM's high-strength low-alloy columbium-vanadium structural steel, in five grades named for yield in ksi: 42, 50, 55, 60 and 65. Grade 50 dominates — 345 MPa yield, 450 MPa tensile, elongation 18 % (200 mm) / 21 % (50 mm) — and is the default plate and shape material of AISC design (with A992 for wide-flange beams). The standard allows four alloying "types" (1: Nb, 2: V, 3: Nb + V, 5: Ti-V) and caps carbon at 0.23 %, manganese at 1.35 %; impact tests are not mandatory but are ordered as a supplementary requirement (typically 20 J at −20 °C or per AASHTO zones for A709). Grade 50 is available up to 100 mm; Grades 60 and 65 only to 32 mm. In practice A572-50 and S355J2 are cross-accepted in most non-code structural work, but the certificate must show the grade the drawing calls for — an ASTM-designed crane runway wants A572, a Eurocode one wants S355. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Mn | P | S | Si | Nb | V | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | ≤ 0.23 | ≤ 1.35 | ≤ 0.030 | ≤ 0.030 | ≤ 0.40 | 0.005–0.05 (Type 1/3) | 0.01–0.15 (Type 2/3) | _Type 3: Nb + V ≤ 0.15. CEV typically 0.38–0.43. Cu ≥ 0.20 on order for weathering._ ### Mechanical properties | Grade | Yield min (MPa / ksi) | Tensile min (MPa / ksi) | Elongation min (200 / 50 mm) | Max thickness | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Gr. 42 | 290 / 42 | 415 / 60 | 20 % / 24 % | 150 mm | | Gr. 50 | 345 / 50 | 450 / 65 | 18 % / 21 % | 100 mm | | Gr. 55 | 380 / 55 | 485 / 70 | 17 % / 20 % | 50 mm | | Gr. 60 | 415 / 60 | 520 / 75 | 16 % / 18 % | 32 mm | | Gr. 65 | 450 / 65 | 550 / 80 | 15 % / 17 % | 32 mm | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | EN 10025-2 | S355JR / J0 / J2 | by impact class ordered | | EN 10025-4 | S355M (TMCP) | | | ASTM | A992 | shapes, 345–450 MPa yield window | | ASTM | A709 Gr. 50 / 50W | bridge version with CVN zones | | JIS G3106 | SM490A/B | | | GB/T 1591 | Q355B | | ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 6–12 mm | 2 000 / 2 438 × 6 000–12 000 | to order 2–4 weeks | | 15–40 mm | 2 000 / 2 438 / 2 500 × 6 000–12 000 | to order 2–4 weeks | | 50–100 mm | 2 000–2 500 × 6 000 | to order 3–5 weeks | ### Weight per m² and per plate | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 500 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 000 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 500 × 12 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 6 mm | 47.1 | 424 | 565 | 1 413 | | 8 mm | 62.8 | 565 | 754 | 1 884 | | 10 mm | 78.5 | 707 | 942 | 2 355 | | 12 mm | 94.2 | 848 | 1 130 | 2 826 | | 15 mm | 117.8 | 1 060 | 1 413 | 3 533 | | 20 mm | 157.0 | 1 413 | 1 884 | 4 710 | | 25 mm | 196.3 | 1 766 | 2 355 | 5 888 | | 30 mm | 235.5 | 2 120 | 2 826 | 7 065 | | 40 mm | 314.0 | 2 826 | 3 768 | 9 420 | | 50 mm | 392.5 | 3 533 | 4 710 | 11 775 | | 60 mm | 471.0 | 4 239 | 5 652 | 14 130 | | 80 mm | 628.0 | 5 652 | 7 536 | 18 840 | | 100 mm | 785.0 | 7 065 | 9 420 | 23 550 | _Nominal weights — mill tolerance to EN 10029 class A adds up to +4 % on thin plate; invoiced on theoretical weight unless agreed otherwise._ ### Welding, cutting and forming Prequalified under AWS D1.1 with E7018 / ER70S-6 / F7A2 consumables; preheat per D1.1 Table 3.3 (Category B): none up to 19 mm, 10 °C to 38 mm, 65 °C to 65 mm, 110 °C above. Low-hydrogen practice is standard. Cold forming 2 × t (1.5 × t for Type 1); flame cutting with edges ground on dynamic members; laser to 20 mm, plasma to 50 mm. Galvanising: silicon ≤ 0.04 % or 0.15–0.25 % avoids the Sandelin reactive range — specify when the plate will be hot-dip galvanised. ### Where it is used - AISC-designed buildings, mezzanines and pipe racks - Crane runways and lifting equipment to ASME B30 / CMAA - Oil & gas skids, module frames and structural steel in Gulf plants - Bridges (as A709 Gr. 50) and transport structures - Construction and mining equipment fabricated to ASTM - Wind, solar and telecom structures to US specifications ### A572 Grade 50 vs S355 Same strength class (345 vs 355 MPa yield) and similar chemistry; the differences are in the paperwork and the toughness default. S355J2 always carries 27 J at −20 °C; A572-50 has no impact test unless ordered. A572 caps carbon at 0.23 % and always micro-alloys with Nb or V; S355 may reach 0.24 % C without micro-alloying. In practice they substitute for each other when the designer accepts it — order A572 with CVN at −20 °C to match J2. See S355J2 and S355JR. ### Price A572 Gr. 50 is priced about 280 USD/t over the S235JR base as an ASTM-certified mill-order grade. The band below is the indicative FOB Istanbul range; Charpy testing and 3.2 inspection are extra. - A572 Gr. 50 · 6–100 mm: USD 935–1085 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Export packing of ASTM A572 Grade 50 plate is by skid: up to 5 t per pack, steel straps, corner boards, stencilled heat numbers and a pack list that references the 3.1 certificates. Six-metre plate loads 24–25 t into a 40' HC. Long and heavy plate is shipped flat-rack or breakbulk via Derince. HS code 7208.51 / 7208.52. - Moq: 10 t of one thickness - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: To order 2–4 weeks (Turkish mill programme) - Packing: Skids up to 5 t, strapped; heavy plate on bearers - Container: 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t of 6 m plate; 12 m flat-rack - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing Every lot of ASTM A572 Grade 50 plate carries an EN 10204 3.1 inspection certificate listing heat, chemistry, mechanical and impact results. On request we add 3.2 witnessing by a classification society or inspector, EN 10160 ultrasonic testing and supplementary impact tests at the customer's design temperature. ### How to order Specify grade, type (if any), thickness × width × length, tonnage, Charpy requirement and certificate (MTR per ASTM A6 / EN 10204 3.1); imperial widths (96 in = 2 438 mm) are available. ### FAQ **What is ASTM A572 Grade 50?** A high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) structural steel plate with 345 MPa (50 ksi) minimum yield and 450 MPa (65 ksi) minimum tensile, micro-alloyed with niobium and/or vanadium, used for AISC-designed structures and equipment. **Is A572 Grade 50 equivalent to S355?** They are the standard cross-equivalents: 345 vs 355 MPa yield, similar chemistry. S355J2 includes −20 °C impact testing by default; A572-50 needs it ordered as a supplement. **What is the difference between A572 Grade 50 and A36?** A36 is a plain carbon steel with 250 MPa yield; A572-50 is micro-alloyed with 345 MPa yield — 38 % stronger — at only a few percent more cost, which is why Grade 50 has replaced A36 in most structural work. **Can A572 Grade 50 be galvanised?** Yes — specify silicon ≤ 0.04 % or 0.15–0.25 % at the mill to avoid the reactive range that causes thick, dull zinc coatings. **What thickness is A572 Grade 50 available in?** Up to 100 mm (4 in) by the standard; we roll 6–100 mm to order. Grades 60 and 65 are limited to 32 mm. ## ASTM A36 Steel Plate URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/a36-steel-plate/ A36 is the steel American engineers learned on and still write by reflex — the plate for anything that is not a high-strength member. For an ASTM-specified job we bring it from the mill with A36 on the certificate; for everything else our stock S235JR does the same work at the same price and ships tomorrow. ### What is ASTM A36 steel plate? ASTM A36 specifies carbon steel plates, shapes and bars for riveted, bolted and welded construction with 250 MPa (36 ksi) minimum yield and 400–550 MPa tensile — the tensile band is what makes it a structural, not a pressure, grade. Chemistry is simple: carbon up to 0.25–0.29 % depending on thickness, manganese 0.80–1.20 % above 20 mm, silicon 0.40 % max, and copper 0.20 % min when ordered for weathering resistance. There is no impact requirement and no killing requirement, so mills may supply it semi-killed; the certificate states the practice. Yield for plate above 200 mm drops to 220 MPa. The grade is prequalified under AWS D1.1, bends to 1.5 × t and is the reference for A307 bolts and E60/E70 electrodes. In EN terms it lies between S235JR (235 MPa) and S275JR (275 MPa); most engineers accept S275JR as an over-matching substitute and S235JR where the design used the tensile rather than the yield. ASME SA-36 is the identical plate listed for non-pressure parts of boilers and vessels (supports, skirts, lugs). ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cu | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | ≤ 0.25 (≤ 20 mm) / 0.26 (20–40) / 0.27 (40–100) | 0.80–1.20 (> 20 mm) | ≤ 0.030 | ≤ 0.030 | ≤ 0.40 | ≥ 0.20 when specified | _Mn not specified ≤ 20 mm. CEV ≈ 0.38–0.43._ ### Mechanical properties | Thickness | Yield min (MPa / ksi) | Tensile (MPa / ksi) | Elongation min (200 / 50 mm) | Impact | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | ≤ 200 mm | 250 / 36 | 400–550 / 58–80 | 20 % / 23 % | not required (CVN on order) | | > 200 mm | 220 / 32 | 400–550 / 58–80 | 20 % / 23 % | — | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | EN 10025-2 | S235JR (near) / S275JR (over-match) | S275JR usually accepted | | DIN 17100 | ST37-2 / ST44-2 | historic | | JIS G3101 | SS400 | closest Asian grade | | GB/T 700 | Q235B / Q275 | | | ASME | SA-36 | identical | | ISO 630 | E235B / E275B | | ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 6–12 mm | 2 000 / 2 438 × 6 000–12 192 | to order 2–4 weeks | | 15–40 mm | 2 000 / 2 438 / 2 500 × 6 000–12 000 | to order 2–4 weeks | | 50–100 mm | 2 000–2 500 × 6 000 | to order 3–5 weeks | | any | S235JR / S275JR from stock as substitute | 3–5 days | ### Weight per m² and per plate | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 500 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 000 × 6 000 (kg) | 2 500 × 12 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 6 mm | 47.1 | 424 | 565 | 1 413 | | 8 mm | 62.8 | 565 | 754 | 1 884 | | 10 mm | 78.5 | 707 | 942 | 2 355 | | 12 mm | 94.2 | 848 | 1 130 | 2 826 | | 15 mm | 117.8 | 1 060 | 1 413 | 3 533 | | 20 mm | 157.0 | 1 413 | 1 884 | 4 710 | | 25 mm | 196.3 | 1 766 | 2 355 | 5 888 | | 30 mm | 235.5 | 2 120 | 2 826 | 7 065 | | 40 mm | 314.0 | 2 826 | 3 768 | 9 420 | | 50 mm | 392.5 | 3 533 | 4 710 | 11 775 | | 60 mm | 471.0 | 4 239 | 5 652 | 14 130 | | 80 mm | 628.0 | 5 652 | 7 536 | 18 840 | | 100 mm | 785.0 | 7 065 | 9 420 | 23 550 | _Nominal weights — mill tolerance to EN 10029 class A adds up to +4 % on thin plate; invoiced on theoretical weight unless agreed otherwise._ ### Welding, cutting and forming Prequalified under AWS D1.1 with E7018, ER70S-6 and SAW F7A2; preheat per D1.1 Category A: none up to 19 mm, 10 °C to 38 mm, 65 °C to 65 mm, 110 °C above. Cold bending 1.5 × t; hot forming unrestricted. Plasma to 50 mm, laser to 20 mm, oxy-fuel beyond. Machines well (about 70 % of the B1112 rating). Galvanises reliably; specify silicon control if the surface finish matters. ### Where it is used - Base plates, gussets, stiffeners and connection plates - Equipment skids, frames and supports to US specifications - Non-pressure parts of ASME vessels (skirts, lugs, saddles) as SA-36 - Tanks, hoppers and chutes - Machinery bases and general fabrication - Ship outfitting and non-class structures ### A36 vs A572 Grade 50 vs S235JR A36 (250 MPa) is the plain carbon grade; A572 Gr. 50 (345 MPa) is the HSLA grade that has largely replaced it for primary members because it costs only a few percent more. S235JR is the EN twin of A36 — 235 MPa yield but a guaranteed +20 °C impact value that A36 lacks — and S275JR (275 MPa) over-matches it; see S235JR plate and S275JR plate. Order A36 by name only when the drawing or the inspector demands the ASTM certificate. ### Price A36 is priced at the S235JR base plus a small ASTM-certification premium (about 20 USD/t). The band below is the indicative FOB Istanbul range for mill-order plate; S235JR substitutes ship at the stock price. - A36 · 6–100 mm: USD 675–825 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing ASTM A36 steel plate leaves Dilovası on timber skids in packs of up to 5 t, steel-strapped with corner protectors and the heat number stencilled on every plate. One 40' HC carries 24–25 t of 6 m plate; short plate goes 20 t to a 20'. 12 m and heavy plate go by flat-rack or breakbulk from Derince port. Customs code 7208.51 / 7208.52. - Moq: 10 t of one thickness - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: To order 2–4 weeks; S235JR substitute from stock 3–5 days - Packing: Skids up to 5 t, strapped - Container: 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t of 6 m plate - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing ASTM A36 steel plate ships with EN 10204 3.1 certificates cross-referenced to the stencilled heat numbers. Where the project requires it we arrange 3.2 certification with Lloyd's, BV, TÜV or SGS, ultrasonic examination to EN 10160 and Charpy testing at the temperature you specify. ### How to order Send thickness × width × length (imperial sizes 96 × 240 in etc. available), tonnage, whether S235JR / S275JR may be substituted, and certificate type (MTR per A6 or EN 10204 3.1). ### FAQ **What is A36 steel?** ASTM A36 is the standard American carbon structural steel: 250 MPa (36 ksi) minimum yield, 400–550 MPa tensile, weldable and formable, used for plates, shapes and bars in general construction. **Is A36 the same as S235JR?** Nearly — S235JR has 235 MPa yield and a mandatory +20 °C impact test; A36 has 250 MPa yield and no impact requirement. S275JR is the safe over-matching substitute; substitution needs designer approval. **What is the difference between A36 and A572 Grade 50?** A36 is plain carbon steel at 250 MPa yield; A572-50 is micro-alloyed HSLA at 345 MPa — 38 % stronger for little extra cost, so it is now the default for primary structural members. **Is A36 weldable?** Yes — it is prequalified under AWS D1.1; no preheat is needed up to 19 mm with low-hydrogen consumables. **Do you stock A36 plate in Turkey?** We roll A36 to order (2–4 weeks) and stock S235JR/S275JR, which most engineers accept as equivalents for immediate delivery. ## Corten Steel Sheet (S355J2WP) URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/corten-weathering-steel/ Corten® is a brand; the steel is weathering structural steel S355J2WP / S355J0WP (EN 10025-5), the European equivalent of ASTM A588 and A242. Its copper-chromium-phosphorus chemistry grows a stable rust patina that stops corroding after 2–5 years, so it needs no paint. We stock 1 to 10 mm sheet and plate, cut it by laser and plasma to your DXF, fold it into planters and cladding cassettes, and can pre-weather panels before shipping. ### What is special about corten steel? Weathering steel contains 0.25–0.55% copper, 0.40–0.80% chromium, up to 0.15% phosphorus and some nickel (S355J2WP: Cu 0.25–0.55, Cr 0.40–0.80, P 0.06–0.15). In alternating wet and dry cycles these elements make the rust layer dense and adherent instead of flaky, so after 18–36 months the patina seals the surface and the corrosion rate drops to 1–5 µm per year — a fifth to a tenth of plain S355. No paint, no maintenance, and an even orange-brown surface that architects specify for façades, screens, sculptures, planters, garden edging, bridges, chimneys and shipping-container-style structures. The yield strength is 355 MPa, the same as S355J2, so it is a structural steel, not just a cladding material. ### Grades and equivalents "WP" grades (higher phosphorus) weather faster and more evenly and are the choice for architecture in ≤ 12 mm; "W" grades are for welded structures and thick plate. All are supplied with EN 10204 3.1 showing Cu, Cr, Ni and P. | Grade | Yield (MPa) | Tensile (MPa) | Impact | Thickness | Notes | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | S355J0WP | 355 | 470–630 | 27 J at 0 °C | ≤ 12 mm | High phosphorus; sheet, cladding, art | | S355J2WP | 355 | 470–630 | 27 J at −20 °C | ≤ 12 mm | Stock grade; export standard | | S355J2W | 355 | 470–630 | 27 J at −20 °C | ≤ 100 mm | Low P, weldable structural plate, bridges | | S355K2W | 355 | 470–630 | 40 J at −20 °C | ≤ 100 mm | Heavy structural | | ASTM A588 Gr. A/B | 345 | 485 min | — | ≤ 100 mm | US structural equivalent of S355J2W | | ASTM A242 Type 1 | 345 | 480 min | — | ≤ 19 mm | Equivalent of S355J0WP | | ASTM A606 Type 4 | 345 | 480 min | — | sheet | Cold- and hot-rolled sheet | ### Grade pages The two phosphorus-alloyed sheet grades of EN 10025-5 have their own pages with chemistry, patina timeline, exposure suitability, kg/m² and the month's band: S355J2WP corten sheet (−20 °C impact, the specified grade) and S355J0WP corten sheet (0 °C, the economical twin for cladding and landscaping). ### Sizes, thickness and weight | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 000 × 2 000 (kg) | 1 250 × 2 500 (kg) | 1 500 × 3 000 (kg) | Typical use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1.0 mm | 7.9 | 16 | 25 | 35 | Cladding cassettes, screens, laser art | | 1.5 mm | 11.8 | 24 | 37 | 53 | Façade panels, signage | | 2.0 mm | 15.7 | 31 | 49 | 71 | Planters, edging, cladding | | 3.0 mm | 23.6 | 47 | 74 | 106 | Planters, screens, fire pits, sculptures | | 4.0 mm | 31.4 | 63 | 98 | 141 | Retaining edges, furniture, structures | | 5.0 mm | 39.3 | 79 | 123 | 177 | Structural cladding, stairs | | 6.0 mm | 47.1 | 94 | 147 | 212 | Structures, bridges (J2W) | | 8.0 mm | 62.8 | 126 | 196 | 283 | Structures | | 10 mm | 78.5 | 157 | 245 | 353 | Structures, columns | _Up to 40 mm (S355J2W) on mill order; widths 1 000 / 1 250 / 1 500 / 2 000 mm; coil 1.5–6 mm on request._ ### The weathering process — how long to rust and what it looks like Pre-weathering: we blast the panels and cycle them through wet/dry treatment for 2–4 weeks so they arrive with a uniform orange-brown surface and much less run-off; a clear sealer can be applied for interiors. In permanently wet, marine-splash or de-icing-salt conditions weathering steel keeps corroding — design with drainage and avoid water traps. | Time | Appearance | Notes | | --- | --- | --- | | Delivery | Grey-black mill scale or blasted grey | Blasting (Sa 2½) gives the most even patina | | 1–4 weeks | Orange, streaky | Run-off stains adjacent surfaces — protect concrete and glass | | 3–6 months | Orange-brown, even | Surface still dusty to touch | | 1–2 years | Dark brown, matt | Patina bonding; run-off decreases | | 2–5 years | Stable chocolate / purple-brown | Corrosion rate 1–5 µm/yr; no more staining | ### Is corten steel expensive? Price per ton Weathering steel costs 2–2.5× plain S235/S355 sheet per ton because of the copper-chromium chemistry and small mill lots, but it saves the paint system (30–60 USD/m² over the building's life) and needs no maintenance. Indicative FOB Istanbul band from our weekly export list, S355J2WP 1–10 mm sheet, below; laser cutting, folding and pre-weathering are quoted per piece. - S355J2WP · 1–10 mm: USD 1580–2100 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Cutting, folding and fabrication Laser cutting to 25 mm (clean edges, DXF patterns for perforated screens and signage), plasma to 80 mm, press-brake folding to 6 m (planters, cassettes, edging with return flanges), welding with matching E8018-W / ER80S-G consumables so the weld weathers the same colour. We supply cladding as flat panels or folded cassettes with hidden fixings, and planters and fire pits assembled. - Laser-cut perforated screens and signage to DXF - Folded cladding cassettes 1.5–3 mm, hidden-fix - Planters, edging, retaining panels 3–6 mm, welded corners - Pre-weathering (2–4 weeks) and clear sealer for interiors - Bolted structures with weathering-grade fasteners (A325 Type 3) ### Design details that matter Let water run off — no horizontal ledges or pockets; ventilate the back of cladding; keep the steel 100 mm above soil or use a gravel strip; protect adjacent concrete, stone and glass from run-off for the first two years; use stainless or weathering-grade bolts, never zinc-plated; expect 0.5–1 mm section loss over 50 years in the design. Weathering steel is not for permanently wet or marine-splash zones. ### Corten vs painted steel vs galvanized vs stainless | | Weathering (corten) | Painted S235 | Galvanized | Stainless 316 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Maintenance | None after patina | Repaint every 8–15 yr | None 20–30 yr | None | | Look | Rust patina, evolving | Any RAL | Zinc grey | Bright / brushed | | Marine / wet | Not suitable | Good with system | Good | Best | | Material cost per ton | 2.0–2.5 | 1.0 + paint | 1.3 | 4.5–5.5 | | Run-off staining | Yes, first 2 years | No | No | No | ### Export and packing Sheets in packs of 1–3 t on skids, interleaved paper for laser-cut parts, wrapped; pre-weathered panels crated. HS code 7225.40 (alloy flat-rolled, other) or 7208 depending on chemistry declaration. - Moq: 2 t; 1 × 20' (≈20 t) for best freight; mixed with other products - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf · DAP EU, Balkans, UK, Caucasus - Lead: Stock 5–10 working days; laser/folding +5–7; pre-weathering +3–4 weeks - Packing: Packs 1–3 t on skids, paper interleaving, wrapped; crates for finished panels - Container: 20' ≈ 20 t · 40' HC ≈ 24 t · truck 22–24 t - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 with Cu/Cr/Ni/P, certificate of origin; CE, SASO on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight via London office ### Certificates EN 10204 3.1 with full chemistry including Cu, Cr, Ni, P (the proof it is weathering steel), certificate of origin; CE per EN 10025-5; SASO/SONCAP on request. ### How to order Send thickness, sheet sizes or DXF files, quantity, finish (mill / blasted / pre-weathered) and port. Reply within one working day with price per ton and per piece, nesting, weight and lead time; stock sheets ship in 5–10 working days. ### FAQ **What is special about corten steel?** Its copper-chromium-phosphorus chemistry forms a dense rust patina that protects the steel instead of flaking off, so after 2–5 years corrosion nearly stops and no paint is needed. It keeps the 355 MPa strength of structural steel. **Is corten steel expensive?** About 2–2.5× the price of plain S235/S355 sheet per ton (see the band above), but with no paint system and no maintenance it is usually cheaper over 20 years for façades, screens and landscape work. **Is corten steel just rusted steel?** No. Plain steel rust is porous and keeps eating the metal; weathering steel rust is dense, adherent and self-sealing because of the alloying elements. The 3.1 certificate shows the copper and chromium content that makes the difference. **What are the disadvantages of corten steel?** Rust run-off stains concrete, stone and glass in the first 1–2 years; it keeps corroding in permanently wet, marine-splash or de-icing-salt conditions; it is 2–2.5× the cost of plain steel; welds need matching consumables; and the colour evolves for years. **How long does corten take to rust?** Orange within 1–4 weeks outdoors, even brown in 3–6 months, stable dark patina in 2–5 years depending on climate. Pre-weathering before delivery gives a uniform orange-brown from day one. **Which grade should I order — S355J2WP or S355J2W?** S355J2WP (high phosphorus, ≤ 12 mm) for cladding, screens, planters and sculptures — faster, more even patina. S355J2W for welded load-bearing structures, thick plate and bridges. ASTM A588 = S355J2W, A242 = S355J0WP. **Can you laser-cut and fold corten?** Yes — laser to 25 mm and plasma to 80 mm to your DXF, press-brake folding to 6 m, welded planters and cassettes, pre-weathering and clear sealing, all in Dilovası. **Can corten be used near the sea?** Not within the splash zone or where salt spray keeps it wet — the patina never stabilises. Beyond about 2 km from the coast with good drainage it performs; otherwise choose galvanized or stainless. ## S355J2WP Corten Sheet URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/s355j2wp-corten-sheet/ The orange-brown that architects want is S355J2WP: not paint, not a coating, but the steel itself protecting itself. We keep it in the sheet gauges that façade and landscape fabricators use and cut it to the pattern files they send. ### What is S355J2WP corten sheet? S355J2WP is defined by EN 10025-5 (structural steels with improved atmospheric corrosion resistance): S structural, 355 MPa yield, J2 for 27 J Charpy at −20 °C, W for weathering, P for the phosphorus-alloyed variant. Material number 1.8946. Its chemistry — copper 0.25–0.55 %, chromium 0.30–1.25 %, phosphorus deliberately raised to 0.06–0.15 %, plus nickel — is that of the original US Steel Cor-Ten A of 1933, and ASTM A242 is its closest American relative. When the surface wets and dries in cycles, those elements make the rust layer dense, adherent and amorphous rather than porous and flaky; after 6–18 months of exposure the patina stabilises at the deep orange-brown that then darkens to chocolate, and corrosion slows to a few micrometres a year — 4–8 times slower than plain steel, with no paint ever. The phosphorus that gives the best patina also limits the grade: it is restricted to 12 mm and welds need care, which is why S355J2WP is a *sheet* product for façades, cladding, screens, planters, edging, sculptures, fire bowls and signage, while the lower-phosphorus S355J2W (Corten B) is the plate grade for bridges and structures. It needs wet-dry cycling to work — permanently damp, buried, submerged or chloride-laden marine exposure does not form the patina and the steel simply rusts through — and the run-off stains concrete and stone for the first year. We stock it in 1.5–6 mm as laser-quality sheet and cut façade patterns, letters and panel blanks on our fibre lasers; 1 mm and 8–10 mm to order. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Cu | Ni | N | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | ≤ 0.12 | ≤ 0.75 | ≤ 1.00 | 0.06–0.15 | ≤ 0.035 | 0.30–1.25 | 0.25–0.55 | ≤ 0.65 | ≤ 0.009 | _The high phosphorus is intentional (patina quality) and is what separates the WP grades from S355J2W (P ≤ 0.035). Maximum thickness 12 mm by the standard._ ### Mechanical properties | Property | Requirement | Typical value | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Yield strength ReH | ≥ 355 MPa | 380–430 MPa | ≤ 16 mm | | Tensile strength Rm | 470–630 MPa | 500–560 MPa | | | Elongation A | ≥ 22 % | 24–30 % | L0 = 5.65 √S0 | | Charpy V | ≥ 27 J at −20 °C | > 60 J | J2 | | Bendability | 1 × t (≤ 3 mm), 1.5 × t above | | good | | Corrosion rate (C3 atmosphere, after patina) | — | 2–5 µm/year | plain steel: 20–40 µm/year | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | EN 10025-5 | S355J2WP (1.8946) | the standard | | Trade name | Corten A / COR-TEN A | US Steel / ArcelorMittal (Indaten) | | ASTM | A242 Type 1 | plate, approx. | | ASTM | A606 Type 4 | sheet and strip, approx. | | JIS G3125 | SPA-H | | | GB/T 4171 | Q355GNH | Chinese | | Lower-P plate grade | S355J2W (Corten B) | for structures | ### How the patina develops | Time | Appearance | What is happening | Run-off staining | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Delivery | blue-grey mill scale or grey blast | no patina; keep dry and oil-free | — | | 1–4 weeks | bright orange, patchy | first porous rust forms | heavy — protect paving | | 2–6 months | even orange-brown | Cu/Cr/P start densifying the inner layer | moderate | | 6–18 months | deep brown, matt | stable adherent patina | light | | 2–5 years | chocolate to purple-brown | corrosion rate drops to a few µm/year | negligible | | Sheltered / never wet | stays orange, dusty | no stable patina without wet-dry cycles | ongoing | _Pre-weathering (accelerated with salt-free wet-dry cycling or a chloride-free activator) gives an even patina before installation; we can supply pre-weathered panels to order. Blasting the mill scale off (Sa 2) gives the most uniform result._ ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 1.0 mm | 1 250 × 2 500; coil | to order 2–3 weeks | | 1.5–3.0 mm | 1 250 / 1 500 × 2 500 / 3 000; 1 500 × 6 000 | stock, laser quality | | 4–6 mm | 1 500 × 3 000 / 6 000 | stock | | 8–10 mm | 1 500 / 2 000 × 6 000 | to order 2–3 weeks | | Cut panels | laser per DXF, folded edges and fixing holes | from 200 m² | ### Weight per m² and per sheet | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 000 × 2 000 (kg) | 1 250 × 2 500 (kg) | 1 500 × 3 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 mm | 7.85 | 15.7 | 24.5 | 35.3 | | 1.5 mm | 11.78 | 23.6 | 36.8 | 53.0 | | 2 mm | 15.70 | 31.4 | 49.1 | 70.7 | | 2.5 mm | 19.63 | 39.3 | 61.3 | 88.3 | | 3 mm | 23.55 | 47.1 | 73.6 | 106.0 | | 4 mm | 31.40 | 62.8 | 98.1 | 141.3 | | 5 mm | 39.25 | 78.5 | 122.7 | 176.6 | | 6 mm | 47.10 | 94.2 | 147.2 | 212.0 | | 8 mm | 62.80 | 125.6 | 196.3 | 282.6 | | 10 mm | 78.50 | 157.0 | 245.3 | 353.3 | _Nominal weights including coating where stated; a coil weighs kg/m² × width × strip length. Thickness tolerances to EN 10143 (coated) / EN 10131 (cold-rolled) / EN 10051 (hot-rolled)._ ### Cutting, folding, welding and detailing Laser and plasma cut cleanly (nitrogen-assist laser leaves an edge that weathers evenly); fold at 1–1.5 × t; form planters, cassettes and returns on the press brake. Weld with matching weathering consumables (ER80S-G / E8018-W2 type, or 2.5 % Ni wire) on visible joints so the seam patinates with the sheet — plain consumables leave a differently coloured, faster-rusting line; keep heat input moderate, no preheat under 10 mm. Design for drainage: no water traps, open bottoms on planters, a 10–20 mm gap to the ground, drip edges over paving, and stainless (A4) or weathering-steel fixings — galvanized fixings corrode sacrificially and streak. Separate from concrete and natural stone during the first year or accept the staining. ### Where it is used - Façade cladding, rain-screen cassettes and perforated screens - Garden edging, retaining walls, planters and water features - Sculptures, monuments, signage and lettering - Fire bowls, barbecues and outdoor furniture - Fencing, gates, gabion faces and privacy screens - Interior feature walls and counters (sealed) ### S355J2WP vs S355J2W vs S355J0WP S355J0WP is the same steel with impact tested at 0 °C — interchangeable for architectural sheet and sometimes cheaper. S355J2W (Corten B) has normal phosphorus, is made in plate to 100 mm and is the grade for bridges, structures and containers; its patina is slightly less rich but its welds are easier. For a rust look without rust, painted or PPGI 'corten-effect' sheet exists, but it does not age. ### Price S355J2WP sheet is priced per ton from the weathering-steel list — well above plain S355 because of the alloy and the small mill runs; the bands below are the month\'s indicative FOB Istanbul ranges for stock sheet and for heavier sheet to order. Laser cutting and folding are quoted per panel. - S355J2WP · 1.5–6 mm: USD 1580–2100 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - S355J2WP · 8–10 mm: USD 1640–2160 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Packing of S355J2WP corten sheet: coils on cradles (eye-to-sky, VCI wrap, four straps, 5–25 t) or sheet packs on skids up to 3 t with interleaving paper and corner protectors; 20' ≈ one coil (≤ 20 t), 40' HC ≈ two coils or 24 t of sheet. Tariff 7210 / 7209 / 7208. - Moq: 1 t (cut panels from 200 m²) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock 1.5–6 mm: 3–5 working days; 8–10 mm and coil 2–3 weeks - Packing: Sheets on skids ≤ 2 t, dry, no oil (patina must start clean); cut panels interleaved and crated - Container: 20' ≈ 18–20 t; 40' HC ≈ 24 t of sheet - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing S355J2WP corten sheet is delivered with the mill certificate EN 10204 3.1 — heat number, ladle analysis, tensile and impact results and the delivery condition. Third-party 3.2 certification (Lloyd's, BV, TÜV, SGS), ultrasonic testing to EN 10160 and extra Charpy tests at a lower temperature are ordered per lot. ### How to order Specify S355J2WP (or J0WP), thickness × width × length or the DXF for cut panels, quantity in sheets, tons or m², surface (mill scale / blasted / pre-weathered), folding details and delivery; state exposure (inland, coastal, sheltered) — we advise whether weathering steel will patinate there. ### FAQ **What is S355J2WP?** The European weathering steel grade (EN 10025-5, material 1.8946) alloyed with copper, chromium and extra phosphorus — the equivalent of Corten A — in sheet up to 12 mm, forming a protective rust patina instead of scaling. **Is S355J2WP the same as Corten A?** It is the EN equivalent: same phosphorus-alloyed chemistry and patina behaviour. Corten is a trade name; ASTM A242 / A606 are the US specifications. **How long does corten take to rust?** Bright orange in weeks, an even brown patina in 6–18 months, dark and stable in 2–5 years — provided the surface wets and dries in cycles. **Does corten steel rust through?** Not in normal outdoor exposure — after the patina forms, loss is 2–5 µm a year. It does rust through where it stays wet, is buried, or sits in salt spray. **What thickness of corten for a façade or planter?** Façade cassettes 1.5–3 mm, screens and edging 3–4 mm, planters 3–6 mm, retaining walls and sculptures 6–10 mm; allow ≈ 0.5 mm total loss over the design life. **Can S355J2WP be welded?** Yes — with weathering-grade consumables on visible seams so the weld patinates with the sheet; the high phosphorus calls for moderate heat input and it is limited to 12 mm. **What is the price of corten sheet?** Per ton FOB Istanbul — see the band above; cut and folded panels are quoted per piece or per m². ## S355J0WP Corten Sheet URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/s355j0wp-corten-sheet/ For anything that hangs on a wall or stands in a garden, the −20 °C impact guarantee of J2WP buys nothing — the same sheet certified as S355J0WP does the same job. Fabricators who order corten by the ton know this, and we quote whichever certificate is in stock. ### What is S355J0WP corten sheet? EN 10025-5 lists two phosphorus-alloyed weathering grades that differ in one line of the table: S355J0WP (1.8945) is impact-tested at 0 °C and S355J2WP (1.8946) at −20 °C. Chemistry, strength, thickness limit (12 mm), weathering behaviour and price basis are the same — the mill either tests the heat at the lower temperature or does not — and in practice the two are cut from the same coils, so a fabricator ordering corten sheet for cladding, screens, planters or sculpture can accept either. J0WP is worth asking for when availability or price favours it; J2WP is the one to specify where a structural engineer applies EN 1993-1-10 toughness rules to a load-bearing element in a cold climate, which architectural sheet almost never is. Everything else on this page — the copper-chromium-phosphorus chemistry, the wet-dry patina, the run-off staining, the need for weathering-grade welding wire and stainless fixings, the drainage details — applies equally to both grades. Where the two WP grades are unsuitable is also the same: permanently wet, buried, marine-splash or de-icing-salt environments, where the patina never stabilises, and thicknesses above 12 mm, where the structural S355J2W / K2W (Corten B) grades take over. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Cu | Ni | N | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | ≤ 0.12 | ≤ 0.75 | ≤ 1.00 | 0.06–0.15 | ≤ 0.040 | 0.30–1.25 | 0.25–0.55 | ≤ 0.65 | ≤ 0.009 | _Identical to S355J2WP except S ≤ 0.040 (J2WP: 0.035). Heats are commonly dual-certified J0WP/J2WP._ ### Mechanical properties | Property | Requirement | Typical value | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Yield strength ReH | ≥ 355 MPa | 380–430 MPa | | | Tensile strength Rm | 470–630 MPa | 500–560 MPa | | | Elongation A | ≥ 22 % | 24–30 % | | | Charpy V | ≥ 27 J at 0 °C | > 60 J | J0 — only difference to J2WP | | Bendability | 1–1.5 × t | | | | Patina corrosion rate | — | 2–5 µm/year | after stabilisation | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | EN 10025-5 | S355J0WP (1.8945) | the standard | | EN 10025-5 | S355J2WP (1.8946) | same steel, −20 °C | | Trade name | Corten A | | | ASTM | A606 Type 4 / A242 | approx. | | JIS | SPA-H | | | GB/T 4171 | Q355GNH | | ### Where weathering steel works — and where it does not | Exposure | Patina forms? | Expected loss | Advice | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Inland urban / rural, freely exposed (C2–C3) | yes, 6–18 months | 2–5 µm/yr | ideal | | Industrial atmosphere (C4) | yes, faster | 5–10 µm/yr | good; add 0.5–1 mm allowance | | Coastal > 2 km from sea | yes, slower | 5–15 µm/yr | acceptable; rinse-exposed faces | | Marine splash / < 500 m from sea | no stable patina | > 30 µm/yr | use 316 stainless or paint | | Sheltered, never wetted (soffits, interiors) | stays orange and dusty | low | seal with clear coat if look matters | | Permanently damp, buried, in water | no | like plain steel | do not use; or coat | | De-icing salt spray (roadside) | poor | high | avoid or paint | _Bottom edges in contact with wet soil rust fastest — set planters and edging on gravel or a 10–20 mm gap._ ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 1.0 mm | 1 250 × 2 500 | to order | | 1.5–3.0 mm | 1 250 / 1 500 × 2 500 / 3 000 / 6 000 | stock | | 4–6 mm | 1 500 × 3 000 / 6 000 | stock | | 8–10 mm | 1 500 / 2 000 × 6 000 | to order | | Cut parts | laser per DXF, folding, hole patterns | from 200 m² | ### Weight per m² and per sheet | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 000 × 2 000 (kg) | 1 250 × 2 500 (kg) | 1 500 × 3 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 mm | 7.85 | 15.7 | 24.5 | 35.3 | | 1.5 mm | 11.78 | 23.6 | 36.8 | 53.0 | | 2 mm | 15.70 | 31.4 | 49.1 | 70.7 | | 2.5 mm | 19.63 | 39.3 | 61.3 | 88.3 | | 3 mm | 23.55 | 47.1 | 73.6 | 106.0 | | 4 mm | 31.40 | 62.8 | 98.1 | 141.3 | | 5 mm | 39.25 | 78.5 | 122.7 | 176.6 | | 6 mm | 47.10 | 94.2 | 147.2 | 212.0 | | 8 mm | 62.80 | 125.6 | 196.3 | 282.6 | | 10 mm | 78.50 | 157.0 | 245.3 | 353.3 | _Nominal weights including coating where stated; a coil weighs kg/m² × width × strip length. Thickness tolerances to EN 10143 (coated) / EN 10131 (cold-rolled) / EN 10051 (hot-rolled)._ ### Fabrication, fixing and finishing Cut, fold and weld exactly as S355J2WP: laser or plasma, 1–1.5 × t bends, weathering-grade wire on visible seams, stainless A4 or weathering fixings, drainage everywhere. For an even patina before installation we supply blasted (Sa 2) or pre-weathered sheet; for interiors a matt clear sealer stops the dusting once the colour is right. Keep the sheets dry and oil-free in storage — an oily fingerprint shows for a year. ### Where it is used - Façade and fence panels, perforated and plain - Garden edging, planters, raised beds and retaining walls - Sculptures, lettering and signage - Fire pits, barbecues and outdoor furniture - Interior feature walls and shopfitting (sealed) - Gabion facings and screens ### S355J0WP vs S355J2WP One line of the certificate: impact at 0 °C (J0WP) or −20 °C (J2WP). For architecture and landscape either is right; specify J2WP only where a structural check under EN 1993-1-10 requires it. For plate above 12 mm or for structural use, go to S355J2W corten plate. ### Price Priced from the same weathering-steel list as J2WP, usually a little lower; the bands below are indicative FOB Istanbul per ton for stock sheet and heavy sheet to order. Cutting and folding per panel. - S355J0WP · 1.5–6 mm: USD 1560–2080 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - S355J0WP · 8–10 mm: USD 1620–2140 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing S355J0WP corten sheet ships as coil — eye-to-sky on a wooden cradle, 5–25 t per coil, VCI paper and steel strapping — or as cut sheet on skids of 2–3 t with paper interleaving and edge protectors. A 20' takes one coil up to 20 t; a 40' HC two coils or 24 t of sheet. HS 7210 / 7209 / 7208 by product. - Moq: 1 t (cut parts from 200 m²) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock 1.5–6 mm (shared with J2WP): 3–5 working days; other gauges 2–3 weeks - Packing: Dry, oil-free sheets on skids ≤ 2 t; cut parts crated - Container: 20' ≈ 18–20 t; 40' HC ≈ 24 t - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing Every lot of S355J0WP corten sheet carries an EN 10204 3.1 inspection certificate listing heat, chemistry, mechanical and impact results. On request we add 3.2 witnessing by a classification society or inspector, EN 10160 ultrasonic testing and supplementary impact tests at the customer's design temperature. ### How to order Specify S355J0WP (dual J0WP/J2WP accepted if stated), thickness × width × length or DXF, quantity, surface (mill / blasted / pre-weathered), folding and the exposure of the installation. ### FAQ **What is the difference between S355J0WP and S355J2WP?** Only the impact-test temperature — 0 °C for J0WP, −20 °C for J2WP. Chemistry, strength and weathering are identical; the heats are often dual-certified. **Is S355J0WP Corten A?** Yes — it is the EN 10025-5 phosphorus-alloyed weathering steel that corresponds to Corten A, like S355J2WP. **Can I use S355J0WP for a façade?** Yes; the 0 °C impact rating is irrelevant for cladding, screens and landscape elements. Only load-bearing structural members in cold climates need J2WP. **Does corten work near the sea?** Beyond about 2 km yes, with faster loss; in the splash zone or within a few hundred metres the patina never stabilises — use 316 stainless or paint. **Do you supply pre-weathered corten?** Yes — blasted or pre-rusted sheet and panels to order, so the colour is even from the day of installation. ## Chequered Plate URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/checkered-plate/ Tear-drop chequered plate for floors, stairs, platforms, ramps and truck bodies: 2 to 10 mm base thickness (2/3 to 10/11 with the pattern), 1 000, 1 250 and 1 500 mm wide, sheets 2–6 m, S235JR hot-rolled, black or galvanized. Cut, laser-profiled and folded into treads and kick plates on our own lines; shipped in packs for container with EN 10204 3.1. ### What is chequered plate used for? Chequered plate is hot-rolled steel sheet with a raised tear-drop (or five-bar) pattern rolled into one face for grip. The pattern adds 0.8–1.2 mm to the base thickness — a "4/5 mm" plate is 4 mm of steel with 1 mm of pattern. It is the standard anti-slip surface for industrial floors, mezzanines, stair treads and landings, walkways, loading ramps, truck and trailer beds, drain covers, machinery guards and vehicle kick plates. Aluminium chequered plate is the light-weight alternative for vehicles and marine use; steel is 3× stiffer for the same thickness and a third of the price. ### Chequered plate sizes and weight chart | Designation | Base thickness | kg/m² | 1 250 × 2 500 (kg) | 1 500 × 3 000 (kg) | 1 500 × 6 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2/3 mm | 2.0 | 17.4 | 54 | 78 | 157 | | 3/4 mm | 3.0 | 25.3 | 79 | 114 | 228 | | 4/5 mm | 4.0 | 33.1 | 103 | 149 | 298 | | 5/6 mm | 5.0 | 41.0 | 128 | 184 | 369 | | 6/7 mm | 6.0 | 48.8 | 153 | 220 | 439 | | 8/9 mm | 8.0 | 64.5 | 202 | 290 | 581 | | 10/11 mm | 10.0 | 80.2 | 251 | 361 | 722 | _Mass per EN 10051 plus tear-drop pattern (~1.7 kg/m²). Widths 1 000 / 1 250 / 1 500 mm; lengths 2 000–6 000 mm cut to order._ ### Load capacity per span For a walkway with 5 kN/m² live load, a 5 mm plate spans 1.0 m between supports; a forklift aisle needs 8–10 mm on 0.75–1.0 m supports or a supporting grid. Stair treads in 4–5 mm with a folded nosing are the norm. | Base thickness | Span 0.5 m | Span 0.75 m | Span 1.0 m | Span 1.25 m | Span 1.5 m | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 3 mm | 8.5 | 3.8 | 2.1 | 1.4 | 0.9 | | 4 mm | 15 | 6.7 | 3.8 | 2.4 | 1.7 | | 5 mm | 24 | 10.5 | 5.9 | 3.8 | 2.6 | | 6 mm | 34 | 15 | 8.5 | 5.4 | 3.8 | | 8 mm | 60 | 27 | 15 | 9.6 | 6.7 | | 10 mm | 94 | 42 | 24 | 15 | 10 | _Guide values from plate bending (deflection-governed); confirm with the project engineer for point loads and dynamic loads. Full method on our load-capacity guide._ ### Tear-drop vs five-bar pattern, black vs galvanized | Option | Description | Where | | --- | --- | --- | | Tear-drop (lentil) | Oval raised lentils in offset rows — European standard, best drainage | Floors, ramps, treads (stock) | | Five-bar (diamond) | Groups of five short bars at 90° — ASTM A786 pattern | Vehicle floors, US/Gulf specs (on request) | | Black (mill) | Hot-rolled scale, to be painted | Indoor floors, painted stairs | | Hot-dip galvanized | EN ISO 1461, 70–85 µm | Outdoor walkways, marine, Gulf platforms | | Painted / anti-slip epoxy | Primer + top coat or grit epoxy | Visible or wet areas | ### Cutting, folding and fabrication Sheets are cut to size, laser-cut to DXF (treads with nosings, cut-outs for pipes and columns, drain covers), folded on the press brake into stair treads, kick plates and ramp edges, and drilled for fixings — all on our lines in Dilovası. Tread kits (tread + riser + nosing) ship flat-packed. ### Chequered plate vs aluminium chequered plate vs grating | | Steel chequered plate | Aluminium chequered plate | Steel grating | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Weight (5 mm) | 41 kg/m² | 14 kg/m² | 25–35 kg/m² | | Stiffness | High | 1/3 of steel | Very high for weight | | Drainage | Poor (solid) | Poor | Excellent | | Corrosion | Paint or galvanize | Inherent | Galvanized | | Price per m² (5 mm) | 1.00 | 2.5–3.5 | 1.5–2.5 | | Use | Floors, ramps, trucks, treads | Vehicles, marine, decorative | Platforms, drains, catwalks | ### Chequered plate price per ton Indicative FOB Istanbul band from our weekly export list, tear-drop S235JR black, 3–10 mm, cut sheets, full-container quantities. Galvanized adds the zinc cost (about 25–35%); laser-cut treads and folding are priced per piece. - Tear-drop · 2–10 mm: USD 820–910 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Sheets in packs of 2–4 t on timber skids, pattern face up, strapped and wrapped; galvanized packs with spacers. A 20' container takes about 20 t (e.g. 195 sheets of 4/5 × 1 250 × 2 500). HS code 7208.40 (hot-rolled, with patterns in relief). - Moq: 1 × 20' (≈20 t) or 1 truck; thicknesses mixed - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus - Lead: Stock 5–10 working days; galvanizing +5–7 days - Packing: Packs 2–4 t on skids, strapped, wrapped; spacers for HDG - Container: 20' ≈ 20 t · 40' HC ≈ 24 t · truck 22–24 t - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1, certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / COC / EAC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight via London office ### Certificates EN 10204 3.1 per heat, certificate of origin; SASO, SONCAP, COC (Iraq), EAC on request; zinc thickness report for galvanized plate. ### How to order Send thickness, sheet size (or cutting list), finish, tonnage and port. Reply within one working day with price, pack list, gross weight and container count; stock sizes load in 5–10 working days. ### FAQ **What are chequered plates used for?** Anti-slip flooring: industrial floors and mezzanines, stair treads and landings, walkways and platforms, ramps, truck and trailer beds, drain and trench covers, kick plates and machinery guards. **What is the size of a 4 mm chequered plate?** Standard sheets are 1 250 × 2 500 mm (103 kg) and 1 500 × 3 000 mm (149 kg); widths 1 000–1 500 mm and lengths up to 6 000 mm are cut to order. The 4 mm base plus 1 mm pattern is written "4/5 mm". **What is the weight of a chequered plate?** Base thickness × 7.85 kg/m² plus about 1.7 kg/m² for the pattern: 3/4 mm ≈ 25.3 kg/m², 4/5 mm ≈ 33.1, 5/6 mm ≈ 41.0, 6/7 mm ≈ 48.8, 8/9 mm ≈ 64.5, 10/11 mm ≈ 80.2 kg/m². **What thickness of chequered plate do I need for a floor?** 5 mm for walkways and light industrial floors on supports at 1 m; 6–8 mm for pallet-truck areas at 0.75–1.0 m; 8–10 mm for forklift traffic on 0.75 m supports. See the load table above and confirm with the engineer. **Is the chequered plate available galvanized?** Yes — hot-dip galvanized to EN ISO 1461 (70–85 µm) for outdoor walkways, marine and Gulf platforms; pattern remains sharp. Painted and grit-epoxy anti-slip finishes on request. **What is the price of chequered plate in the UAE?** Landed Jebel Ali in container quantity, a Turkish 4/5 mm tear-drop plate typically comes in 10–20% under Dubai stockist prices; freight adds about 40–60 USD/t and duty 5%. Ask for the CIF price on the RFQ form. **Can you cut stair treads and drain covers?** Yes — laser cutting to DXF, folded nosings and risers, drilled fixings, and flat-packed tread kits; priced per piece on the offer. **Steel or aluminium chequered plate?** Steel for floors, ramps, trucks and anything load-bearing (3× stiffer, a third of the price); aluminium where weight or corrosion matter more than cost — vehicle boxes, boats, decorative cladding. ## Perforated Sheet & Expanded Metal URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/hot-rolled/perforated-expanded-metal/ We punch perforated sheet to order in Dilovası — round, square, slotted and hexagonal holes from 1 to 50 mm on straight or staggered pitch, open area 10–65%, in mild steel (DC01, S235JR), galvanized DX51D, stainless 304/316 and aluminium, 0.5 to 6 mm, sheets to 1 500 × 3 000 mm with plain margins to your drawing. Expanded metal (raised and flattened) from 0.5 to 5 mm strand completes the range. Laser-cut outlines, folding and powder coating on the same order. ### What is perforated sheet? Perforated sheet is flat metal punched with a regular pattern of holes on a wide press or a rotary punch. The designation follows ISO 7806 / DIN 24041: R = round, Q = square, LR = slotted (long round), H = hexagonal, followed by hole size, pitch and arrangement — R5 T8 U60 means 5 mm round holes on 8 mm staggered pitch at 60°, giving 35% open area. Because we punch to order rather than sell from a fixed catalogue, hole size, pitch, sheet size, margins and material follow the drawing. Uses: façade and balcony screens, sun-shading, acoustic ceilings, machine guards, ventilation grilles, filters and sieves, vibrating screens, silo and dryer floors, shelving, speaker grilles and decorative panels. ### Patterns, hole sizes and open area | Designation | Hole | Pitch | Open area | Min. thickness | Typical use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | R1 T2 | Ø1 | 2 mm | 23% | 0.5 | Fine filters, speaker grilles | | R2 T3.5 | Ø2 | 3.5 mm | 30% | 0.5–1.0 | Sieves, acoustic panels | | R3 T5 | Ø3 | 5 mm | 33% | 0.7–1.5 | Ceilings, ventilation | | R5 T8 | Ø5 | 8 mm | 35% | 1.0–2.0 | Guards, screens, most ordered | | R8 T12 | Ø8 | 12 mm | 40% | 1.5–3.0 | Façades, dryer floors | | R10 T15 | Ø10 | 15 mm | 40% | 2.0–4.0 | Silo floors, screens | | R20 T28 | Ø20 | 28 mm | 46% | 3.0–6.0 | Vibrating screens, quarry | | Q10 U15 (straight) | □10 | 15 mm | 44% | 1.5–3.0 | Architectural, shelving | | LR 3×20 T6×25 | 3 × 20 slot | 6 × 25 | 40% | 1.0–2.0 | Sieves, grading | | H6 T7 | hex 6 | 7 mm | 64% | 1.0–2.0 | Max open area, ventilation | _Open area = 90.7 × (d/t)² for round staggered; hole diameter ≥ sheet thickness (≥ 1.5× for stainless) for clean punching._ ### Materials and thicknesses | Material | Grade | Thickness | Finish | Where | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Cold-rolled steel | DC01 | 0.5–3.0 mm | Bare (to paint) or powder coated | Indoor, painted panels, guards | | Hot-rolled / HRPO | S235JR | 2.0–6.0 mm | Bare, primed, galvanized after | Screens, floors, heavy sieves | | Galvanized | DX51D+Z140–Z275 | 0.5–3.0 mm | Pre-galvanized | Outdoor, ventilation, agriculture | | Stainless | 304 / 316L 2B | 0.5–4.0 mm | 2B, brushed | Food, marine, chemical, architecture | | Aluminium | 1050 / 5754 | 0.8–5.0 mm | Mill, anodised, powder | Façades, light screens | ### Sheet sizes, margins and tolerances Standard sheets 1 000 × 2 000, 1 250 × 2 500 and 1 500 × 3 000 mm; coils to 1 500 mm wide for continuous perforation. Margins (unperforated borders) 10–50 mm on any side to your drawing, blank areas for fixings and cut-outs, and the perforated field can be laser-cut afterwards to any outline. Flatness after punching is restored by levelling; hole tolerance ±0.1 mm, pitch ±0.2 mm, sheet ±1 mm. ### Expanded metal mesh Expanded metal is slit and stretched from one sheet without waste, so it is cheaper per m² than perforated sheet at the same open area and stiffer because of the raised strands; it cannot give round holes or a flat decorative face unless flattened. | Mesh | Opening SWD × LWD (mm) | Strand (mm) | Thickness | kg/m² (steel) | Open area | Use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 10 × 20 | 10 × 20 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 4.7 | 50% | Guards, fencing, plaster lath | | 16 × 30 | 16 × 30 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 5.9 | 58% | Screens, walkways (flattened) | | 22 × 50 | 22 × 50 | 3.0 | 2.0 | 7.3 | 62% | Fencing, security | | 30 × 60 | 30 × 60 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 10.5 | 65% | Walkways, platforms | | 43 × 100 | 43 × 100 | 4.5 | 4.0 | 13.8 | 68% | Heavy walkways, catwalks | | 62 × 150 | 62 × 150 | 6.0 | 5.0 | 17.0 | 70% | Industrial flooring | _Raised (standard) or flattened; steel, galvanized, stainless, aluminium; sheets 1 000–1 500 × 2 000–3 000 mm._ ### Perforated sheet vs expanded metal vs woven mesh | | Perforated sheet | Expanded metal | Woven wire mesh | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Hole shape | Any (round, square, slot, hex, custom) | Diamond | Square | | Open area | 10–65% | 40–80% | 30–80% | | Flat face | Yes | Only if flattened | No | | Stiffness | Medium | High (raised) | Low | | Price per m² | 1.0 | 0.6–0.8 | 0.7–1.5 | | Best for | Architecture, filters, guards, sieves | Walkways, fences, lath | Sieving, insect screens | ### Finishing: cutting, folding, coating Perforated panels are laser-cut to outline, folded into cassettes and returns (press brake to 6 m), welded into frames, powder coated in any RAL, hot-dip galvanized after punching (S235JR sheet) or anodised (aluminium). Façade cassettes ship ready to hang. ### Price of perforated sheet Perforated sheet is priced per sheet: substrate cost plus punching (by hole count and thickness) plus margins and cutting. As a guide, an R5 T8 1.5 mm galvanized 1 250 × 2 500 sheet costs 1.8–2.4× the plain sheet; stainless R3 T5 1 mm about 1.6–2×. Quantities from 50 sheets bring the punching cost down sharply. Send the pattern and quantity for a firm price within one working day. - Perforated 0.5–6 mm, to order: on request / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - Expanded metal: on request / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Sheets in packs of 0.5–2 t on skids with paper interleaving (stainless, aluminium) or film, corner protectors; cassettes crated. HS code 7314.20 / 7314.31 (expanded), 7326.90 / 7219 (perforated by material). - Moq: 50 sheets or 1 t to order; stock patterns from 10 sheets - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus - Lead: 7–15 working days from drawing approval; powder coating +5 - Packing: Packs 0.5–2 t on skids, interleaved, wrapped, corner protectors; cassettes crated - Container: 20' ≈ 15–20 t · 40' HC ≈ 20–24 t (volume-limited for thin sheet) - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (substrate), pattern drawing, certificate of origin - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy ### Certificates EN 10204 3.1 for the substrate, dimensional report per pattern, certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP on request. ### How to order Send hole shape and size, pitch, arrangement, open area or a drawing, sheet size, margins, material, thickness and quantity. We confirm the pattern drawing, then quote per sheet with weight and lead time (7–15 working days). ### FAQ **What is perforated sheet metal?** Flat metal sheet punched with a regular pattern of round, square, slotted or hexagonal holes; specified by hole size, pitch and arrangement (e.g. R5 T8) and by open area. Used for screens, guards, filters, ceilings, façades and sieves. **What is another name for perforated sheet metal?** Perforated plate, punched sheet, perforated panel, or by pattern — round-hole sheet, slotted sheet. Expanded metal is a different product made by slitting and stretching. **Do you make perforated sheet to order?** Yes — every sheet is punched in our Dilovası plant to your hole size, pitch, margins and sheet size, in steel, galvanized, stainless or aluminium; standard patterns such as R5 T8 are also held in stock. **What is the minimum hole size?** 1 mm in 0.5 mm sheet; as a rule the hole must be at least the sheet thickness (1.5× for stainless). Fine patterns below 1 mm are done by laser at a higher price. **How is open area calculated?** For round holes on a staggered 60° pitch: open area = 90.7 × (hole ÷ pitch)². R5 T8 gives 35%, R8 T12 40%, R3 T5 33%. Straight (square) pitch: 78.5 × (d/t)². **Can you supply perforated sheet in stainless steel?** Yes — 304 and 316L, 0.5–4 mm, 2B or brushed, punched with lubricant-free tooling and delivered with paper interleaving; used for food, marine and architectural work. **How much does perforated sheet cost?** Priced per sheet: plain sheet cost plus punching by hole count. Typically 1.6–2.4× the plain sheet for common patterns; large orders and coarse patterns are cheaper. Send the pattern for a firm quote. **Can perforated panels be cut, folded and powder coated?** Yes — laser-cut outlines, folded cassettes and returns, welded frames, powder coating in any RAL or hot-dip galvanizing after punching, ready to install. ## DC01 Cold Rolled Steel URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/coated/dc01-cold-rolled-steel/ DKP is what a Turkish workshop calls any cold-rolled sheet, and DC01 is what the certificate says: the clean, flat, oiled sheet that becomes cabinets, panels, furniture, ducting, drums and a thousand pressed brackets. It is our largest cold-rolled stock item, cut to length and slit on our own lines. ### What is DC01 cold-rolled steel? DC01 is EN 10130's first cold-rolled grade: D for flat products for cold forming, C for cold-rolled, 01 for the base quality. It is made by pickling hot-rolled coil (hence the Turkish DKP, from the French décapé), cold-reducing it to gauge, annealing and skin-passing — which gives the flat, smooth, scale-free surface and the tight thickness tolerance that hot-rolled sheet cannot offer. The standard limits yield to 280 MPa (typically 180–240), sets tensile at 270–410 MPa and elongation at 28 % minimum (A80), and allows 0.12 % carbon and 0.60 % manganese; Erdemir heats run around C 0.05, Mn 0.25. That makes DC01 a bending and light-forming grade: it folds, roll-forms, punches, spot-welds and takes paint or powder perfectly, but it is not guaranteed for drawing — DC03 and DC04 exist for that. Because it is skin-passed it may show stretcher strains (Lüders lines) if stored for months and then stretched; order it "non-ageing" only in DC03 and above. Surface A (normal) is the stock standard, B (best) for visible painted parts; finish m (matt) is standard, b (bright) for plating. Supplied oiled. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Mn | P | S | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | 0.12 | 0.60 | 0.045 | 0.045 | _Typical heat: C 0.04–0.06, Mn 0.20–0.30, Si ≤ 0.03, Al-killed._ ### Mechanical properties and formability | Property | Requirement | Typical value | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Yield strength Rp0.2 | ≤ 280 MPa | 180–240 MPa | ≤ 8 days after production: no upper limit | | Tensile strength Rm | 270–410 MPa | 300–350 MPa | | | Elongation A80 | ≥ 28 % | 32–38 % | ≥ 0.70 mm; thinner minus 2 % | | Bend test | 0 × t (180°) | passes | | | r90 / n90 | not specified | ≈ 1.0 / 0.17 | bending grade | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | DIN 1623 (old) | St 12 | historic German | | EN 10130 (1991) | Fe P01 | previous edition | | JIS G3141 | SPCC | | | ASTM A1008 | CS Type B | | | GB/T 5213 | DC01 | | ### Surface finish, roughness and oiling | Code | Meaning | Ra (µm) | Typical use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | A | normal surface — minor defects (pores, scratches, slight marks) allowed | — | general fabrication, hidden parts | | B | best surface — the better side free of defects that impair a uniform paint finish | — | visible painted or plated parts | | b (bright) | smooth roll finish | ≤ 0.4 | chrome plating, decorative | | g (semi-bright) | standard finish | 0.4–0.9 (typ. 0.6–1.9) | painting, powder coating | | m (matt) | shot-blasted rolls | 0.6–1.9 | deep drawing, paint adhesion | | r (rough) | heavy texture | > 1.6 | special | | oiling | light rust-preventive oil both sides (standard); dry or heavy oil on request | — | | _Order example: plain cold-rolled is ordered as "DC01 A m, oiled". Turkish name DKP (dekape = pickled) refers to the pickled substrate of all cold-rolled sheet._ ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 0.40–0.70 mm | coil 1 000 / 1 250 mm; sheet 2 000 / 2 500 | stock | | 0.80–1.50 mm | coil 1 000 / 1 250 / 1 500 mm; sheet to 3 000 | stock | | 2.0–3.0 mm | coil 1 250 / 1 500 mm; sheet 2 500 / 3 000 / 6 000 | stock | | slit strip | any width 20–1 500 mm | slitting in Dilovası 3–5 days | ### Weight per m² and per sheet | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 000 × 2 000 (kg) | 1 250 × 2 500 (kg) | 1 500 × 3 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 0.4 mm | 3.14 | 6.3 | 9.8 | 14.1 | | 0.5 mm | 3.93 | 7.9 | 12.3 | 17.7 | | 0.6 mm | 4.71 | 9.4 | 14.7 | 21.2 | | 0.7 mm | 5.50 | 11.0 | 17.2 | 24.7 | | 0.8 mm | 6.28 | 12.6 | 19.6 | 28.3 | | 0.9 mm | 7.07 | 14.1 | 22.1 | 31.8 | | 1 mm | 7.85 | 15.7 | 24.5 | 35.3 | | 1.2 mm | 9.42 | 18.8 | 29.4 | 42.4 | | 1.5 mm | 11.78 | 23.6 | 36.8 | 53.0 | | 2 mm | 15.70 | 31.4 | 49.1 | 70.7 | | 2.5 mm | 19.63 | 39.3 | 61.3 | 88.3 | | 3 mm | 23.55 | 47.1 | 73.6 | 106.0 | _Uncoated; thickness tolerances to EN 10131 (e.g. ±0.06 mm at 1.0 mm, 1 250 wide)._ ### Forming, welding and painting Bends flat (0 × t) in any direction; roll-forms into profiles, ducts and tubes; punches cleanly with 6–8 % clearance. Spot, seam and MAG welding without preparation — the oil film should be wiped near the weld for a clean bead. For painting: degrease (alkaline), phosphate or use a wash primer; the matt finish gives excellent adhesion for powder coating and e-coat. Plating (chrome, zinc) prefers the bright (b) finish. Not for deep drawing — use DC03/DC04 — and not for outdoor use without coating: cold-rolled sheet rusts within days if the oil is removed. ### Where it is used - Electrical cabinets, enclosures and switchgear panels - Steel furniture, lockers, shelving and doors - HVAC ducting, plenums and casings - Drums, cans and light containers - Roll-formed tubes (DKP boru) and light profiles - Automotive and appliance brackets, covers and non-visible parts ### DC01 vs DC03 vs DC04 DC01 bends; DC03 draws; DC04 deep-draws. Each step tightens the yield window and raises elongation (28 → 34 → 38 %) with cleaner chemistry, at 10–20 USD/t per step. Most sheet-metal work is DC01; move up only when a part is pressed with a draw depth or shows splits and orange-peel in DC01. For the same sheet with a zinc coating see DX51D galvanized; for a thicker, cheaper substrate with a scaled surface, hot-rolled coil or HRPO. ### Price DC01 is the base of the cold-rolled list; the bands below are the month's indicative FOB Istanbul ranges for thin and medium gauges from stock. Surface B, bright finish and slit widths are priced per ton on top. - DC01 · 0.40–1.0 mm: USD 770–895 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - DC01 · 1.2–3.0 mm: USD 760–885 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Packing of DC01 cold-rolled steel: coils on cradles (eye-to-sky, VCI wrap, four straps, 5–25 t) or sheet packs on skids up to 3 t with interleaving paper and corner protectors; 20' ≈ one coil (≤ 20 t), 40' HC ≈ two coils or 24 t of sheet. Tariff 7210 / 7209 / 7208. - Moq: One coil (5–20 t) or 5 t of sheet - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock 0.40–3.0 mm: 3–5 working days; slit strip 5–8 days - Packing: Coil eye-to-sky, VCI paper; sheet on skids ≤ 3 t with interleaving paper - Container: 20' one coil ≤ 20 t; 40' HC two coils or 24 t sheet - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing DC01 cold-rolled steel is delivered with the mill certificate EN 10204 3.1 — heat number, ladle analysis, tensile and impact results and the delivery condition. Third-party 3.2 certification (Lloyd's, BV, TÜV, SGS), ultrasonic testing to EN 10160 and extra Charpy tests at a lower temperature are ordered per lot. ### How to order Specify thickness × width × (length), surface (A / B), finish (m / b), oiling, coil weight, and tonnage; give the part type if you are unsure between DC01 and a drawing grade. ### FAQ **What is DC01 steel?** The base cold-rolled low-carbon sheet of EN 10130 (1.0330, ex St 12): yield ≤ 280 MPa, tensile 270–410 MPa, elongation ≥ 28 %, for bending, roll-forming, punching and painting; known in Turkey as DKP sac. **What is DKP sheet?** The Turkish trade name for cold-rolled steel sheet (from décapé = pickled); the standard grade is DC01, the drawing grades DC03–DC06. **What is the equivalent of DC01?** DIN St 12, JIS SPCC, ASTM A1008 CS Type B, GB Q195/DC01 — all commercial-quality cold-rolled sheet. **What is the difference between DC01 and DC04?** DC04 is a deep-drawing grade with lower yield (≤ 210 MPa), 38 % elongation, guaranteed r/n values and cleaner chemistry; DC01 is the bending grade. DC04 costs about 20 USD/t more. **Does DC01 rust?** Yes — it is uncoated and protected only by a thin oil film; parts must be painted, powder-coated or plated, or the galvanized DX51D used instead. **What thickness of DC01 do you stock?** 0.40–3.0 mm in 1 000–1 500 mm widths, as coil and cut sheet, at our Dilovası warehouse; thinner and thicker to order. ## DC03 Cold Rolled Steel URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/coated/dc03-cold-rolled-steel/ DC03 is DC01 with the press shop in mind: a little softer, a lot more consistent, and guaranteed free of the Lüders lines that spoil a painted panel after a month in the warehouse. If your DC01 parts show flow marks or crack at a drawn corner, DC03 is the next order. ### What is DC03 cold-rolled steel? DC03 sits one step above DC01 in EN 10130: carbon is limited to 0.10 %, manganese to 0.45 %, phosphorus to 0.035 %, and the steel is aluminium-killed and annealed to a softer, more uniform structure — yield at most 240 MPa (typically 170–210), tensile 270–370, elongation 34 %. Two things distinguish it in the press shop. First, the mill guarantees it non-ageing for six months: the skin-passed sheet will not develop the yield-point elongation that produces stretcher-strain marks on a stretched panel. Second, its plastic strain ratio (r ≈ 1.3) and hardening exponent (n ≈ 0.18) are high enough for shallow drawing, stretch-forming and embossing — trays, pans, appliance panels, door skins with pressed ribs — without the orange-peel and edge splits of DC01. It is still not a deep-drawing grade; that is DC04 and above. Surface B with matt finish is the usual order for parts that will be painted; bright finish for plating. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Mn | P | S | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | 0.10 | 0.45 | 0.035 | 0.035 | _Typical heat: C 0.03–0.05, Mn 0.20, Al 0.03–0.05 (killed)._ ### Mechanical properties and formability | Property | Requirement | Typical value | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Yield strength Rp0.2 | ≤ 240 MPa | 170–210 MPa | | | Tensile strength Rm | 270–370 MPa | 290–330 MPa | | | Elongation A80 | ≥ 34 % | 36–42 % | | | r90 | not specified | ≈ 1.3 | | | n90 | not specified | ≈ 0.18 | | | Ageing | non-ageing 6 months | guaranteed | | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | DIN 1623 (old) | St 13 | historic German | | EN 10130 (1991) | Fe P03 | previous edition | | JIS G3141 | SPCD | | | ASTM A1008 | DS Type B | | | GB/T 5213 | DC03 | | ### Surface finish, roughness and oiling | Code | Meaning | Ra (µm) | Typical use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | A | normal surface — minor defects (pores, scratches, slight marks) allowed | — | general fabrication, hidden parts | | B | best surface — the better side free of defects that impair a uniform paint finish | — | visible painted or plated parts | | b (bright) | smooth roll finish | ≤ 0.4 | chrome plating, decorative | | g (semi-bright) | standard finish | 0.4–0.9 (typ. 0.6–1.9) | painting, powder coating | | m (matt) | shot-blasted rolls | 0.6–1.9 | deep drawing, paint adhesion | | r (rough) | heavy texture | > 1.6 | special | | oiling | light rust-preventive oil both sides (standard); dry or heavy oil on request | — | | _Order example: plain cold-rolled is ordered as "DC01 A m, oiled". Turkish name DKP (dekape = pickled) refers to the pickled substrate of all cold-rolled sheet._ ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 0.50–1.0 mm | coil 1 000 / 1 250 mm; sheet to 2 500 | to order 2–3 weeks | | 1.2–3.0 mm | coil 1 250 / 1 500 mm; sheet to 3 000 | to order 2–3 weeks | | any | DC04 from stock as substitute | 3–5 days | ### Weight per m² and per sheet | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 000 × 2 000 (kg) | 1 250 × 2 500 (kg) | 1 500 × 3 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 0.5 mm | 3.93 | 7.9 | 12.3 | 17.7 | | 0.6 mm | 4.71 | 9.4 | 14.7 | 21.2 | | 0.7 mm | 5.50 | 11.0 | 17.2 | 24.7 | | 0.8 mm | 6.28 | 12.6 | 19.6 | 28.3 | | 1 mm | 7.85 | 15.7 | 24.5 | 35.3 | | 1.2 mm | 9.42 | 18.8 | 29.4 | 42.4 | | 1.5 mm | 11.78 | 23.6 | 36.8 | 53.0 | | 2 mm | 15.70 | 31.4 | 49.1 | 70.7 | | 2.5 mm | 19.63 | 39.3 | 61.3 | 88.3 | | 3 mm | 23.55 | 47.1 | 73.6 | 106.0 | _Uncoated; tolerances to EN 10131._ ### Forming, welding and painting Shallow drawing to a ratio of about 1.8, stretch-forming, embossing and beading with polished tools and drawing oil; hems close flat. Spot and projection welding as DC01; MAG on thicker gauges. Paint after degreasing and phosphating; the matt (m) finish is the standard for powder coating and e-coat, bright (b) for chrome or nickel plating. Store dry and use within the non-ageing period for critical visible panels. ### Where it is used - Pressed appliance panels and door skins - Trays, pans, drip trays and shallow housings - Embossed and beaded cabinet parts - Automotive non-structural pressings - Lighting and luminaire bodies - Decorative plated parts (bright finish) ### DC03 vs DC04 DC04 lowers the yield ceiling to 210 MPa, raises elongation to 38 % and guarantees r90 ≥ 1.6 / n90 ≥ 0.18 for genuine deep drawing — and it is the drawing grade we stock, so it often ships faster and costs only about 10 USD/t more. Order DC03 by name when a specification requires it; otherwise DC04 from stock covers every DC03 job. Below both, DC01 remains the bending grade. ### Price DC03 is priced about 10 USD/t over DC01; the band below is indicative FOB Istanbul for mill-order coil and sheet. - DC03 · 0.50–3.0 mm: USD 780–905 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing DC03 cold-rolled steel ships as coil — eye-to-sky on a wooden cradle, 5–25 t per coil, VCI paper and steel strapping — or as cut sheet on skids of 2–3 t with paper interleaving and edge protectors. A 20' takes one coil up to 20 t; a 40' HC two coils or 24 t of sheet. HS 7210 / 7209 / 7208 by product. - Moq: One coil (10–20 t) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: To order 2–3 weeks; DC04 from stock as upward substitute - Packing: Coil eye-to-sky, VCI paper; sheet interleaved on skids - Container: 20' one coil ≤ 20 t; 40' HC two coils or 24 t sheet - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing DC03 cold-rolled steel ships with EN 10204 3.1 certificates cross-referenced to the stencilled heat numbers. Where the project requires it we arrange 3.2 certification with Lloyd's, BV, TÜV or SGS, ultrasonic examination to EN 10160 and Charpy testing at the temperature you specify. ### How to order Specify thickness × width × (length), surface B / finish m or b, oiling, non-ageing, tonnage, and whether DC04 from stock is acceptable. ### FAQ **What is DC03 steel?** The drawing-quality cold-rolled sheet of EN 10130 (1.0347, ex St 13): yield ≤ 240 MPa, elongation ≥ 34 %, non-ageing, for pressed and shallow-drawn parts. **What is the difference between DC01 and DC03?** DC03 has lower carbon and phosphorus, a lower yield ceiling (240 vs 280 MPa), higher elongation (34 vs 28 %) and a non-ageing guarantee; DC01 is the bending grade. **What is the equivalent of DC03?** DIN St 13, JIS SPCD, ASTM A1008 DS Type B. **Is DC03 in stock?** It is rolled to order (2–3 weeks); DC04, which exceeds it, is stocked at Dilovası. ## DC04 Cold Rolled Steel URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/coated/dc04-cold-rolled-steel/ DC04 is the press shop standard: deep enough for a kitchen sink, a filter housing or a gas-bottle half, consistent enough to run a progressive die for a year. It is the drawing grade we keep in stock — most customers who ask for DC03 leave with DC04 because it is on the floor and exceeds the specification. ### What is DC04 cold-rolled steel? DC04 is the first EN 10130 grade with guaranteed drawing indices: r90 ≥ 1.6 (the sheet flows from the flange rather than thinning in the wall) and n90 ≥ 0.18 (strain spreads instead of localising). It is made from a clean, aluminium-killed heat with at most 0.08 % carbon and 0.40 % manganese, batch- or continuously annealed for a strong drawing texture, then lightly skin-passed; the result is a soft sheet (yield 140–200 MPa typical, 210 max) with 38 % elongation and a six-month non-ageing guarantee. In practice DC04 draws parts to a depth roughly equal to their diameter in one stroke — sinks, bowls, cups, cylinders, housings, oil pans — and survives two or three redraws without intermediate annealing. It is the most-used drawing grade in Turkey, produced by Erdemir in the full 0.40–3.0 mm range, and the one we stock; DC05 and DC06 (r ≥ 1.9 and ≥ 2.1) are automotive-class extensions available to order. Surface B matt for painting, bright for plating; the oil film is a drawing lubricant in itself for light draws. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Mn | P | S | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | 0.08 | 0.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | _Typical heat: C 0.02–0.04, Mn 0.15–0.25, Al 0.03–0.06 (killed)._ ### Mechanical properties and deep-drawing indices | Property | Requirement | Typical value | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Yield strength Rp0.2 | ≤ 210 MPa | 140–200 MPa | | | Tensile strength Rm | 270–350 MPa | 280–320 MPa | | | Elongation A80 | ≥ 38 % | 40–46 % | | | r90 | ≥ 1.6 | 1.7–2.0 | guaranteed | | n90 | ≥ 0.18 | 0.19–0.22 | guaranteed | | Ageing | non-ageing 6 months | guaranteed | | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | DIN 1623 (old) | St 14 | historic German | | EN 10130 (1991) | Fe P04 | previous edition | | JIS G3141 | SPCE | | | ASTM A1008 | DDS Type A | | | GB/T 5213 | DC04 | | ### Surface finish, roughness and oiling | Code | Meaning | Ra (µm) | Typical use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | A | normal surface — minor defects (pores, scratches, slight marks) allowed | — | general fabrication, hidden parts | | B | best surface — the better side free of defects that impair a uniform paint finish | — | visible painted or plated parts | | b (bright) | smooth roll finish | ≤ 0.4 | chrome plating, decorative | | g (semi-bright) | standard finish | 0.4–0.9 (typ. 0.6–1.9) | painting, powder coating | | m (matt) | shot-blasted rolls | 0.6–1.9 | deep drawing, paint adhesion | | r (rough) | heavy texture | > 1.6 | special | | oiling | light rust-preventive oil both sides (standard); dry or heavy oil on request | — | | _Order example: plain cold-rolled is ordered as "DC01 A m, oiled". Turkish name DKP (dekape = pickled) refers to the pickled substrate of all cold-rolled sheet._ ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 0.50–1.0 mm | coil 1 000 / 1 250 mm; sheet 2 000 / 2 500 | stock | | 1.2–2.0 mm | coil 1 000 / 1 250 / 1 500 mm; sheet to 3 000 | stock | | 2.5–3.0 mm | coil 1 250 / 1 500 mm | stock, limited | | blanks | cut to your blank size, deburred | cut-to-length in Dilovası | ### Weight per m² and per sheet | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 000 × 2 000 (kg) | 1 250 × 2 500 (kg) | 1 500 × 3 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 0.5 mm | 3.93 | 7.9 | 12.3 | 17.7 | | 0.6 mm | 4.71 | 9.4 | 14.7 | 21.2 | | 0.7 mm | 5.50 | 11.0 | 17.2 | 24.7 | | 0.8 mm | 6.28 | 12.6 | 19.6 | 28.3 | | 1 mm | 7.85 | 15.7 | 24.5 | 35.3 | | 1.2 mm | 9.42 | 18.8 | 29.4 | 42.4 | | 1.5 mm | 11.78 | 23.6 | 36.8 | 53.0 | | 2 mm | 15.70 | 31.4 | 49.1 | 70.7 | | 2.5 mm | 19.63 | 39.3 | 61.3 | 88.3 | | 3 mm | 23.55 | 47.1 | 73.6 | 106.0 | _Uncoated; tolerances to EN 10131._ ### Forming, welding and painting Draw ratios to 2.0 in the first stroke, redraws without annealing; polished tools, blank-holder pressure tuned to the low yield, drawing oil or the mill oil for light draws. Ironing and flanging are routine. Spot and projection welding with slightly lower current than DC01; laser welding clean. Painting after degreasing; phosphate for e-coat; plating on bright finish. Keep within the non-ageing period for exposed panels. ### Where it is used - Kitchen sinks, bowls and catering ware (carbon-steel enamelled) - Filter, pump and compressor housings - Oil pans, sumps and tank halves - Gas-bottle and fire-extinguisher shells (with EN 10130 cross-reference) - Automotive body and chassis pressings - Deep-drawn luminaire, motor and appliance parts ### DC04 vs DC05 / DC06 DC05 raises r90 to 1.9 and elongation to 40 % (yield ≤ 180 MPa); DC06 — interstitial-free steel — to r90 ≥ 2.1, 38 %, yield ≤ 180 MPa, with no ageing at all. They are automotive outer-panel and extreme-draw grades, made to order in 4–6 weeks. DC04 covers the great majority of industrial deep drawing from stock; go higher only when the draw ratio exceeds about 2.1 or the specification names the grade. See DC05 and DC06; for the galvanized twin see DX54D. ### Price DC04 is priced about 20 USD/t over DC01; the band below is the month's indicative FOB Istanbul range for our stock. Bright finish, surface B and blanks are priced per ton or per piece. - DC04 · 0.50–3.0 mm: USD 790–915 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing We load DC04 cold-rolled steel as slit or master coils on cradles (VCI paper, strapped, 5–25 t) or as cut-to-length sheet on skids (≤ 3 t, interleaved, edge boards); a 20' container carries one coil to 20 t, a 40' HC two coils or 24 t of sheet. HS 7210 / 7209 / 7208. - Moq: One coil (5–20 t) or 5 t of sheet - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock 0.50–3.0 mm: 3–5 working days; special widths / bright finish 2–3 weeks - Packing: Coil eye-to-sky, VCI paper; sheet interleaved on skids - Container: 20' one coil ≤ 20 t; 40' HC two coils or 24 t sheet - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing Every lot of DC04 cold-rolled steel carries an EN 10204 3.1 inspection certificate listing heat, chemistry, mechanical and impact results. On request we add 3.2 witnessing by a classification society or inspector, EN 10160 ultrasonic testing and supplementary impact tests at the customer's design temperature. ### How to order Specify thickness × width × (length or blank size), surface B / finish m or b, oiling, r/n certification if needed, tonnage; we confirm stock the same day. ### FAQ **What is DC04 steel?** The deep-drawing cold-rolled sheet of EN 10130 (1.0338, ex St 14): Al-killed, yield ≤ 210 MPa, elongation ≥ 38 %, guaranteed r90 ≥ 1.6 and n90 ≥ 0.18, non-ageing — the standard sheet for sinks, cups, housings and automotive pressings. **What is the difference between DC01 and DC04?** DC04 has cleaner chemistry, a lower yield ceiling (210 vs 280 MPa), 38 % vs 28 % elongation, guaranteed drawing indices and a non-ageing guarantee; DC01 is the bending grade. **What is the equivalent of DC04?** DIN St 14, JIS SPCE, ASTM A1008 DDS Type A, GB DC04 — all deep-drawing cold-rolled sheet. **What is the r-value of DC04?** Guaranteed r90 ≥ 1.6 (typically 1.7–2.0) and n90 ≥ 0.18 — the plastic strain ratio and work-hardening exponent that define deep-drawability. **Is DC04 in stock in Turkey?** Yes — 0.50–3.0 mm coil and sheet at our Dilovası warehouse, cut to blank size on request. ## DC05 Cold Rolled Steel URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/coated/dc05-cold-rolled-steel/ DC05 exists for the parts that DC04 cannot quite finish: a wheel-arch, a fuel-tank half, a two-stage drawn cylinder with a flange. Its higher r-value keeps the wall from thinning where DC04 would neck, and the press shop pays about 15 USD/t for that margin. We bring it in from Erdemir or EU mills against the part and the tonnage. ### What is DC05 cold-rolled steel? DC05 tightens every DC04 requirement: carbon 0.06 % max (typically 0.02), manganese 0.35 %, phosphorus and sulphur 0.025 %, yield capped at 180 MPa, elongation 40 % and — the decisive figures — r90 ≥ 1.9 and n90 ≥ 0.20. The higher r-value comes from a more strongly developed {111} annealing texture, obtained with an ultra-low-carbon, aluminium-killed heat and a long batch anneal or a controlled continuous anneal. In the die, that texture means the flange feeds inward freely while the cup wall keeps its thickness, so draw ratios of 2.1–2.3 and deep second-stage draws succeed without the necking that limits DC04. DC05 is the working grade of automotive outer skins (doors, bonnets, wings), wheel-house and floor-pan pressings, fuel-tank halves and any complex multi-stage part; it is also chosen for enamelled deep-drawn ware where a defect-free wall matters. It is non-ageing without time limit in practice. DC06 goes one step further with interstitial-free steel. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Mn | P | S | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | 0.06 | 0.35 | 0.025 | 0.025 | _Typical heat: C 0.015–0.025, Mn 0.10–0.20, Al 0.04–0.07._ ### Mechanical properties and deep-drawing indices | Property | Requirement | Typical value | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Yield strength Rp0.2 | ≤ 180 MPa | 130–170 MPa | | | Tensile strength Rm | 270–330 MPa | 280–310 MPa | | | Elongation A80 | ≥ 40 % | 42–48 % | | | r90 | ≥ 1.9 | 2.0–2.3 | guaranteed | | n90 | ≥ 0.20 | 0.21–0.24 | guaranteed | | Ageing | non-ageing | guaranteed | | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | DIN 1623 (old) | St 15 | historic German | | EN 10130 (1991) | Fe P05 | previous edition | | JIS G3141 | SPCF | | | ASTM A1008 | EDDS | | | GB/T 5213 | DC05 | | ### Surface finish, roughness and oiling | Code | Meaning | Ra (µm) | Typical use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | A | normal surface — minor defects (pores, scratches, slight marks) allowed | — | general fabrication, hidden parts | | B | best surface — the better side free of defects that impair a uniform paint finish | — | visible painted or plated parts | | b (bright) | smooth roll finish | ≤ 0.4 | chrome plating, decorative | | g (semi-bright) | standard finish | 0.4–0.9 (typ. 0.6–1.9) | painting, powder coating | | m (matt) | shot-blasted rolls | 0.6–1.9 | deep drawing, paint adhesion | | r (rough) | heavy texture | > 1.6 | special | | oiling | light rust-preventive oil both sides (standard); dry or heavy oil on request | — | | _Order example: plain cold-rolled is ordered as "DC01 A m, oiled". Turkish name DKP (dekape = pickled) refers to the pickled substrate of all cold-rolled sheet._ ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 0.50–1.0 mm | coil 1 000 / 1 250 / 1 500 mm; blanks | to order 3–5 weeks | | 1.2–2.5 mm | coil 1 250 / 1 500 mm | to order 3–5 weeks | ### Weight per m² and per sheet | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 000 × 2 000 (kg) | 1 250 × 2 500 (kg) | 1 500 × 3 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 0.5 mm | 3.93 | 7.9 | 12.3 | 17.7 | | 0.6 mm | 4.71 | 9.4 | 14.7 | 21.2 | | 0.7 mm | 5.50 | 11.0 | 17.2 | 24.7 | | 0.8 mm | 6.28 | 12.6 | 19.6 | 28.3 | | 1 mm | 7.85 | 15.7 | 24.5 | 35.3 | | 1.2 mm | 9.42 | 18.8 | 29.4 | 42.4 | | 1.5 mm | 11.78 | 23.6 | 36.8 | 53.0 | | 2 mm | 15.70 | 31.4 | 49.1 | 70.7 | | 2.5 mm | 19.63 | 39.3 | 61.3 | 88.3 | _Uncoated; tolerances to EN 10131._ ### Forming, welding and painting Draw ratios above 2.1, multi-stage draws and stretch-forming of large panels; low blank-holder force, polished or coated tools, drawing oil. The soft surface marks easily — handle with paper interleaving and clean dies. Spot and laser welding routine; MAG on thicker gauges. Painting and e-coat after phosphating; enamelling on the matt finish. ### Where it is used - Automotive outer panels: doors, bonnets, wings, roofs - Wheel-houses, floor pans and complex inner panels - Fuel-tank halves and pressure-less vessel shells - Multi-stage drawn cylinders, cups and cans - Enamelled deep-drawn ware (bath tubs, appliance tubs) - Heat-exchanger and radiator pressings ### DC05 vs DC04 vs DC06 DC04 (r ≥ 1.6) from stock handles most industrial drawing; DC05 (r ≥ 1.9) is the automotive outer-panel and multi-stage grade; DC06 (r ≥ 2.1, IF steel) is for the deepest and most complex parts and for total freedom from ageing. Price steps are about 15 USD/t each. ### Price DC05 is priced about 35 USD/t over DC01; the band below is indicative FOB Istanbul for mill-order coil. - DC05 · 0.50–2.5 mm: USD 805–930 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing DC05 cold-rolled steel ships as coil — eye-to-sky on a wooden cradle, 5–25 t per coil, VCI paper and steel strapping — or as cut sheet on skids of 2–3 t with paper interleaving and edge protectors. A 20' takes one coil up to 20 t; a 40' HC two coils or 24 t of sheet. HS 7210 / 7209 / 7208 by product. - Moq: One coil (10–20 t) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: To order 3–5 weeks - Packing: Coil eye-to-sky, VCI paper, edge protection; blanks interleaved on skids - Container: 20' one coil ≤ 20 t; 40' HC two coils - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing DC05 cold-rolled steel ships with EN 10204 3.1 certificates cross-referenced to the stencilled heat numbers. Where the project requires it we arrange 3.2 certification with Lloyd's, BV, TÜV or SGS, ultrasonic examination to EN 10160 and Charpy testing at the temperature you specify. ### How to order Specify thickness × width or blank size, surface B / finish m, oiling, r/n certification, the part drawing if available and tonnage; mill slot confirmed within one working day. ### FAQ **What is DC05 steel?** The extra-deep-drawing cold-rolled sheet of EN 10130 (1.0312, ex St 15): yield ≤ 180 MPa, elongation ≥ 40 %, guaranteed r90 ≥ 1.9 and n90 ≥ 0.20, non-ageing — for automotive panels and multi-stage draws. **What is the difference between DC04 and DC05?** DC05 has a lower yield ceiling (180 vs 210 MPa), higher elongation (40 vs 38 %) and higher guaranteed drawing indices (r ≥ 1.9 vs 1.6); it allows draw ratios above 2.1. **What is the equivalent of DC05?** DIN St 15, JIS SPCF, ASTM A1008 EDDS. ## DC06 Cold Rolled Steel URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/coated/dc06-cold-rolled-steel/ DC06 is the end of the drawing scale: a steel with almost no carbon or nitrogen left in solution, so it cannot age, cannot show Lüders lines and draws deeper than any other plain carbon sheet. Car makers specify it for the panels that fail in everything else; we order it by heat from EU and Turkish lines for customers who need that margin. ### What is DC06 cold-rolled steel? DC06 is made from interstitial-free steel: carbon is reduced to 0.02 % or less by vacuum degassing and the remaining carbon and nitrogen are tied up by titanium and/or niobium additions, so no interstitial atoms are left to pin dislocations. The consequences are exactly what a press shop wants — a very low, stable yield (typically 120–160 MPa), the highest plastic strain ratio of any carbon sheet (r90 ≥ 2.1, often 2.3–2.6), n90 ≥ 0.22, and no strain ageing at any storage time or bake temperature. Draw ratios of 2.3 and more, deep multi-stage parts, large stretch-formed panels with sharp feature lines and enamelled parts that must not fish-scale all belong to DC06. The surface is ordered B matt for painting; the steel is soft and marks easily, so handling and die cleanliness matter. It is produced on a handful of lines (Erdemir for some gauges, EU mills for the rest) and is a project item with a 4–6 week lead time. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Mn | P | S | Ti | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | 0.02 | 0.25 | 0.020 | 0.020 | 0.30 | _Typical IF heat: C 0.002–0.005, N ≤ 0.004, Ti 0.05–0.08 (or Nb 0.02), Mn 0.10._ ### Mechanical properties and deep-drawing indices | Property | Requirement | Typical value | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Yield strength Rp0.2 | ≤ 180 MPa | 120–160 MPa | | | Tensile strength Rm | 270–350 MPa | 280–320 MPa | | | Elongation A80 | ≥ 38 % | 42–50 % | | | r90 | ≥ 2.1 | 2.3–2.6 | guaranteed | | n90 | ≥ 0.22 | 0.23–0.26 | guaranteed | | Ageing | none (IF) | none | | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | DIN 1623 (old) | — | historic German | | EN 10130 (1991) | Fe P06 | previous edition | | JIS G3141 | SPCG | | | ASTM A1008 | EDDS (IF) | | | GB/T 5213 | DC06 | | ### Surface finish, roughness and oiling | Code | Meaning | Ra (µm) | Typical use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | A | normal surface — minor defects (pores, scratches, slight marks) allowed | — | general fabrication, hidden parts | | B | best surface — the better side free of defects that impair a uniform paint finish | — | visible painted or plated parts | | b (bright) | smooth roll finish | ≤ 0.4 | chrome plating, decorative | | g (semi-bright) | standard finish | 0.4–0.9 (typ. 0.6–1.9) | painting, powder coating | | m (matt) | shot-blasted rolls | 0.6–1.9 | deep drawing, paint adhesion | | r (rough) | heavy texture | > 1.6 | special | | oiling | light rust-preventive oil both sides (standard); dry or heavy oil on request | — | | _Order example: plain cold-rolled is ordered as "DC01 A m, oiled". Turkish name DKP (dekape = pickled) refers to the pickled substrate of all cold-rolled sheet._ ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 0.50–1.0 mm | coil 1 000 / 1 250 / 1 500 mm; blanks | to order 4–6 weeks | | 1.2–2.0 mm | coil 1 250 / 1 500 mm | to order 4–6 weeks | ### Weight per m² and per sheet | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 000 × 2 000 (kg) | 1 250 × 2 500 (kg) | 1 500 × 3 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 0.5 mm | 3.93 | 7.9 | 12.3 | 17.7 | | 0.6 mm | 4.71 | 9.4 | 14.7 | 21.2 | | 0.7 mm | 5.50 | 11.0 | 17.2 | 24.7 | | 0.8 mm | 6.28 | 12.6 | 19.6 | 28.3 | | 1 mm | 7.85 | 15.7 | 24.5 | 35.3 | | 1.2 mm | 9.42 | 18.8 | 29.4 | 42.4 | | 1.5 mm | 11.78 | 23.6 | 36.8 | 53.0 | | 2 mm | 15.70 | 31.4 | 49.1 | 70.7 | _Uncoated; tolerances to EN 10131._ ### Forming, welding and painting The deepest draws and most complex stretch-forms in carbon steel; low blank-holder force, generous radii, drawing oil, immaculate tooling. Bake-hardening is nil (no interstitials) — if a bake-hardening effect is wanted, order a BH grade instead. Spot and laser welding routine; the very low carbon gives soft, ductile welds. Painting and e-coat after phosphating; enamelling excellent (no fish-scaling from hydrogen traps when properly processed). ### Where it is used - Automotive super-deep-drawn outer and inner panels - Complex multi-stage pressings and stretch-formed skins - Enamelled bath tubs, boilers and appliance tubs - Deep cans, cups and cartridges - Parts requiring zero stretcher-strain risk after long storage ### DC06 vs DC05 DC05 (r ≥ 1.9) is Al-killed ultra-low-carbon steel with a non-ageing guarantee; DC06 (r ≥ 2.1) is interstitial-free with no ageing mechanism at all and the highest drawability. If the part draws in DC05, stay there — DC06 costs about 15 USD/t more and takes longer. Choose DC06 for draw ratios above 2.3, for parts stored long before pressing, and where the specification names IF steel. See DC05 and the stock grade DC04. ### Price DC06 is priced about 50 USD/t over DC01 as an imported IF grade; the band below is indicative FOB Istanbul for mill-order coil. - DC06 · 0.50–2.0 mm: USD 820–945 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing We load DC06 cold-rolled steel as slit or master coils on cradles (VCI paper, strapped, 5–25 t) or as cut-to-length sheet on skids (≤ 3 t, interleaved, edge boards); a 20' container carries one coil to 20 t, a 40' HC two coils or 24 t of sheet. HS 7210 / 7209 / 7208. - Moq: One coil (10–20 t) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Imported to order 4–6 weeks - Packing: Coil eye-to-sky, VCI paper, edge protection - Container: 20' one coil ≤ 20 t; 40' HC two coils - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing Documentation for DC06 cold-rolled steel: EN 10204 3.1 mill certificate as standard (heat number, analysis, tensile, Charpy, condition); 3.2 with an independent inspector, EN 10160 UT reports and additional low-temperature Charpy tests are available on plates above 8 mm at order. ### How to order Specify thickness × width or blank size, surface B / finish m, oiling, IF certification with r/n values, the part drawing and tonnage; we confirm mill and delivery within one working day. ### FAQ **What is DC06 steel?** The super-deep-drawing cold-rolled sheet of EN 10130 (1.0873): interstitial-free steel with C ≤ 0.02 %, yield ≤ 180 MPa, r90 ≥ 2.1, n90 ≥ 0.22 and no strain ageing — for the most complex automotive and enamelled pressings. **What is interstitial-free steel?** Steel in which the carbon and nitrogen that would otherwise sit between iron atoms are removed by vacuum degassing and tied up by titanium or niobium, giving very high drawability and no ageing. **What is the equivalent of DC06?** JIS SPCG, ASTM A1008 EDDS (IF), GB DC06; there is no DIN 1623 predecessor. **What is the lead time for DC06?** 4–6 weeks — it is produced on a few lines against order and is not stocked in Turkey. ## Galvanized Steel Sheet & Coil (GI) URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/coated/hot-dip-galvanized-coil-sheet/ GI sheet and galvanized coil to EN 10346 — DX51D+Z standard, DX52D–DX54D for forming, S250GD–S350GD structural — with Z100, Z140, Z200 or Z275 zinc, 0.30 to 4.00 mm, from stock in Dilovası. Slit to width, cut to length, or corrugated on our own lines; eye-to-sky container loading with VCI paper; EN 10204 3.1 with every coil. ### What is GI (galvanized iron) sheet? GI sheet is low-carbon cold-rolled steel — DX51D to EN 10346, 0.30–4.00 mm — that has been passed through a bath of molten zinc at about 450 °C so that both faces carry a zinc layer of 100–275 g/m² (Z100–Z275, 7–20 µm per side). The zinc protects the steel twice: as a barrier and, where the sheet is cut or scratched, sacrificially. The result is the standard material for roofing, cladding, HVAC ducting, purlins, cable trays, appliance panels and the skins of sandwich panels. "GI" (galvanized iron) is the Gulf and South Asian trade name; Europe says hot-dip galvanized (HDG) or DX51D+Z, the US says G60/G90, Japan SGCC. They are the same product family — the table in section 3 lines them up. ### Galvanized grades — one page each Every EN 10346 grade has its own page with chemistry, mechanical values, coating table, weight per m² and price band. Forming grades: DX51D (bending, the stock grade), DX52D (drawing), DX53D (deep drawing), DX54D (extra-deep drawing). Structural grades: S220GD, S250GD (roofing and light profiles, stock), S280GD (purlins, stock), S320GD, S350GD (decking, solar, long spans, stock). ### Coil, cut sheet, slit strip or corrugated — which form to order Coil is cheapest per ton and loads best (three 7–8 t coils fill a 20' container). Cut sheet suits distributors and fabricators without a decoiler; slit strip feeds tube mills, roll-formers and purlin lines; corrugated and trapezoidal sheet is roll-formed here and ships as roofing. | Form | Range | Typical buyer | Packing | Container | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Coil | 0.30–4.00 mm × 1 000–1 500 mm, ID 508/610, 5–25 t | Service centres, panel makers, tube mills | Eye-to-sky on cradle, VCI paper, steel strapping | 20' ≈ 21 t · 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t | | Cut-to-length sheet | 0.30–4.00 mm × 1 000/1 250/1 500 × 2 000/2 500/3 000 mm | Stockists, HVAC, fabricators | Packs 2–3 t on skids, wrapped | 40' HC ≈ 24 t | | Slit strip | 20–600 mm wide, 0.30–3.00 mm | Tube mills, purlin and profile lines | Eye-to-wall on pallets or eye-to-sky | 20' ≈ 20 t | | Corrugated / trapezoidal | 0.30–0.70 mm, profiles 18/76, 27/150, 38/151 | Roofing distributors, contractors | Packs to 3 t, 6–12 m | See trapezoidal sheet page | ### Grades and international equivalents DX51D+Z is the general-purpose bending grade and covers 80% of orders. DX52D–DX54D are drawing grades for deeper forming (ducting fittings, appliance panels); S250GD–S350GD+Z are structural grades with guaranteed yield for purlins, decking and light-gauge framing. Full chemistry, mechanical limits and the DX51D data sheet are on our reference site (links below). | EN 10346 | ASTM A653 | JIS G3302 | GOST 14918 | Use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | DX51D+Z | CS Type B | SGCC | 08пс ХП | Bending, roofing, ducting, general | | DX52D+Z | FS Type B | SGCD | 08пс ПК | Forming, fittings | | DX53D+Z | DDS | SGCD | 08Ю ПК | Deep drawing | | DX54D+Z | EDDS | SGCE | 08Ю ПК | Extra-deep drawing | | S250GD+Z | SS Grade 37 | SGC340 | 250 | Purlins, decking | | S280GD+Z | SS Grade 40 | SGC340 | 280 | Purlins, framing | | S350GD+Z | SS Grade 50 | SGC400 | 350 | Structural profiles, guardrail | ### Zinc coating classes Z100–Z275 The Z number is the total zinc mass on both faces in g/m² (triple-spot test). Z140 is the export default for roofing and general work; Z200–Z275 for coastal, industrial and Gulf humid sites; Z100 for indoor ducting and painted parts. ASTM G90 corresponds to about Z275. | Class (EN 10346) | Zinc g/m² both sides | µm per side | ASTM A653 | Typical life to first rust* | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Z100 | 100 | 7 | G30–G40 | Indoor: 20+ yr · rural: 10–15 yr | | Z140 | 140 | 10 | G50 | Rural: 15–25 yr · urban: 8–15 yr | | Z200 | 200 | 14 | G60–G70 | Urban: 12–20 yr · coastal: 6–10 yr | | Z275 | 275 | 20 | G90 | Coastal/industrial: 10–15 yr · rural: 30+ yr | _* ISO 9223 corrosivity categories C2–C4, unpainted. Painted (PPGI) or aluzinc for longer coastal life._ ### Thickness, gauge and weight table Weight per m² = thickness × 7.85 kg + zinc (0.14 kg/m² for Z140, 0.275 for Z275). A 0.50 mm Z140 sheet weighs 4.07 kg/m²; a 1 250 × 2 500 mm sheet 12.7 kg, so about 79 sheets make a ton. Gulf buyers order by gauge — the table maps the galvanized gauge series to millimetres. | Gauge | mm | kg/m² (Z140) | kg per 1 250 × 2 500 sheet | Sheets per ton | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 30 | 0.30 | 2.50 | 7.8 | 128 | | 28 | 0.40 | 3.28 | 10.3 | 97 | | 26 | 0.50 | 4.07 | 12.7 | 79 | | 25 | 0.60 | 4.85 | 15.2 | 66 | | 24 | 0.70 | 5.64 | 17.6 | 57 | | 22 | 0.80 | 6.42 | 20.1 | 50 | | 21 | 0.90 | 7.21 | 22.5 | 44 | | 20 | 1.00 | 7.99 | 25.0 | 40 | | 18 | 1.20 | 9.56 | 29.9 | 33 | | 16 | 1.50 | 11.92 | 37.2 | 27 | | 14 | 2.00 | 15.84 | 49.5 | 20 | | 12 | 2.50 | 19.77 | 61.8 | 16 | | 11 | 3.00 | 23.69 | 74.0 | 14 | | 8 | 4.00 | 31.54 | 98.6 | 10 | _Gauge figures follow the common galvanized-sheet gauge series used in the Gulf and India; order in mm to avoid ambiguity._ ### Standard sizes and coil data Widths 1 000, 1 200, 1 250 and 1 500 mm (1 000 and 1 250 from stock in every thickness); sheet lengths 2 000, 2 500 and 3 000 mm, or cut to any length up to 6 000 mm. Coil inner diameter 508 or 610 mm, outer diameter up to 1 800 mm, coil weight 5–25 t (export coils are usually held to 7–8 t so three fit a 20' container). Thickness tolerance per EN 10143 normal or restricted class; width +5/−0 mm; flatness class. ### Surface: spangle, passivation and oiling Regular spangle is standard and cheapest; minimized or zero spangle gives a smooth surface for painting and visible parts (ducting, appliances). Surface treatments: chromate or chromate-free passivation (Cr-free is required for EU and many Gulf projects), light oiling for storage in humid climates, or dry for immediate painting. Skin-passed (SP) surface on request for a uniform finish. ### GI sheet for HVAC ducting Ducting shops use 0.50–1.20 mm Z140–Z275 DX51D in cut sheets 1 250 × 2 500 mm, minimized spangle, lightly oiled. SMACNA and DW/144 duct gauges map to 0.6 mm (26 g), 0.8 mm (24 g), 1.0 mm (22 g) and 1.2 mm (20 g). We pack duct sheet in 2 t skids, 20–24 t per 40' HC, with the mill certificate and a SASO/QCC-ready packing list. ### GI for roofing, purlins and framing Roofing sheet is roll-formed here from 0.30–0.70 mm Z140–Z275 coil into corrugated, trapezoidal and tile profiles; purlins from 1.5–3.0 mm S250GD–S350GD+Z. If your order is roofing rather than flat material, the trapezoidal & corrugated sheet and C and Z purlin pages carry the profile tables; the coil grade and coating are the same as here. ### GI vs aluzinc vs PPGI vs electro-galvanized Hot-dip GI stays the default because it is the cheapest coating per year of service in most climates; move to aluzinc or PPGI for roofs within 5 km of the sea, and to zinc-magnesium for unpainted outdoor structures that must last 25+ years. | Product | Coating | Life outdoors | Price vs GI Z140 | Choose when | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | GI (hot-dip) | Zinc 100–275 g/m² | Good; sacrificial at cut edges | 1.00 | General, roofing, ducting, purlins | | Aluzinc AZ150 | 55% Al-Zn 150 g/m² | 2–4× GI in humid/coastal air | 1.05–1.15 | Roofing in Gulf, West Africa; heat reflection | | PPGI (pre-painted) | GI + PE/PVDF paint | Longest; colour | 1.25–1.45 | Visible roofing and cladding, panels | | Electro-galvanized | Zinc 2.5–10 µm | Indoor only | 1.05–1.10 | Appliances, painted parts | | Zinc-magnesium ZM | Zn-Mg-Al 90–310 g/m² | 3–5× GI | 1.10–1.25 | Solar mounting, agricultural, outdoor frames | ### Tolerances (EN 10143) Tolerances are stated on the offer and the certificate; ordering to the restricted class costs 1–2% more and matters for ducting seams and appliance panels. | Nominal thickness | Tolerance ± | | --- | --- | | 0.30–0.40 mm | 0.05 | | 0.40–0.60 mm | 0.06 | | 0.60–0.80 mm | 0.07 | | 0.80–1.00 mm | 0.08 | | 1.00–1.20 mm | 0.09 | | 1.20–1.60 mm | 0.11 | | 1.60–2.00 mm | 0.13 | | 2.00–2.50 mm | 0.15 | | 2.50–3.00 mm | 0.17 | | 3.00–4.00 mm | 0.19 | _Restricted class (S) at half these values on request._ ### Galvanized coil price per ton and per kg Indicative FOB Istanbul bands from our weekly export list, DX51D+Z140, full-container quantities. Thin gauges (0.30–0.50 mm) cost more per ton because of the extra rolling passes; Z200 and Z275 carry a zinc surcharge that moves with the LME zinc price. Per kilogram, divide the band by 1 000: a 0.50 mm GI sheet at 880–1 050 USD/MT is 0.88–1.05 USD/kg FOB before freight. - DX51D+Z140 · 0.30–0.50 mm: USD 880–1050 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - DX51D+Z140 · 0.60–1.00 mm: USD 780–940 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - DX51D+Z140 · 1.20–4.00 mm: USD 760–880 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - Z200 / Z275 surcharge: on request / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Coils are loaded eye-to-sky on timber cradles, lashed with steel strapping and wrapped in VCI paper and PE film for voyages over 14 days. HS code 7210.49 (plain galvanized, non-alloy, ≥600 mm wide), 7210.41 (corrugated), 7212.30 (slit strip <600 mm). - Moq: 1 × 20' container (3 coils, ~21 t) or 1 truck (22–24 t); mixed thicknesses allowed - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul (Ambarlı / Gemlik) · CIF / CFR Gulf, Red Sea, West and East Africa · DAP by truck to EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau / Almaty via Baku ferry - Lead: Stock: 5–10 working days to loading; mill order (special width, Z275, restricted tolerance): 4–6 weeks - Packing: Coil eye-to-sky on cradle, VCI + PE, 3 × 7–8 t per 20'; sheet packs 2–3 t on skids - Container: 20' ≈ 21 t · 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t · truck 22–24 t - Docs: Commercial invoice, packing list per coil, EN 10204 3.1, certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / EAC / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; irrevocable L/C at sight accepted via our London office ### Certificates and documents EN 10204 3.1 inspection certificate for every coil (heat number, chemistry, yield/tensile/elongation, coating mass); certificate of origin; on request SASO/SABER (KSA), SONCAP (Nigeria), EAC (Kazakhstan), PVoC (Kenya), CE for structural grades used in EN 1090 components. Third-party inspection (SGS, BV) in Dilovası before loading. ### How to order Send grade, thickness × width (or gauge), coating class, form (coil / sheet / strip), quantity in tons or containers, destination port and Incoterm. We reply within one working day with the USD price, coil weights, number of containers and loading date; stock items load within 5–10 working days. ### FAQ **What is a GI sheet?** A galvanized iron (GI) sheet is cold-rolled low-carbon steel (DX51D, 0.30–4.00 mm) coated on both sides with 100–275 g/m² of zinc by hot dipping. It is used for roofing, ducting, purlins, cable trays and panel skins; "GI" is the trade name, EN 10346 calls it DX51D+Z and ASTM A653 G60/G90. **What is the price of 1 kg of GI sheet?** Divide the per-ton band by 1 000: at an indicative 880–1 050 USD/MT FOB Istanbul for 0.50 mm DX51D+Z140, one kilogram is about 0.88–1.05 USD before freight and duty. Thicker sheet (1.2–4.0 mm) is cheaper per kg, Z275 coating dearer. **What is the difference between GI sheet and galvanized coil?** None in the material — coil is the continuous strip as it leaves the galvanizing line; GI sheet is the same strip cut to length (2 000–3 000 mm). Coil is cheaper per ton and loads more per container; sheet is ready for shops without a decoiler. **GI or aluminium — which is better for roofing?** GI is stronger, cheaper (about a third of aluminium per m² at equal thickness) and easier to fix; aluminium is lighter and does not rust at cut edges. For most warehouses and sheds GI Z200–Z275 or aluzinc is the economical choice; aluminium is chosen for very corrosive or weight-critical roofs. **What is the difference between AC sheets and GI sheets?** AC (asbestos-cement or fibre-cement) sheets are brittle, heavy (12–16 kg/m²) and cannot be curved; GI sheets weigh 3–6 kg/m², span further between purlins, are fully recyclable and do not carry the asbestos health issue. GI needs a coating class matched to the climate; AC does not corrode. **Which zinc coating should I specify?** Z140 for inland roofing, ducting and general use; Z200 for urban and industrial air; Z275 (G90) within 5 km of the coast or in the Gulf humidity. For unpainted structures expected to last more than 25 years consider zinc-magnesium (ZM) or aluzinc. **What sizes and thicknesses are in stock?** 0.30–4.00 mm in widths 1 000 and 1 250 mm from stock, 1 200 and 1 500 mm for most thicknesses; sheets 2 000, 2 500 and 3 000 mm long; coils 5–25 t, ID 508/610 mm. **What is the HS code for galvanized steel sheet?** 7210.49 for plain hot-dip galvanized flat products ≥600 mm wide, 7210.41 for corrugated, 7212.30 for slit strip under 600 mm. The code is stated on the invoice and used for the SASO/SONCAP certificate. **How many tons of coil fit in a 20-foot container?** About 21 t: three coils of 7 t, or two of 10 t, loaded eye-to-sky on cradles. A 40' HC takes 24–25 t; port and road weight limits, not the box, set the ceiling. **Do you supply DX51D with a mill certificate?** Yes — every coil ships with an EN 10204 3.1 certificate showing heat number, chemistry, mechanical properties and zinc coating mass; 3.2 (inspector-countersigned) on request. ## DX51D Galvanized Steel URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/coated/dx51d-galvanized-steel/ Nine out of ten galvanized coils that leave Dilovası are DX51D. It bends, roll-forms, punches and welds without complaint, the zinc is the corrosion protection and the certificate says DX51D+Z140 or Z275. When a buyer in Lagos, Jeddah or Bucharest asks for "GI sheet", this is the grade we quote first. ### What is DX51D galvanized steel? DX51D is EN 10346's entry grade for continuously hot-dip coated low-carbon steel: D for flat products for cold forming, X for the rolling condition not specified (hot- or cold-rolled substrate), 51 for the quality level and D for hot-dip coating. The +Z suffix is the zinc coating, followed by the mass (Z140, Z275). The standard fixes only a maximum tensile strength (500 MPa) and a minimum elongation (22 % A80) — there is no guaranteed yield, which is why DX51D is a bending grade and not a structural one; typical values are 280–320 MPa yield and 350–420 MPa tensile. Carbon is limited to 0.18 %, but real heats run 0.03–0.06 %, so the sheet is soft, ductile and easy to form, roll-form, lock-seam and spot-weld. It is the grade behind trapezoidal roofing, purlins, ducting, cable trays, enclosures, appliance panels and the general galvanized sheet trade; the zinc carries the corrosion protection and Z140 is the Turkish stock standard, Z275 the export standard. Substrate thickness 0.30–4.0 mm (up to 6.0 mm at some mills); above 3 mm the zinc coating adheres less well in tight bends. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Ti | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | 0.18 | 0.50 | 1.20 | 0.12 | 0.045 | 0.30 | _Typical heat: C 0.04, Mn 0.25, Si 0.02 — much softer than the limits suggest._ ### Mechanical properties and bendability | Property | Requirement | Typical value | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Yield strength ReH / Rp0.2 | not specified | 280–320 MPa | bending grade | | Tensile strength Rm | ≤ 500 MPa | 350–420 MPa | | | Elongation A80 | ≥ 22 % | 28–35 % | 0.70 mm and up; 0.30–0.70 mm on agreement | | Bend test | 0 × t (180°) | passes | transverse, coating intact | | Hardness | — | 55–65 HRB | | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | EN 10142 (old) | DX51D+Z (EN 10142) | withdrawn 2004 | | DIN 17162 | St 02 Z+Z (EN 10142) | historic German | | JIS G3302 | SGCC | | | ASTM A653 | CS Type B / Commercial Steel | coating G90 ≈ Z275 | | GB/T 2518 | DX51D+Z | | ### Zinc coating classes (Z100–Z600) | Class | Zinc mass (g/m², both sides) | Thickness per side (µm) | Typical life C3 | Where used | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Z100 | 100 | ≈ 7 | 4–6 years | indoor, painted parts, ducting | | Z140 | 140 | ≈ 10 | 6–9 years | the Turkish stock standard | | Z200 | 200 | ≈ 14 | 9–13 years | roofing, outdoor cladding | | Z275 | 275 | ≈ 20 | 12–18 years | export standard, purlins, structural | | Z350 | 350 | ≈ 25 | 15–22 years | agriculture, coastal | | Z450 / Z600 | 450 / 600 | ≈ 32 / 42 | 20–35 years | highway, marine, ground contact | _Life = time to 5 % red rust per ISO 9223 C3 (0.7–2.1 µm zinc loss per year); halve it for C4 industrial-coastal, double it for C2 rural. Spangle: normal (N) or minimised (M); surface quality A (normal) or B (improved, for painting); surface treatment C (chemical passivation), O (oiled), CO (both)._ ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 0.30–0.50 mm | coil 1 000 / 1 250 mm; sheet 2 000–3 000 mm | stock Z140, Z275 5–10 days | | 0.60–1.20 mm | coil 1 000 / 1 250 / 1 500 mm; sheet to 6 000 | stock Z140 | | 1.50–2.50 mm | coil 1 250 / 1 500 mm; sheet 2 500 / 3 000 / 6 000 | stock Z140 | | 3.0–4.0 mm | coil 1 250 / 1 500 mm; sheet 2 500 / 6 000 | stock, limited | | slit strip | any width 20–1 500 mm | slitting in Dilovası 3–5 days | ### Weight per m² and per sheet | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 000 × 2 000 (kg) | 1 250 × 2 500 (kg) | 1 500 × 3 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 0.3 mm | 2.50 | 5.0 | 7.8 | 11.2 | | 0.4 mm | 3.28 | 6.6 | 10.3 | 14.8 | | 0.5 mm | 4.07 | 8.1 | 12.7 | 18.3 | | 0.6 mm | 4.85 | 9.7 | 15.2 | 21.8 | | 0.7 mm | 5.64 | 11.3 | 17.6 | 25.4 | | 0.8 mm | 6.42 | 12.8 | 20.1 | 28.9 | | 1 mm | 7.99 | 16.0 | 25.0 | 36.0 | | 1.2 mm | 9.56 | 19.1 | 29.9 | 43.0 | | 1.5 mm | 11.92 | 23.8 | 37.2 | 53.6 | | 2 mm | 15.84 | 31.7 | 49.5 | 71.3 | | 2.5 mm | 19.77 | 39.5 | 61.8 | 88.9 | | 3 mm | 23.69 | 47.4 | 74.0 | 106.6 | | 4 mm | 31.54 | 63.1 | 98.6 | 141.9 | _Includes Z140 coating (≈ 0.14 kg/m²); add 0.135 kg/m² for Z275. Tolerances to EN 10143._ ### Forming, welding and painting DX51D bends flat on itself (0 × t) at any stock thickness and roll-forms into trapezoidal, C, Z and omega profiles without cracking the zinc; keep tool clearance 8–10 % for punching to avoid zinc pick-up. Spot, seam and MAG welding work with fume extraction (zinc oxide) and slightly higher current; the zinc burns back 1–2 mm from the weld and must be touched up with zinc-rich paint. Lock-seaming, riveting and clinching are preferred for ducts and enclosures. For painting order surface quality B with chemical passivation C or a phosphate-free pretreatment; oiled (O) coils need degreasing. Do not hot-form: zinc melts at 419 °C. ### Where it is used - Trapezoidal and corrugated roofing and cladding sheet - C and Z purlins, omega and light-gauge framing profiles - HVAC ducting, plenums and cable trays - Electrical enclosures, cabinets and appliance panels - Silo, grain-bin and water-tank panels - General galvanized sheet for fabrication and export ### DX51D vs DX52D / DX53D — which forming grade DX51D bends; DX52D draws; DX53D deep-draws. If the part is bent, folded or roll-formed, DX51D is the right and cheapest grade. If it is pressed into a shallow pan, a tray or a stiffened panel, DX52D with its guaranteed yield window (140–300 MPa) and 26 % elongation avoids splits. Deep-drawn sinks, cups and automotive-type parts need DX53D or DX54D. For roofing and purlins with a strength requirement the structural S250GD–S350GD grades replace DX51D. ### Price DX51D is the base of the galvanized list. The bands below are the month's indicative FOB Istanbul ranges by thickness — thin gauges cost more per ton because of rolling and zinc share. Z275 adds about 8 % over Z140; slitting and cut-to-length are priced per ton. - DX51D+Z · 0.30–0.50 mm: USD 880–1050 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - DX51D+Z · 0.60–1.00 mm: USD 780–940 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - DX51D+Z · 1.20–4.00 mm: USD 760–880 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Packing of DX51D galvanized steel: coils on cradles (eye-to-sky, VCI wrap, four straps, 5–25 t) or sheet packs on skids up to 3 t with interleaving paper and corner protectors; 20' ≈ one coil (≤ 20 t), 40' HC ≈ two coils or 24 t of sheet. Tariff 7210 / 7209 / 7208. - Moq: One coil (5–20 t) or 5 t of sheet - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock 0.30–4.0 mm Z140: 3–5 working days; Z275 and slit widths 5–10 days - Packing: Coil eye-to-sky on cradle, VCI wrap; sheet on skids ≤ 3 t - Container: 20' one coil ≤ 20 t; 40' HC two coils or 24 t sheet - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing Documentation for DX51D galvanized steel: EN 10204 3.1 mill certificate as standard (heat number, analysis, tensile, Charpy, condition); 3.2 with an independent inspector, EN 10160 UT reports and additional low-temperature Charpy tests are available on plates above 8 mm at order. ### How to order Specify thickness × width (coil) or × length (sheet), coating (Z140 / Z200 / Z275), spangle (N / M), surface (A / B), treatment (C / O / CO), coil weight limit and tonnage; slit widths and cut lengths are done in Dilovası. ### FAQ **What is DX51D material?** The standard hot-dip galvanized low-carbon steel for bending and roll-forming to EN 10346 (material number 1.0226), supplied with a Z100–Z275 zinc coating as coil, sheet or slit strip in 0.30–4.0 mm. **What is the yield strength of DX51D?** EN 10346 does not guarantee a yield value for DX51D — only tensile ≤ 500 MPa and elongation ≥ 22 %; typical yield is 280–320 MPa. For a guaranteed yield use DX52D (140–300 MPa) or the structural S250GD–S350GD grades. **What does DX51D+Z275 mean?** DX51D grade with a hot-dip zinc coating of 275 g/m² total on both sides (about 20 µm per side) — the export standard for roofing and outdoor use; Z140 is the Turkish stock standard. **What is the ASTM equivalent of DX51D?** ASTM A653 CS Type B (Commercial Steel) with G90 coating (≈ Z275); JIS G3302 SGCC is the Japanese equivalent. **Can DX51D be welded?** Yes — spot, seam and MAG welding with fume extraction; the zinc burns back at the weld and is repaired with zinc-rich paint. Lock-seaming and riveting avoid the issue on ducts. **What is the difference between DX51D and DX52D?** DX52D has a guaranteed yield window (140–300 MPa), higher elongation (26 %) and tighter chemistry for drawing; DX51D is the cheaper bending grade without a yield guarantee. ## DX52D Galvanized Steel URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/coated/dx52d-galvanized-steel/ The moment a galvanized part is pressed rather than bent — a switchgear door with stiffening ribs, a water-heater jacket, a shallow tray — DX51D starts to crack at the corners and the press shop asks for DX52D. Same zinc, same thickness range, a cleaner and softer steel underneath. We order it against your tonnage with the coating and surface you specify. ### What is DX52D galvanized steel? DX52D is the first EN 10346 grade with a guaranteed yield range — 140 to 300 MPa — and a minimum elongation of 26 %, which is what a press shop needs to predict spring-back and drawing behaviour. It is produced from a cleaner, lower-carbon heat than DX51D (C ≤ 0.12 %, P ≤ 0.10 %) on a cold-rolled substrate (the mill may mark it DC-based), then hot-dip galvanized with the same Z100–Z275 coatings. The result is a sheet that draws into shallow pans, embossed panels and stiffened doors, forms hems and flanges without edge cracking, and gives a smooth surface for painting. It sits between the commodity DX51D and the deep-drawing DX53D/DX54D in both cost and formability; for most enclosure, appliance and HVAC pressings it is the economical choice. Substrate thickness 0.40–3.0 mm; supplied with minimised spangle (M) and surface quality B for parts that will be painted. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Ti | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | 0.12 | 0.50 | 0.60 | 0.10 | 0.045 | 0.30 | _Typical heat: C 0.03–0.05, Mn 0.20, Al-killed._ ### Mechanical properties and drawability | Property | Requirement | Typical value | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Yield strength Rp0.2 | 140–300 MPa | 180–240 MPa | guaranteed window | | Tensile strength Rm | 270–420 MPa | 300–360 MPa | | | Elongation A80 | ≥ 26 % | 30–38 % | | | Bend test | 0 × t (180°) | passes | | | r-value / n-value | not specified | r ≈ 1.2, n ≈ 0.18 | shallow drawing | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | EN 10142 (old) | DX52D+Z (EN 10142) | withdrawn 2004 | | DIN 17162 | St 03 Z+Z (EN 10142) | historic German | | JIS G3302 | SGCD1 | | | ASTM A653 | FS Type B / Forming Steel | coating G90 ≈ Z275 | | GB/T 2518 | DX52D+Z | | ### Zinc coating classes (Z100–Z600) | Class | Zinc mass (g/m², both sides) | Thickness per side (µm) | Typical life C3 | Where used | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Z100 | 100 | ≈ 7 | 4–6 years | indoor, painted parts, ducting | | Z140 | 140 | ≈ 10 | 6–9 years | the Turkish stock standard | | Z200 | 200 | ≈ 14 | 9–13 years | roofing, outdoor cladding | | Z275 | 275 | ≈ 20 | 12–18 years | export standard, purlins, structural | | Z350 | 350 | ≈ 25 | 15–22 years | agriculture, coastal | | Z450 / Z600 | 450 / 600 | ≈ 32 / 42 | 20–35 years | highway, marine, ground contact | _Life = time to 5 % red rust per ISO 9223 C3 (0.7–2.1 µm zinc loss per year); halve it for C4 industrial-coastal, double it for C2 rural. Spangle: normal (N) or minimised (M); surface quality A (normal) or B (improved, for painting); surface treatment C (chemical passivation), O (oiled), CO (both)._ ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 0.40–0.80 mm | coil 1 000 / 1 250 mm; sheet to 3 000 | to order 2–3 weeks | | 1.0–2.0 mm | coil 1 000 / 1 250 / 1 500 mm; sheet to 6 000 | to order 2–3 weeks | | 2.5–3.0 mm | coil 1 250 / 1 500 mm | to order 3 weeks | ### Weight per m² and per sheet | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 000 × 2 000 (kg) | 1 250 × 2 500 (kg) | 1 500 × 3 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 0.4 mm | 3.28 | 6.6 | 10.3 | 14.8 | | 0.5 mm | 4.07 | 8.1 | 12.7 | 18.3 | | 0.6 mm | 4.85 | 9.7 | 15.2 | 21.8 | | 0.7 mm | 5.64 | 11.3 | 17.6 | 25.4 | | 0.8 mm | 6.42 | 12.8 | 20.1 | 28.9 | | 1 mm | 7.99 | 16.0 | 25.0 | 36.0 | | 1.2 mm | 9.56 | 19.1 | 29.9 | 43.0 | | 1.5 mm | 11.92 | 23.8 | 37.2 | 53.6 | | 2 mm | 15.84 | 31.7 | 49.5 | 71.3 | | 2.5 mm | 19.77 | 39.5 | 61.8 | 88.9 | | 3 mm | 23.69 | 47.4 | 74.0 | 106.6 | _Includes Z140 coating; add 0.135 kg/m² for Z275._ ### Forming, welding and painting Shallow drawing and stretch-forming with draw ratios up to about 1.8, embossing and beading without orange-peel thanks to the fine grain; use zinc-compatible lubricant and polished tools to avoid galling. Hems close flat (0 × t). Spot and projection welding as for DX51D with fume extraction; MAG on thicker gauges with zinc-rich repair. For painting specify quality B, minimised spangle and passivation C or a chromate-free pretreatment; powder coating adheres well after alkaline degreasing. ### Where it is used - Pressed enclosure doors, panels and switchgear parts - Water-heater and boiler jackets - HVAC pans, drip trays and stiffened plenums - Appliance housings and washing-machine panels - Embossed cladding and shutter slats - Shallow-drawn trays, boxes and lids ### DX52D vs DX51D vs DX53D DX51D has no yield guarantee and is for bending; DX52D guarantees 140–300 MPa and 26 % elongation for shallow drawing; DX53D narrows the window (140–260 MPa) and raises elongation to 30 % for deep drawing. Price steps are about 20 USD/t each. Order the lowest grade that forms the part without splitting — most enclosure pressings are DX52D territory. ### Price DX52D is priced about 20 USD/t over DX51D of the same thickness and coating; the bands below are indicative FOB Istanbul for mill-order coil. Slitting and cut-to-length in Dilovası are extra. - DX52D+Z · 0.40–1.00 mm: USD 800–960 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - DX52D+Z · 1.20–3.00 mm: USD 780–900 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing DX52D galvanized steel ships as coil — eye-to-sky on a wooden cradle, 5–25 t per coil, VCI paper and steel strapping — or as cut sheet on skids of 2–3 t with paper interleaving and edge protectors. A 20' takes one coil up to 20 t; a 40' HC two coils or 24 t of sheet. HS 7210 / 7209 / 7208 by product. - Moq: One coil (10–20 t) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: To order 2–3 weeks (Turkish mill programme) - Packing: Coil eye-to-sky on cradle, VCI wrap; sheet on skids ≤ 3 t - Container: 20' one coil ≤ 20 t; 40' HC two coils or 24 t sheet - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing DX52D galvanized steel ships with EN 10204 3.1 certificates cross-referenced to the stencilled heat numbers. Where the project requires it we arrange 3.2 certification with Lloyd's, BV, TÜV or SGS, ultrasonic examination to EN 10160 and Charpy testing at the temperature you specify. ### How to order Specify thickness × width × (length), coating class, spangle M, surface quality B, treatment (C / O / CO), the part type (so we can confirm the grade) and tonnage; mill slot confirmed within a day. ### FAQ **What is DX52D?** The drawing-quality hot-dip galvanized steel of EN 10346 (1.0350): guaranteed yield 140–300 MPa, elongation ≥ 26 %, for pressed and shallow-drawn parts; coating Z100–Z275. **What is the difference between DX51D and DX52D?** DX52D has a guaranteed yield window and 26 % elongation with lower carbon and phosphorus; DX51D is the bending grade without a yield guarantee. DX52D costs about 20 USD/t more. **What is the ASTM equivalent of DX52D?** ASTM A653 FS Type B (Forming Steel); JIS G3302 SGCD1. **Is DX52D in stock?** No — it is rolled to order in 2–3 weeks; DX51D is the stock grade and covers bending and roll-forming. ## DX53D Galvanized Steel URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/coated/dx53d-galvanized-steel/ DX53D is where galvanized sheet stops being a construction material and becomes a pressing material: the grade for drawn lamp housings, extractor hoods, water-heater cups and automotive brackets. We source it from Erdemir and EU lines against your part and tonnage, with the minimised-spangle, paint-ready surface a press shop expects. ### What is DX53D galvanized steel? DX53D is the third forming level in EN 10346: after DX51D (bending) and DX52D (drawing) comes deep drawing. The substrate is an aluminium-killed, extra-low-carbon cold-rolled steel whose grain and texture are controlled during annealing to give a high plastic strain ratio (r ≈ 1.5–1.8) and a low yield ratio — the steel thins uniformly instead of necking, so it can be drawn to a depth greater than its diameter. The standard guarantees yield 140–260 MPa, tensile 270–380 MPa and 30 % elongation (A80), and mills add a non-ageing guarantee so the sheet does not develop stretcher strains after months in stock. The zinc coating is the same Z100–Z275 family, usually ordered minimised-spangle with surface quality B; the coating itself must survive the draw, which is why coating class and lubricant are specified together with the grade. DX53D covers most deep-drawn galvanized parts; DX54D (r ≥ 1.6, 36 %) and DX56D/57D exist for the extreme automotive cases. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Ti | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | 0.10 | 0.50 | 0.60 | 0.08 | 0.030 | 0.30 | _Typical heat: C 0.02–0.04, Mn 0.15–0.20, Al 0.03–0.06 (killed)._ ### Mechanical properties and deep-drawing indices | Property | Requirement | Typical value | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Yield strength Rp0.2 | 140–260 MPa | 160–210 MPa | | | Tensile strength Rm | 270–380 MPa | 290–340 MPa | | | Elongation A80 | ≥ 30 % | 34–42 % | | | r90 (plastic strain ratio) | not specified | ≈ 1.6 | DX54D guarantees ≥ 1.6 | | n90 (hardening exponent) | not specified | ≈ 0.20 | | | Ageing | non-ageing on agreement | 6 months | | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | EN 10142 (old) | DX53D+Z (EN 10142) | withdrawn 2004 | | DIN 17162 | St 05 Z+Z (EN 10142) | historic German | | JIS G3302 | SGCD2 | | | ASTM A653 | DDS Type A / Deep Drawing Steel | coating G90 ≈ Z275 | | GB/T 2518 | DX53D+Z | | ### Zinc coating classes (Z100–Z600) | Class | Zinc mass (g/m², both sides) | Thickness per side (µm) | Typical life C3 | Where used | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Z100 | 100 | ≈ 7 | 4–6 years | indoor, painted parts, ducting | | Z140 | 140 | ≈ 10 | 6–9 years | the Turkish stock standard | | Z200 | 200 | ≈ 14 | 9–13 years | roofing, outdoor cladding | | Z275 | 275 | ≈ 20 | 12–18 years | export standard, purlins, structural | | Z350 | 350 | ≈ 25 | 15–22 years | agriculture, coastal | | Z450 / Z600 | 450 / 600 | ≈ 32 / 42 | 20–35 years | highway, marine, ground contact | _Life = time to 5 % red rust per ISO 9223 C3 (0.7–2.1 µm zinc loss per year); halve it for C4 industrial-coastal, double it for C2 rural. Spangle: normal (N) or minimised (M); surface quality A (normal) or B (improved, for painting); surface treatment C (chemical passivation), O (oiled), CO (both)._ ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 0.40–0.80 mm | coil 1 000 / 1 250 mm; blanks to size | to order 3–4 weeks | | 1.0–2.0 mm | coil 1 000 / 1 250 / 1 500 mm | to order 3–4 weeks | ### Weight per m² and per sheet | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 000 × 2 000 (kg) | 1 250 × 2 500 (kg) | 1 500 × 3 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 0.4 mm | 3.28 | 6.6 | 10.3 | 14.8 | | 0.5 mm | 4.07 | 8.1 | 12.7 | 18.3 | | 0.6 mm | 4.85 | 9.7 | 15.2 | 21.8 | | 0.7 mm | 5.64 | 11.3 | 17.6 | 25.4 | | 0.8 mm | 6.42 | 12.8 | 20.1 | 28.9 | | 1 mm | 7.99 | 16.0 | 25.0 | 36.0 | | 1.2 mm | 9.56 | 19.1 | 29.9 | 43.0 | | 1.5 mm | 11.92 | 23.8 | 37.2 | 53.6 | | 2 mm | 15.84 | 31.7 | 49.5 | 71.3 | _Includes Z140 coating; add 0.135 kg/m² for Z275._ ### Forming, welding and painting Draw ratios to about 2.0 in one stage; use drawing oil compatible with zinc, polished or coated tools and adequate blank-holder force to avoid wrinkling — the low yield makes the sheet prone to it. The coating stays intact through the draw when Z140–Z200 and minimised spangle are chosen; heavy Z275 on deep parts may flake at sharp radii. Spot welding with pulsed current; MAG with fume extraction. Paint after degreasing; passivation C or a thin organic coating (TOC) on request. ### Where it is used - Deep-drawn housings, cups and cylinders - Extractor hoods, lamp and luminaire bodies - Water-heater inner cups and appliance drums - Automotive and trailer brackets and reinforcements - Fuel-tank and reservoir shells (non-pressure) - Complex HVAC and ventilation pressings ### DX53D vs DX54D DX54D tightens the yield window to 120–220 MPa, raises elongation to 36 % and guarantees r90 ≥ 1.6 and n90 ≥ 0.18 — the automotive deep-drawing level for body panels and the deepest cups. DX53D covers everything short of that at a lower price and shorter lead time. If the part has drawn successfully in DX53D-class material before, stay with it; move to DX54D only when a draw ratio above 2 or an r-value requirement is written into the specification. For shallower parts, DX52D is enough. ### Price DX53D is priced about 40 USD/t over DX51D; the band below is indicative FOB Istanbul for mill-order coil in the usual 0.40–2.0 mm range. - DX53D+Z · 0.40–2.0 mm: USD 820–980 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Packing of DX53D galvanized steel: coils on cradles (eye-to-sky, VCI wrap, four straps, 5–25 t) or sheet packs on skids up to 3 t with interleaving paper and corner protectors; 20' ≈ one coil (≤ 20 t), 40' HC ≈ two coils or 24 t of sheet. Tariff 7210 / 7209 / 7208. - Moq: One coil (10–20 t) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: To order 3–4 weeks - Packing: Coil eye-to-sky on cradle, VCI wrap, paper interleaved sheet on skids - Container: 20' one coil ≤ 20 t; 40' HC two coils - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing Every lot of DX53D galvanized steel carries an EN 10204 3.1 inspection certificate listing heat, chemistry, mechanical and impact results. On request we add 3.2 witnessing by a classification society or inspector, EN 10160 ultrasonic testing and supplementary impact tests at the customer's design temperature. ### How to order Specify thickness × width, coating class and spangle, surface B, treatment (O for pressing), non-ageing requirement, the part drawing if available, and tonnage; mill slot within one working day. ### FAQ **What is DX53D steel?** The deep-drawing hot-dip galvanized steel of EN 10346 (1.0355): Al-killed extra-low-carbon substrate, yield 140–260 MPa, elongation ≥ 30 %, r-value about 1.6, coating Z100–Z275. **What is the ASTM equivalent of DX53D?** ASTM A653 DDS Type A (Deep Drawing Steel); JIS G3302 SGCD2. **What is the difference between DX53D and DX54D?** DX54D has a narrower yield window (120–220 MPa), 36 % elongation and guaranteed r90 ≥ 1.6 / n90 ≥ 0.18 for automotive-class deep drawing; DX53D is the general deep-drawing grade. **Which zinc coating for deep drawing?** Z140–Z200 with minimised spangle keeps the coating intact in deep draws; Z275 may flake at sharp radii on deep parts. ## DX54D Galvanized Steel URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/coated/dx54d-galvanized-steel/ DX54D is the specialist: when a part is drawn deeper than its diameter, or the drawing says r ≥ 1.6, no other galvanized grade will do. It is an automotive-industry material produced on a few EU and Turkish lines, ordered by heat, and we handle it as a project item with the surface, coating and lubricant the press shop specifies. ### What is DX54D galvanized steel? DX54D is the fourth forming level of EN 10346 and the first with guaranteed drawing indices: r90 ≥ 1.6 (the sheet resists thinning and flows from the flange) and n90 ≥ 0.18 (it work-hardens evenly and spreads strain). To reach those values the substrate is an ultra-low-carbon (≤ 0.06 %, typically 0.002–0.02 %) aluminium-killed or interstitial-free steel, annealed for a strong {111} texture; the result is a yield of only 120–220 MPa with 36 % elongation and complete freedom from ageing. It is the material of galvanized automotive body panels, deep-drawn appliance drums and housings, and any part with a draw ratio above 2. The zinc coating is ordered thin and minimised-spangle (Z100–Z140 M) to survive the draw; Z275 is available for non-automotive use. Above DX54D the standard lists DX56D and DX57D for the most extreme automotive parts — available on request from the same lines. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Ti | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | 0.06 | 0.50 | 0.35 | 0.06 | 0.025 | 0.30 | _Typical IF heat: C 0.002–0.005, Ti 0.05–0.08, Mn 0.10; Al-killed heats C 0.02._ ### Mechanical properties and deep-drawing indices | Property | Requirement | Typical value | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Yield strength Rp0.2 | 120–220 MPa | 140–180 MPa | | | Tensile strength Rm | 260–350 MPa | 280–320 MPa | | | Elongation A80 | ≥ 36 % | 38–45 % | | | r90 | ≥ 1.6 | 1.8–2.2 | guaranteed | | n90 | ≥ 0.18 | 0.20–0.24 | guaranteed | | Ageing | non-ageing | indefinite (IF) | | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | EN 10142 (old) | DX54D+Z (EN 10142) | withdrawn 2004 | | DIN 17162 | St 06 Z+Z (EN 10142) | historic German | | JIS G3302 | SGCD3 | | | ASTM A653 | EDDS / Extra Deep Drawing Steel | coating G90 ≈ Z275 | | GB/T 2518 | DX54D+Z | | ### Zinc coating classes (Z100–Z600) | Class | Zinc mass (g/m², both sides) | Thickness per side (µm) | Typical life C3 | Where used | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Z100 | 100 | ≈ 7 | 4–6 years | indoor, painted parts, ducting | | Z140 | 140 | ≈ 10 | 6–9 years | the Turkish stock standard | | Z200 | 200 | ≈ 14 | 9–13 years | roofing, outdoor cladding | | Z275 | 275 | ≈ 20 | 12–18 years | export standard, purlins, structural | | Z350 | 350 | ≈ 25 | 15–22 years | agriculture, coastal | | Z450 / Z600 | 450 / 600 | ≈ 32 / 42 | 20–35 years | highway, marine, ground contact | _Life = time to 5 % red rust per ISO 9223 C3 (0.7–2.1 µm zinc loss per year); halve it for C4 industrial-coastal, double it for C2 rural. Spangle: normal (N) or minimised (M); surface quality A (normal) or B (improved, for painting); surface treatment C (chemical passivation), O (oiled), CO (both)._ ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 0.50–1.0 mm | coil 1 000 / 1 250 / 1 500 mm | to order 4–6 weeks | | 1.2–2.0 mm | coil 1 250 / 1 500 mm | to order 4–6 weeks | ### Weight per m² and per sheet | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 000 × 2 000 (kg) | 1 250 × 2 500 (kg) | 1 500 × 3 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 0.5 mm | 4.07 | 8.1 | 12.7 | 18.3 | | 0.6 mm | 4.85 | 9.7 | 15.2 | 21.8 | | 0.7 mm | 5.64 | 11.3 | 17.6 | 25.4 | | 0.8 mm | 6.42 | 12.8 | 20.1 | 28.9 | | 1 mm | 7.99 | 16.0 | 25.0 | 36.0 | | 1.2 mm | 9.56 | 19.1 | 29.9 | 43.0 | | 1.5 mm | 11.92 | 23.8 | 37.2 | 53.6 | | 2 mm | 15.84 | 31.7 | 49.5 | 71.3 | _Includes Z140 coating; add 0.135 kg/m² for Z275._ ### Forming, welding and painting Draw ratios above 2.0 and multi-stage draws without intermediate annealing; low blank-holder force, generous punch radii (≥ 4 × t) and zinc-compatible lubricant. IF steel is soft — protect the surface from handling marks and order paper interleaving. Spot welding with pulsed schedules; laser welding of tailored blanks is routine. Paint systems as for DX53D; the surface (quality B, minimised spangle) is the basis for automotive e-coat. ### Where it is used - Automotive body panels and structural inner parts - Deep-drawn appliance drums, tubs and housings - Cups, cylinders and cans drawn deeper than their diameter - Luminaire and reflector bodies - Complex multi-stage pressings for HVAC and electrical equipment ### DX54D vs DX53D vs DC04 DX53D is the general deep-drawing grade without guaranteed r/n values; DX54D adds those guarantees and a lower, narrower yield window at a premium of about 30 USD/t. The uncoated counterpart is DC04 (EN 10130) — same drawing class, no zinc — used when the part is painted or plated afterwards. ### Price DX54D is an imported automotive-class grade, priced about 70 USD/t over DX51D; the band below is indicative FOB Istanbul for mill-order coil. - DX54D+Z · 0.50–2.0 mm: USD 850–1010 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing We load DX54D galvanized steel as slit or master coils on cradles (VCI paper, strapped, 5–25 t) or as cut-to-length sheet on skids (≤ 3 t, interleaved, edge boards); a 20' container carries one coil to 20 t, a 40' HC two coils or 24 t of sheet. HS 7210 / 7209 / 7208. - Moq: One coil (10–20 t) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Imported to order 4–6 weeks - Packing: Coil eye-to-sky on cradle, VCI wrap, edge protection - Container: 20' one coil ≤ 20 t; 40' HC two coils - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing DX54D galvanized steel ships with EN 10204 3.1 certificates cross-referenced to the stencilled heat numbers. Where the project requires it we arrange 3.2 certification with Lloyd's, BV, TÜV or SGS, ultrasonic examination to EN 10160 and Charpy testing at the temperature you specify. ### How to order Specify thickness × width, coating (Z100–Z140 M for deep parts), surface B, treatment O, r/n certification, non-ageing, the part drawing and tonnage; we confirm the mill and delivery within one working day. ### FAQ **What is DX54D?** The extra-deep-drawing hot-dip galvanized steel of EN 10346 (1.0306): ultra-low-carbon substrate, yield 120–220 MPa, elongation ≥ 36 %, guaranteed r90 ≥ 1.6 and n90 ≥ 0.18, coating Z100–Z275. **What is the ASTM equivalent of DX54D?** ASTM A653 EDDS (Extra Deep Drawing Steel); JIS G3302 SGCD3. **Is DX54D interstitial-free steel?** Usually — mills reach the r-value requirement with Ti-stabilised IF steel (C ≈ 0.003 %); Al-killed ultra-low-carbon heats can also qualify. **What is the lead time for DX54D?** 4–6 weeks — it is produced on specific EU and Turkish lines against order; it is not a stock item. ## S220GD Galvanized Steel URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/coated/s220gd-galvanized-steel/ S220GD is the bridge between the commodity DX51D and the purlin grades S280–S350GD: same rolling lines, same zinc, but a certificate with a yield number on it. Light-gauge steel framers and cable-tray makers order it when their calculations need a guaranteed 220 MPa and their tooling prefers a softer strip than S350GD. ### What is S220GD galvanized steel? EN 10346 has two families: the D grades (DX51D–DX57D) defined by formability, and the S grades (S220GD–S550GD) defined by strength — S for structural, the number for minimum yield in MPa, GD for hot-dip coated. S220GD is the softest structural grade: yield ≥ 220 MPa, tensile ≥ 300 MPa, elongation ≥ 20 % (A80), bend radius 0.5 × t. In practice its mechanical values overlap with a good DX51D heat, but the certificate guarantees them, which is what EN 1993-1-3 (cold-formed steel design) requires before a section property can be used in a calculation. It is produced from low-carbon (≤ 0.20 %) strip, hot- or cold-rolled, and coated with the same Z100–Z275 zinc classes. Typical products are light-gauge framing studs and tracks, cable trays and ladders, shelving profiles, roofing and wall sheets and drywall systems — parts where strength matters but the 350 MPa of S350GD would make the strip too hard to form on light tooling. It substitutes upward without question: S250GD or S280GD from stock may be delivered against an S220GD order. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | 0.20 | 0.60 | 1.70 | 0.10 | 0.045 | _Typical heat: C 0.05–0.08, Mn 0.30–0.50._ ### Mechanical properties | Property | Requirement | Typical value | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Yield strength ReH / Rp0.2 | ≥ 220 MPa | 250–300 MPa | design value fyb = 220 | | Tensile strength Rm | ≥ 300 MPa | 340–400 MPa | | | Elongation A80 | ≥ 20 % | 25–32 % | | | Bend radius (180°) | 0.5 × t | passes | transverse | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | EN 10147 (old) | S220GD+Z | withdrawn | | ASTM A653 | SS Grade 33 (230 MPa) | Structural Steel | | JIS G3302 | SGC340 | | | GB/T 2518 | S220GD+Z | | | EN 10346 | S250GD / S280GD | upward substitutes | ### Zinc coating classes (Z100–Z600) | Class | Zinc mass (g/m², both sides) | Thickness per side (µm) | Typical life C3 | Where used | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Z100 | 100 | ≈ 7 | 4–6 years | indoor, painted parts, ducting | | Z140 | 140 | ≈ 10 | 6–9 years | the Turkish stock standard | | Z200 | 200 | ≈ 14 | 9–13 years | roofing, outdoor cladding | | Z275 | 275 | ≈ 20 | 12–18 years | export standard, purlins, structural | | Z350 | 350 | ≈ 25 | 15–22 years | agriculture, coastal | | Z450 / Z600 | 450 / 600 | ≈ 32 / 42 | 20–35 years | highway, marine, ground contact | _Life = time to 5 % red rust per ISO 9223 C3 (0.7–2.1 µm zinc loss per year); halve it for C4 industrial-coastal, double it for C2 rural. Spangle: normal (N) or minimised (M); surface quality A (normal) or B (improved, for painting); surface treatment C (chemical passivation), O (oiled), CO (both)._ ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 0.40–0.80 mm | coil 1 000 / 1 250 mm; slit strips | to order 2–3 weeks | | 1.0–2.0 mm | coil 1 000 / 1 250 / 1 500 mm | to order 2–3 weeks | | 2.5–3.0 mm | coil 1 250 / 1 500 mm | to order 3 weeks | | any | S250GD / S280GD from stock as substitute | 3–5 days | ### Weight per m² and per sheet | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 000 × 2 000 (kg) | 1 250 × 2 500 (kg) | 1 500 × 3 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 0.4 mm | 3.42 | 6.8 | 10.7 | 15.4 | | 0.5 mm | 4.20 | 8.4 | 13.1 | 18.9 | | 0.6 mm | 4.99 | 10.0 | 15.6 | 22.4 | | 0.7 mm | 5.77 | 11.5 | 18.0 | 26.0 | | 0.8 mm | 6.56 | 13.1 | 20.5 | 29.5 | | 1 mm | 8.13 | 16.3 | 25.4 | 36.6 | | 1.2 mm | 9.70 | 19.4 | 30.3 | 43.6 | | 1.5 mm | 12.05 | 24.1 | 37.7 | 54.2 | | 2 mm | 15.98 | 32.0 | 49.9 | 71.9 | | 2.5 mm | 19.90 | 39.8 | 62.2 | 89.6 | | 3 mm | 23.83 | 47.7 | 74.5 | 107.2 | _Includes Z275 coating (≈ 0.275 kg/m²); subtract 0.135 kg/m² for Z140._ ### Forming, welding and design Roll-forms and brake-presses like DX51D (bend radius 0.5 × t); spring-back slightly higher. Spot and MAG welding with zinc fume extraction and post-weld touch-up; self-drilling screws, rivets and clinching are the usual joints in light-gauge framing. Design to EN 1993-1-3 with fyb = 220 MPa and fu = 300 MPa; the zinc coating is not counted in the core thickness (subtract the coating from the nominal thickness: Z275 ≈ 0.04 mm). ### Where it is used - Light-gauge steel framing studs and tracks - Cable trays, ladders and support channels - Shelving and racking profiles - Roofing and wall cladding with a strength specification - Drywall and ceiling systems (heavier gauges) - Greenhouse and agricultural structures ### S220GD vs DX51D vs S250GD DX51D has no yield guarantee and is cheaper; S220GD guarantees 220 MPa for the same forming behaviour; S250GD guarantees 250 MPa and is what we stock. Unless the specification names S220GD, S250GD is the practical order — same price class, immediately available, and it satisfies every S220GD requirement. ### Price S220GD is priced about 10 USD/t over DX51D; the bands below are indicative FOB Istanbul for mill-order coil by thickness. - S220GD+Z · 0.40–1.00 mm: USD 790–950 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - S220GD+Z · 1.20–3.00 mm: USD 770–890 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing S220GD galvanized steel ships as coil — eye-to-sky on a wooden cradle, 5–25 t per coil, VCI paper and steel strapping — or as cut sheet on skids of 2–3 t with paper interleaving and edge protectors. A 20' takes one coil up to 20 t; a 40' HC two coils or 24 t of sheet. HS 7210 / 7209 / 7208 by product. - Moq: One coil (10–20 t) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: To order 2–3 weeks; S250GD from stock as substitute - Packing: Coil eye-to-sky, VCI wrap; slit coils on pallets - Container: 20' one coil ≤ 20 t; 40' HC two coils - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing S220GD galvanized steel ships with EN 10204 3.1 certificates cross-referenced to the stencilled heat numbers. Where the project requires it we arrange 3.2 certification with Lloyd's, BV, TÜV or SGS, ultrasonic examination to EN 10160 and Charpy testing at the temperature you specify. ### How to order Specify thickness × width, coating, surface and treatment, slit widths if any, and whether S250GD/S280GD from stock is acceptable as an upward substitute. ### FAQ **What is S220GD?** The lowest structural grade of EN 10346 hot-dip galvanized steel (1.0241): guaranteed yield ≥ 220 MPa, tensile ≥ 300 MPa, elongation ≥ 20 %, for light roll-formed structural profiles. **What is the difference between S220GD and DX51D?** S220GD guarantees a minimum yield (220 MPa) and tensile (300 MPa) for structural design; DX51D is a forming grade with only a maximum tensile and no yield guarantee. Forming behaviour is similar. **Can S250GD replace S220GD?** Yes — it exceeds every S220GD requirement and is the grade we hold in stock. **What is the ASTM equivalent of S220GD?** ASTM A653 SS Grade 33 (230 MPa yield) is the nearest structural galvanized grade. ## S250GD Galvanized Steel URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/coated/s250gd-galvanized-steel/ S250GD is the everyday structural galvanized coil: strong enough for a roof-sheet span table or a stud wall, soft enough for any roll-former, and on the floor at Dilovası in the widths a profile line needs. It is what our own trapezoidal and light-gauge lines run, and what we slit for customers who run their own. ### What is S250GD galvanized steel? S250GD is the second structural grade of EN 10346 and the one that matches what a normal galvanizing line produces from low-carbon strip without special alloying: yield 250 MPa minimum (typically 280–330), tensile 330 MPa minimum, 19 % elongation, bend radius 0.5 × t. That makes it the default strip for products sold with a load or span table — trapezoidal roofing sheet, sinusoidal sheet, light C/Z purlins, cable trays, framing studs, racking uprights and shelving — because EN 1993-1-3 needs a guaranteed yield and 250 MPa is enough for most spans up to 2–3 m. It is produced from hot- or cold-rolled substrate with Z100–Z275 (Z350 on order), normal or minimised spangle, surface A or B. In Turkey S250GD and S280GD are the volume purlin and roofing grades, which is why we stock S250GD in the roofing thicknesses (0.40–0.70 mm) and the profile thicknesses (1.0–3.0 mm) and slit it to width on our own line. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | 0.20 | 0.60 | 1.70 | 0.10 | 0.045 | _Typical heat: C 0.06–0.09, Mn 0.35–0.60._ ### Mechanical properties | Property | Requirement | Typical value | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Yield strength ReH / Rp0.2 | ≥ 250 MPa | 280–330 MPa | fyb = 250 | | Tensile strength Rm | ≥ 330 MPa | 360–420 MPa | | | Elongation A80 | ≥ 19 % | 24–30 % | | | Bend radius (180°) | 0.5 × t | passes | | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | EN 10147 (old) | S250GD+Z (Fe E 250 G) | withdrawn | | ASTM A653 | SS Grade 37 (255 MPa) | Structural Steel | | JIS G3302 | SGC400 | | | GB/T 2518 | S250GD+Z | | | EN 10346 | S280GD / S320GD | upward substitutes | ### Zinc coating classes (Z100–Z600) | Class | Zinc mass (g/m², both sides) | Thickness per side (µm) | Typical life C3 | Where used | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Z100 | 100 | ≈ 7 | 4–6 years | indoor, painted parts, ducting | | Z140 | 140 | ≈ 10 | 6–9 years | the Turkish stock standard | | Z200 | 200 | ≈ 14 | 9–13 years | roofing, outdoor cladding | | Z275 | 275 | ≈ 20 | 12–18 years | export standard, purlins, structural | | Z350 | 350 | ≈ 25 | 15–22 years | agriculture, coastal | | Z450 / Z600 | 450 / 600 | ≈ 32 / 42 | 20–35 years | highway, marine, ground contact | _Life = time to 5 % red rust per ISO 9223 C3 (0.7–2.1 µm zinc loss per year); halve it for C4 industrial-coastal, double it for C2 rural. Spangle: normal (N) or minimised (M); surface quality A (normal) or B (improved, for painting); surface treatment C (chemical passivation), O (oiled), CO (both)._ ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 0.40–0.70 mm | coil 1 000 / 1 250 mm (roofing widths) | stock Z140 and Z275 | | 0.80–1.20 mm | coil 1 000 / 1 250 / 1 500 mm | stock Z140; Z275 5–8 days | | 1.5–3.0 mm | coil 1 250 / 1 500 mm | stock Z140, limited Z275 | | slit strip | 20–1 500 mm | slitting in Dilovası 3–5 days | ### Weight per m² and per sheet | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 000 × 2 000 (kg) | 1 250 × 2 500 (kg) | 1 500 × 3 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 0.4 mm | 3.42 | 6.8 | 10.7 | 15.4 | | 0.5 mm | 4.20 | 8.4 | 13.1 | 18.9 | | 0.6 mm | 4.99 | 10.0 | 15.6 | 22.4 | | 0.7 mm | 5.77 | 11.5 | 18.0 | 26.0 | | 0.8 mm | 6.56 | 13.1 | 20.5 | 29.5 | | 1 mm | 8.13 | 16.3 | 25.4 | 36.6 | | 1.2 mm | 9.70 | 19.4 | 30.3 | 43.6 | | 1.5 mm | 12.05 | 24.1 | 37.7 | 54.2 | | 2 mm | 15.98 | 32.0 | 49.9 | 71.9 | | 2.5 mm | 19.90 | 39.8 | 62.2 | 89.6 | | 3 mm | 23.83 | 47.7 | 74.5 | 107.2 | _Includes Z275 coating; subtract 0.135 kg/m² for Z140._ ### Forming, welding and design Roll-forms into trapezoidal, sinusoidal, C, Z, sigma and omega profiles on standard tooling; brake-press bends at 0.5 × t; spring-back a few degrees more than DX51D. Screw, rivet, clinch or spot-weld; MAG with fume extraction and zinc-rich touch-up. Design to EN 1993-1-3 with fyb = 250 MPa, fu = 330 MPa, core thickness = nominal − zinc (Z275 ≈ 0.04 mm). Cut-to-length and slitting on our lines; profile drawings for our own roll-forming are welcome. ### Where it is used - Trapezoidal and sinusoidal roofing and cladding sheet with span tables - Light C and Z purlins, side rails (t ≤ 2 mm) - Cable trays, ladders and support systems - Light-gauge framing studs, tracks and joists - Racking uprights, shelving and mezzanine decking - Greenhouse, fencing and agricultural profiles ### S250GD vs S280GD vs S350GD All three are structural galvanized strip with the same zinc; the number is the guaranteed yield. S250GD is the roofing and light-profile grade; S280GD is the purlin standard for 1.5–2.5 mm C/Z sections; S350GD is the high-strength grade for long-span purlins, decking and solar structures. Higher grades are harder to form and a few dollars dearer per ton, so order the lowest grade the design allows — and check the span table, which is where the grade actually pays off. ### Price S250GD carries about 10 USD/t over DX51D of the same thickness; the bands below are indicative FOB Istanbul by thickness for our stock. Slitting and cut-to-length priced per ton. - S250GD+Z · 0.40–0.50 mm: USD 890–1060 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - S250GD+Z · 0.60–1.00 mm: USD 790–950 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - S250GD+Z · 1.20–3.00 mm: USD 770–890 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing S250GD galvanized steel ships as coil — eye-to-sky on a wooden cradle, 5–25 t per coil, VCI paper and steel strapping — or as cut sheet on skids of 2–3 t with paper interleaving and edge protectors. A 20' takes one coil up to 20 t; a 40' HC two coils or 24 t of sheet. HS 7210 / 7209 / 7208 by product. - Moq: One coil (5–20 t) or 5 t of sheet - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock 0.40–3.0 mm Z140/Z275: 3–5 working days; slit strips 5–8 days - Packing: Coil eye-to-sky, VCI wrap; slit coils on pallets; sheet on skids - Container: 20' one coil ≤ 20 t; 40' HC two coils or 24 t sheet - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing Every lot of S250GD galvanized steel carries an EN 10204 3.1 inspection certificate listing heat, chemistry, mechanical and impact results. On request we add 3.2 witnessing by a classification society or inspector, EN 10160 ultrasonic testing and supplementary impact tests at the customer's design temperature. ### How to order Specify thickness × width (or slit widths), coating (Z140 / Z275), spangle, surface, treatment, coil weight limit and tonnage; roofing-width coils (1 000 / 1 250) ship from stock. ### FAQ **What is S250GD steel?** A structural hot-dip galvanized steel to EN 10346 (1.0242) with guaranteed yield ≥ 250 MPa and tensile ≥ 330 MPa — the standard strip for roofing sheet, light purlins, cable trays and framing profiles. **What does S250GD+Z275 mean?** S250GD grade with 275 g/m² zinc (both sides), about 20 µm per side — the export and outdoor standard; Z140 is the Turkish stock standard. **What is the difference between S250GD and S350GD?** Guaranteed yield 250 vs 350 MPa; S350GD allows longer purlin spans and thinner decking but is harder to form and costs more. Same zinc coatings. **What is the ASTM equivalent of S250GD?** ASTM A653 SS Grade 37 (255 MPa yield); JIS G3302 SGC400. **Is S250GD in stock in Turkey?** Yes — 0.40–3.0 mm in 1 000–1 500 mm widths with Z140 and Z275 at our Dilovası warehouse; slit widths in 3–5 days. ## S280GD Galvanized Steel URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/coated/s280gd-galvanized-steel/ Every steel-building tender in the Gulf and Africa that lists purlins says "S280GD+Z275" or its old name Fe E 280 G. It is the grade our Z-purlin line runs by default, the one we slit for purlin makers in Iraq and Romania, and the one that sits in stock in the 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 mm gauges a purlin schedule uses. ### What is S280GD galvanized steel? S280GD is the structural galvanized grade that the purlin industry standardised on: 280 MPa minimum yield gives a C or Z section in 1.5–2.5 mm the capacity for 5–7 m bays under normal roof loads, while the strip is still soft enough (18 % elongation, bend radius 1 × t) to roll-form lips, stiffeners and swages on ordinary tooling. It comes from a low-carbon, manganese-strengthened heat (C ≤ 0.20 %, Mn ≤ 1.70 %), hot-rolled pickled or cold-rolled substrate, hot-dip galvanized with Z275 as the industry coating — the old EN 10147 name Fe E 280 G still appears on drawings, as does the DIN StE 280 Z. Beyond purlins it is the strip for side rails, eave beams, sigma and omega framing sections, heavier cable ladders and solar mounting rails, and for any roll-formed part that carries a design load and lives outdoors. We keep the purlin gauges in stock and slit to the developed width of the section. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | 0.20 | 0.60 | 1.70 | 0.10 | 0.045 | _Typical heat: C 0.07–0.10, Mn 0.50–0.80._ ### Mechanical properties | Property | Requirement | Typical value | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Yield strength ReH / Rp0.2 | ≥ 280 MPa | 310–360 MPa | fyb = 280 | | Tensile strength Rm | ≥ 360 MPa | 390–450 MPa | | | Elongation A80 | ≥ 18 % | 22–28 % | | | Bend radius (180°) | 1 × t | passes | | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | EN 10147 (old) | Fe E 280 G / S280GD+Z | withdrawn | | DIN 17162 | StE 280 Z | historic | | ASTM A653 | SS Grade 40 (275 MPa) | Structural Steel | | JIS G3302 | SGC440 | | | GB/T 2518 | S280GD+Z | | ### Zinc coating classes (Z100–Z600) | Class | Zinc mass (g/m², both sides) | Thickness per side (µm) | Typical life C3 | Where used | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Z100 | 100 | ≈ 7 | 4–6 years | indoor, painted parts, ducting | | Z140 | 140 | ≈ 10 | 6–9 years | the Turkish stock standard | | Z200 | 200 | ≈ 14 | 9–13 years | roofing, outdoor cladding | | Z275 | 275 | ≈ 20 | 12–18 years | export standard, purlins, structural | | Z350 | 350 | ≈ 25 | 15–22 years | agriculture, coastal | | Z450 / Z600 | 450 / 600 | ≈ 32 / 42 | 20–35 years | highway, marine, ground contact | _Life = time to 5 % red rust per ISO 9223 C3 (0.7–2.1 µm zinc loss per year); halve it for C4 industrial-coastal, double it for C2 rural. Spangle: normal (N) or minimised (M); surface quality A (normal) or B (improved, for painting); surface treatment C (chemical passivation), O (oiled), CO (both)._ ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 1.5 / 2.0 / 2.5 / 3.0 mm | coil 1 250 / 1 500 mm; slit to purlin widths | stock Z275 | | 1.0 / 1.2 mm | coil 1 250 mm | to order 2–3 weeks | | 0.50–0.80 mm | coil 1 000 / 1 250 mm | to order 2–3 weeks | | finished purlins | C / Z 100–350 mm from our line | see C & Z purlins | ### Weight per m² and per sheet | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 000 × 2 000 (kg) | 1 250 × 2 500 (kg) | 1 500 × 3 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 0.5 mm | 4.20 | 8.4 | 13.1 | 18.9 | | 0.7 mm | 5.77 | 11.5 | 18.0 | 26.0 | | 1 mm | 8.13 | 16.3 | 25.4 | 36.6 | | 1.2 mm | 9.70 | 19.4 | 30.3 | 43.6 | | 1.5 mm | 12.05 | 24.1 | 37.7 | 54.2 | | 2 mm | 15.98 | 32.0 | 49.9 | 71.9 | | 2.5 mm | 19.90 | 39.8 | 62.2 | 89.6 | | 3 mm | 23.83 | 47.7 | 74.5 | 107.2 | _Includes Z275 coating; subtract 0.135 kg/m² for Z140._ ### Forming, welding and design Roll-forms C, Z, sigma and omega sections with lips and stiffeners at 1 × t inside radius; punching of bolt holes and cleats in-line is routine (clearance 10 %). MAG welding with fume extraction where sections are welded to cleats; bolted connections (M12/M16) are standard. Design to EN 1993-1-3 with fyb = 280 MPa, fu = 360 MPa, core thickness = nominal − 0.04 mm for Z275. For long spans and heavy snow, step up to S350GD rather than to thicker S280GD — the weight saving is usually larger. ### Where it is used - C and Z purlins and side rails, 100–350 mm - Sigma, omega and heavy light-gauge framing sections - Eave beams, bracing and sag-rod systems - Solar mounting rails and posts - Heavy cable ladders and support systems - Trailer floor and body cross-members ### S280GD vs S350GD for purlins For bays up to about 6 m under moderate loads S280GD in 1.5–2.0 mm is the economical purlin; beyond that, or under heavy snow and wind, S350GD lets the same section carry 25 % more or the bay grow by a metre for a price difference of about 20 USD/t. Below S280GD, S250GD serves roofing sheet and light profiles. Our finished C & Z purlins are rolled from S280GD by default and S350GD on request. ### Price S280GD is priced about 20 USD/t over DX51D of the same thickness; the bands below are indicative FOB Istanbul for the stocked purlin gauges and for thin coil to order. Slitting to purlin width is priced per ton. - S280GD+Z275 · 1.5–3.0 mm: USD 780–900 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - S280GD+Z · 0.50–1.2 mm: USD 800–960 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing We load S280GD galvanized steel as slit or master coils on cradles (VCI paper, strapped, 5–25 t) or as cut-to-length sheet on skids (≤ 3 t, interleaved, edge boards); a 20' container carries one coil to 20 t, a 40' HC two coils or 24 t of sheet. HS 7210 / 7209 / 7208. - Moq: One coil (10–20 t) or 5 t of slit strip - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock 1.5–3.0 mm Z275: 3–5 working days; 0.50–1.2 mm to order 2–3 weeks - Packing: Coil eye-to-sky, VCI wrap; slit coils on pallets - Container: 20' one coil ≤ 20 t; 40' HC two coils - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing S280GD galvanized steel ships with EN 10204 3.1 certificates cross-referenced to the stencilled heat numbers. Where the project requires it we arrange 3.2 certification with Lloyd's, BV, TÜV or SGS, ultrasonic examination to EN 10160 and Charpy testing at the temperature you specify. ### How to order Specify thickness, coil width or slit widths (developed width of the section), coating Z275 / Z140, tonnage, and whether you want us to roll the purlins — send the schedule and we quote finished sections. ### FAQ **What is S280GD?** A structural hot-dip galvanized strip to EN 10346 (1.0244) with guaranteed yield ≥ 280 MPa and tensile ≥ 360 MPa — the standard grade for C and Z purlins and heavier roll-formed profiles; old name Fe E 280 G. **Which grade of steel is used for purlins?** S280GD+Z275 is the industry standard for cold-formed C/Z purlins in Europe and the Middle East; S350GD for long spans and heavy loads; S250GD for light profiles. **What is the difference between S280GD and S350GD?** Guaranteed yield 280 vs 350 MPa: S350GD carries about 25 % more for the same section but bends at 1.5 × t and costs about 20 USD/t more. **What is the ASTM equivalent of S280GD?** ASTM A653 SS Grade 40 (275 MPa yield); JIS G3302 SGC440. **Is S280GD+Z275 in stock?** Yes — 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 mm in 1 250 / 1 500 mm at Dilovası, slit to purlin widths in 3–5 days; thinner gauges in 2–3 weeks. ## S320GD Galvanized Steel URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/coated/s320gd-galvanized-steel/ S320GD is the grade a designer reaches when the S280GD span table runs out by a few percent — decking that has to carry wet concrete over 3 m, a purlin over a 7 m bay. We roll it to order; more often we deliver S350GD from stock against it, which the design accepts without a change. ### What is S320GD galvanized steel? S320GD fills the step between S280GD and S350GD in EN 10346: 320 MPa yield with 17 % elongation and a 1.5 × t bend radius, from a slightly stronger low-carbon heat (typically C 0.08–0.12 %, Mn 0.6–1.0 %) on a hot-rolled pickled or cold-rolled substrate. Mills produce it less often than its neighbours — most designers jump from 280 to 350 — so it is a made-to-order grade in Turkey, and EN 1993-1-3 allows S350GD to be substituted whenever the design does not rely on the softer grade's ductility. Where it does appear it is usually in composite floor decking (EN 1994 sheeting is often designed at 320 MPa), heavier purlins in 2.0–3.0 mm and solar mounting structures written to a German specification. Coating Z275 as standard, Z350 for agricultural and coastal use. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | 0.20 | 0.60 | 1.70 | 0.10 | 0.045 | _Typical heat: C 0.08–0.12, Mn 0.60–1.00._ ### Mechanical properties | Property | Requirement | Typical value | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Yield strength ReH / Rp0.2 | ≥ 320 MPa | 340–390 MPa | fyb = 320 | | Tensile strength Rm | ≥ 390 MPa | 420–470 MPa | | | Elongation A80 | ≥ 17 % | 20–25 % | | | Bend radius (180°) | 1.5 × t | passes | | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | EN 10147 (old) | Fe E 320 G | withdrawn | | ASTM A653 | SS Grade 50 Class 1 (340 MPa) | near | | JIS G3302 | SGC490 | | | GB/T 2518 | S320GD+Z | | | EN 10346 | S350GD | upward substitute | ### Zinc coating classes (Z100–Z600) | Class | Zinc mass (g/m², both sides) | Thickness per side (µm) | Typical life C3 | Where used | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Z100 | 100 | ≈ 7 | 4–6 years | indoor, painted parts, ducting | | Z140 | 140 | ≈ 10 | 6–9 years | the Turkish stock standard | | Z200 | 200 | ≈ 14 | 9–13 years | roofing, outdoor cladding | | Z275 | 275 | ≈ 20 | 12–18 years | export standard, purlins, structural | | Z350 | 350 | ≈ 25 | 15–22 years | agriculture, coastal | | Z450 / Z600 | 450 / 600 | ≈ 32 / 42 | 20–35 years | highway, marine, ground contact | _Life = time to 5 % red rust per ISO 9223 C3 (0.7–2.1 µm zinc loss per year); halve it for C4 industrial-coastal, double it for C2 rural. Spangle: normal (N) or minimised (M); surface quality A (normal) or B (improved, for painting); surface treatment C (chemical passivation), O (oiled), CO (both)._ ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 0.60–1.2 mm | coil 1 000 / 1 250 mm | to order 2–3 weeks | | 1.5–3.0 mm | coil 1 250 / 1 500 mm | to order 2–3 weeks | | any | S350GD from stock as substitute | 3–5 days | ### Weight per m² and per sheet | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 000 × 2 000 (kg) | 1 250 × 2 500 (kg) | 1 500 × 3 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 0.6 mm | 4.99 | 10.0 | 15.6 | 22.4 | | 0.7 mm | 5.77 | 11.5 | 18.0 | 26.0 | | 0.8 mm | 6.56 | 13.1 | 20.5 | 29.5 | | 1 mm | 8.13 | 16.3 | 25.4 | 36.6 | | 1.2 mm | 9.70 | 19.4 | 30.3 | 43.6 | | 1.5 mm | 12.05 | 24.1 | 37.7 | 54.2 | | 2 mm | 15.98 | 32.0 | 49.9 | 71.9 | | 2.5 mm | 19.90 | 39.8 | 62.2 | 89.6 | | 3 mm | 23.83 | 47.7 | 74.5 | 107.2 | _Includes Z275 coating._ ### Forming, welding and design Roll-forms decking and purlin profiles at 1.5 × t inside radius; spring-back higher than S280GD — set the tooling accordingly. Welding as for the other GD grades (fume extraction, zinc-rich repair); shear-stud welding through decking works with Z275 up to 1.25 mm. Design to EN 1993-1-3 / EN 1994-1-1 with fyb = 320 MPa, fu = 390 MPa, core thickness = nominal − 0.04 mm. ### Where it is used - Composite floor decking (EN 1994) - Purlins and side rails in 2.0–3.0 mm for long bays - Solar mounting rails, posts and trackers - Heavy framing and mezzanine joists - Silo and bin stiffeners - Guardrail posts and lighter highway components ### S320GD vs S350GD S350GD gives 9 % more yield for the same price class and is stocked; S320GD is worth ordering only when a specification names it and forbids upward substitution, or when its slightly better elongation (17 vs 16 %) matters for a deep profile. See S350GD and, for lighter duty, S280GD. ### Price S320GD is priced about 25 USD/t over DX51D; the band below is indicative FOB Istanbul for mill-order coil. - S320GD+Z · 0.60–3.0 mm: USD 785–905 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Packing of S320GD galvanized steel: coils on cradles (eye-to-sky, VCI wrap, four straps, 5–25 t) or sheet packs on skids up to 3 t with interleaving paper and corner protectors; 20' ≈ one coil (≤ 20 t), 40' HC ≈ two coils or 24 t of sheet. Tariff 7210 / 7209 / 7208. - Moq: One coil (10–20 t) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: To order 2–3 weeks; S350GD from stock as substitute - Packing: Coil eye-to-sky, VCI wrap - Container: 20' one coil ≤ 20 t; 40' HC two coils - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing Every lot of S320GD galvanized steel carries an EN 10204 3.1 inspection certificate listing heat, chemistry, mechanical and impact results. On request we add 3.2 witnessing by a classification society or inspector, EN 10160 ultrasonic testing and supplementary impact tests at the customer's design temperature. ### How to order Specify thickness × width, coating, tonnage and whether S350GD from stock may be substituted; mill slot confirmed within a day. ### FAQ **What is S320GD?** A structural hot-dip galvanized strip to EN 10346 (1.0250) with guaranteed yield ≥ 320 MPa and tensile ≥ 390 MPa, used for composite decking, heavier purlins and solar structures. **Can S350GD replace S320GD?** Yes in almost all designs — it exceeds the yield and tensile requirements; confirm if the design depends on the softer grade's elongation for a deep profile. **What is the ASTM equivalent of S320GD?** ASTM A653 SS Grade 50 Class 1 (340 MPa) is the nearest; there is no exact 320 MPa ASTM grade. ## S350GD Galvanized Steel URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/coated/s350gd-galvanized-steel/ S350GD is the grade that makes cold-formed steel compete with hot-rolled: a Z-purlin over an 8 m bay, a deck that carries 150 mm of concrete over 3.5 m, a solar tracker post that survives a Gulf sandstorm. The steel is a fine-grained micro-alloyed strip that still roll-forms on standard tooling, and it has become our second-largest galvanized stock item after DX51D. ### What is S350GD galvanized steel? S350GD is produced from a micro-alloyed (Nb or Ti) low-carbon strip, hot-rolled pickled or cold-rolled, that reaches 350 MPa yield with a fine grain rather than with carbon — so it still bends at 1.5 × t, roll-forms lips and stiffeners, and welds without preheat. EN 10346 guarantees yield ≥ 350 MPa, tensile ≥ 420 MPa and 16 % elongation; typical certificates show 380–420 MPa yield. In EN 1993-1-3 design the higher fyb translates directly into capacity: a Z-purlin in S350GD carries about 25 % more than the same section in S280GD, and a composite deck profile can drop a gauge. That is why S350GD has become the reference grade for composite floor decking (EN 1994), long-span and snow-load purlins, solar mounting structures (rails, posts, trackers), heavy racking uprights, light-gauge steel-framed buildings and highway components. It is delivered with Z275 as the export standard, Z350 for agriculture and coastal sites, and — on request — with a zinc-magnesium (ZM) coating for solar and coastal structures. The old EN 10147 name Fe E 350 G and the ASTM comparison SS Grade 50 are still common in tenders. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Nb + Ti | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | 0.20 | 0.60 | 1.70 | 0.10 | 0.045 | ≤ 0.10 (micro-alloy) | _Typical heat: C 0.06–0.10, Mn 0.60–1.20, Nb 0.02–0.04 or Ti 0.03–0.06._ ### Mechanical properties | Property | Requirement | Typical value | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Yield strength ReH / Rp0.2 | ≥ 350 MPa | 380–420 MPa | fyb = 350 | | Tensile strength Rm | ≥ 420 MPa | 450–500 MPa | | | Elongation A80 | ≥ 16 % | 19–24 % | | | Bend radius (180°) | 1.5 × t | passes | | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | EN 10147 (old) | Fe E 350 G / S350GD+Z | withdrawn | | DIN 17162 | StE 350 Z | historic | | ASTM A653 | SS Grade 50 Class 1 (340 MPa) / HSLAS Gr. 50 | near | | JIS G3302 | SGC490 / SGC570 (near) | | | GB/T 2518 | S350GD+Z | | | EN 10346 | S390GD / S420GD / S550GD | higher grades on request | ### Zinc coating classes (Z100–Z600) | Class | Zinc mass (g/m², both sides) | Thickness per side (µm) | Typical life C3 | Where used | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Z100 | 100 | ≈ 7 | 4–6 years | indoor, painted parts, ducting | | Z140 | 140 | ≈ 10 | 6–9 years | the Turkish stock standard | | Z200 | 200 | ≈ 14 | 9–13 years | roofing, outdoor cladding | | Z275 | 275 | ≈ 20 | 12–18 years | export standard, purlins, structural | | Z350 | 350 | ≈ 25 | 15–22 years | agriculture, coastal | | Z450 / Z600 | 450 / 600 | ≈ 32 / 42 | 20–35 years | highway, marine, ground contact | _Life = time to 5 % red rust per ISO 9223 C3 (0.7–2.1 µm zinc loss per year); halve it for C4 industrial-coastal, double it for C2 rural. Spangle: normal (N) or minimised (M); surface quality A (normal) or B (improved, for painting); surface treatment C (chemical passivation), O (oiled), CO (both)._ ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 0.60–1.2 mm | coil 1 000 / 1 250 / 1 500 mm (decking widths) | stock Z275 | | 1.5–3.0 mm | coil 1 250 / 1 500 mm; slit to purlin and rail widths | stock Z275 | | Z350 / ZM120–ZM310 | coil 1 250 / 1 500 mm | to order 3 weeks | | S390GD–S550GD | coil 1 250 mm | to order 4 weeks | ### Weight per m² and per sheet | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 000 × 2 000 (kg) | 1 250 × 2 500 (kg) | 1 500 × 3 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 0.6 mm | 4.99 | 10.0 | 15.6 | 22.4 | | 0.7 mm | 5.77 | 11.5 | 18.0 | 26.0 | | 0.8 mm | 6.56 | 13.1 | 20.5 | 29.5 | | 1 mm | 8.13 | 16.3 | 25.4 | 36.6 | | 1.2 mm | 9.70 | 19.4 | 30.3 | 43.6 | | 1.5 mm | 12.05 | 24.1 | 37.7 | 54.2 | | 2 mm | 15.98 | 32.0 | 49.9 | 71.9 | | 2.5 mm | 19.90 | 39.8 | 62.2 | 89.6 | | 3 mm | 23.83 | 47.7 | 74.5 | 107.2 | _Includes Z275 coating; subtract 0.135 kg/m² for Z140._ ### Forming, welding and design Roll-forms decking, purlins, sigma and rail profiles at 1.5 × t inside radius; spring-back is noticeably higher than S280GD (allow 3–5° over-bend) and lip stiffeners need proper roll design. Punching clearance 10–12 %. MAG and spot welding with fume extraction, no preheat; shear-stud welding through 0.75–1.25 mm deck works with Z275. Design to EN 1993-1-3 / EN 1994-1-1 with fyb = 350 MPa, fu = 420 MPa, core thickness = nominal − 0.04 mm (Z275). Do not hot-form or galvanize again after forming — the micro-alloyed strip is already coated. ### Where it is used - Composite floor decking (EN 1994) 0.75–1.25 mm - Long-span and snow-load C / Z purlins 1.5–3.0 mm - Solar mounting rails, posts, purlins and tracker components - Heavy racking uprights and mezzanine joists - Light-gauge steel-framed buildings (studs, joists, trusses) - Guardrail posts and highway furniture ### S350GD vs S280GD — when the upgrade pays At about 20 USD/t more per ton, S350GD carries 25 % more than S280GD in the same section, so any purlin or deck schedule governed by strength (not deflection) saves weight and money by upgrading. Deflection-governed spans gain nothing — the modulus is the same — and S280GD stays the better buy. Forming is the other limit: S350GD needs 1.5 × t radii and firmer tooling. See S280GD for the standard purlin grade and S320GD for the intermediate step; finished C & Z purlins and composite deck are rolled from S350GD on request. ### Price S350GD carries about 30 USD/t over DX51D of the same thickness and coating; the bands below are indicative FOB Istanbul for our stock by thickness. ZM coatings and grades above S350GD are quoted per order. - S350GD+Z275 · 0.60–1.2 mm: USD 810–970 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - S350GD+Z275 · 1.5–3.0 mm: USD 790–910 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Packing of S350GD galvanized steel: coils on cradles (eye-to-sky, VCI wrap, four straps, 5–25 t) or sheet packs on skids up to 3 t with interleaving paper and corner protectors; 20' ≈ one coil (≤ 20 t), 40' HC ≈ two coils or 24 t of sheet. Tariff 7210 / 7209 / 7208. - Moq: One coil (10–20 t) or 5 t of slit strip - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock 0.60–3.0 mm Z275: 3–5 working days; slit strips 5–8 days; Z350 / ZM to order 3 weeks - Packing: Coil eye-to-sky, VCI wrap; slit coils on pallets - Container: 20' one coil ≤ 20 t; 40' HC two coils - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing S350GD galvanized steel ships with EN 10204 3.1 certificates cross-referenced to the stencilled heat numbers. Where the project requires it we arrange 3.2 certification with Lloyd's, BV, TÜV or SGS, ultrasonic examination to EN 10160 and Charpy testing at the temperature you specify. ### How to order Specify thickness × width (or slit widths), coating (Z275 standard, Z350 or ZM on request), spangle, tonnage and the product (deck / purlin / rail) — we advise if a lower grade would do and quote finished profiles from our own lines. ### FAQ **What is S350GD?** A high-strength structural hot-dip galvanized strip to EN 10346 (1.0529) with guaranteed yield ≥ 350 MPa and tensile ≥ 420 MPa, used for composite decking, long-span purlins, solar structures and light-gauge framing; old name Fe E 350 G. **What is the yield strength of S350GD?** Minimum 350 MPa by the standard; typical mill certificates show 380–420 MPa. **What is the difference between S350GD and S280GD?** Guaranteed yield 350 vs 280 MPa — about 25 % more capacity for the same section, 1.5 × t instead of 1 × t bend radius, and about 20 USD/t higher price. **What is the ASTM equivalent of S350GD?** ASTM A653 SS Grade 50 Class 1 (340 MPa) or HSLAS Grade 50; JIS SGC490 is close. **Is S350GD suitable for solar mounting structures?** Yes — it is the standard grade for rails, posts and tracker parts; order Z350 or a zinc-magnesium coating for coastal or high-corrosion sites. **Is S350GD in stock in Turkey?** Yes — 0.60–3.0 mm with Z275 in 1 000–1 500 mm widths at Dilovası; slitting in 5–8 days. ## PPGI — Pre-painted Galvanized Coil URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/coated/pre-painted-ppgi/ PPGI is galvanized coil painted on a continuous line — primer plus a polyester, PVDF or plastisol top coat baked at 230 °C — so it arrives colour-finished and ready to roll-form or press. We stock RAL 9002, 9010, 9006, 3009, 5010, 6005, 7016 and 8017 in 0.35–0.70 mm and run any RAL from 5 t; the same coil feeds our trapezoidal, corrugated and tile-profile lines and our sandwich panels. 0.30–1.20 mm, Z100–Z275 substrate, protective film on request. ### What is PPGI? PPGI stands for pre-painted galvanized iron (steel): a hot-dip galvanized coil that is cleaned, chromate- or chromate-free-pretreated, primed (5–8 µm epoxy or polyurethane) and top-coated (15–35 µm) on a continuous coil-coating line, with a backing coat (5–12 µm) on the reverse. The paint is cured in seconds at 230–250 °C and the coil is rewound, film-protected if required, and shipped colour-finished. PPGL is the same process on an aluzinc (AZ150) substrate. The product replaces post-painting: a roofing sheet, a sandwich-panel skin, a refrigerator door or a roller shutter is formed from PPGI and needs no further finishing. ### Coating systems: PE, SMP, PVDF, plastisol | System | Dry film | Gloss | UV / colour retention (RUV) | Corrosion (RC) | Formability (T-bend) | Life outdoors* | Price index | Use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Polyester (PE / SP) | 25 µm | 20–60% | RUV2–3 | RC3 | 2–3T | 10–15 yr | 1.00 | Standard roofing, cladding, panels, appliances | | Silicone-modified polyester (SMP) | 25 µm | 20–40% | RUV3 | RC3 | 3T | 15–20 yr | 1.05–1.08 | Roofing in strong sun (Gulf, Africa) | | Polyurethane (PUR / PU-PA) | 35–50 µm | 30–40% | RUV4 | RC4 | 2T | 20–30 yr | 1.12–1.18 | Architectural, coastal | | PVDF (Kynar 500-type, 70/30) | 25–35 µm | 25–35% | RUV4 | RC4 | 2T | 25–35 yr | 1.15–1.25 | Architectural façades, Gulf sun, colour stability | | Plastisol (PVC) | 200 µm | Leather-grain | RUV3 | RC5 | 0T | 25–40 yr | 1.30–1.40 | Coastal, industrial, agricultural roofing | | Polyester matt / textured | 30 µm | ≤ 10% | RUV3 | RC3 | 3T | 15–20 yr | 1.08 | Low-glare roofs, villas | _* to first maintenance, rural/urban; halve for coastal. RUV/RC categories per EN 10169; test methods EN 13523._ ### Colours and stock | RAL | Colour | Typical use | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 9002 | Grey white | Roofing, panels — most ordered | Stock | | 9010 | Pure white | Cold rooms, panels, ceilings | Stock | | 9006 | White aluminium | Cladding, industrial | Stock | | 3009 | Oxide red | Roofing (Gulf, Africa, Balkans) | Stock | | 5010 | Gentian blue | Roofing, sheds | Stock | | 6005 | Moss green | Roofing, agricultural | Stock | | 7016 | Anthracite grey | Architectural cladding, villas | Stock | | 8017 | Chocolate brown | Tile-profile roofs | Stock | | Any RAL / BS / custom | Matched | Projects | 5 t per shade, 2–4 weeks | | Wood-grain, brick, camouflage print | Printed | Doors, panels, cladding | 10 t, 3–5 weeks | ### Colour pages The six stock colours each have a page with colour data, the right coating system for that shade, gauges, kg/m² and the month's band: RAL 9002 grey white (the roofing standard), RAL 9010 pure white (food and cold-store), RAL 3009 oxide red (tile-profile red), RAL 7016 anthracite (façades and fences), RAL 6005 moss green (agricultural and landscape) and RAL 1018 zinc yellow (safety and branding). Any other RAL is made to order from 10 t. ### Substrate: galvanized or aluzinc, zinc class, grade | Substrate | Coating mass | Grade | Thickness | Choose for | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Galvanized DX51D+Z (PPGI) | Z100 / Z140 / Z200 / Z275 | DX51D (forming), S250–S350GD (structural) | 0.30–1.20 mm | Standard; Z200+ coastal | | Aluzinc AZ150 (PPGL) | AZ150 | DX51D+AZ, S280GD+AZ | 0.40–0.80 mm | Humid tropics, longer life, heat reflection | | Zinc-magnesium ZM (PPZM) | ZM120–ZM175 | DX51D+ZM | 0.50–1.00 mm | Cut-edge protection, 25+ yr | | Electro-galvanized (PPEG) | EG 2.5–5 µm | DC01 | 0.40–1.00 mm | Indoor appliances, best surface | ### Thickness, width and weight | Base thickness | TCT (approx.) | kg/m² (Z140) | m² per ton | Typical use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 0.30 mm | 0.35 | 2.55 | 392 | Corrugated sheet (Africa), fences | | 0.35 mm | 0.40 | 2.95 | 339 | Corrugated / trapezoidal, budget | | 0.40 mm | 0.45 | 3.34 | 299 | Trapezoidal, tile profile, panels | | 0.45 mm | 0.50 | 3.73 | 268 | Roofing, sandwich skins | | 0.50 mm | 0.55 | 4.12 | 243 | Roofing export standard, panel skins | | 0.60 mm | 0.65 | 4.91 | 204 | Cladding, long-span roofs | | 0.70 mm | 0.75 | 5.70 | 175 | Heavy roofing, deck | | 0.80 – 1.20 mm | 0.85–1.25 | 6.5–9.6 | 154–104 | Doors, shutters, appliances, purlins | _Widths 1 000, 1 200, 1 250 mm (914 and 1 219 on request); coils 3–10 t, ID 508 mm; sheets 2 000–6 000 mm cut._ ### Forming, cutting and protective film PPGI is roll-formed (our trapezoidal, corrugated and tile lines), press-braked (bend radius ≥ 1–2T at 20 °C for PE, 0T for plastisol), slit and cut-to-length, and laser-cut with the film on; guillotine cut edges are protected by the zinc and primer. A 40–80 µm PE protective film (clear or printed) is applied on request for shutters, doors and appliance panels; remove within 30 days of forming. Do not form below 10 °C for PE coatings. ### Applications - Trapezoidal, corrugated and tile-profile roofing and cladding (see roofing pages) - Sandwich-panel skins (RAL 9002/9010, PE or PVDF) - Roller shutters, garage and steel doors, door frames - Appliances: refrigerators, washing machines, water heaters, AC casings - Ceiling panels, partitions, cable trays, furniture, shelving - Gutters, downpipes, flashings, ductwork ### PPGI price per ton Indicative FOB Istanbul bands from our weekly export list, PE 25 µm on Z140 DX51D, full-container quantities: stock colours 0.50 mm and the all-colour band 0.35–0.70 mm. PVDF adds 15–25%, plastisol 30–40%, AZ150 substrate 8–12%, dark or metallic colours 3–8%, protective film 2–3%. - RAL 9002 / 9010 / 3009 · 0.50 mm: USD 990–1170 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - All colours · 0.35–0.70 mm: USD 990–1280 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Coils eye-to-sky on cradles, paper and PE film, edge protectors; sheets on pallets with paper interleaving. HS code 7210.70 (flat-rolled, painted, varnished or coated with plastics). Colour certificates and paint-system data sheets travel with the shipment. - Moq: 1 × 20' (3 coils ≈ 21 t); special colours 5 t per shade - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Red Sea, West and East Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau / Almaty - Lead: Stock colours 5–10 working days; special RAL 2–4 weeks; PVDF / plastisol 3–5 weeks - Packing: Coils eye-to-sky, paper + PE, edge protectors; sheets on pallets, interleaved - Container: 20' ≈ 21 t · 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t · truck 22–24 t - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1, coating certificate, certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / EAC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight via London office ### Certificates EN 10204 3.1 for the substrate, coil-coating certificate (system, dry film, gloss, colour ΔE, T-bend, MEK, salt-spray), certificate of origin; SASO, SONCAP, EAC on request; fire reaction class A1 (EN 13501-1) statement for PE ≤ 25 µm. ### How to order Send thickness, width, substrate and zinc class, coating system and colour (RAL or sample), film yes/no, quantity and port. Reply within one working day; stock colours load in 5–10 working days. ### FAQ **What is PPGI?** Pre-painted galvanized iron (steel): hot-dip galvanized coil coated on a continuous line with primer and a polyester, PVDF or plastisol top coat in RAL colours, delivered ready to form. PPGL is the same on an aluzinc substrate. **What is the full form of PPGI and PPGL?** PPGI = pre-painted galvanized iron; PPGL = pre-painted galvalume (aluzinc). Both are colour-coated steel to EN 10169 / ASTM A755. **Which coating: polyester or PVDF?** Polyester (PE 25 µm) for standard roofing, cladding and panels — 10–15 years; PVDF (35 µm) for architectural façades, Gulf sun and colour stability — 25–35 years at 15–25% more. Plastisol (200 µm) for coastal, industrial and agricultural roofs. **What colours are in stock?** RAL 9002, 9010, 9006, 3009, 5010, 6005, 7016 and 8017 in 0.35–0.70 mm; any other RAL from 5 t per shade in 2–4 weeks. **What thickness is PPGI roofing sheet?** 0.40–0.50 mm base metal for most roofs (0.45–0.55 mm total coated thickness), 0.30–0.35 mm for budget corrugated sheet, 0.60–0.70 mm for long spans. Always specify base-metal thickness (BMT). **Can PPGI be bent and roll-formed?** Yes — PE coatings take a 1–2T bend, plastisol 0T; roll-forming into trapezoidal, corrugated and tile profiles is done on our own lines from the same coil. Avoid forming below 10 °C. **What is the price of PPGI per ton?** See the indicative FOB Istanbul bands above for PE on Z140; PVDF, plastisol, aluzinc substrate and dark colours add 3–40%. Firm price within one working day. **Do you supply PPGI cut to sheets or as roofing profiles?** Both: coils, cut-to-length flat sheets, slit strip, and roll-formed trapezoidal, corrugated and tile-profile sheets with matching flashings. ## RAL 9002 Grey White PPGI URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/coated/ppgi-ral-9002-grey-white/ If a specification just says "PPGI, white", it means RAL 9002. It is the colour we hold in the widest range of gauges, the one our trapezoidal and sandwich lines run most, and the safest choice for a building that has to blend in and stay cool. ### What is RAL 9002 PPGI sheet? RAL 9002, Grauweiß / grey white, is an off-white with a faint grey-yellow cast — bright enough to reflect around 78 % of visible light and most solar heat, dull enough not to glare or show dirt streaks the way pure white does. That balance made it the default colour of the industrial-building trade in the 1970s and it has stayed there: probably a third of all coil-coated steel rolled in Europe and the Middle East is 9002. On PPGI it is supplied as a 25 µm polyester top coat over a primer on hot-dip galvanized steel (DX51D+Z100 to EN 10346, Z140–Z275 on request), with a 5–8 µm grey backing coat, in coil 1 000–1 250 mm wide and 0.35–1.2 mm thick. Because every mill runs it continuously, it is the cheapest colour, the one with the best availability in every gauge, and the one where batch-to-batch colour matching between coil, sheet, panel and accessories is least of a problem — although we still recommend ordering roof, wall and flashings from the same batch. Its solar reflectance (SRI ≈ 90) qualifies it as a cool-roof colour in most green-building schemes, and its light interior reflectance is why sandwich-panel liner sides are 9002 too. We keep 0.35, 0.40, 0.45, 0.50, 0.60 and 0.70 mm in stock and feed our trapezoidal and sandwich-panel lines from the same coils. ### Colour data | RAL code | Name | Approx. hex | Light reflectance (LRV) | Gloss (60°) | Colour tolerance | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | RAL 9002 | Grey white / Grauweiß | #E7EBDA | ≈ 78 % | 30–40 (semi-gloss); 10–20 matt on request | ΔE ≤ 1.0 to RAL 841-GL, batch-matched | ### Coating systems for this colour | System | Top coat | Life to first maintenance | When to choose | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | PE polyester | 25 µm | 10–15 yr | stock; roofs, walls, panels | | SMP | 25 µm | 15–20 yr | coastal, 15-yr warranty | | HDP | 25 µm | 20–25 yr | long warranty, high UV | | PVDF | 25–35 µm | 25–30 yr | façades, colour guarantee | | Backing | 5–8 µm grey | — | 15 µm for double-sided | _RAL 9002 is a low-chroma colour with the best colour retention of any shade: even plain PE stays within ΔE 3 after 10 years in a C3 atmosphere, so PE is the right system unless the site is coastal or the warranty demands SMP/PVDF._ ### Colour matching and accessories Roof sheet, wall sheet, sandwich panels, ridge caps, flashings, gutters and screws (with painted heads) should all come from the same colour batch — 9002 varies slightly between mills and paint suppliers (the yellow cast in particular). We supply flashings folded from the same coil as the sheet, and colour-matched EPDM-washer screws. Interior liner sheets are normally 9002 as well; where a building is 9002 outside and needs a different liner colour, the double-sided coating (15 µm inside) is specified. ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 0.35–0.45 mm | 1 000 / 1 250 mm coil; sheet to 6 000 mm | stock — roofing, wall sheet | | 0.50–0.70 mm | 1 000 / 1 250 mm coil; sheet to 12 000 mm | stock — trapezoidal, sandwich skins, deck | | 0.80–1.20 mm | 1 250 mm coil | to order — doors, cabinets, ducting | | Other widths | 914 / 1 200 / 1 500 mm | to order 3–5 weeks | ### Weight per m² and per sheet | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 000 × 2 000 (kg) | 1 250 × 2 500 (kg) | 1 500 × 3 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 0.35 mm | 2.85 | 5.7 | 8.9 | 12.8 | | 0.4 mm | 3.24 | 6.5 | 10.1 | 14.6 | | 0.45 mm | 3.63 | 7.3 | 11.4 | 16.3 | | 0.5 mm | 4.03 | 8.1 | 12.6 | 18.1 | | 0.6 mm | 4.81 | 9.6 | 15.0 | 21.6 | | 0.7 mm | 5.60 | 11.2 | 17.5 | 25.2 | _Steel at 7.85 kg/dm³ plus Z100 zinc and 25/7 µm paint (≈ 0.10 kg/m²); thickness is the total coated thickness (TCT) unless bare metal (BMT) is specified._ ### Forming, cutting and handling Roll-forms into any trapezoidal, corrugated or tile profile and folds to 1–2 × t without cracking the paint (PE is flexible to T-bend ≤ 2T); shear, slit and punch cleanly — plasma and laser burn the coating back and are avoided. Keep the protective film on through forming and remove within 6 months; store coils dry and on cradles (wet storage stain shows on white). Cut edges rely on the zinc for protection; touch-up paint is available in matching 9002. ### Where it is used - Trapezoidal and corrugated roofing and wall sheet - Sandwich-panel outer and inner skins - Ridge caps, flashings, gutters and downpipes - Metal deck and purlin liner sheet - Prefab cabins, containers and warehouses - Doors, shutters, cabinets and appliances (heavier gauge) ### RAL 9002 vs 9010 vs 9006 RAL 9010 is a cleaner, brighter white for shopfronts, offices and food buildings — it shows dirt more and costs a little more. RAL 9006 white aluminium is the metallic silver-grey of modern cladding. 9002 is the practical, warm off-white that most industrial roofs are, and the one with the widest stock. ### Price RAL 9002 is the base price of the PPGI list — every other colour carries a small premium — and it moves with the galvanized coil price and the paint index. The bands below are the month\'s indicative FOB Istanbul ranges for 0.50 mm PE and for the full stock gauge range. - RAL 9002 · 0.50 mm PE: USD 990–1170 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - RAL 9002 · 0.35–0.70 mm: USD 990–1280 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing We load RAL 9002 PPGI sheet as slit or master coils on cradles (VCI paper, strapped, 5–25 t) or as cut-to-length sheet on skids (≤ 3 t, interleaved, edge boards); a 20' container carries one coil to 20 t, a 40' HC two coils or 24 t of sheet. HS 7210 / 7209 / 7208. - Moq: 3 t stock colour; 10 t for a special colour or PVDF - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock colours 0.40–0.70 mm: 3–7 working days; other gauges and systems 3–5 weeks - Packing: Coils eye-to-sky on cradles with PE film and VCI paper, 3–8 t; cut sheet on skids ≤ 2 t with film and interleaving - Container: 20' ≈ 2 coils / 18 t; 40' HC ≈ 24 t of sheet - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing Documentation for RAL 9002 PPGI sheet: EN 10204 3.1 mill certificate as standard (heat number, analysis, tensile, Charpy, condition); 3.2 with an independent inspector, EN 10160 UT reports and additional low-temperature Charpy tests are available on plates above 8 mm at order. ### How to order Specify RAL 9002, thickness (TCT), width, coil or sheet length, coating system (PE stock / SMP / PVDF), zinc class (Z100 stock / Z140 / Z275), backing coat, film and quantity; state if roof, wall, flashings and panels must be batch-matched. ### FAQ **What colour is RAL 9002?** Grey white — a warm off-white with a slight grey-yellow cast, the standard colour of industrial roofing, cladding and sandwich panels. **What is the difference between RAL 9002 and RAL 9010?** 9010 pure white is cleaner and brighter; 9002 is softer, hides dust better and costs less. Roofs and industrial walls are usually 9002, retail and food buildings 9010. **Is RAL 9002 a cool-roof colour?** Yes — with an SRI around 90 it reflects most solar heat and qualifies under most green-building cool-roof criteria. **What thickness of RAL 9002 PPGI is used for roofing?** 0.40–0.50 mm for trapezoidal and corrugated roof and wall sheet; 0.50–0.60 mm for sandwich-panel skins; 0.35 mm for light cladding and liners. **What is the price of RAL 9002 PPGI coil?** It is the base colour of the PPGI list — see the band above, quoted per metric ton FOB Istanbul. ## RAL 9010 Pure White PPGI URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/coated/ppgi-ral-9010-pure-white/ Where 9002 is the colour of the warehouse, 9010 is the colour of the cold store and the dairy: the white that stays white under LED light and wipes clean. It is our second-most-stocked PPGI colour and the one our food-grade panel line runs. ### What is RAL 9010 PPGI sheet? RAL 9010, Reinweiß / pure white, is a neutral white with a barely perceptible warm tint — brighter and cleaner than 9002, softer than the blue-white 9016. It reflects about 85 % of visible light, which is why it is the interior colour of cold stores, food-processing halls, clean rooms, hospitals, laboratories and retail buildings: it makes the most of the lighting and shows any contamination immediately. On PPGI it is supplied with a 25 µm polyester system whose top coat is food-contact approved (EN 1186 / FDA 21 CFR 175.300 migration tests) for indirect contact in food plants, with an anti-microbial variant on request, over DX51D+Z100–Z140 galvanized steel; PVDF is used where the building is also the exterior face and colour must hold for 25 years. Its weaknesses are the ones of any bright white — it shows dirt streaks, algae and rust-run more than 9002 outdoors, and batch differences are visible where two whites meet — so on external walls it is specified for prestige façades, shopfronts and signage bands rather than plain warehouses. We hold 0.40, 0.50 and 0.60 mm in stock for sandwich-panel skins and liner sheet and can cut sheet up to 12 m. ### Colour data | RAL code | Name | Approx. hex | Light reflectance (LRV) | Gloss (60°) | Colour tolerance | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | RAL 9010 | Pure white / Reinweiß | #F1ECE1 | ≈ 85 % | 30–40 (semi-gloss); 60–80 high-gloss for panels on request | ΔE ≤ 1.0 to RAL 841-GL; batch-match all faces | ### Coating systems for this colour | System | Top coat | Life to first maintenance | When to choose | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | PE polyester | 25 µm | 10–15 yr | stock; roofs, walls, panels | | SMP | 25 µm | 15–20 yr | coastal, 15-yr warranty | | HDP | 25 µm | 20–25 yr | long warranty, high UV | | PVDF | 25–35 µm | 25–30 yr | façades, colour guarantee | | Backing | 5–8 µm grey | — | 15 µm for double-sided | _For food and pharma interiors ask for the food-contact PE (or PVDF) with the migration certificate; the anti-microbial top coat (silver-ion) is available on 10 t orders._ ### Food, cold-store and clean-room use | Requirement | How it is met | Document | | --- | --- | --- | | Indirect food contact | food-grade polyester top coat, low-migration | EN 1186 / FDA 21 CFR 175.300 test report | | Cleanability | smooth 30–40 gloss or high-gloss surface, no embossing | ECCA T-tests, wipe test | | Chemical resistance | resists dilute alkaline and acid cleaners, chlorine ≤ 200 ppm | EN 13523-18 report | | Fire behaviour | coating A1 / A2-s1,d0 classified on steel | EN 13501-1 classification | | Low temperature | coating flexible to −40 °C (freezer stores) | T-bend / impact at −40 °C | | Light reflectance | LRV ≥ 80 % for lighting design | colour data sheet | _Sandwich panels for cold stores use 9010 on both faces; the joints, not the sheet, decide the hygiene rating._ ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 0.40–0.50 mm | 1 000 / 1 250 mm coil; sheet to 6 000 mm | stock — panel skins, liners | | 0.60 mm | 1 250 mm coil; sheet to 12 000 mm | stock — cold-store panels | | 0.35 mm, 0.70–1.20 mm | 1 250 mm coil | to order | | High-gloss / anti-microbial | 0.50–0.60 mm | to order, 10 t | ### Weight per m² and per sheet | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 000 × 2 000 (kg) | 1 250 × 2 500 (kg) | 1 500 × 3 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 0.4 mm | 3.24 | 6.5 | 10.1 | 14.6 | | 0.45 mm | 3.63 | 7.3 | 11.4 | 16.3 | | 0.5 mm | 4.03 | 8.1 | 12.6 | 18.1 | | 0.6 mm | 4.81 | 9.6 | 15.0 | 21.6 | | 0.7 mm | 5.60 | 11.2 | 17.5 | 25.2 | _Steel at 7.85 kg/dm³ plus Z100 zinc and 25/7 µm paint (≈ 0.10 kg/m²); thickness is the total coated thickness (TCT) unless bare metal (BMT) is specified._ ### Forming, cutting and handling Forms and folds like any PE-coated PPGI (T-bend ≤ 2T); shear, slit and punch — no thermal cutting. White shows every mark: keep the film on until the panel is installed, use clean gloves, do not drag sheets over each other, and store dry. Match all visible faces from one batch. Cleaning in service with neutral or mildly alkaline detergents; no abrasive pads. ### Where it is used - Cold-store, freezer and chiller sandwich panels (both faces) - Food, dairy, meat and beverage plant walls and ceilings - Clean rooms, hospitals, laboratories and pharma buildings - Supermarket, showroom and office cladding and soffits - Interior liner sheet where light reflectance matters - Signage bands, fascias and shopfronts ### RAL 9010 vs 9002 vs 9016 RAL 9002 is the warmer, dirt-hiding off-white for roofs and warehouses at a lower price. RAL 9016 traffic white is a cooler, bluer white used for window and door frames and some panel systems — it looks bluish next to 9010. For hygienic interiors and bright retail exteriors, 9010 is the specified colour. ### Price RAL 9010 is priced a little above the base 9002 (about 15 USD/t) on the PPGI list, and the food-grade or high-gloss systems add per system; the bands below are indicative FOB Istanbul. - RAL 9010 · 0.50 mm PE: USD 1005–1185 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - RAL 9010 · 0.35–0.70 mm: USD 1005–1295 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Packing of RAL 9010 PPGI sheet: coils on cradles (eye-to-sky, VCI wrap, four straps, 5–25 t) or sheet packs on skids up to 3 t with interleaving paper and corner protectors; 20' ≈ one coil (≤ 20 t), 40' HC ≈ two coils or 24 t of sheet. Tariff 7210 / 7209 / 7208. - Moq: 3 t stock colour; 10 t for a special colour or PVDF - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock colours 0.40–0.70 mm: 3–7 working days; other gauges and systems 3–5 weeks - Packing: Coils 3–6 t on cradles, double PE film for white faces, VCI paper, strapped; sheet packs ≤ 1.5 t with film both sides - Container: 20' ≈ 18 t; 40' HC ≈ 24 t - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing RAL 9010 PPGI sheet is delivered with the mill certificate EN 10204 3.1 — heat number, ladle analysis, tensile and impact results and the delivery condition. Third-party 3.2 certification (Lloyd's, BV, TÜV, SGS), ultrasonic testing to EN 10160 and extra Charpy tests at a lower temperature are ordered per lot. ### How to order Specify RAL 9010, thickness (TCT), width, coil or sheet length, system (PE / food-grade PE / PVDF), gloss level, zinc class, backing coat (15 µm for double-sided cold-store panels), film and quantity; state if a migration or fire certificate is required. ### FAQ **What colour is RAL 9010?** Pure white — a neutral, clean white with a very slight warm tint, brighter than 9002 and warmer than 9016; the standard white of cold stores, food plants and retail buildings. **Is RAL 9010 PPGI food-safe?** Yes when supplied with the food-contact-approved polyester or PVDF top coat, tested to EN 1186 / FDA 21 CFR 175.300 for indirect contact; ask for the certificate with the order. **RAL 9010 or RAL 9016 — which white?** 9010 is slightly warm and matches most panel systems; 9016 is cooler and bluer and matches PVC window frames. Do not mix them on one face. **Can RAL 9010 be used outdoors?** Yes — on façades, shopfronts and fascias, preferably with SMP or PVDF for colour retention; on plain industrial roofs 9002 hides dirt better. **What thickness for cold-store panels?** 0.50 mm outer and 0.50–0.60 mm inner skin is standard; 0.40 mm for light partition panels. ## RAL 3009 Oxide Red PPGI URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/coated/ppgi-ral-3009-oxide-red/ Half the tile-profile roofs in Turkey, the Balkans and the Caucasus are 3009. It is the red that looks like a roof, and the first colour our roofing customers ask for after the whites. ### What is RAL 3009 PPGI sheet? RAL 3009, Oxidrot / oxide red, is the iron-oxide red-brown of traditional roof tiles, red lead primer and painted timber barns — dark (LRV about 12 %), low in chroma, and therefore stable: iron-oxide pigments are among the most light-fast of all, so even the standard polyester system keeps 3009 within a few ΔE for 10–15 years, better than any bright red. On PPGI it is the dominant colour of tile-effect (pantile-profile) roofing sheet and of trapezoidal roofs on houses, farms, warehouses in rural zones, and mosques and schools where planning rules ask for a tile-coloured roof; in the Balkans and the Caucasus it is also the colour of choice for the metal roofs that replaced clay tile. The dark colour absorbs solar heat — a 3009 roof runs 20–25 °C hotter than a 9002 roof in summer sun — which is irrelevant on a ventilated or insulated roof but rules it out where a cool roof is required. We stock 0.40, 0.45 and 0.50 mm coil (Z100, 25 µm PE, grey backing), roll tile-profile and trapezoidal sheet from it, and fold ridge caps, valleys, verge and eaves flashings from the same batch. RAL 8004 copper brown and RAL 3011 brown red are the neighbouring roofing colours and are available to order. ### Colour data | RAL code | Name | Approx. hex | Light reflectance (LRV) | Gloss (60°) | Colour tolerance | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | RAL 3009 | Oxide red / Oxidrot | #6D342D | ≈ 12 % | 30–40 (semi-gloss); matt 10–20 popular for tile profile | ΔE ≤ 1.0 to RAL 841-GL, iron-oxide pigment | ### Which paint system holds this colour | System | Chalking | ΔE at 10 yr | Gloss kept | Typical use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | PE polyester 25 µm | slight | 2–3 | 50–60 % | tile-profile and rural roofs | | SMP / HDP 25 µm | low | 1.5–2 | 60–80 % | coastal roofs, 20-yr warranty | | PVDF 25–35 µm | very low | ≤ 1 | > 80 % | façades, colour warranty | | Matt-textured PE | masked by texture | 2–3 | n/a | architectural stock | _Iron-oxide reds are the most light-fast pigments: PE is adequate for 10–15 years of colour; choose SMP or PVDF for coastal or high-UV sites (Gulf, North Africa) or a 20-year colour warranty._ ### Tile-profile and roofing accessories in RAL 3009 | Item | Gauge | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | Tile-profile (pantile) roofing sheet | 0.40–0.50 mm | step 350 mm, cover width 1 100 mm | | Trapezoidal roof and wall sheet | 0.40–0.50 mm | 27 / 38 mm ribs | | Corrugated (sinus) sheet | 0.40–0.50 mm | | | Ridge cap, hip and valley | 0.45–0.50 mm | folded from the same coil | | Verge, eaves, wall flashings | 0.45–0.50 mm | up to 6 m long | | Screws with painted heads | — | EPDM washer, colour-matched | _A roof ordered in one lot gets all parts from one batch — the only way to avoid a visible shade difference between sheet and ridge._ ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 0.40–0.50 mm | 1 000 / 1 250 mm coil; sheet to 6 000 mm | stock — roofing | | 0.35 mm | 1 000 mm coil | to order — light cladding | | 0.60–0.70 mm | 1 250 mm coil | to order — panels, doors | | Matt / textured finish | 0.45–0.50 mm | to order, 10 t | ### Weight per m² and per sheet | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 000 × 2 000 (kg) | 1 250 × 2 500 (kg) | 1 500 × 3 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 0.35 mm | 2.85 | 5.7 | 8.9 | 12.8 | | 0.4 mm | 3.24 | 6.5 | 10.1 | 14.6 | | 0.45 mm | 3.63 | 7.3 | 11.4 | 16.3 | | 0.5 mm | 4.03 | 8.1 | 12.6 | 18.1 | | 0.6 mm | 4.81 | 9.6 | 15.0 | 21.6 | | 0.7 mm | 5.60 | 11.2 | 17.5 | 25.2 | _Steel at 7.85 kg/dm³ plus Z100 zinc and 25/7 µm paint (≈ 0.10 kg/m²); thickness is the total coated thickness (TCT) unless bare metal (BMT) is specified._ ### Forming, cutting and handling Rolls into tile and trapezoidal profiles and folds to 1–2 × t without paint cracking; shear and punch only — no thermal cutting. Dark colours show scratches as bright zinc lines: keep film on, handle with care, and touch up cut edges and scratches with matching 3009 paint. Store coils dry; the dark colour hides wet-storage stain less than you would think. ### Where it is used - Tile-profile roofing sheet for houses, villas and rural buildings - Trapezoidal roofs on farms, schools, mosques and warehouses in rural zones - Ridge, valley and flashing pieces - Fencing and gate infill panels - Sandwich-panel outer skins where a tile-red roof is required - Rainwater goods (gutters, downpipes) ### RAL 3009 vs 8004 vs 3011 RAL 8004 copper brown is browner and darker — closer to weathered clay; RAL 3011 brown red is brighter and redder. 3009 sits between and is the stock tile red. For a modern dark roof, RAL 7016 anthracite; for a cool roof, RAL 9002. ### Price RAL 3009 carries a small colour premium over 9002 (about 20 USD/t) on the PPGI list and follows the galvanized coil price; the bands below are indicative FOB Istanbul. - RAL 3009 · 0.50 mm PE: USD 1010–1190 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - RAL 3009 · 0.35–0.70 mm: USD 1010–1300 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing We load RAL 3009 PPGI sheet as slit or master coils on cradles (VCI paper, strapped, 5–25 t) or as cut-to-length sheet on skids (≤ 3 t, interleaved, edge boards); a 20' container carries one coil to 20 t, a 40' HC two coils or 24 t of sheet. HS 7210 / 7209 / 7208. - Moq: 3 t stock colour; 10 t for a special colour or PVDF - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock colours 0.40–0.70 mm: 3–7 working days; other gauges and systems 3–5 weeks - Packing: Coils 4–8 t eye-to-sky, film + VCI, four straps; profiled sheet and flashings bundled with foam separators on timber - Container: 20' ≈ 18 t of coil; 40' HC ≈ 24 t coil or 700 m² of tile-profile sheet per pallet stack - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing RAL 3009 PPGI sheet ships with EN 10204 3.1 certificates cross-referenced to the stencilled heat numbers. Where the project requires it we arrange 3.2 certification with Lloyd's, BV, TÜV or SGS, ultrasonic examination to EN 10160 and Charpy testing at the temperature you specify. ### How to order Specify RAL 3009, thickness, width, coil or sheet length (or the profile and m² if we roll it), coating system, gloss (semi-gloss / matt), zinc class, film and quantity; list the accessories so all parts come from one batch. ### FAQ **What colour is RAL 3009?** Oxide red — a dark brown-red like clay roof tiles, the standard red of tile-profile and rural roofing sheet. **Does RAL 3009 fade?** Very little — iron-oxide pigments are extremely light-fast; standard PE holds the colour 10–15 years, SMP/PVDF longer in high-UV climates. **Is RAL 3009 the same as brick red or tile red?** It is the RAL shade most tile-red and brick-red roofing sheets are made in; RAL 8004 (copper brown) and 3011 (brown red) are the neighbouring shades. **What gauge for tile-profile roofing?** 0.45 mm is the standard for tile-profile sheet; 0.40 mm for light roofs and 0.50 mm for exposed or snow-load roofs. **Do you supply matching ridge and flashings?** Yes — folded from the same coil batch, up to 6 m long, plus colour-matched screws. ## RAL 7016 Anthracite PPGI URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/coated/ppgi-ral-7016-anthracite/ Every architect's render is anthracite. 7016 turned from a niche colour into our third-most-stocked PPGI in five years, and unlike the whites it is bought as much by fence, gate and façade fabricators as by roofers. ### What is RAL 7016 PPGI sheet? RAL 7016, Anthrazitgrau / anthracite grey, is a very dark grey with a blue undertone — the shade the window and door industry standardised in the 2000s and which architecture then adopted for roofs, façades and every exterior metal part, because it reads as black in daylight without the harshness of RAL 9005 and hides dirt and pollution. It reflects only about 6 % of visible light and around 25–30 % of solar energy, so a 7016 roof or wall can reach 70–80 °C in summer sun; the paint system must be formulated for that (heat-resistant PE, or PVDF), and on roofs it is normally specified over insulated or ventilated construction. On PPGI it is supplied as 25 µm polyester (semi-gloss 30–40 or, increasingly, matt 5–15 with a fine texture that hides handling marks), as SMP/HDP for 15–20 years of colour, or as PVDF for façades — dark colours chalk and fade faster than light ones, which makes the system choice matter more here than for the whites. Substrate is DX51D+Z140 or Z275 for exposed façades and coastal sites, Z100 for fencing and interior use. We stock 0.50, 0.60 and 0.70 mm in semi-gloss and matt PE, cut sheet to 6 m, and supply PVDF and Z275 on order; our roll-formers produce trapezoidal, standing-seam and fence-panel profiles from the same coils. RAL 7024 graphite grey and 7021 black grey are the darker neighbours, 7015 slate grey the bluer one. ### Colour data | RAL code | Name | Approx. hex | Light reflectance (LRV) | Gloss (60°) | Colour tolerance | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | RAL 7016 | Anthracite grey / Anthrazitgrau | #383E42 | ≈ 6 % | 30–40 semi-gloss; 5–15 matt textured (stock) | ΔE ≤ 1.0 to RAL 841-GL; window-frame match on request | ### Which paint system holds this colour | System | Chalking | ΔE at 10 yr | Gloss kept | Typical use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | PE polyester 25 µm | moderate | 4–6 | 40–60 % | fences, gates, sheltered walls | | SMP / HDP 25 µm | low | 2–3 | 60–80 % | roofs and cladding | | PVDF 25–35 µm | very low | ≤ 1.5 | > 80 % | façades, colour warranty | | Matt-textured PE | masked by texture | 4–6 | n/a | architectural stock | _Dark colours fade and chalk faster: PE is fine for fences, gates and sheltered walls; specify HDP/SMP for roofs and PVDF for façades or any surface with a colour warranty. Matt-textured PE is the current architectural standard and hides installation marks._ ### Heat build-up and substrate choice | Colour | Solar reflectance | Approx. surface temperature | Consequence | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | RAL 9002 grey white | ≈ 70 % | 50–55 °C | cool roof | | RAL 3009 oxide red | ≈ 30 % | 65–75 °C | insulate below | | RAL 7016 anthracite | ≈ 25 % | 70–80 °C | heat-resistant system; allow thermal movement in long sheets | | RAL 9005 jet black | ≈ 5 % | 80–90 °C | PVDF only outdoors | _Long standing-seam and trapezoidal sheets in 7016 expand about 1 mm per metre between night and midday — use sliding clips / oversized holes. Z140 minimum on exposed faces; Z275 within 5 km of the sea._ ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 0.50–0.70 mm | 1 000 / 1 250 mm coil; sheet to 6 000 mm | stock — semi-gloss and matt PE | | 0.40–0.45 mm | 1 250 mm coil | to order — light cladding, fence infill | | 0.80–1.20 mm | 1 250 mm coil | to order — doors, cassettes, gates | | PVDF / Z275 | 0.60–0.80 mm | to order 4–5 weeks, 10 t | ### Weight per m² and per sheet | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 000 × 2 000 (kg) | 1 250 × 2 500 (kg) | 1 500 × 3 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 0.4 mm | 3.24 | 6.5 | 10.1 | 14.6 | | 0.5 mm | 4.03 | 8.1 | 12.6 | 18.1 | | 0.6 mm | 4.81 | 9.6 | 15.0 | 21.6 | | 0.7 mm | 5.60 | 11.2 | 17.5 | 25.2 | | 0.8 mm | 6.38 | 12.8 | 19.9 | 28.7 | | 1 mm | 7.95 | 15.9 | 24.8 | 35.8 | | 1.2 mm | 9.52 | 19.0 | 29.8 | 42.8 | _Steel at 7.85 kg/dm³ plus Z100 zinc and 25/7 µm paint (≈ 0.10 kg/m²); thickness is the total coated thickness (TCT) unless bare metal (BMT) is specified._ ### Forming, cutting and handling Forms, folds and roll-forms like any PPGI (T-bend ≤ 2T for PE; PVDF ≤ 1T); shear, slit and punch — no thermal cutting on the painted face. Every scratch on anthracite shows as a silver line: keep the film on until installed, avoid dragging, use nylon-tipped tools, and touch up with matching 7016 paint (we supply it). Matt surfaces mark less but cannot be polished — wash only. Fix with colour-matched screws or concealed clips. ### Where it is used - Façade cassettes, rain-screen and standing-seam cladding - Trapezoidal and standing-seam roofs on houses and offices - Fence panels, gates, privacy screens and garden structures - Garage and industrial doors, window and door trims - Sandwich-panel outer skins on architectural buildings - Gutters, downpipes and flashings matching 7016 windows ### RAL 7016 vs 7024 vs 9005 RAL 7024 graphite grey is a shade darker and warmer, 7021 black grey darker still, and RAL 9005 jet black is true black (PVDF only outdoors). 7016 is the one that matches the window frames and is stocked. For a lighter modern grey, RAL 9006/9007 metallic silver; for roofing that must stay cool, RAL 9002. ### Price RAL 7016 carries a colour premium of about 25 USD/t over 9002 on the PPGI list; matt-textured and PVDF systems add per system. The bands below are indicative FOB Istanbul for stock PE. - RAL 7016 · 0.50 mm PE: USD 1015–1195 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - RAL 7016 · 0.40–0.70 mm: USD 1015–1305 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing RAL 7016 PPGI sheet ships as coil — eye-to-sky on a wooden cradle, 5–25 t per coil, VCI paper and steel strapping — or as cut sheet on skids of 2–3 t with paper interleaving and edge protectors. A 20' takes one coil up to 20 t; a 40' HC two coils or 24 t of sheet. HS 7210 / 7209 / 7208 by product. - Moq: 3 t stock colour; 10 t for a special colour or PVDF - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock colours 0.40–0.70 mm: 3–7 working days; other gauges and systems 3–5 weeks - Packing: Coils 3–8 t on cradles with heavy PE film (dark faces mark easily), VCI paper, edge protectors; sheet on skids ≤ 2 t, interleaved - Container: 20' ≈ 18 t; 40' HC ≈ 24 t; cassettes crated - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing Every lot of RAL 7016 PPGI sheet carries an EN 10204 3.1 inspection certificate listing heat, chemistry, mechanical and impact results. On request we add 3.2 witnessing by a classification society or inspector, EN 10160 ultrasonic testing and supplementary impact tests at the customer's design temperature. ### How to order Specify RAL 7016, thickness, width, coil or sheet length, system (PE semi-gloss / matt PE / HDP / PVDF), zinc class (Z140 / Z275), backing coat, film and quantity; say whether it must match a window-frame 7016 (we send a sample). ### FAQ **What colour is RAL 7016?** Anthracite grey — a very dark grey with a blue undertone that reads almost black outdoors; the standard dark colour of modern façades, roofs, fences and window frames. **Does RAL 7016 PPGI get hot?** Yes — 70–80 °C in full summer sun; specify a heat-resistant paint system, insulate or ventilate below a 7016 roof and allow for thermal expansion of long sheets. **Which coating for RAL 7016 outdoors?** PE for fences, gates and sheltered walls; HDP/SMP for roofs; PVDF for façades and any 20–25-year colour warranty, because dark colours fade faster. **Is matt RAL 7016 available?** Yes — matt-textured polyester (gloss 5–15) is in stock in 0.50–0.70 mm and is the current architectural standard. **RAL 7016 or RAL 7024?** 7024 graphite grey is slightly darker and warmer; 7016 matches the window and door industry standard and is stocked. Do not mix them on one elevation. ## RAL 6005 Moss Green PPGI URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/coated/ppgi-ral-6005-moss-green/ When the planning condition says "roof in a recessive green", it means 6005. It is a small but steady colour for us: agricultural roofs, riding halls, park buildings and the fence-panel trade that wants a green to match hedges. ### What is RAL 6005 PPGI sheet? RAL 6005, Moosgrün / moss green, is a deep green with a slight blue cast — dark enough (LRV about 8 %) to be recessive against woodland and hedgerows, which is exactly why rural planning guidance across Europe names it, along with RAL 6009 fir green and 6007 bottle green, as an approved roof and cladding colour for agricultural and countryside buildings. On PPGI it is supplied as 25 µm polyester over DX51D+Z100 (Z140 for exposed roofs), semi-gloss or matt, with a grey backing coat; green pigments (phthalocyanine and chrome-oxide blends) are light-fast, so PE gives 10–15 years of colour, with SMP/PVDF for longer warranties. Its market is agricultural sheds, barns, stables and riding halls, forestry and park buildings, camp-site and sports-ground structures, garden buildings, and — the largest single use — welded-mesh and slatted fence panels, gates and posts, where 6005 has been the standard green for fifty years. As a dark colour it absorbs heat like 7016 (surface 65–75 °C in full sun) and needs insulation or ventilation below a roof. We stock 0.45 and 0.50 mm coil, roll trapezoidal and corrugated sheet and fence-panel strip from it, and fold matching flashings; 0.40 mm and 0.60–0.70 mm to order. ### Colour data | RAL code | Name | Approx. hex | Light reflectance (LRV) | Gloss (60°) | Colour tolerance | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | RAL 6005 | Moss green / Moosgrün | #0F4336 | ≈ 8 % | 30–40 semi-gloss; matt on request | ΔE ≤ 1.0 to RAL 841-GL; matches 6005 powder-coated mesh | ### Which paint system holds this colour | System | Chalking | ΔE at 10 yr | Gloss kept | Typical use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | PE polyester 25 µm | moderate | 3–5 | 45–60 % | agricultural roofs, fence panels | | SMP / HDP 25 µm | low | 2–3 | 60–80 % | exposed roofs, high-UV sites | | PVDF 25–35 µm | very low | ≤ 1.5 | > 80 % | façades, colour warranty | | Matt-textured PE | masked by texture | 3–5 | n/a | architectural stock | _Green pigments are light-fast; PE is adequate for agricultural roofs and fences, SMP/PVDF for a 20-year colour warranty or Gulf/North-African UV._ ### Recessive colours for countryside buildings | RAL | Name | LRV | Character | Stock | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 6005 | Moss green | ≈ 8 % | dark blue-green, matches hedges and mesh fencing | yes | | 6009 | Fir green | ≈ 6 % | darker, yellower — conifer woodland | to order | | 6007 | Bottle green | ≈ 5 % | darkest green, almost black | to order | | 6020 | Chrome green | ≈ 8 % | greyer, olive | to order | | 8014 | Sepia brown | ≈ 6 % | dark brown — timber and soil landscapes | to order | | 7016 | Anthracite grey | ≈ 6 % | neutral dark — accepted in most guidance | yes | _Check the local planning condition — some name the RAL number explicitly, most accept any dark recessive green, brown or grey._ ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 0.45–0.50 mm | 1 000 / 1 250 mm coil; sheet to 6 000 mm | stock — roofing, fence strip | | 0.40 mm | 1 250 mm coil | to order — cladding | | 0.60–0.70 mm | 1 250 mm coil | to order — gates, doors | | Slit strip for fence panels | 0.45–0.60 × 100–300 mm | stock coil slit to order | ### Weight per m² and per sheet | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 000 × 2 000 (kg) | 1 250 × 2 500 (kg) | 1 500 × 3 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 0.4 mm | 3.24 | 6.5 | 10.1 | 14.6 | | 0.45 mm | 3.63 | 7.3 | 11.4 | 16.3 | | 0.5 mm | 4.03 | 8.1 | 12.6 | 18.1 | | 0.6 mm | 4.81 | 9.6 | 15.0 | 21.6 | | 0.7 mm | 5.60 | 11.2 | 17.5 | 25.2 | _Steel at 7.85 kg/dm³ plus Z100 zinc and 25/7 µm paint (≈ 0.10 kg/m²); thickness is the total coated thickness (TCT) unless bare metal (BMT) is specified._ ### Forming, cutting and handling Rolls, folds and slits like any PE-coated PPGI (T-bend ≤ 2T); mechanical cutting only. Dark green shows scratches as silver lines — keep the film on, use padded tooling on fence-panel lines, and touch up with matching 6005 paint. Fence and gate fabricators combining 6005 sheet with 6005 powder-coated mesh should compare samples: the two processes give a slightly different gloss. ### Where it is used - Agricultural sheds, barns, stables and riding halls - Forestry, park, camp-site and sports-ground buildings - Slatted, louvred and welded-mesh fence panels, gates and posts - Garden buildings, carports and pergola roofs - Trapezoidal and corrugated roofing in landscape-sensitive sites - Flashings, gutters and trims matching green roofs ### RAL 6005 vs 6009 vs 7016 RAL 6009 fir green is darker and yellower, closer to conifer woodland; 6005 is the bluer, more common stock green and the one fence-panel systems use. Where a neutral dark colour is acceptable, RAL 7016 anthracite is the modern alternative; for tile-coloured rural roofs, RAL 3009. ### Price RAL 6005 carries a colour premium of about 25 USD/t over 9002 on the PPGI list; the bands below are indicative FOB Istanbul for stock PE coil and the gauge range. - RAL 6005 · 0.50 mm PE: USD 1020–1200 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - RAL 6005 · 0.40–0.70 mm: USD 1020–1310 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Packing of RAL 6005 PPGI sheet: coils on cradles (eye-to-sky, VCI wrap, four straps, 5–25 t) or sheet packs on skids up to 3 t with interleaving paper and corner protectors; 20' ≈ one coil (≤ 20 t), 40' HC ≈ two coils or 24 t of sheet. Tariff 7210 / 7209 / 7208. - Moq: 3 t stock colour; 10 t for a special colour or PVDF - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock colours 0.40–0.70 mm: 3–7 working days; other gauges and systems 3–5 weeks - Packing: Coils and slit strip 1–6 t on cradles, film and VCI; fence-panel strip in paper-wrapped bundles on pallets - Container: 20' ≈ 18 t of coil; slit strip 20 t per 20' - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing Every lot of RAL 6005 PPGI sheet carries an EN 10204 3.1 inspection certificate listing heat, chemistry, mechanical and impact results. On request we add 3.2 witnessing by a classification society or inspector, EN 10160 ultrasonic testing and supplementary impact tests at the customer's design temperature. ### How to order Specify RAL 6005, thickness, width (or slit strip width for fence panels), coil or sheet length, coating system, gloss, zinc class, film and quantity; state whether it must match an existing 6005 mesh or profile. ### FAQ **What colour is RAL 6005?** Moss green — a dark green with a slight blue cast, the standard recessive green for agricultural roofs, park buildings and fence panels. **Is RAL 6005 accepted by rural planning rules?** It is one of the most commonly named or accepted recessive colours for countryside buildings, along with 6009, 6007 and dark browns and greys — check the specific condition. **RAL 6005 or RAL 6009 for a roof?** 6009 fir green is darker and yellower; 6005 is bluer, slightly lighter and stocked. Both are accepted as recessive greens. **Does RAL 6005 fade?** Green pigments are light-fast; standard PE holds colour 10–15 years, SMP/PVDF 20–25 years. **Can you slit RAL 6005 for fence panels?** Yes — stock coil slit to 100–300 mm strips in 0.45–0.60 mm, matching 6005 powder-coated mesh. ## RAL 1018 Zinc Yellow PPGI URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/coated/ppgi-ral-1018-zinc-yellow/ Yellow is a working colour: it marks the edge of a mezzanine, the post you must not hit, the crossing you must see. Our 1018 goes into safety barriers, rack protectors and sign blanks — and, now and then, into a whole building for a brand that owns the colour. ### What is RAL 1018 PPGI sheet? RAL 1018, Zinkgelb / zinc yellow, is a clean, luminous yellow with a slight green cast — lighter and cooler than the orange-yellow RAL 1023 traffic yellow and 1021 rape yellow, and the RAL closest to the ISO 3864 safety yellow used for hazard marking. On coil-coated steel it serves two markets. The first is safety and material-handling equipment: warehouse guardrails, mezzanine edge protection, column and rack protectors, machine guards, bollard sleeves, forklift-lane barriers and site signage blanks, where the sheet is 0.8–1.2 mm, roll-formed or folded, and the colour must stay bright indoors under artificial light for years. The second is branding — logistics, retail, rental and construction companies whose corporate colour is yellow and who want the roof, fascia or whole building in it. Yellow is the hardest colour to keep: organic yellow pigments fade and chalk faster than any other under UV, and the light colour shows the chalking as a whitish bloom. Indoors a standard 25 µm polyester is fine; outdoors, HDP or PVDF (with inorganic bismuth-vanadate pigment) is the only way to hold 1018 for 10–15 years, and we quote outdoor 1018 in those systems only. Substrate DX51D+Z100 for indoor equipment, Z140–Z275 outdoors; heavier gauges (0.80–1.2 mm) are S250GD for structural guardrails. We keep a small stock of 0.50–0.70 mm PE and produce guardrail and protector profiles from 1018 coil on our roll-forming and folding lines. ### Colour data | RAL code | Name | Approx. hex | Light reflectance (LRV) | Gloss (60°) | Colour tolerance | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | RAL 1018 | Zinc yellow / Zinkgelb | #F8F32B | ≈ 55 % | 30–40 semi-gloss; 60+ high-gloss for signage | ΔE ≤ 1.5 (bright yellows: wider mill tolerance) | ### Paint system and pigment choice | System | Pigment | Indoor life | Outdoor life | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | PE polyester, organic pigment | organic | 15+ yr | 3–7 yr | stock; indoor equipment | | PE polyester, inorganic pigment | oxide / bismuth vanadate | 15+ yr | 8–12 yr | to order | | HDP, inorganic | inorganic | — | 15–20 yr | roofs, signage | | PVDF, inorganic | inorganic | — | 20–25 yr | branding, façades; 10 t | _Yellow is the least light-fast colour family: PE for indoor safety equipment only; HDP or PVDF with inorganic pigments outdoors, and expect a slightly higher colour tolerance (ΔE ≤ 1.5) between batches._ ### Safety-yellow applications and gauges | Product | Gauge | Substrate grade | System | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Warehouse guardrail and mezzanine edge barrier | 1.0–1.2 mm | S250GD+Z140 | PE (indoor) | | Column, rack and corner protectors | 0.8–1.0 mm | S250GD+Z100 | PE | | Machine guards and enclosures | 0.7–1.0 mm | DX51D+Z100 | PE | | Forklift-lane and pedestrian barriers | 1.0–1.2 mm | S250GD+Z140 | PE / HDP | | Site and road sign blanks | 0.8–1.0 mm | DX51D+Z140 | high-gloss PE / PVDF | | Branded roofing, fascia and cladding | 0.5–0.6 mm | DX51D+Z140–Z275 | HDP / PVDF | _Black chevron marking (RAL 9005) is applied by the fabricator on the yellow base; two-colour coil is not stocked._ ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 0.50–0.70 mm | 1 250 mm coil; sheet to 3 000 mm | small stock — PE | | 0.80–1.20 mm | 1 250 mm coil; sheet to 3 000 mm | to order 3–5 weeks — PE / HDP | | PVDF outdoor | 0.50–0.80 mm | to order 4–6 weeks, 10 t | | Slit strip for guardrail profiles | 1.0–1.2 × 150–400 mm | slit from order coil | ### Weight per m² and per sheet | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 000 × 2 000 (kg) | 1 250 × 2 500 (kg) | 1 500 × 3 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 0.5 mm | 4.03 | 8.1 | 12.6 | 18.1 | | 0.6 mm | 4.81 | 9.6 | 15.0 | 21.6 | | 0.7 mm | 5.60 | 11.2 | 17.5 | 25.2 | | 0.8 mm | 6.38 | 12.8 | 19.9 | 28.7 | | 1 mm | 7.95 | 15.9 | 24.8 | 35.8 | | 1.2 mm | 9.52 | 19.0 | 29.8 | 42.8 | _Steel at 7.85 kg/dm³ plus Z100 zinc and 25/7 µm paint (≈ 0.10 kg/m²); thickness is the total coated thickness (TCT) unless bare metal (BMT) is specified._ ### Forming, cutting and handling Heavier 1018 (0.8–1.2 mm) folds at 1.5–2 × t and roll-forms into guardrail C- and hat-sections; PE systems tolerate T-bend ≤ 2T, PVDF ≤ 1T. Mechanical cutting only; punched holes and cut edges are protected by the zinc and touched up with 1018 paint. Yellow shows grease and metal dust — keep the film on during fabrication. Where guardrails are bolted, use zinc-flake or yellow-passivated fasteners; black chevron stripes are applied with 9005 tape or paint after installation. ### Where it is used - Warehouse guardrails, mezzanine edge and rack-end protection - Column, corner and bollard protectors - Machine guards, enclosures and safety covers - Site, road and warehouse sign blanks - Branded roofs, fascias, kiosks and rental-equipment bodies - Playground, sports and leisure structures ### RAL 1018 vs 1023 vs 1003 RAL 1023 traffic yellow is warmer and more orange (road marking, Post yellow), RAL 1003 signal yellow warmer still; 1018 is the cooler, greener safety yellow that matches ISO 3864 hazard marking and most guardrail systems. For the base colour of a building with yellow branding stripes, most projects use RAL 9002 or RAL 7016 with 1018 details. ### Price Bright yellows carry the highest colour premium on the PPGI list (about 40 USD/t for PE, more for HDP/PVDF with inorganic pigments) and heavier gauges are priced separately; the bands below are indicative FOB Istanbul. - RAL 1018 · 0.50–0.70 mm PE: USD 1030–1320 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - RAL 1018 · 0.80–1.2 mm HDP / PVDF: USD 1110–1400 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing RAL 1018 PPGI sheet ships as coil — eye-to-sky on a wooden cradle, 5–25 t per coil, VCI paper and steel strapping — or as cut sheet on skids of 2–3 t with paper interleaving and edge protectors. A 20' takes one coil up to 20 t; a 40' HC two coils or 24 t of sheet. HS 7210 / 7209 / 7208 by product. - Moq: 3 t stock colour; 10 t for a special colour or PVDF - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock colours 0.40–0.70 mm: 3–7 working days; other gauges and systems 3–5 weeks - Packing: Coils 3–6 t on cradles with film; heavy-gauge sheet and sign blanks on skids ≤ 2 t with paper interleaving and corner boards - Container: 20' ≈ 18 t; 40' HC ≈ 24 t of sheet - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing Documentation for RAL 1018 PPGI sheet: EN 10204 3.1 mill certificate as standard (heat number, analysis, tensile, Charpy, condition); 3.2 with an independent inspector, EN 10160 UT reports and additional low-temperature Charpy tests are available on plates above 8 mm at order. ### How to order Specify RAL 1018, thickness, width or slit strip, coil or sheet length, indoor or outdoor use (system: PE / HDP / PVDF), zinc class, substrate grade (DX51D / S250GD for guardrails), gloss, film and quantity. ### FAQ **What colour is RAL 1018?** Zinc yellow — a bright, slightly greenish safety yellow, the RAL closest to ISO 3864 hazard yellow, used for guardrails, protectors, machine guards and signage. **Does yellow PPGI fade?** Yellows are the least light-fast colours: standard PE is for indoor use; outdoors specify HDP or PVDF with inorganic pigments for 10–15+ years of colour. **RAL 1018 or RAL 1023?** 1023 traffic yellow is warmer and more orange; 1018 is cooler and greener and is the safety-equipment standard. Match the existing system. **What gauge for warehouse guardrails?** 1.0–1.2 mm on an S250GD+Z140 substrate for roll-formed barrier rails and posts; 0.8–1.0 mm for protectors and guards. **Is RAL 1018 in stock?** A small stock of 0.50–0.70 mm PE; heavier gauges and outdoor systems are made to order in 3–6 weeks (10 t for PVDF). ## Stainless Steel Sheet URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/stainless/stainless-sheet-plate/ The three grades that cover 90% of stainless demand — 304 for general and food use, 316L for chloride and coastal service, 430 for budget decorative work — from stock in 0.40–30 mm with the finish the job needs: 2B mill, BA bright, No.4 satin, hairline, mirror or PVD colour, film-protected. Cut to size, slit, laser-cut and folded on dedicated stainless tooling in Dilovası; priced per kg with EN 10204 3.1 for every sheet. ### 304 vs 316 vs 430 — which stainless steel sheet The full chemistry, mechanical and pitting-resistance comparison of 304 and 316 is on our reference site; 321 (titanium-stabilised) and 2205 duplex are supplied for high-temperature and high-chloride work on request. | | 304 / 304L (1.4301 / 1.4307) | 316 / 316L (1.4401 / 1.4404) | 430 (1.4016) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Family | Austenitic (18% Cr, 8% Ni) | Austenitic (17% Cr, 10% Ni, 2% Mo) | Ferritic (16% Cr, no Ni) | | Corrosion resistance | Good — food, kitchens, indoor/urban | Better — chlorides, coastal, chemical, pharma | Moderate — indoor, dry | | Magnetic | No (slightly after forming) | No | Yes | | Formability / deep drawing | Excellent | Very good | Fair | | Weldability | Excellent (L grades for heavy sections) | Excellent | Limited (grain growth) | | Yield / tensile | 210 / 520–720 MPa | 220 / 520–670 MPa | 260 / 450–600 MPa | | Price index (per kg) | 1.00 | 1.45–1.60 | 0.65–0.75 | | Typical use | Kitchens, tanks, fabrication, handrails, appliances | Marine, coastal façades, chemical, pools, food with brine | Appliances, trim, decorative panels, indoor cladding | ### Grade pages Each stainless grade has its own page with chemistry, mechanical properties, finishes, equivalents, kg/m² and the month's USD/MT band: 304 stainless steel sheet (1.4301, the general-purpose grade), 304L (1.4307, low-carbon welding grade), 316 stainless steel sheet (1.4401, marine and chemical), 316L (1.4404, welded process equipment), 430 stainless steel sheet (1.4016, ferritic, appliances) and 410 stainless steel sheet (1.4006, hardenable martensitic). ### Surface finishes | Finish | EN code | Appearance | Ra (µm) | Thickness | Use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2B | 2B | Smooth, semi-matt, cold-rolled | 0.1–0.5 | 0.40–6.0 mm | General, fabrication, to be polished (stock) | | BA (bright annealed) | 2R | Mirror-like, reflective | ≤ 0.1 | 0.40–2.0 mm | Appliances, trim, reflectors | | No.4 satin | 2J / 2G | Brushed, 150–180 grit | 0.3–0.6 | 0.40–6.0 mm | Kitchens, handrails, architecture (stock) | | Hairline | 2J (long grain) | Fine continuous brush | 0.2–0.4 | 0.40–3.0 mm | Lifts, panels, doors, cladding (stock) | | Mirror No.8 | 2P | Polished, reflective | ≤ 0.05 | 0.5–3.0 mm | Decorative, columns, signage | | Vibration / scotch-brite | 2K | Non-directional | 0.2–0.4 | 0.5–3.0 mm | Architecture, anti-scratch | | PVD colour | — | Gold, bronze, black, rose gold on No.4 / mirror | — | 0.6–1.5 mm | Interiors, lifts, façades | | No.1 / 1D | 1D | Hot-rolled, pickled, matt | 2–6 | 3–30 mm | Plate, tanks, structures | | Checkered / embossed | 2M | Patterned | — | 1.5–6 mm | Floors, anti-slip, decorative | _All cold-rolled finishes supplied with PE protective film (60–80 µm) on request; one side or both._ ### Thickness, sizes and weight | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 000 × 2 000 (kg) | 1 250 × 2 500 (kg) | 1 500 × 3 000 (kg) | Form / finish | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 0.40 mm | 3.17 | 6.3 | 9.9 | 14.3 | CR 2B / BA / No.4 | | 0.50 mm | 3.97 | 7.9 | 12.4 | 17.8 | CR 2B / BA / No.4 / hairline | | 0.60 mm | 4.76 | 9.5 | 14.9 | 21.4 | CR | | 0.80 mm | 6.34 | 12.7 | 19.8 | 28.5 | CR | | 1.00 mm | 7.93 | 15.9 | 24.8 | 35.7 | CR | | 1.20 mm | 9.52 | 19.0 | 29.7 | 42.8 | CR | | 1.50 mm | 11.9 | 23.8 | 37.2 | 53.5 | CR / HR | | 2.00 mm | 15.9 | 31.7 | 49.6 | 71.4 | CR / HR | | 2.50 mm | 19.8 | 39.7 | 62.0 | 89.2 | CR / HR | | 3.00 mm | 23.8 | 47.6 | 74.3 | 107 | CR 2B / HR No.1 | | 4.00 mm | 31.7 | 63.4 | 99.1 | 143 | HR No.1 / 2B | | 5.00 mm | 39.7 | 79.3 | 124 | 178 | HR No.1 | | 6 – 30 mm | 47.6 – 238 | — | — | — | HR plate No.1 | _Widths 1 000 / 1 250 / 1 500 mm (2 000 for plate); lengths 2 000 / 2 500 / 3 000 / 6 000 mm; 430 density 7.70, 316 7.98._ ### Tolerances Cold-rolled sheet to EN 10259 / ISO 9445 normal class (1.0 mm: ±0.06 mm; 2.0 mm: ±0.10 mm), hot-rolled plate to EN 10051 / EN 10029; width +3/−0 mm, length +5/−0 mm; flatness class per standard. Special tolerances on request. ### Processing: cutting, slitting, laser, folding, polishing Dedicated stainless lines (no carbon-steel contamination): slitting 20–600 mm, cut-to-length with levelling, laser cutting to 20 mm with nitrogen (oxide-free edges), water-jet, press-brake folding to 6 m with film on, polishing to No.4 / hairline / mirror, and PVD colouring via partner. Sheets can be film-protected, paper-interleaved and packed per part number. ### Applications - Commercial kitchens, food and dairy equipment, tanks and hoppers (304 2B / No.4) - Chemical, pharma, water treatment, pools, coastal façades (316L) - Lift interiors, doors, cladding, signage, handrails (No.4, hairline, mirror, PVD) - Appliances, sinks, trim (430 BA / 304) - Pressure vessels and heat exchangers (EN 10028-7 grades with 3.2) - Laser-cut parts, perforated stainless screens, floor plate ### Stainless steel sheet price per kg and per ton Indicative FOB Istanbul bands from our weekly export list for 304 2B, 316L 2B and 430 BA, full-pallet quantities; stainless is priced per kg and follows the nickel and chrome market, so the band moves weekly. Finishes add: No.4 +3–5%, hairline +5–8%, mirror +12–20%, PVD +40–80%; thin gauges (0.4–0.6 mm) sit at the top of the band, plate near the bottom. - 304 2B · 0.5–4 mm: USD 3000–3550 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - 316L 2B · 1–5 mm: USD 4850–5250 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - 430 BA · 0.5–3 mm: USD 2100–2750 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Sheets on wooden pallets with paper interleaving and PE film, corner protectors, max 2–3 t per pallet; coils eye-to-sky with paper wrap. HS code 7219 (flat-rolled stainless ≥ 600 mm): 7219.31–.35 cold-rolled by thickness, 7219.21–.24 hot-rolled. - Moq: 1 t per grade/finish; 1 × 20' (≈18–20 t) for economical freight - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau / Almaty - Lead: Stock 5–10 working days; special finishes / PVD 2–4 weeks - Packing: Pallets 2–3 t, paper interleaved, PE film, corner protectors; coils paper-wrapped - Container: 20' ≈ 18–20 t · 40' HC ≈ 22–24 t · truck 22–24 t - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1, certificate of origin; 3.2 / PMI / SASO / SONCAP on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight via London office ### Certificates EN 10204 3.1 per sheet/coil (chemistry incl. Ni, Cr, Mo; mechanicals; finish), certificate of origin; 3.2 for pressure grades; PMI (positive material identification) on request; SASO / SONCAP / EAC on request. ### How to order Send grade, thickness × width × length, finish (and film), quantity in kg or sheets, and port. Reply within one working day with price per kg, pallet list and lead time. ### FAQ **What is better, 304 or 316 stainless steel?** 316L resists chlorides (sea air, pool water, brine, de-icing salt) and many chemicals far better thanks to 2% molybdenum; 304 is adequate for kitchens, indoor and urban use at 30–40% lower cost. Choose 316L within 5 km of the coast or for chemical/pharma service. **What is the price of a 4 × 8 ft stainless steel sheet?** A 1 220 × 2 440 mm (4 × 8 ft) sheet of 304 2B at 1.0 mm weighs 23.6 kg; at the indicative band above that is roughly USD 70–85 FOB Istanbul; 316L about USD 115–125; 430 about USD 50–65. Firm price per sheet within one working day. **What is the average price of SS 304 in the UAE?** Landed Jebel Ali in pallet quantity, Turkish 304 2B typically comes in 8–15% under Dubai stockist prices; freight adds about 60–90 USD/t and duty 5%. Ask for CIF per kg. **What is a 2B finish?** The standard cold-rolled finish: annealed, pickled and lightly skin-passed — smooth, semi-matt, Ra 0.1–0.5 µm. It is the base for polishing to No.4, hairline or mirror. **Is 430 stainless steel any good?** For dry indoor use — appliance panels, trim, decorative cladding, cookware bases — yes, at 25–35% below 304. It is magnetic, less formable and not for outdoor, coastal or food-acid service. **What thicknesses and sizes are in stock?** 0.40–3.0 mm cold-rolled in 1 000, 1 250 and 1 500 mm widths (2 000–3 000 mm long), 3–30 mm hot-rolled plate to 6 000 mm; other sizes cut. **Can you supply hairline, mirror or coloured stainless?** Yes — No.4 satin, hairline, mirror No.8, vibration and PVD colours (gold, bronze, black, rose gold) with protective film, on 304 or 316L. **Do you laser-cut and fold stainless?** Yes — nitrogen laser to 20 mm, water-jet, folding to 6 m with film on, on dedicated stainless lines in Dilovası; parts ship with the sheet order. ## 304 Stainless Steel Sheet URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/stainless/304-stainless-steel-sheet/ If a part must not rust and does not live in salt or acid, it is 304: kitchen equipment, tanks, ducts, cladding, sinks, trolleys, handrails. It is the stainless sheet the Turkish market runs on, and the one we hold in every common thickness and finish for same-week loading. ### What is 304 stainless steel sheet? 304 (EN 1.4301, X5CrNi18-10) is the reference austenitic stainless steel: about 18 % chromium forms the self-healing chromium-oxide film that makes it stainless, 8 % nickel stabilises the austenitic (face-centred cubic) structure that makes it non-magnetic, tough at any temperature and extremely formable. Carbon is limited to 0.07 %, which keeps it weldable in thin sheet; for heavy welded sections the low-carbon 304L (1.4307) avoids sensitisation. It resists the atmosphere, fresh water, food acids, detergents and most organic chemicals, but not chlorides — sea air, brine, pool water and bleach pit it, and that is where 316 takes over. Mechanically it yields at 190–230 MPa and stretches 45 % or more before breaking, work-hardening strongly (which is why it draws so well and why punching needs sharp tools). Turkish stock is mostly Posco, Outokumpu, Acerinox and Yieh cold-rolled 2B coil cut to sheet; we hold 0.5–6 mm and three finishes and cut to size on our own lines. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni | N | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | ≤ 0.07 | ≤ 1.00 | ≤ 2.00 | ≤ 0.045 | ≤ 0.015 | 17.5–19.5 | 8.0–10.5 | ≤ 0.10 | _ASTM A240 Type 304 allows C ≤ 0.08 and Cr 18.0–20.0; both are supplied dual-certified._ ### Mechanical properties | Property | Requirement (EN 10088-2, cold-rolled) | Typical value | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Yield strength Rp0.2 | ≥ 230 MPa | 250–310 MPa | Rp1.0 ≥ 260 | | Tensile strength Rm | 540–750 MPa | 600–680 MPa | | | Elongation A | ≥ 45 % | 50–58 % | | | Hardness | — | ≤ 215 HB / 90 HRB | | | Impact | not required | > 100 J at −196 °C | cryogenic OK | | Magnetic | no (annealed) | slightly after cold work | | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | EN 10088 | 1.4301 | material number | | DIN | X5CrNi18-10 | historic | | AISI / ASTM A240 | 304 | US designation | | JIS G4304/4305 | SUS 304 | | | GB/T 3280 | 06Cr19Ni10 | | | UNS | S30400 | | ### Surface finishes | Finish | Description | Ra (µm) | Typical use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2B | cold-rolled, annealed, pickled, skin-passed — smooth matt-silver | 0.1–0.5 | the stock finish: tanks, ducts, hidden and industrial parts | | 2D | cold-rolled, annealed, pickled — dull | 0.4–1.0 | deep drawing, parts to be polished | | BA (2R) | bright annealed — mirror-like, reflective | ≤ 0.1 | appliances, cladding, decorative | | No. 4 / 2J (satin) | brushed with 150–240 grit | 0.3–0.6 | kitchens, lifts, handrails, façades | | HL (hairline) | long continuous brush lines | 0.3–0.5 | architecture, doors, panels | | No. 8 / 2P (mirror) | polished to mirror | ≤ 0.05 | decorative, signage | | 1D | hot-rolled, annealed, pickled — rough | 2–6 | plate ≥ 3 mm, structural, tanks | | Embossed / patterned | rolled pattern (linen, leather, checker) | — | anti-slip, decorative, lifts | _All cold-rolled finishes are delivered with a PE / PVC protective film on the good side; 1D plate is unfilmed. Order the finish with the grade, e.g. "1.4301 2B 1.5 mm"._ ### Corrosion resistance — where 304 is enough | Environment | 304 | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | Indoor, kitchens, food processing | excellent | the standard food-contact grade | | Urban / rural atmosphere | good | tea-staining possible near the coast | | Fresh water, dairy, wine, beer | good | CIP cleaning with chlorides limited | | Marine / coastal within 5 km | poor | pitting — use 316 | | Swimming pools, bleach, brine | poor | use 316 / duplex | | Dilute organic acids | good | | | Hydrochloric acid, chlorides | not suitable | | | Heat, continuous | to 850 °C | scaling above; 310 for higher | ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 0.5–1.0 mm | 1 000 / 1 250 × 2 000 / 2 500; coil 1 000 / 1 250 | stock 2B, BA, No.4 | | 1.2–3.0 mm | 1 000 / 1 250 / 1 500 × 2 500 / 3 000 | stock 2B, No.4 | | 4–6 mm | 1 250 / 1 500 × 3 000 / 6 000 | stock 2B / 1D | | 8–30 mm plate | 1 500 / 2 000 × 6 000, 1D | to order 1–3 weeks | ### Weight per m² and per sheet | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 000 × 2 000 (kg) | 1 250 × 2 500 (kg) | 1 500 × 3 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 0.5 mm | 3.95 | 7.9 | 12.3 | 17.8 | | 0.6 mm | 4.74 | 9.5 | 14.8 | 21.3 | | 0.8 mm | 6.32 | 12.6 | 19.8 | 28.4 | | 1 mm | 7.90 | 15.8 | 24.7 | 35.6 | | 1.2 mm | 9.48 | 19.0 | 29.6 | 42.7 | | 1.5 mm | 11.85 | 23.7 | 37.0 | 53.3 | | 2 mm | 15.80 | 31.6 | 49.4 | 71.1 | | 2.5 mm | 19.75 | 39.5 | 61.7 | 88.9 | | 3 mm | 23.70 | 47.4 | 74.1 | 106.7 | | 4 mm | 31.60 | 63.2 | 98.8 | 142.2 | | 5 mm | 39.50 | 79.0 | 123.4 | 177.8 | | 6 mm | 47.40 | 94.8 | 148.1 | 213.3 | _Density 7.9 kg/dm³; thickness tolerances to EN ISO 9445; invoiced on theoretical weight._ ### Forming, welding and finishing Deep-draws and spins beautifully (r ≈ 1.0, n ≈ 0.45 — it work-hardens hard, so anneal between deep stages); bends at 0.5–1 × t with polished tools; laser and waterjet cut cleanly (nitrogen assist for an oxide-free edge). Welds with TIG, MIG (308L/308LSi filler) or plasma; thin sheet needs no post-treatment beyond pickling or brushing the heat tint; heavy welded sections should be 304L. Never let carbon steel touch it — tools, brushes and racks must be stainless-only to avoid rust spots. Finishes are protected by film; remove within 6 months. ### Where it is used - Commercial kitchen equipment, sinks, worktops and hoods - Food, dairy and beverage tanks, vessels and pipework - Architectural cladding, lift interiors, doors and handrails - Trolleys, cabinets, hospital and laboratory furniture - HVAC ducting, exhaust and hygienic enclosures - Water tanks and heat-exchanger plates ### 304 vs 316 vs 430 316 adds 2–2.5 % molybdenum for chloride resistance — coastal, marine, pool, chemical — at about 40 % more per ton. 430 drops the nickel: magnetic, cheaper by 30 %, fine for dry indoor decorative use, weaker in corrosion and forming. 304 sits in the middle and covers 70 % of applications. For welded heavy sections use 304L. ### Price 304 sheet is priced per ton on the stainless list (nickel-driven; the band moves with the LME). The bands below are the month's indicative FOB Istanbul ranges for 2B and for the finished BA / No.4 grades. Cutting and film per piece. - 304 2B · 0.5–4 mm: USD 3000–3550 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - 304 BA / No.4 · 0.5–2 mm: USD 3150–3700 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing 304 stainless steel sheet ships as coil — eye-to-sky on a wooden cradle, 5–25 t per coil, VCI paper and steel strapping — or as cut sheet on skids of 2–3 t with paper interleaving and edge protectors. A 20' takes one coil up to 20 t; a 40' HC two coils or 24 t of sheet. HS 7210 / 7209 / 7208 by product. - Moq: 1 t (mixed sizes accepted) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock 0.5–6 mm: 3–5 working days; plate 8–30 mm 1–3 weeks - Packing: Sheets on skids ≤ 2 t with PE film, interleaving paper and edge boards; coils on cradles - Container: 20' ≈ 18–20 t; 40' HC ≈ 24 t of sheet - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing Every lot of 304 stainless steel sheet carries an EN 10204 3.1 inspection certificate listing heat, chemistry, mechanical and impact results. On request we add 3.2 witnessing by a classification society or inspector, EN 10160 ultrasonic testing and supplementary impact tests at the customer's design temperature. ### How to order Specify grade (1.4301 / 304), thickness × width × length (or coil), finish (2B / BA / No.4 / HL), film, quantity in sheets or tons and the certificate level; state food-contact or pressure use if relevant. ### FAQ **What is 304 stainless steel?** The standard 18 % chromium / 8 % nickel austenitic stainless steel (EN 1.4301, AISI 304): non-magnetic, formable, weldable and corrosion-resistant in food, water and atmospheric service — the most used stainless grade. **What is the difference between 304 and 316?** 316 contains 2–2.5 % molybdenum, which resists chloride pitting (sea air, pools, brine, chemicals); 304 has none and costs about 40 % less. Indoors and in fresh water 304 is enough. **Is 304 stainless steel magnetic?** No in the annealed condition; it becomes slightly magnetic after heavy cold work (bending, drawing) — this is normal and not a sign of a wrong grade. **What is the price of 304 stainless steel sheet?** Quoted per ton FOB Istanbul — see the indicative band above; it follows the nickel price. Per sheet: 1.5 × 1 250 × 2 500 mm 2B weighs 37 kg. **What does 2B finish mean?** Cold-rolled, annealed, pickled and lightly skin-passed — the smooth matt-silver standard mill finish on which all other finishes are made. **What thickness of 304 sheet do you stock?** 0.5 to 6 mm in 1 000–1 500 mm widths, 2B / BA / No.4 finish, at Dilovası; plate 8–30 mm to order. ## 304L Stainless Steel Sheet URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/stainless/304l-stainless-steel-sheet/ A welded stainless tank is only as good as its heat-affected zone, and 304L is what keeps that zone from rusting along the weld years later. Most modern 304 coil is melted to 304L limits anyway and dual-certified; where the specification says 304L, we supply the certificate that says it. ### What is 304L stainless steel sheet? When austenitic stainless steel is held between about 450 and 850 °C — the temperature a weld's heat-affected zone passes through — carbon combines with chromium to form Cr₂₃C₆ carbides at the grain boundaries, stripping chromium from the metal beside them. The depleted zone corrodes preferentially: weld decay, or sensitisation. The cure is to have too little carbon to matter, and 304L (Low carbon, ≤ 0.03 %) is exactly that: the chemistry of 304 with the carbon halved, at the cost of about 20 MPa of yield strength. Nitrogen is often added (1.4307 allows ≤ 0.10 %) to claw some of that back. For sheet under about 3 mm the difference rarely matters — the weld cools too fast to sensitise — but for tanks, vessels, pipework and anything with multi-pass welds, 304L is the specified grade, and pressure-vessel codes (EN 13445, ASME VIII) list it by name. 1.4307 (18/9) is the European stock version; 1.4306 (19/11) is the higher-nickel, more corrosion-resistant variant used for cryogenic and chemical work. Most current 304 coil is melted to L-limits and dual-certified 1.4301/1.4307 — ask for the dual certificate if either may be needed. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni | N | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | ≤ 0.030 | ≤ 1.00 | ≤ 2.00 | ≤ 0.045 | ≤ 0.015 | 17.5–19.5 | 8.0–10.5 | ≤ 0.10 | _1.4306: Cr 18.0–20.0, Ni 10.0–12.0. ASTM 304L: Cr 18.0–20.0, Ni 8.0–12.0._ ### Mechanical properties | Property | Requirement (EN 10088-2, cold-rolled) | Typical value | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Yield strength Rp0.2 | ≥ 220 MPa | 240–290 MPa | | | Tensile strength Rm | 520–700 MPa | 560–640 MPa | | | Elongation A | ≥ 45 % | 50–60 % | | | Hardness | — | ≤ 200 HB | | | Impact at −196 °C | ≥ 60 J (1.4306) | > 100 J | cryogenic grade | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | EN 10088 | 1.4307 / 1.4306 | material number | | DIN | X2CrNi18-9 / X2CrNi19-11 | historic | | AISI / ASTM A240 | 304L | US designation | | JIS G4304/4305 | SUS 304L | | | GB/T 3280 | 022Cr19Ni10 | | | UNS | S30403 | | ### Finishes for welded work | Finish | As delivered | After welding | | --- | --- | --- | | 2B | skin-passed matt silver, filmed | brush or pickle the seam; blends well | | 1D (hot-rolled plate) | rough pickled surface, unfilmed | no cosmetic work needed; pickle heat tint | | BA | bright reflective | seam always visible — use only where welds are hidden | | No.4 satin | brushed 180 grit, filmed | re-brush seam lengthwise after grinding | | Electropolished | smooth, passive, Ra ≤ 0.4 | for pharma / hygienic tanks after fabrication | _For tank shells order 2B or 1D; decorative finishes on welded parts double the finishing labour._ ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 1.0–3.0 mm | 1 000 / 1 250 / 1 500 × 2 500 / 3 000, 2B | stock (dual 304/304L) | | 4–6 mm | 1 500 × 3 000 / 6 000, 2B or 1D | stock | | 8–30 mm plate | 1 500 / 2 000 × 6 000, 1D | to order 1–3 weeks | ### Weight per m² and per sheet | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 000 × 2 000 (kg) | 1 250 × 2 500 (kg) | 1 500 × 3 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 mm | 7.90 | 15.8 | 24.7 | 35.6 | | 1.2 mm | 9.48 | 19.0 | 29.6 | 42.7 | | 1.5 mm | 11.85 | 23.7 | 37.0 | 53.3 | | 2 mm | 15.80 | 31.6 | 49.4 | 71.1 | | 2.5 mm | 19.75 | 39.5 | 61.7 | 88.9 | | 3 mm | 23.70 | 47.4 | 74.1 | 106.7 | | 4 mm | 31.60 | 63.2 | 98.8 | 142.2 | | 5 mm | 39.50 | 79.0 | 123.4 | 177.8 | | 6 mm | 47.40 | 94.8 | 148.1 | 213.3 | | 8 mm | 63.20 | 126.4 | 197.5 | 284.4 | | 10 mm | 79.00 | 158.0 | 246.9 | 355.5 | | 12 mm | 94.80 | 189.6 | 296.3 | 426.6 | _Density 7.9 kg/dm³; tolerances EN ISO 9445 (cold-rolled) / EN 10029 (plate)._ ### Welding, forming and pickling Weld with 308L (or 316L) filler by TIG, MIG, plasma or SAW; no preheat, interpass ≤ 150 °C, no post-weld heat treatment needed for corrosion resistance. Pickle or brush the heat tint (Cr-depleted oxide) to restore the passive film — a pickling paste or electropolishing on food and pharma work. Forms like 304; slightly softer. Keep carbon-steel contamination away: dedicated stainless tools and racks. ### Where it is used - Welded tanks, silos and vessels for food, water and chemicals - Process pipework, headers and manifolds - Pressure vessels to EN 13445 / ASME VIII - Cryogenic equipment (1.4306) - Heavy welded fabrications and skids - Boat and truck tanks ### 304L vs 304 — when the L matters Under 3 mm and for single-pass welds, 304 is fine and slightly stronger; for multi-pass welds, thick plate, pressure vessels and anything that will see 450–850 °C in service, specify 304L. Price difference about 50 USD/t. For chloride environments the same logic applies to 316 and 316L. ### Price 304L carries a small premium over 304 (about 50 USD/t) and plate a further premium; the bands below are indicative FOB Istanbul and follow the nickel price. - 304L 2B · 1–6 mm: USD 3050–3600 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - 304L 1D plate · 8–30 mm: USD 3100–3650 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing We load 304L stainless steel sheet as slit or master coils on cradles (VCI paper, strapped, 5–25 t) or as cut-to-length sheet on skids (≤ 3 t, interleaved, edge boards); a 20' container carries one coil to 20 t, a 40' HC two coils or 24 t of sheet. HS 7210 / 7209 / 7208. - Moq: 1 t - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock 1–6 mm: 3–5 working days; plate 1–3 weeks - Packing: Sheets on skids ≤ 2 t, film, interleaving; plate loose on bearers - Container: 20' ≈ 18–20 t; 40' HC ≈ 24 t - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing 304L stainless steel sheet ships with EN 10204 3.1 certificates cross-referenced to the stencilled heat numbers. Where the project requires it we arrange 3.2 certification with Lloyd's, BV, TÜV or SGS, ultrasonic examination to EN 10160 and Charpy testing at the temperature you specify. ### How to order Specify 1.4307 (or 1.4306 for cryogenic), thickness × width × length, finish, film, quantity, certificate (3.1 dual, 3.2) and the code if pressure-related. ### FAQ **What is the difference between 304 and 304L?** 304L has carbon limited to 0.03 % (304: 0.07 %) so welded joints do not sensitise and corrode along the heat-affected zone; it is about 20 MPa lower in yield. Most 304 coil today is dual-certified 304/304L. **When should I use 304L instead of 304?** For multi-pass or heavy welding, plate over 3 mm, pressure vessels and tanks, and any service between 450 and 850 °C. **What is 1.4307 vs 1.4306?** Both are 304L: 1.4307 is the 18 % Cr / 9 % Ni stock version, 1.4306 the 19 % Cr / 11 % Ni variant with better corrosion resistance and cryogenic toughness. **Does 304L need post-weld heat treatment?** No — that is its purpose. Only pickling or brushing of the heat tint is required to restore the passive surface. ## 316 Stainless Steel Sheet URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/stainless/316-stainless-steel-sheet/ The coast is where 304 tea-stains and 316 stays bright. Any stainless within a few kilometres of the sea, in a pool hall, a chemical plant or a dishwasher tunnel is 316 — and in the Gulf, where every project is coastal, it is the grade our stainless enquiries start with. ### What is 316 stainless steel sheet? 316 (EN 1.4401) is 304 rebuilt for chlorides: 2–2.5 % molybdenum raises the pitting resistance equivalent (PREN) from about 19 to 24–26, and a little more nickel keeps the structure austenitic despite the ferrite-forming Mo. The passive film that chloride ions puncture on 304 holds on 316 in sea spray, pool atmospheres, brines up to a few hundred ppm chloride at moderate temperature, sulphuric and phosphoric acids in useful ranges, and the hot detergent cycles of dishwashers and CIP systems. It is also the standard for pharmaceutical, surgical and food-contact parts where 304 is marginal. Carbon is 0.07 % max; the low-carbon 316L (1.4404) is the welding version and most modern coil is dual-certified. Strength and formability are close to 304 — slightly higher yield, slightly less elongation — and the price is about 40 % higher because of the molybdenum and nickel. It is not stainless in everything: hot concentrated chlorides, hydrochloric acid and stagnant seawater still pit it, and duplex or super-austenitic grades take over there. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni | Mo | N | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | ≤ 0.07 | ≤ 1.00 | ≤ 2.00 | ≤ 0.045 | ≤ 0.015 | 16.5–18.5 | 10.0–13.0 | 2.00–2.50 | ≤ 0.10 | _ASTM 316: C ≤ 0.08, Cr 16–18, Ni 10–14, Mo 2–3. PREN = Cr + 3.3 Mo + 16 N ≈ 24–26._ ### Mechanical properties | Property | Requirement (EN 10088-2, cold-rolled) | Typical value | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Yield strength Rp0.2 | ≥ 240 MPa | 270–330 MPa | | | Tensile strength Rm | 530–680 MPa | 580–650 MPa | | | Elongation A | ≥ 40 % | 45–55 % | | | Hardness | — | ≤ 215 HB | | | Magnetic | no | slightly after cold work | | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | EN 10088 | 1.4401 | material number | | DIN | X5CrNiMo17-12-2 | historic | | AISI / ASTM A240 | 316 | US designation | | JIS G4304/4305 | SUS 316 | | | GB/T 3280 | 06Cr17Ni12Mo2 | | | UNS | S31600 | | ### Finishes for marine and architectural use | Finish | Ra (µm) | Coastal performance | Used for | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | BA (2R) | ≤ 0.1 | best — least tea-staining | cladding, lift doors, signage | | Electropolished | ≤ 0.3 | best | railings, fixings, pool equipment | | 2B | 0.1–0.5 | good | tanks, ducts, hidden parts | | HL hairline | 0.3–0.5 | good if lines run vertical (drains water) | façades, doors, columns | | No.4 satin | 0.3–0.6 | fair — grooves hold salt | handrails, counters; rinse regularly | | 1D plate | 2–6 | poor untreated — pickle and passivate | structural, heavy tanks | _Rule for the coast: the smoother and cleaner the surface, the longer 316 stays bright. Rough, ground or heat-tinted areas pit first._ ### Corrosion resistance — where 316 is needed | Environment | 304 | 316 | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Coastal atmosphere (< 5 km from sea) | tea-staining, pitting | good | 316 minimum; rinse regularly | | Marine splash / deck fittings | poor | fair–good | duplex for immersion | | Indoor swimming pools | poor | fair | stress corrosion risk above 60 °C — use 1.4529 / duplex for load-bearing | | Brine, pickling, dishwashers | poor | good | | | Sulphuric acid ≤ 5 %, phosphoric acid | fair | good | | | Pharma / surgical / CIP | fair | good | the specified grade | | Hydrochloric acid, hot chlorides | no | no | Hastelloy / titanium | ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 1.0–3.0 mm | 1 000 / 1 250 / 1 500 × 2 500 / 3 000, 2B / No.4 | stock (dual 316/316L) | | 4–6 mm | 1 500 × 3 000 / 6 000, 2B / 1D | stock, limited | | 0.5–0.8 mm | 1 000 / 1 250, BA / 2B | to order 1–3 weeks | | 8–30 mm plate | 1 500 / 2 000 × 6 000, 1D | to order 2–3 weeks | ### Weight per m² and per sheet | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 000 × 2 000 (kg) | 1 250 × 2 500 (kg) | 1 500 × 3 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 mm | 8.00 | 16.0 | 25.0 | 36.0 | | 1.2 mm | 9.60 | 19.2 | 30.0 | 43.2 | | 1.5 mm | 12.00 | 24.0 | 37.5 | 54.0 | | 2 mm | 16.00 | 32.0 | 50.0 | 72.0 | | 2.5 mm | 20.00 | 40.0 | 62.5 | 90.0 | | 3 mm | 24.00 | 48.0 | 75.0 | 108.0 | | 4 mm | 32.00 | 64.0 | 100.0 | 144.0 | | 5 mm | 40.00 | 80.0 | 125.0 | 180.0 | | 6 mm | 48.00 | 96.0 | 150.0 | 216.0 | | 8 mm | 64.00 | 128.0 | 200.0 | 288.0 | | 10 mm | 80.00 | 160.0 | 250.0 | 360.0 | _Density 8.0 kg/dm³; tolerances EN ISO 9445._ ### Forming, welding and finishing Forms and draws like 304 with a little more spring-back; laser, waterjet and plasma cut cleanly; bends at 1 × t. Weld with 316L filler (TIG/MIG/plasma), no preheat, interpass ≤ 150 °C; pickle or brush all heat tint — on 316 an unremoved tint is the first place chloride pitting starts. For heavy welding specify 316L. Satin and hairline finishes are standard for architectural marine work; passivate after fabrication for pharma. ### Where it is used - Coastal and marine architecture: cladding, railings, fixings - Swimming-pool and spa equipment, ladders, grilles - Chemical, pharmaceutical and food process equipment - Dishwasher, laundry and CIP tunnels - Boat fittings, deck hardware and tanks - Water treatment, desalination pre-treatment and brine systems ### 316 vs 304 vs 316L 304 is the indoor and fresh-water grade at 60–70 % of the price; 316 is the chloride grade. 316L is 316 with carbon ≤ 0.03 % for welded tanks and vessels — and since most coil is dual-certified, it is usually what you get anyway. Above 316 sit duplex 1.4462 and super-austenitic 1.4529 for hot chlorides, available to order. ### Price 316 is about 40 % dearer than 304 per ton (molybdenum + nickel); the bands below are indicative FOB Istanbul for 2B stock and finished surfaces, moving with the LME. - 316 2B · 1–6 mm: USD 4850–5250 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - 316 No.4 / BA: USD 5000–5400 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Packing of 316 stainless steel sheet: coils on cradles (eye-to-sky, VCI wrap, four straps, 5–25 t) or sheet packs on skids up to 3 t with interleaving paper and corner protectors; 20' ≈ one coil (≤ 20 t), 40' HC ≈ two coils or 24 t of sheet. Tariff 7210 / 7209 / 7208. - Moq: 1 t - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock 1–6 mm: 3–5 working days; thin gauges and plate 1–3 weeks - Packing: Sheets on skids ≤ 2 t, film, interleaving - Container: 20' ≈ 18–20 t; 40' HC ≈ 24 t - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing 316 stainless steel sheet ships with EN 10204 3.1 certificates cross-referenced to the stencilled heat numbers. Where the project requires it we arrange 3.2 certification with Lloyd's, BV, TÜV or SGS, ultrasonic examination to EN 10160 and Charpy testing at the temperature you specify. ### How to order Specify 1.4401 (or 1.4404), thickness × width × length, finish, film, quantity, certificate and the environment (coastal, pool, chemical) — we confirm the grade is right or suggest an alternative. ### FAQ **What is 316 stainless steel?** An austenitic stainless steel with 17 % Cr, 11 % Ni and 2–2.5 % Mo (EN 1.4401, AISI 316) — the marine and chemical grade, resistant to chloride pitting where 304 fails. **Is 316 better than 304?** In chloride environments — sea air, pools, brine, many chemicals — yes; indoors and in fresh water 304 performs the same at 60–70 % of the price. **Is 316 stainless steel magnetic?** No in the annealed state; very slightly after heavy cold forming. **What is the price of 316 stainless steel?** About 40 % above 304 per ton FOB Istanbul — see the band above; it follows nickel and molybdenum prices. **What is 316 vs 316L?** 316L has carbon ≤ 0.03 % for welding without sensitisation; otherwise identical. Most stock is dual-certified 316/316L. **Can 316 be used in swimming pools?** For non-load-bearing parts yes; for load-bearing fixings in warm, chlorinated indoor pool air, 1.4529 or duplex is required because of stress-corrosion cracking risk. ## 316L Stainless Steel Sheet URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/stainless/316l-stainless-steel-sheet/ Every stainless tank drawing from a pharmaceutical, chemical or desalination project says 316L: welded, pickled, passivated, and expected not to rust along its seams for thirty years. It is the grade behind our stainless plate and heavy-sheet enquiries from the Gulf and North Africa, and we keep the sheet range in stock with dual 3.1 certificates. ### What is 316L stainless steel sheet? 316L combines the two things process engineers ask of a stainless steel: chloride resistance from 2–2.5 % molybdenum, and immunity to weld sensitisation from a carbon content held at or below 0.03 %. The result — EN 1.4404, X2CrNiMo17-12-2 — is the default material of welded process equipment: reactor and storage tanks, heat-exchanger shells, pipework and manifolds, pharmaceutical and biotech vessels (with electropolished 2B or BA surfaces), desalination pre-treatment, marine tanks and deck equipment. Yield is a little lower than 316 (220 vs 240 MPa) and nitrogen is often added to recover it; 1.4432 is the same steel with 2.5–3.0 % Mo for harder chloride duty, and 1.4435 the higher-nickel pharma variant. Practically all 316 coil rolled today meets 316L carbon limits and is dual-certified 1.4401/1.4404, which is what we stock; the difference appears when a specification demands single-certified 316L plate for a pressure vessel, or 3.2 inspection — then we order from the mill. It is not the answer to hot concentrated chlorides or hydrochloric acid, where duplex and higher alloys take over. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni | Mo | N | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | ≤ 0.030 | ≤ 1.00 | ≤ 2.00 | ≤ 0.045 | ≤ 0.015 | 16.5–18.5 | 10.0–13.0 | 2.00–2.50 | ≤ 0.10 | _1.4432: Mo 2.5–3.0; 1.4435: Ni 12.5–15.0, Mo 2.5–3.0 (pharma). ASTM 316L: Cr 16–18, Ni 10–14, Mo 2–3._ ### Mechanical properties | Property | Requirement (EN 10088-2, cold-rolled) | Typical value | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Yield strength Rp0.2 | ≥ 220 MPa | 250–310 MPa | | | Tensile strength Rm | 520–670 MPa | 560–630 MPa | | | Elongation A | ≥ 40 % | 45–55 % | | | Hardness | — | ≤ 215 HB | | | Impact at −196 °C | ≥ 60 J | > 100 J | cryogenic OK | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | EN 10088 | 1.4404 / 1.4432 | material number | | DIN | X2CrNiMo17-12-2 / X2CrNiMo17-12-3 | historic | | AISI / ASTM A240 | 316L | US designation | | JIS G4304/4305 | SUS 316L | | | GB/T 3280 | 022Cr17Ni12Mo2 | | | UNS | S31603 | | ### Surface condition for process equipment | Specification | Finish | Ra (µm) | Where required | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Mill 2B | cold-rolled, annealed, pickled | ≤ 0.5 | general tanks, pipework | | Mill 1D | hot-rolled, annealed, pickled | 2–6 | plate shells, heavy vessels | | EHEDG / 3-A hygienic | 2B or ground | ≤ 0.8 | food and dairy contact | | ASME BPE SF1–SF3 | mechanically polished | 0.5–0.76 | biotech, pharma product contact | | ASME BPE SF4–SF6 | electropolished | 0.38–0.51 | WFI, high-purity pharma | | Pickled + passivated | any, after fabrication | — | all chloride service | _We supply mill 2B / 1D; hygienic polishing and electropolishing are done by the fabricator or on request through our partners._ ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 1.0–3.0 mm | 1 000 / 1 250 / 1 500 × 2 500 / 3 000, 2B | stock (dual 316/316L) | | 4–6 mm | 1 500 × 3 000 / 6 000, 2B / 1D | stock, limited | | 8–30 mm plate | 1 500 / 2 000 × 6 000, 1D | to order 2–3 weeks | | 1.4432 / 1.4435 | sheet and plate | to order 3–4 weeks | ### Weight per m² and per sheet | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 000 × 2 000 (kg) | 1 250 × 2 500 (kg) | 1 500 × 3 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 mm | 8.00 | 16.0 | 25.0 | 36.0 | | 1.2 mm | 9.60 | 19.2 | 30.0 | 43.2 | | 1.5 mm | 12.00 | 24.0 | 37.5 | 54.0 | | 2 mm | 16.00 | 32.0 | 50.0 | 72.0 | | 2.5 mm | 20.00 | 40.0 | 62.5 | 90.0 | | 3 mm | 24.00 | 48.0 | 75.0 | 108.0 | | 4 mm | 32.00 | 64.0 | 100.0 | 144.0 | | 5 mm | 40.00 | 80.0 | 125.0 | 180.0 | | 6 mm | 48.00 | 96.0 | 150.0 | 216.0 | | 8 mm | 64.00 | 128.0 | 200.0 | 288.0 | | 10 mm | 80.00 | 160.0 | 250.0 | 360.0 | | 12 mm | 96.00 | 192.0 | 300.0 | 432.0 | _Density 8.0 kg/dm³; tolerances EN ISO 9445 / EN 10029._ ### Welding, forming and passivation Weld with 316L filler (ER316L / E316L) by TIG, MIG, plasma or SAW; no preheat, interpass ≤ 150 °C, no PWHT for corrosion; pickle (HNO₃/HF paste) or electropolish all heat tint and passivate for chloride and pharma service. Orbital TIG for hygienic pipework. Forms like 316; bends at 1 × t; laser and waterjet cutting clean. Dedicated stainless tools, no carbon-steel contact, and no chloride-bearing cleaners on the fabricated surface. ### Where it is used - Pharmaceutical, biotech and food process vessels and skids - Chemical storage and reactor tanks - Desalination and water-treatment equipment - Marine and offshore tanks, piping and fittings - Heat-exchanger shells and tube plates - Hygienic pipework, manifolds and CIP systems ### 316L vs 316 vs 304L 316 and 316L differ only in carbon — choose L for welded equipment, and note that stock coil is usually dual-certified. 304L is the same idea without molybdenum for fresh-water and food tanks at 60–70 % of the price. For chlorides above about 500 ppm or temperatures above 60 °C, step up to duplex 1.4462 (to order). ### Price Two bands apply to 316L: cold-rolled 2B sheet from stock and hot-rolled 1D plate to order, both quoted per metric ton FOB Istanbul on the stainless list and repriced monthly against the LME nickel and molybdenum quotations. Single-certified plate for pressure vessels and 3.2 inspection are quoted per job. - 316L 2B · 1–6 mm: USD 4880–5280 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - 316L 1D plate · 8–30 mm: USD 4930–5330 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing 316L stainless steel sheet ships as coil — eye-to-sky on a wooden cradle, 5–25 t per coil, VCI paper and steel strapping — or as cut sheet on skids of 2–3 t with paper interleaving and edge protectors. A 20' takes one coil up to 20 t; a 40' HC two coils or 24 t of sheet. HS 7210 / 7209 / 7208 by product. - Moq: 1 t - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock 1–6 mm: 3–5 working days; plate 2–3 weeks - Packing: Sheets on skids ≤ 2 t, film, interleaving; plate on bearers - Container: 20' ≈ 18–20 t; 40' HC ≈ 24 t - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing 316L stainless steel sheet is delivered with the mill certificate EN 10204 3.1 — heat number, ladle analysis, tensile and impact results and the delivery condition. Third-party 3.2 certification (Lloyd's, BV, TÜV, SGS), ultrasonic testing to EN 10160 and extra Charpy tests at a lower temperature are ordered per lot. ### How to order An enquiry for 316L needs the material number (1.4404, or 1.4432 / 1.4435 where the spec demands more Mo or Ni), the size list with thickness × width × length or coil, the surface (2B, 1D, BA, electropolish), tonnage, and the certificate wording — dual 304/316L 3.1 from stock, single-certified 316L or 3.2 from the mill — plus the design code (EN 13445, ASME VIII, PED) when the material goes into a vessel. ### FAQ **What is 316L stainless steel?** The low-carbon (≤ 0.03 %) version of 316 — 17 % Cr, 11 % Ni, 2–2.5 % Mo (EN 1.4404, AISI 316L) — for welded equipment in chloride, chemical, marine and pharmaceutical service. **What is the difference between 316 and 316L?** Carbon: 316L ≤ 0.03 % avoids weld sensitisation; 316 ≤ 0.07 % is marginally stronger. Corrosion resistance is the same; most coil is dual-certified. **What is 1.4432?** 316L with 2.5–3.0 % molybdenum — higher chloride resistance for harder marine and chemical duty; 1.4435 adds nickel for pharmaceutical use. **Is 316L suitable for seawater?** For splash and spray yes; for continuous immersion in stagnant or warm seawater it can pit — duplex 1.4462 or super-austenitic 1.4529 is safer. **Do you stock 316L plate?** Sheet 1–6 mm is in stock (dual 316/316L); 1D plate 8–30 mm is supplied to order in 2–3 weeks with 3.1 or 3.2 certificates. ## 430 Stainless Steel Sheet URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/stainless/430-stainless-steel-sheet/ When a part needs to look like stainless and stay indoors, 430 does the job for two-thirds of the price: refrigerator doors, washing-machine panels, hood fronts, trims, shop counters. It is the grade our appliance and furniture customers buy by the truck, in bright-annealed and 2B, and it is magnetic — which is the quickest way to tell it from 304. ### What is 430 stainless steel sheet? 430 (EN 1.4016, X6Cr17) is the ferritic member of the standard stainless family: about 17 % chromium and no nickel, so the structure stays body-centred cubic like carbon steel — magnetic, with a yield point, less ductile and less tough than the austenitic 304, but also immune to chloride stress-corrosion cracking and, because nickel is the expensive element, cheaper and price-stable. Its chromium film resists the atmosphere, fresh water, mild detergents and food indoors; outdoors it will tea-stain and near the coast it pits, so it is an indoor and dry-service grade. Formability is adequate for bending, roll-forming and shallow pressing (elongation 20–25 %, r ≈ 1.0–1.3) but deep drawing and stretch-forming belong to 304; ridging (roping) can show on stretched BA surfaces. Welding is possible but the heat-affected zone coarsens and loses toughness — thin sheet TIG or spot welds are fine, structural welding is not its purpose. The bright-annealed (BA) finish on 430 is the mirror-like face of appliance doors and hood fronts; 2B for hidden panels and 2B/No.4 for trolleys and counters. Thickness 0.4–3 mm covers the market; we stock 0.5–3 mm. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | ≤ 0.08 | ≤ 1.00 | ≤ 1.00 | ≤ 0.040 | ≤ 0.015 | 16.0–18.0 | _No nickel (≤ 0.75 residual in ASTM). Stabilised variants 1.4509 (441, Ti/Nb) and 1.4510 (439, Ti) weld and form better._ ### Mechanical properties | Property | Requirement (EN 10088-2, cold-rolled) | Typical value | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Yield strength Rp0.2 | ≥ 260 MPa | 280–340 MPa | | | Tensile strength Rm | 450–600 MPa | 480–540 MPa | | | Elongation A | ≥ 20 % | 22–28 % | | | Hardness | — | ≤ 180 HB | | | Magnetic | yes | strongly | ferritic | | Impact | not required | low below 0 °C | not for cryogenic | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | EN 10088 | 1.4016 | material number | | DIN | X6Cr17 | historic | | AISI / ASTM A240 | 430 | US designation | | JIS G4304/4305 | SUS 430 | | | GB/T 3280 | 10Cr17 | | | UNS | S43000 | | ### Finishes — BA is the appliance standard | Finish | Look | Product examples | | --- | --- | --- | | BA (bright annealed) | mirror-like, slight haze | refrigerator doors, hood fronts, oven panels, trims | | 2B | matt silver | hidden panels, shelving, trolleys, cabinets | | No.4 satin | brushed | counters, display cases, indoor cladding | | Embossed (linen / leather) | patterned, hides fingerprints | lift interiors, appliance sides, doors | | Anti-fingerprint coated BA | clear organic coating | premium appliance fronts (to order) | _BA on 430 shows ridging if stretch-formed — keep forming to bending and shallow drawing. Film stays on until final assembly._ ### Where 430 is enough — and where it is not | Application | 430 | 304 | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Appliance panels, hood fronts, fridge doors | ideal | over-specified | BA finish | | Indoor decorative trims, counters, cladding | good | good | dry indoor only | | Catering trolleys, shelving (dry) | good | better | | | Sinks, wet kitchens, dishwashers | marginal | ideal | chlorides + wet | | Outdoor, coastal, pools | no | 304 marginal, 316 | | | Deep-drawn parts | no | ideal | ridging, low elongation | | Welded tanks and vessels | no | 304L | HAZ embrittlement | | Exhaust and heat (to 800 °C) | good | good | 1.4509 better | ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 0.5–1.0 mm | 1 000 / 1 250 × 2 000 / 2 500; coil | stock BA and 2B | | 1.2–2.0 mm | 1 000 / 1 250 × 2 500 | stock 2B | | 2.5–3.0 mm | 1 250 × 2 500 | stock, limited | | 0.4 mm, 4–6 mm | sheet / coil | to order 1–3 weeks | ### Weight per m² and per sheet | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 000 × 2 000 (kg) | 1 250 × 2 500 (kg) | 1 500 × 3 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 0.5 mm | 3.85 | 7.7 | 12.0 | 17.3 | | 0.6 mm | 4.62 | 9.2 | 14.4 | 20.8 | | 0.7 mm | 5.39 | 10.8 | 16.8 | 24.3 | | 0.8 mm | 6.16 | 12.3 | 19.3 | 27.7 | | 1 mm | 7.70 | 15.4 | 24.1 | 34.7 | | 1.2 mm | 9.24 | 18.5 | 28.9 | 41.6 | | 1.5 mm | 11.55 | 23.1 | 36.1 | 52.0 | | 2 mm | 15.40 | 30.8 | 48.1 | 69.3 | | 2.5 mm | 19.25 | 38.5 | 60.2 | 86.6 | | 3 mm | 23.10 | 46.2 | 72.2 | 104.0 | _Density 7.7 kg/dm³; tolerances EN ISO 9445._ ### Forming, welding and finishing Bends at 1–1.5 × t (transverse) and roll-forms readily; avoid stretch-forming and deep draws (ridging, cracking); laser cuts cleanly. Spot and TIG welding of thin sheet with 430 or 308L/309L filler, low heat input, and post-weld brushing; keep welds off visible BA faces. The BA surface scratches easily — keep the film on until final assembly. Never store or process together with carbon steel. ### Where it is used - Refrigerator, dishwasher and washing-machine panels and doors - Cooker hoods, oven fronts and appliance trims - Shop counters, display cases and indoor cladding - Catering trolleys, dry shelving and cabinets - Decorative trims, sign blanks and household ware - Exhaust and heat shields (with 1.4509 / 441) ### 430 vs 304 304 is non-magnetic, far more formable, weldable and corrosion-resistant, and 30–40 % dearer. 430 is the right choice when the part is flat or lightly formed, stays dry and indoors, and price matters — appliance and decorative work. Where a magnetic grade with better welding is needed, the stabilised 1.4509 (441) or 1.4510 (439) are available to order; for hardening and wear, 410. ### Price 430 is priced nickel-free and therefore about 30–40 % below 304 and more stable month to month; the bands below are indicative FOB Istanbul for 2B stock and BA finish. - 430 2B · 0.5–3 mm: USD 2100–2750 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - 430 BA · 0.5–1.5 mm: USD 2200–2850 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing 430 stainless steel sheet ships as coil — eye-to-sky on a wooden cradle, 5–25 t per coil, VCI paper and steel strapping — or as cut sheet on skids of 2–3 t with paper interleaving and edge protectors. A 20' takes one coil up to 20 t; a 40' HC two coils or 24 t of sheet. HS 7210 / 7209 / 7208 by product. - Moq: 1 t - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock 0.5–3 mm: 3–5 working days; other gauges 1–3 weeks - Packing: Sheets on skids ≤ 2 t, film, interleaving; coils on cradles - Container: 20' ≈ 18–20 t; 40' HC ≈ 24 t - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing Every lot of 430 stainless steel sheet carries an EN 10204 3.1 inspection certificate listing heat, chemistry, mechanical and impact results. On request we add 3.2 witnessing by a classification society or inspector, EN 10160 ultrasonic testing and supplementary impact tests at the customer's design temperature. ### How to order Specify 1.4016 / 430, thickness × width × length, finish (BA / 2B / No.4), film, quantity and whether parts will be stretch-formed or welded — we may suggest 1.4509 or 304 instead. ### FAQ **What is 430 stainless steel?** A ferritic stainless steel with 16–18 % chromium and no nickel (EN 1.4016, AISI 430): magnetic, bright, economical, used for appliance panels, hoods, trims and indoor decorative sheet. **Is 430 stainless steel magnetic?** Yes, strongly — its ferritic structure is magnetic like carbon steel; that is the simplest way to tell it from 304. **What is the difference between 430 and 304?** 430 has no nickel: it is magnetic, cheaper by 30–40 %, less corrosion-resistant, less formable and harder to weld; 304 is the all-round austenitic grade. **Does 430 stainless rust?** Indoors and dry, no; outdoors it tea-stains and near the coast or with chlorides it pits — use 304 or 316 there. **Can 430 be used for kitchen sinks?** Budget sinks are made from it, but wet chloride exposure (detergents, salty water) causes staining over time; 304 is the durable choice. ## 410 Stainless Steel Sheet URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/stainless/410-stainless-steel-sheet/ 410 is stainless for things that cut, slide or seal: a knife blank, a screen plate, a valve seat. Softer grades rust or wear, harder tool steels rust — 410 hardens in the furnace and shrugs off water and steam. We source it to order, annealed and ready for heat treatment, in the gauges the cutlery and valve trades use. ### What is 410 stainless steel sheet? 410 (EN 1.4006, X12Cr13) belongs to the martensitic group: with 12–13 % chromium it is just stainless enough for water, steam, food and mild atmospheres, and with 0.08–0.15 % carbon it transforms to martensite on quenching — the same hardening mechanism as tool steel. Supplied annealed (≤ 200 HB, tensile ≤ 730 MPa), it bends, blanks and machines readily; hardened from 950–1 000 °C in oil or air and tempered at 200–300 °C it reaches 38–45 HRC with a tensile strength of 1 200–1 500 MPa, or tempered at 600–700 °C it gives a tough 800–900 MPa. That two-stage life — soft to form, hard in service — is why 410 is the steel of cutlery and knife blanks, screen and sieve plates, valve trim, pump shafts and impellers, turbine blades, fasteners and wear liners in food and water plants. Corrosion resistance is below 430 in the hardened condition and well below 304; it is magnetic at all times. Welding needs preheat (200–300 °C) and post-weld tempering because the HAZ hardens and cracks otherwise, so it is not a fabrication grade. 420 (1.4021, 0.2–0.4 % C) is the harder cutlery version and 1.4028 the surgical-blade grade, both available to order. ### Chemical composition | Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | max. % (ladle) | 0.08–0.15 | ≤ 1.00 | ≤ 1.50 | ≤ 0.040 | ≤ 0.015 | 11.5–13.5 | ≤ 0.75 | _ASTM 410: C ≤ 0.15, Cr 11.5–13.5. 420 (1.4021): C 0.16–0.25; 1.4028: C 0.26–0.35._ ### Mechanical properties and heat treatment | Condition | Yield Rp0.2 (MPa) | Tensile Rm (MPa) | Elongation / hardness | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Annealed +A (as delivered) | ≥ 250 | ≤ 730 | A ≥ 15 %, ≤ 200 HB | | +QT650 (hardened, tempered 650 °C) | ≥ 450 | 650–850 | A ≥ 15 % | | +QT800 (tempered 600 °C) | ≥ 600 | 800–1 000 | A ≥ 12 % | | Hardened, tempered 200–300 °C | ≈ 1 000 | 1 200–1 500 | 38–45 HRC | | Hardening | 950–1 000 °C, oil or air quench | — | temper immediately | | Magnetic | yes | — | all conditions | ### Equivalent grades | System | Grade | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | EN 10088 | 1.4006 | material number | | DIN | X12Cr13 / X10Cr13 | historic | | AISI / ASTM A240 | 410 | US designation | | JIS G4304/4305 | SUS 410 | | | GB/T 3280 | 12Cr13 | | | UNS | S41000 | | ### Delivery condition and surface | Stage | Condition | Surface | Hardness | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | As delivered, sheet | annealed (+A) | 2B, filmed | ≤ 200 HB | | As delivered, plate | annealed (+A) | 1D pickled | ≤ 200 HB | | After forming and blanking | annealed | as delivered | — | | After hardening and tempering | +QT | oxide scale — grind / blast | 38–45 HRC or as specified | | After grinding and polishing | +QT | No.4, mirror or ground | unchanged | | After passivation | +QT | clean, passive | unchanged | _Hardened material cannot be bent; do all forming before heat treatment and allow for scale removal in the thickness._ ### Thickness range and stock sizes | Thickness | Widths × lengths | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | | 1.0–3.0 mm | 1 000 / 1 250 × 2 000 / 2 500, 2B annealed | to order 3–5 weeks | | 4–6 mm | 1 250 / 1 500 × 3 000, 1D annealed | to order 3–5 weeks | | 420 / 1.4028 | sheet 1–4 mm | to order 4–6 weeks | ### Weight per m² and per sheet | Thickness | kg/m² | 1 000 × 2 000 (kg) | 1 250 × 2 500 (kg) | 1 500 × 3 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 mm | 7.70 | 15.4 | 24.1 | 34.7 | | 1.5 mm | 11.55 | 23.1 | 36.1 | 52.0 | | 2 mm | 15.40 | 30.8 | 48.1 | 69.3 | | 2.5 mm | 19.25 | 38.5 | 60.2 | 86.6 | | 3 mm | 23.10 | 46.2 | 72.2 | 104.0 | | 4 mm | 30.80 | 61.6 | 96.3 | 138.6 | | 5 mm | 38.50 | 77.0 | 120.3 | 173.3 | | 6 mm | 46.20 | 92.4 | 144.4 | 207.9 | _Density 7.7 kg/dm³; tolerances EN ISO 9445 / EN 10051._ ### Forming, heat treatment and welding Form, blank and machine in the annealed condition (bend 1.5–2 × t); harden after forming at 950–1 000 °C with oil or air quench and temper within an hour — 200–300 °C for maximum hardness (avoid 450–550 °C, the embrittlement range), 600–700 °C for toughness. Grind and polish after hardening. Welding: preheat 200–300 °C, 410 or 309L filler, post-weld temper at 650–750 °C — or avoid welding and use mechanical joints. Passivate after machining for best corrosion resistance. ### Where it is used - Knife, cutlery and blade blanks - Screen, sieve and perforated wear plates - Valve trim, seats, stems and pump components - Turbine blades, bolts and fasteners - Wear liners and chutes in food and water plants - Moulds and dies for plastics (polished) ### 410 vs 430 vs 420 430 has more chromium and no useful carbon: better corrosion resistance, not hardenable — the decorative and appliance grade. 410 hardens to 45 HRC for wear and cutting; 420 (0.2–0.4 % C) hardens to 50–55 HRC for finer blades and surgical tools at the cost of corrosion resistance. For anything not needing hardness, 304 is easier to fabricate. ### Price 410 is a specialist grade priced above 430; the band below is indicative FOB Istanbul for annealed sheet to order. Hardened or ground material is quoted per job. - 410 annealed · 1–6 mm: USD 2200–2850 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Packing of 410 stainless steel sheet: coils on cradles (eye-to-sky, VCI wrap, four straps, 5–25 t) or sheet packs on skids up to 3 t with interleaving paper and corner protectors; 20' ≈ one coil (≤ 20 t), 40' HC ≈ two coils or 24 t of sheet. Tariff 7210 / 7209 / 7208. - Moq: 1 t - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: To order 3–5 weeks - Packing: Sheets on skids ≤ 2 t, interleaving, film on 2B - Container: 20' ≈ 18–20 t; 40' HC ≈ 24 t - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight for orders above 100 t ### Certificates and testing Every lot of 410 stainless steel sheet carries an EN 10204 3.1 inspection certificate listing heat, chemistry, mechanical and impact results. On request we add 3.2 witnessing by a classification society or inspector, EN 10160 ultrasonic testing and supplementary impact tests at the customer's design temperature. ### How to order Specify 1.4006 / 410 (or 420 / 1.4028), thickness × width × length, condition (annealed 2B or 1D), quantity, intended hardness after heat treatment and certificate; we confirm mill and delivery within a day. ### FAQ **What is 410 stainless steel?** A martensitic stainless steel with 12 % chromium and 0.08–0.15 % carbon (EN 1.4006, AISI 410) that can be hardened by quenching to 38–45 HRC — used for blades, wear parts, valve trim and fasteners. **Can 410 stainless be hardened?** Yes — heat to 950–1 000 °C, quench in oil or air and temper; 200–300 °C tempering gives 38–45 HRC, 600–700 °C a tough 800–900 MPa. **What is the difference between 410 and 430?** 410 has 12 % Cr and enough carbon to harden; 430 has 17 % Cr, no useful carbon, better corrosion resistance and cannot be hardened. Both are magnetic. **Is 410 stainless steel magnetic?** Yes, in all conditions. **Can 410 be welded?** With preheat (200–300 °C), matching or 309L filler and post-weld tempering; otherwise the heat-affected zone hardens and cracks. It is not a fabrication grade. ## Stainless Steel Square Tube URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/stainless/stainless-tube-profile/ Stainless square and rectangular tube for handrails, furniture, shopfitting and frames: 304 and 316L from 12×12 to 200×100 mm, wall 1.0–6.0 mm, 6 m bars, satin 180/240 grit (the export standard), hairline or mirror polish, film-protected. Cut, mitred, bent and welded to drawing; matching round tube and handrail fittings from the same stock. ### Stainless profiles: ornamental vs structural Stainless square and rectangular tube is longitudinally TIG- or HF-welded from cold-rolled strip, sized and polished. Two standards cover it: ASTM A554 for ornamental and mechanical tube (surface finish, dimensions and weld quality controlled, no pressure or structural guarantee) and EN 10219 / EN 10296-2 for structural and mechanical hollow sections with guaranteed mechanical properties. For handrails, furniture, shopfitting and cladding frames A554 satin tube is the standard; for balustrade posts, canopy frames and load-bearing work specify EN 10219 (1.4301 / 1.4404) and, where required, EN 1090 fabrication. Both come from the same stock in Dilovası. ### Tube pages The rectangular range has its own page with the 20×10–150×50 sizes, weights and uses: stainless rectangular tube; the finishes are covered on the satin tube and mirror tube pages. ### Weight table — square and rectangular Weights for 304 (density 7.93 kg/dm³); 316L is 0.6% heavier. A 6 m bar of 40×40×1.5 satin weighs 10.9 kg. Sizes below 20 mm and walls below 1.2 mm are used for furniture and trim; 50×50×2 to 100×50×3 for balustrade posts and frames; 100×100 to 200×100 in 3–6 mm for structural frames. | Size (mm) | Wall (mm) | kg/m | kg per 6 m | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 12 × 12 | 1 | 0.358 | 2.15 | | 15 × 10 | 1 | 0.37 | 2.22 | | 15 × 10 | 1.2 | 0.44 | 2.64 | | 15 × 10 | 1.5 | 0.54 | 3.24 | | 15 × 15 | 1 | 0.453 | 2.72 | | 15 × 15 | 1.2 | 0.538 | 3.23 | | 15 × 15 | 1.5 | 0.661 | 3.97 | | 16 × 16 | 1 | 0.485 | 2.91 | | 16 × 16 | 1.2 | 0.576 | 3.46 | | 16 × 16 | 1.5 | 0.709 | 4.25 | | 19 × 19 | 1 | 0.567 | 3.4 | | 19 × 19 | 1.2 | 0.675 | 4.05 | | 19 × 19 | 1.5 | 0.832 | 4.99 | | 19 × 19 | 2 | 1.09 | 6.54 | | 20 × 10 | 1 | 0.453 | 2.72 | | 20 × 10 | 1.2 | 0.538 | 3.23 | | 20 × 10 | 1.5 | 0.661 | 3.97 | | 20 × 15 | 1 | 0.533 | 3.2 | | 20 × 15 | 1.2 | 0.634 | 3.8 | | 20 × 15 | 1.5 | 0.781 | 4.69 | | 20 × 15 | 2 | 1.016 | 6.1 | | 20 × 20 | 1 | 0.613 | 3.68 | | 20 × 20 | 1.2 | 0.729 | 4.37 | | 20 × 20 | 1.5 | 0.901 | 5.41 | | 20 × 20 | 2 | 1.176 | 7.06 | | 22 × 22 | 1 | 0.677 | 4.06 | | 22 × 22 | 1.2 | 0.806 | 4.84 | | 22 × 22 | 1.5 | 0.996 | 5.98 | | 22 × 22 | 2 | 1.303 | 7.82 | | 25 × 10 | 1 | 0.533 | 3.2 | | 25 × 10 | 1.2 | 0.634 | 3.8 | | 25 × 10 | 1.5 | 0.781 | 4.69 | | 25 × 15 | 1 | 0.613 | 3.68 | | 25 × 15 | 1.2 | 0.729 | 4.37 | | 25 × 15 | 1.5 | 0.901 | 5.41 | | 25 × 15 | 2 | 1.176 | 7.06 | | 25 × 20 | 1 | 0.693 | 4.16 | | 25 × 20 | 1.2 | 0.825 | 4.95 | | 25 × 20 | 1.5 | 1.02 | 6.12 | | 25 × 20 | 2 | 1.335 | 8.01 | | 25 × 25 | 1 | 0.772 | 4.63 | | 25 × 25 | 1.2 | 0.921 | 5.53 | | 25 × 25 | 1.5 | 1.14 | 6.84 | | 25 × 25 | 2 | 1.495 | 8.97 | | 25 × 25 | 2.5 | 1.837 | 11.02 | | 25 × 25 | 3 | 2.167 | 13 | | 30 × 10 | 1 | 0.613 | 3.68 | | 30 × 10 | 1.2 | 0.729 | 4.37 | | 30 × 10 | 1.5 | 0.901 | 5.41 | | 30 × 10 | 2 | 1.176 | 7.06 | | 30 × 15 | 1 | 0.693 | 4.16 | | 30 × 15 | 1.2 | 0.825 | 4.95 | | 30 × 15 | 1.5 | 1.02 | 6.12 | | 30 × 15 | 2 | 1.335 | 8.01 | | 30 × 20 | 1 | 0.772 | 4.63 | | 30 × 20 | 1.2 | 0.921 | 5.53 | | 30 × 20 | 1.5 | 1.14 | 6.84 | | 30 × 20 | 2 | 1.495 | 8.97 | | 30 × 20 | 2.5 | 1.837 | 11.02 | | 30 × 20 | 3 | 2.167 | 13 | | 30 × 25 | 1 | 0.84 | 5.04 | | 30 × 25 | 1.2 | 1 | 6 | | 30 × 25 | 1.5 | 1.24 | 7.44 | | 30 × 25 | 2 | 1.63 | 9.78 | | 30 × 30 | 1 | 0.932 | 5.59 | | 30 × 30 | 1.2 | 1.112 | 6.67 | | 30 × 30 | 1.5 | 1.379 | 8.27 | | 30 × 30 | 2 | 1.814 | 10.88 | | 30 × 30 | 2.5 | 2.236 | 13.42 | | 30 × 30 | 3 | 2.645 | 15.87 | | 32 × 32 | 1 | 0.96 | 5.76 | | 32 × 32 | 1.2 | 1.15 | 6.9 | | 32 × 32 | 1.5 | 1.42 | 8.52 | | 32 × 32 | 2 | 1.87 | 11.22 | | 32 × 32 | 2.5 | 2.31 | 13.86 | | 32 × 32 | 3 | 2.74 | 16.44 | | 35 × 15 | 1 | 0.76 | 4.56 | | 35 × 15 | 1.2 | 0.91 | 5.46 | | 35 × 15 | 1.5 | 1.13 | 6.78 | | 35 × 15 | 2 | 1.48 | 8.88 | | 35 × 20 | 1 | 0.852 | 5.11 | | 35 × 20 | 1.2 | 1.017 | 6.1 | | 35 × 20 | 1.5 | 1.259 | 7.55 | | 35 × 20 | 2 | 1.654 | 9.92 | | 35 × 20 | 2.5 | 2.036 | 12.22 | | 35 × 20 | 3 | 2.406 | 14.44 | | 35 × 35 | 1 | 1.091 | 6.55 | | 35 × 35 | 1.2 | 1.304 | 7.82 | | 35 × 35 | 1.5 | 1.618 | 9.71 | | 35 × 35 | 2 | 2.133 | 12.8 | | 35 × 35 | 2.5 | 2.635 | 15.81 | | 35 × 35 | 3 | 3.124 | 18.74 | | 40 × 10 | 1 | 0.76 | 4.56 | | 40 × 10 | 1.2 | 0.91 | 5.46 | | 40 × 10 | 1.5 | 1.13 | 6.78 | | 40 × 10 | 2 | 1.48 | 8.88 | | 40 × 15 | 1 | 0.852 | 5.11 | | 40 × 15 | 1.2 | 1.017 | 6.1 | | 40 × 15 | 1.5 | 1.259 | 7.55 | | 40 × 15 | 2 | 1.654 | 9.92 | | 40 × 15 | 2.5 | 2.036 | 12.22 | | 40 × 15 | 3 | 2.406 | 14.44 | | 40 × 20 | 1 | 0.932 | 5.59 | | 40 × 20 | 1.2 | 1.112 | 6.67 | | 40 × 20 | 1.5 | 1.379 | 8.27 | | 40 × 20 | 2 | 1.814 | 10.88 | | 40 × 20 | 2.5 | 2.236 | 13.42 | | 40 × 20 | 3 | 2.645 | 15.87 | | 40 × 30 | 1 | 1.091 | 6.55 | | 40 × 30 | 1.2 | 1.304 | 7.82 | | 40 × 30 | 1.5 | 1.618 | 9.71 | | 40 × 30 | 2 | 2.133 | 12.8 | | 40 × 30 | 2.5 | 2.635 | 15.81 | | 40 × 30 | 3 | 3.124 | 18.74 | | 40 × 40 | 1 | 1.251 | 7.51 | | 40 × 40 | 1.2 | 1.495 | 8.97 | | 40 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.858 | 11.15 | | 40 × 40 | 2 | 2.452 | 14.71 | | 40 × 40 | 2.5 | 3.033 | 18.2 | | 40 × 40 | 3 | 3.602 | 21.61 | | 40 × 40 | 4 | 4.703 | 28.22 | | 45 × 15 | 1 | 0.91 | 5.46 | | 45 × 15 | 1.2 | 1.09 | 6.54 | | 45 × 15 | 1.5 | 1.35 | 8.1 | | 45 × 15 | 2 | 1.78 | 10.68 | | 45 × 20 | 1 | 0.99 | 5.94 | | 45 × 20 | 1.2 | 1.18 | 7.08 | | 45 × 20 | 1.5 | 1.46 | 8.76 | | 45 × 20 | 2 | 1.92 | 11.52 | | 45 × 45 | 1 | 1.41 | 8.46 | | 45 × 45 | 1.2 | 1.686 | 10.12 | | 45 × 45 | 1.5 | 2.097 | 12.58 | | 45 × 45 | 2 | 2.771 | 16.63 | | 45 × 45 | 2.5 | 3.432 | 20.59 | | 45 × 45 | 3 | 4.081 | 24.49 | | 50 × 10 | 1 | 0.91 | 5.46 | | 50 × 10 | 1.2 | 1.09 | 6.54 | | 50 × 10 | 1.5 | 1.35 | 8.1 | | 50 × 10 | 2 | 1.78 | 10.68 | | 50 × 20 | 1 | 1.091 | 6.55 | | 50 × 20 | 1.2 | 1.304 | 7.82 | | 50 × 20 | 1.5 | 1.618 | 9.71 | | 50 × 20 | 2 | 2.133 | 12.8 | | 50 × 20 | 2.5 | 2.635 | 15.81 | | 50 × 20 | 3 | 3.124 | 18.74 | | 50 × 25 | 1 | 1.171 | 7.03 | | 50 × 25 | 1.2 | 1.399 | 8.39 | | 50 × 25 | 1.5 | 1.738 | 10.43 | | 50 × 25 | 2 | 2.292 | 13.75 | | 50 × 25 | 2.5 | 2.834 | 17 | | 50 × 25 | 3 | 3.363 | 20.18 | | 50 × 30 | 1 | 1.251 | 7.51 | | 50 × 30 | 1.2 | 1.495 | 8.97 | | 50 × 30 | 1.5 | 1.858 | 11.15 | | 50 × 30 | 2 | 2.452 | 14.71 | | 50 × 30 | 2.5 | 3.033 | 18.2 | | 50 × 30 | 3 | 3.602 | 21.61 | | 50 × 40 | 1 | 1.41 | 8.46 | | 50 × 40 | 1.2 | 1.686 | 10.12 | | 50 × 40 | 1.5 | 2.097 | 12.58 | | 50 × 40 | 2 | 2.771 | 16.63 | | 50 × 40 | 2.5 | 3.432 | 20.59 | | 50 × 40 | 3 | 4.081 | 24.49 | | 50 × 50 | 1.2 | 1.878 | 11.27 | | 50 × 50 | 1.5 | 2.336 | 14.02 | | 50 × 50 | 2 | 3.09 | 18.54 | | 50 × 50 | 2.5 | 3.831 | 22.99 | | 50 × 50 | 3 | 4.559 | 27.35 | | 50 × 50 | 4 | 5.979 | 35.87 | | 50 × 50 | 5 | 7.349 | 44.09 | | 60 × 20 | 1 | 1.251 | 7.51 | | 60 × 20 | 1.2 | 1.495 | 8.97 | | 60 × 20 | 1.5 | 1.858 | 11.15 | | 60 × 20 | 2 | 2.452 | 14.71 | | 60 × 20 | 2.5 | 3.033 | 18.2 | | 60 × 20 | 3 | 3.602 | 21.61 | | 60 × 30 | 1 | 1.41 | 8.46 | | 60 × 30 | 1.2 | 1.686 | 10.12 | | 60 × 30 | 1.5 | 2.097 | 12.58 | | 60 × 30 | 2 | 2.771 | 16.63 | | 60 × 30 | 2.5 | 3.432 | 20.59 | | 60 × 30 | 3 | 4.081 | 24.49 | | 60 × 40 | 1.2 | 1.878 | 11.27 | | 60 × 40 | 1.5 | 2.336 | 14.02 | | 60 × 40 | 2 | 3.09 | 18.54 | | 60 × 40 | 2.5 | 3.831 | 22.99 | | 60 × 40 | 3 | 4.559 | 27.35 | | 60 × 40 | 4 | 5.979 | 35.87 | | 60 × 60 | 1.5 | 2.814 | 16.88 | | 60 × 60 | 2 | 3.728 | 22.37 | | 60 × 60 | 2.5 | 4.628 | 27.77 | | 60 × 60 | 3 | 5.516 | 33.1 | | 60 × 60 | 4 | 7.255 | 43.53 | | 60 × 60 | 5 | 8.943 | 53.66 | | 70 × 20 | 1.2 | 1.65 | 9.9 | | 70 × 20 | 1.5 | 2.05 | 12.3 | | 70 × 20 | 2 | 2.71 | 16.26 | | 70 × 20 | 2.5 | 3.36 | 20.16 | | 70 × 20 | 3 | 4 | 24 | | 70 × 30 | 1.5 | 2.29 | 13.74 | | 70 × 30 | 2 | 3.03 | 18.18 | | 70 × 30 | 2.5 | 3.76 | 22.56 | | 70 × 30 | 3 | 4.48 | 26.88 | | 70 × 40 | 1.5 | 2.575 | 15.45 | | 70 × 40 | 2 | 3.409 | 20.45 | | 70 × 40 | 2.5 | 4.229 | 25.37 | | 70 × 40 | 3 | 5.038 | 30.23 | | 70 × 70 | 1.5 | 3.293 | 19.76 | | 70 × 70 | 2 | 4.366 | 26.2 | | 70 × 70 | 2.5 | 5.426 | 32.56 | | 70 × 70 | 3 | 6.473 | 38.84 | | 70 × 70 | 4 | 8.531 | 51.19 | | 70 × 70 | 5 | 10.538 | 63.23 | | 80 × 20 | 1.5 | 2.29 | 13.74 | | 80 × 20 | 2 | 3.03 | 18.18 | | 80 × 20 | 2.5 | 3.76 | 22.56 | | 80 × 20 | 3 | 4.48 | 26.88 | | 80 × 30 | 1.5 | 2.53 | 15.18 | | 80 × 30 | 2 | 3.35 | 20.1 | | 80 × 30 | 2.5 | 4.16 | 24.96 | | 80 × 30 | 3 | 4.96 | 29.76 | | 80 × 40 | 1.5 | 2.814 | 16.88 | | 80 × 40 | 2 | 3.728 | 22.37 | | 80 × 40 | 2.5 | 4.628 | 27.77 | | 80 × 40 | 3 | 5.516 | 33.1 | | 80 × 40 | 4 | 7.255 | 43.53 | | 80 × 40 | 5 | 8.943 | 53.66 | | 80 × 40 | 6 | 10.582 | 63.49 | | 80 × 50 | 1.5 | 3.01 | 18.06 | | 80 × 50 | 2 | 4 | 24 | | 80 × 50 | 2.5 | 4.96 | 29.76 | | 80 × 50 | 3 | 5.92 | 35.52 | | 80 × 50 | 4 | 7.79 | 46.74 | | 80 × 50 | 5 | 9.62 | 57.72 | | 80 × 50 | 6 | 11.39 | 68.34 | | 80 × 60 | 1.5 | 3.293 | 19.76 | | 80 × 60 | 2 | 4.366 | 26.2 | | 80 × 60 | 2.5 | 5.426 | 32.56 | | 80 × 60 | 3 | 6.473 | 38.84 | | 80 × 60 | 4 | 8.531 | 51.19 | | 80 × 60 | 5 | 10.538 | 63.23 | | 80 × 60 | 6 | 12.496 | 74.98 | | 80 × 80 | 1.5 | 3.771 | 22.63 | | 80 × 80 | 2 | 5.004 | 30.02 | | 80 × 80 | 2.5 | 6.223 | 37.34 | | 80 × 80 | 3 | 7.43 | 44.58 | | 80 × 80 | 4 | 9.807 | 58.84 | | 80 × 80 | 5 | 12.133 | 72.8 | | 80 × 80 | 6 | 14.41 | 86.46 | | 100 × 20 | 1.5 | 2.76 | 16.56 | | 100 × 20 | 2 | 3.65 | 21.9 | | 100 × 20 | 2.5 | 4.54 | 27.24 | | 100 × 20 | 3 | 5.41 | 32.46 | | 100 × 30 | 1.5 | 3.01 | 18.06 | | 100 × 30 | 2 | 4 | 24 | | 100 × 30 | 2.5 | 4.96 | 29.76 | | 100 × 30 | 3 | 5.92 | 35.52 | | 100 × 40 | 1.5 | 3.293 | 19.76 | | 100 × 40 | 2 | 4.366 | 26.2 | | 100 × 40 | 2.5 | 5.426 | 32.56 | | 100 × 40 | 3 | 6.473 | 38.84 | | 100 × 40 | 4 | 8.531 | 51.19 | | 100 × 40 | 5 | 10.538 | 63.23 | | 100 × 40 | 6 | 12.496 | 74.98 | | 100 × 50 | 1.5 | 3.532 | 21.19 | | 100 × 50 | 2 | 4.685 | 28.11 | | 100 × 50 | 2.5 | 5.824 | 34.94 | | 100 × 50 | 3 | 6.952 | 41.71 | | 100 × 50 | 4 | 9.169 | 55.01 | | 100 × 50 | 5 | 11.336 | 68.02 | | 100 × 50 | 6 | 13.453 | 80.72 | | 100 × 60 | 1.5 | 3.771 | 22.63 | | 100 × 60 | 2 | 5.004 | 30.02 | | 100 × 60 | 2.5 | 6.223 | 37.34 | | 100 × 60 | 3 | 7.43 | 44.58 | | 100 × 60 | 4 | 9.807 | 58.84 | | 100 × 60 | 5 | 12.133 | 72.8 | | 100 × 60 | 6 | 14.41 | 86.46 | | 100 × 80 | 1.5 | 4.25 | 25.5 | | 100 × 80 | 2 | 5.641 | 33.85 | | 100 × 80 | 2.5 | 7.021 | 42.13 | | 100 × 80 | 3 | 8.387 | 50.32 | | 100 × 80 | 4 | 11.083 | 66.5 | | 100 × 80 | 5 | 13.728 | 82.37 | | 100 × 80 | 6 | 16.324 | 97.94 | | 100 × 100 | 1.5 | 4.728 | 28.37 | | 100 × 100 | 2 | 6.279 | 37.67 | | 100 × 100 | 2.5 | 7.818 | 46.91 | | 100 × 100 | 3 | 9.344 | 56.06 | | 100 × 100 | 4 | 12.359 | 74.15 | | 100 × 100 | 5 | 15.323 | 91.94 | | 100 × 100 | 6 | 18.237 | 109.42 | | 120 × 40 | 1.5 | 3.771 | 22.63 | | 120 × 40 | 2 | 5.004 | 30.02 | | 120 × 40 | 2.5 | 6.223 | 37.34 | | 120 × 40 | 3 | 7.43 | 44.58 | | 120 × 40 | 4 | 9.807 | 58.84 | | 120 × 40 | 5 | 12.133 | 72.8 | | 120 × 40 | 6 | 14.41 | 86.46 | | 120 × 60 | 1.5 | 4.25 | 25.5 | | 120 × 60 | 2 | 5.641 | 33.85 | | 120 × 60 | 2.5 | 7.021 | 42.13 | | 120 × 60 | 3 | 8.387 | 50.32 | | 120 × 60 | 4 | 11.083 | 66.5 | | 120 × 60 | 5 | 13.728 | 82.37 | | 120 × 60 | 6 | 16.324 | 97.94 | | 120 × 80 | 1.5 | 4.728 | 28.37 | | 120 × 80 | 2 | 6.279 | 37.67 | | 120 × 80 | 2.5 | 7.818 | 46.91 | | 120 × 80 | 3 | 9.344 | 56.06 | | 120 × 80 | 4 | 12.359 | 74.15 | | 120 × 80 | 5 | 15.323 | 91.94 | | 120 × 80 | 6 | 18.237 | 109.42 | | 120 × 120 | 2 | 7.555 | 45.33 | | 120 × 120 | 2.5 | 9.413 | 56.48 | | 120 × 120 | 3 | 11.258 | 67.55 | | 120 × 120 | 4 | 14.91 | 89.46 | | 120 × 120 | 5 | 18.513 | 111.08 | | 120 × 120 | 6 | 22.065 | 132.39 | | 140 × 80 | 3 | 10.301 | 61.81 | | 140 × 80 | 4 | 13.635 | 81.81 | | 140 × 80 | 5 | 16.918 | 101.51 | | 140 × 80 | 6 | 20.151 | 120.91 | | 140 × 140 | 2 | 8.831 | 52.99 | | 140 × 140 | 2.5 | 11.008 | 66.05 | | 140 × 140 | 3 | 13.172 | 79.03 | | 140 × 140 | 4 | 17.462 | 104.77 | | 140 × 140 | 5 | 21.703 | 130.22 | | 140 × 140 | 6 | 25.893 | 155.36 | | 150 × 50 | 3 | 9.344 | 56.06 | | 150 × 50 | 4 | 12.359 | 74.15 | | 150 × 50 | 5 | 15.323 | 91.94 | | 150 × 50 | 6 | 18.237 | 109.42 | | 150 × 100 | 3 | 11.736 | 70.42 | | 150 × 100 | 4 | 15.548 | 93.29 | | 150 × 100 | 5 | 19.31 | 115.86 | | 150 × 100 | 6 | 23.022 | 138.13 | | 150 × 150 | 2 | 9.469 | 56.81 | | 150 × 150 | 2.5 | 11.805 | 70.83 | | 150 × 150 | 3 | 14.129 | 84.77 | | 150 × 150 | 4 | 18.738 | 112.43 | | 150 × 150 | 5 | 23.298 | 139.79 | | 150 × 150 | 6 | 27.807 | 166.84 | | 160 × 80 | 3 | 11.258 | 67.55 | | 160 × 80 | 4 | 14.91 | 89.46 | | 160 × 80 | 5 | 18.513 | 111.08 | | 160 × 80 | 6 | 22.065 | 132.39 | | 200 × 100 | 3 | 14.129 | 84.77 | | 200 × 100 | 4 | 18.738 | 112.43 | | 200 × 100 | 5 | 23.298 | 139.79 | | 200 × 100 | 6 | 27.807 | 166.84 | | 200 × 200 | 2 | 12.659 | 75.95 | | 200 × 200 | 2.5 | 15.793 | 94.76 | | 200 × 200 | 3 | 18.913 | 113.48 | | 200 × 200 | 4 | 25.118 | 150.71 | | 200 × 200 | 5 | 31.272 | 187.63 | | 200 × 200 | 6 | 37.376 | 224.26 | _EN 10219 / ASTM A554; mill, 180/240 grit satin or mirror finish._ ### Grades and finishes | Option | Description | Where | | --- | --- | --- | | 304 / 304L (1.4301 / 1.4307) | 18/8 austenitic, non-magnetic | Interior handrails, furniture, kitchens, urban exterior | | 316 / 316L (1.4401 / 1.4404) | 2% Mo, chloride resistant | Coastal and pool balustrades, marine, chemical, Gulf exteriors | | Mill (as welded, 2B strip) | Semi-matt, weld visible | Hidden frames, to be polished | | Satin 180 grit | Brushed, standard export | Handrails, general | | Satin 240 grit | Finer brushed | Furniture, shopfitting, lifts | | Hairline | Long-grain brushed | Cladding frames, doors | | Mirror (No.8) | Polished, weld invisible | Decorative columns, luxury interiors | | PVD colour | Gold, bronze, black, rose gold on satin/mirror | Hotels, retail, lifts | _All polished tube supplied with PE protective film; weld seam ground flush and polished on satin and mirror finishes._ ### Sizes and tolerances Square 12×12 to 200×200 mm and rectangular 20×10 to 200×100 mm; wall 1.0–6.0 mm (1.2–2.0 mm is 80% of demand); length 6 m standard, 3 m and cut lengths on request; outside dimension tolerance ±0.3 mm (≤ 50 mm) / ±0.5%, wall ±10%, straightness 1.5 mm/m, squareness 90° ±1°. Corner radius 1.5–2.5t (sharp-corner tube on request). ### Cutting, bending, welding and fabrication Cut to length ±1 mm with film on, mitred 45°, drilled, laser-slotted, CNC-bent to radius (handrail curves), TIG-welded and re-polished to invisible seam; balustrade posts with base plates and glass clamps assembled to drawing. Stainless-only tooling avoids carbon contamination; welded assemblies are pickled and passivated. ### Applications - Handrails and balustrades (with round tube and fittings — see handrail page) - Furniture, tables, shop and display fittings, hospital and lab equipment - Kitchen and food-plant frames and trolleys - Façade, canopy and signage frames (316L outdoors) - Structural frames and walkways (EN 10219, 3–6 mm) - Automotive and bus interior rails ### Stainless tube vs galvanized vs aluminium | | Stainless 304 satin | Pre-galvanized steel | Aluminium 6063 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Weight | 2.4 kg | 2.3 kg | 0.8 kg | | Corrosion | Excellent (316 for coast) | Good 10–20 yr | Good (anodised) | | Appearance | Bright, no coating | Zinc grey / painted | Silver / anodised | | Strength | High | High | Medium | | Price index per metre | 4.5–5.5 | 1.0 | 2.5–3.0 | | Choose for | Visible, hygienic, marine | Hidden frames, fences | Light frames, windows | ### Stainless profile price per ton and per metre Indicative FOB Istanbul band from our weekly export list, 304 satin 180 grit, 20–60 mm sizes, 1.2–2.0 mm wall, full-pallet quantities; per metre = band × kg/m ÷ 1 000. 316L adds 40–55%, mirror 15–25%, PVD 60–100%; small and thin sizes sit at the top of the band. - 304 square / rectangular 20–60 mm: USD 3650–4050 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Bars film-protected, bundled with paper interleaving in wooden crates or on pallets (300–800 kg), strapped; crates fit 20' and 40' containers (6 m). HS code 7306.61 (welded stainless square/rectangular). - Moq: 1 t per size/finish; 1 × 20' (≈15–18 t crated) for freight - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus - Lead: Stock 5–10 working days; mirror / PVD 2–4 weeks - Packing: Film + paper, wooden crates or pallets 300–800 kg - Container: 20' ≈ 15–18 t (6 m crates) · 40' HC ≈ 20–22 t · truck 22 t - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1, certificate of origin; 3.2 / PMI on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight via London office ### Certificates EN 10204 3.1 (strip chemistry, mechanicals; tube dimensions, weld test), certificate of origin; 3.2 for structural orders; PMI on request. ### How to order Send size × wall, grade, finish, length, quantity in metres or kg, and port; reply within one working day. ### FAQ **What sizes of stainless square tube are available?** 12×12 to 200×200 mm square and 20×10 to 200×100 mm rectangular, wall 1.0–6.0 mm, 6 m bars; the weight table lists stocked combinations. **304 or 316 for a handrail?** 304 indoors and in urban exteriors; 316L within 5 km of the sea, around pools or in the Gulf humidity to avoid tea-staining. **What finish should I specify?** Satin 180 grit is the standard for handrails and general work; 240 grit for furniture and lifts; hairline for cladding frames; mirror for decorative columns. All come film-protected. **Is the weld seam visible?** On satin, hairline and mirror finishes the seam is ground flush and polished — invisible on mirror, barely visible on satin; on mill finish the seam is visible. **What is the price of stainless square tube?** See the indicative FOB band per ton above (304 satin, 20–60 mm); per metre multiply by kg/m from the table. 316L is 40–55% more. Firm price within one working day. **Can you bend and fabricate the tube?** Yes — CNC bending, mitring, drilling, TIG welding and re-polishing, assembled balustrade posts and frames, pickled and passivated. **Is the tube structural?** A554 tube is ornamental; for load-bearing balustrade posts, canopies and frames order EN 10219 / EN 10296-2 tube with 3.1 mechanicals — same stock, certified differently. ## Stainless Rectangular Tube URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/stainless/stainless-rectangular-tube/ A square tube makes a post; a rectangular tube makes a rail, a frame member, a glazing bar. The rectangular range is where architectural and furniture fabricators find the 40 × 20, 50 × 25 and 80 × 40 they draw most, in the same satin as our round and square. ### What is Stainless rectangular tube? Stainless rectangular tube is roll-formed and TIG or HF welded from 304 or 316 strip — the strip is shaped into a round, welded, then re-shaped into the rectangle so that the corners come out with a small, even radius (about 1–1.5 × t) and the faces flat; the weld sits in the middle of one long face and is ground flush before polishing. Sizes run from 20 × 10 mm to 150 × 50 mm (some mills to 200 × 100) in 1–3 mm walls, with the ratio 2:1 dominating: 40 × 20, 50 × 25, 60 × 30, 80 × 40, 100 × 50. It is the section for anything where a flat wide face is fixed to, glazed into or leaned on — handrail top rails, balustrade and screen frames, glazing bars and door / window sections, furniture and shop-fitting frames, machine guards, kitchen and hospital frames — and, in 2 and 3 mm walls, a light structural member for canopies, pergolas and cladding sub-frames in coastal architecture where painted steel would rust. Surfaces are satin (180–320 grit, the architectural standard) or 2B (mill finish, for hidden and industrial use); mirror on request. Structural design follows EN 1993-1-4 with the stainless material properties (304 yield ≈ 230 MPa, strongly work-hardening). We stock the 304 range in satin 320 and 2B, the common 316 sizes for coastal projects, and cut, mitre, laser-cut and weld frames in-house. ### Weight table — square and rectangular stainless tube (kg/m and per 6 m) Rectangular sizes are listed as width × height; density 7.9. Wall tolerance ±10 %, corner radius 1–1.5 × t. | Size (mm) | Wall (mm) | kg/m | kg per 6 m | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 12 × 12 | 1 | 0.358 | 2.15 | | 15 × 10 | 1 | 0.37 | 2.22 | | 15 × 10 | 1.2 | 0.44 | 2.64 | | 15 × 10 | 1.5 | 0.54 | 3.24 | | 15 × 15 | 1 | 0.453 | 2.72 | | 15 × 15 | 1.2 | 0.538 | 3.23 | | 15 × 15 | 1.5 | 0.661 | 3.97 | | 16 × 16 | 1 | 0.485 | 2.91 | | 16 × 16 | 1.2 | 0.576 | 3.46 | | 16 × 16 | 1.5 | 0.709 | 4.25 | | 19 × 19 | 1 | 0.567 | 3.4 | | 19 × 19 | 1.2 | 0.675 | 4.05 | | 19 × 19 | 1.5 | 0.832 | 4.99 | | 19 × 19 | 2 | 1.09 | 6.54 | | 20 × 10 | 1 | 0.453 | 2.72 | | 20 × 10 | 1.2 | 0.538 | 3.23 | | 20 × 10 | 1.5 | 0.661 | 3.97 | | 20 × 15 | 1 | 0.533 | 3.2 | | 20 × 15 | 1.2 | 0.634 | 3.8 | | 20 × 15 | 1.5 | 0.781 | 4.69 | | 20 × 15 | 2 | 1.016 | 6.1 | | 20 × 20 | 1 | 0.613 | 3.68 | | 20 × 20 | 1.2 | 0.729 | 4.37 | | 20 × 20 | 1.5 | 0.901 | 5.41 | | 20 × 20 | 2 | 1.176 | 7.06 | | 22 × 22 | 1 | 0.677 | 4.06 | | 22 × 22 | 1.2 | 0.806 | 4.84 | | 22 × 22 | 1.5 | 0.996 | 5.98 | | 22 × 22 | 2 | 1.303 | 7.82 | | 25 × 10 | 1 | 0.533 | 3.2 | | 25 × 10 | 1.2 | 0.634 | 3.8 | | 25 × 10 | 1.5 | 0.781 | 4.69 | | 25 × 15 | 1 | 0.613 | 3.68 | | 25 × 15 | 1.2 | 0.729 | 4.37 | | 25 × 15 | 1.5 | 0.901 | 5.41 | | 25 × 15 | 2 | 1.176 | 7.06 | | 25 × 20 | 1 | 0.693 | 4.16 | | 25 × 20 | 1.2 | 0.825 | 4.95 | | 25 × 20 | 1.5 | 1.02 | 6.12 | | 25 × 20 | 2 | 1.335 | 8.01 | | 25 × 25 | 1 | 0.772 | 4.63 | | 25 × 25 | 1.2 | 0.921 | 5.53 | | 25 × 25 | 1.5 | 1.14 | 6.84 | | 25 × 25 | 2 | 1.495 | 8.97 | | 25 × 25 | 2.5 | 1.837 | 11.02 | | 25 × 25 | 3 | 2.167 | 13 | | 30 × 10 | 1 | 0.613 | 3.68 | | 30 × 10 | 1.2 | 0.729 | 4.37 | | 30 × 10 | 1.5 | 0.901 | 5.41 | | 30 × 10 | 2 | 1.176 | 7.06 | | 30 × 15 | 1 | 0.693 | 4.16 | | 30 × 15 | 1.2 | 0.825 | 4.95 | | 30 × 15 | 1.5 | 1.02 | 6.12 | | 30 × 15 | 2 | 1.335 | 8.01 | | 30 × 20 | 1 | 0.772 | 4.63 | | 30 × 20 | 1.2 | 0.921 | 5.53 | | 30 × 20 | 1.5 | 1.14 | 6.84 | | 30 × 20 | 2 | 1.495 | 8.97 | | 30 × 20 | 2.5 | 1.837 | 11.02 | | 30 × 20 | 3 | 2.167 | 13 | | 30 × 25 | 1 | 0.84 | 5.04 | | 30 × 25 | 1.2 | 1 | 6 | | 30 × 25 | 1.5 | 1.24 | 7.44 | | 30 × 25 | 2 | 1.63 | 9.78 | | 30 × 30 | 1 | 0.932 | 5.59 | | 30 × 30 | 1.2 | 1.112 | 6.67 | | 30 × 30 | 1.5 | 1.379 | 8.27 | | 30 × 30 | 2 | 1.814 | 10.88 | | 30 × 30 | 2.5 | 2.236 | 13.42 | | 30 × 30 | 3 | 2.645 | 15.87 | | 32 × 32 | 1 | 0.96 | 5.76 | | 32 × 32 | 1.2 | 1.15 | 6.9 | | 32 × 32 | 1.5 | 1.42 | 8.52 | | 32 × 32 | 2 | 1.87 | 11.22 | | 32 × 32 | 2.5 | 2.31 | 13.86 | | 32 × 32 | 3 | 2.74 | 16.44 | | 35 × 15 | 1 | 0.76 | 4.56 | | 35 × 15 | 1.2 | 0.91 | 5.46 | | 35 × 15 | 1.5 | 1.13 | 6.78 | | 35 × 15 | 2 | 1.48 | 8.88 | | 35 × 20 | 1 | 0.852 | 5.11 | | 35 × 20 | 1.2 | 1.017 | 6.1 | | 35 × 20 | 1.5 | 1.259 | 7.55 | | 35 × 20 | 2 | 1.654 | 9.92 | | 35 × 20 | 2.5 | 2.036 | 12.22 | | 35 × 20 | 3 | 2.406 | 14.44 | | 35 × 35 | 1 | 1.091 | 6.55 | | 35 × 35 | 1.2 | 1.304 | 7.82 | | 35 × 35 | 1.5 | 1.618 | 9.71 | | 35 × 35 | 2 | 2.133 | 12.8 | | 35 × 35 | 2.5 | 2.635 | 15.81 | | 35 × 35 | 3 | 3.124 | 18.74 | | 40 × 10 | 1 | 0.76 | 4.56 | | 40 × 10 | 1.2 | 0.91 | 5.46 | | 40 × 10 | 1.5 | 1.13 | 6.78 | | 40 × 10 | 2 | 1.48 | 8.88 | | 40 × 15 | 1 | 0.852 | 5.11 | | 40 × 15 | 1.2 | 1.017 | 6.1 | | 40 × 15 | 1.5 | 1.259 | 7.55 | | 40 × 15 | 2 | 1.654 | 9.92 | | 40 × 15 | 2.5 | 2.036 | 12.22 | | 40 × 15 | 3 | 2.406 | 14.44 | | 40 × 20 | 1 | 0.932 | 5.59 | | 40 × 20 | 1.2 | 1.112 | 6.67 | | 40 × 20 | 1.5 | 1.379 | 8.27 | | 40 × 20 | 2 | 1.814 | 10.88 | | 40 × 20 | 2.5 | 2.236 | 13.42 | | 40 × 20 | 3 | 2.645 | 15.87 | | 40 × 30 | 1 | 1.091 | 6.55 | | 40 × 30 | 1.2 | 1.304 | 7.82 | | 40 × 30 | 1.5 | 1.618 | 9.71 | | 40 × 30 | 2 | 2.133 | 12.8 | | 40 × 30 | 2.5 | 2.635 | 15.81 | | 40 × 30 | 3 | 3.124 | 18.74 | | 40 × 40 | 1 | 1.251 | 7.51 | | 40 × 40 | 1.2 | 1.495 | 8.97 | | 40 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.858 | 11.15 | | 40 × 40 | 2 | 2.452 | 14.71 | | 40 × 40 | 2.5 | 3.033 | 18.2 | | 40 × 40 | 3 | 3.602 | 21.61 | | 40 × 40 | 4 | 4.703 | 28.22 | | 45 × 15 | 1 | 0.91 | 5.46 | | 45 × 15 | 1.2 | 1.09 | 6.54 | | 45 × 15 | 1.5 | 1.35 | 8.1 | | 45 × 15 | 2 | 1.78 | 10.68 | | 45 × 20 | 1 | 0.99 | 5.94 | | 45 × 20 | 1.2 | 1.18 | 7.08 | | 45 × 20 | 1.5 | 1.46 | 8.76 | | 45 × 20 | 2 | 1.92 | 11.52 | | 45 × 45 | 1 | 1.41 | 8.46 | | 45 × 45 | 1.2 | 1.686 | 10.12 | | 45 × 45 | 1.5 | 2.097 | 12.58 | | 45 × 45 | 2 | 2.771 | 16.63 | | 45 × 45 | 2.5 | 3.432 | 20.59 | | 45 × 45 | 3 | 4.081 | 24.49 | | 50 × 10 | 1 | 0.91 | 5.46 | | 50 × 10 | 1.2 | 1.09 | 6.54 | | 50 × 10 | 1.5 | 1.35 | 8.1 | | 50 × 10 | 2 | 1.78 | 10.68 | | 50 × 20 | 1 | 1.091 | 6.55 | | 50 × 20 | 1.2 | 1.304 | 7.82 | | 50 × 20 | 1.5 | 1.618 | 9.71 | | 50 × 20 | 2 | 2.133 | 12.8 | | 50 × 20 | 2.5 | 2.635 | 15.81 | | 50 × 20 | 3 | 3.124 | 18.74 | | 50 × 25 | 1 | 1.171 | 7.03 | | 50 × 25 | 1.2 | 1.399 | 8.39 | | 50 × 25 | 1.5 | 1.738 | 10.43 | | 50 × 25 | 2 | 2.292 | 13.75 | | 50 × 25 | 2.5 | 2.834 | 17 | | 50 × 25 | 3 | 3.363 | 20.18 | | 50 × 30 | 1 | 1.251 | 7.51 | | 50 × 30 | 1.2 | 1.495 | 8.97 | | 50 × 30 | 1.5 | 1.858 | 11.15 | | 50 × 30 | 2 | 2.452 | 14.71 | | 50 × 30 | 2.5 | 3.033 | 18.2 | | 50 × 30 | 3 | 3.602 | 21.61 | | 50 × 40 | 1 | 1.41 | 8.46 | | 50 × 40 | 1.2 | 1.686 | 10.12 | | 50 × 40 | 1.5 | 2.097 | 12.58 | | 50 × 40 | 2 | 2.771 | 16.63 | | 50 × 40 | 2.5 | 3.432 | 20.59 | | 50 × 40 | 3 | 4.081 | 24.49 | | 50 × 50 | 1.2 | 1.878 | 11.27 | | 50 × 50 | 1.5 | 2.336 | 14.02 | | 50 × 50 | 2 | 3.09 | 18.54 | | 50 × 50 | 2.5 | 3.831 | 22.99 | | 50 × 50 | 3 | 4.559 | 27.35 | | 50 × 50 | 4 | 5.979 | 35.87 | | 50 × 50 | 5 | 7.349 | 44.09 | | 60 × 20 | 1 | 1.251 | 7.51 | | 60 × 20 | 1.2 | 1.495 | 8.97 | | 60 × 20 | 1.5 | 1.858 | 11.15 | | 60 × 20 | 2 | 2.452 | 14.71 | | 60 × 20 | 2.5 | 3.033 | 18.2 | | 60 × 20 | 3 | 3.602 | 21.61 | | 60 × 30 | 1 | 1.41 | 8.46 | | 60 × 30 | 1.2 | 1.686 | 10.12 | | 60 × 30 | 1.5 | 2.097 | 12.58 | | 60 × 30 | 2 | 2.771 | 16.63 | | 60 × 30 | 2.5 | 3.432 | 20.59 | | 60 × 30 | 3 | 4.081 | 24.49 | | 60 × 40 | 1.2 | 1.878 | 11.27 | | 60 × 40 | 1.5 | 2.336 | 14.02 | | 60 × 40 | 2 | 3.09 | 18.54 | | 60 × 40 | 2.5 | 3.831 | 22.99 | | 60 × 40 | 3 | 4.559 | 27.35 | | 60 × 40 | 4 | 5.979 | 35.87 | | 60 × 60 | 1.5 | 2.814 | 16.88 | | 60 × 60 | 2 | 3.728 | 22.37 | | 60 × 60 | 2.5 | 4.628 | 27.77 | | 60 × 60 | 3 | 5.516 | 33.1 | | 60 × 60 | 4 | 7.255 | 43.53 | | 60 × 60 | 5 | 8.943 | 53.66 | | 70 × 20 | 1.2 | 1.65 | 9.9 | | 70 × 20 | 1.5 | 2.05 | 12.3 | | 70 × 20 | 2 | 2.71 | 16.26 | | 70 × 20 | 2.5 | 3.36 | 20.16 | | 70 × 20 | 3 | 4 | 24 | | 70 × 30 | 1.5 | 2.29 | 13.74 | | 70 × 30 | 2 | 3.03 | 18.18 | | 70 × 30 | 2.5 | 3.76 | 22.56 | | 70 × 30 | 3 | 4.48 | 26.88 | | 70 × 40 | 1.5 | 2.575 | 15.45 | | 70 × 40 | 2 | 3.409 | 20.45 | | 70 × 40 | 2.5 | 4.229 | 25.37 | | 70 × 40 | 3 | 5.038 | 30.23 | | 70 × 70 | 1.5 | 3.293 | 19.76 | | 70 × 70 | 2 | 4.366 | 26.2 | | 70 × 70 | 2.5 | 5.426 | 32.56 | | 70 × 70 | 3 | 6.473 | 38.84 | | 70 × 70 | 4 | 8.531 | 51.19 | | 70 × 70 | 5 | 10.538 | 63.23 | | 80 × 20 | 1.5 | 2.29 | 13.74 | | 80 × 20 | 2 | 3.03 | 18.18 | | 80 × 20 | 2.5 | 3.76 | 22.56 | | 80 × 20 | 3 | 4.48 | 26.88 | | 80 × 30 | 1.5 | 2.53 | 15.18 | | 80 × 30 | 2 | 3.35 | 20.1 | | 80 × 30 | 2.5 | 4.16 | 24.96 | | 80 × 30 | 3 | 4.96 | 29.76 | | 80 × 40 | 1.5 | 2.814 | 16.88 | | 80 × 40 | 2 | 3.728 | 22.37 | | 80 × 40 | 2.5 | 4.628 | 27.77 | | 80 × 40 | 3 | 5.516 | 33.1 | | 80 × 40 | 4 | 7.255 | 43.53 | | 80 × 40 | 5 | 8.943 | 53.66 | | 80 × 40 | 6 | 10.582 | 63.49 | | 80 × 50 | 1.5 | 3.01 | 18.06 | | 80 × 50 | 2 | 4 | 24 | | 80 × 50 | 2.5 | 4.96 | 29.76 | | 80 × 50 | 3 | 5.92 | 35.52 | | 80 × 50 | 4 | 7.79 | 46.74 | | 80 × 50 | 5 | 9.62 | 57.72 | | 80 × 50 | 6 | 11.39 | 68.34 | | 80 × 60 | 1.5 | 3.293 | 19.76 | | 80 × 60 | 2 | 4.366 | 26.2 | | 80 × 60 | 2.5 | 5.426 | 32.56 | | 80 × 60 | 3 | 6.473 | 38.84 | | 80 × 60 | 4 | 8.531 | 51.19 | | 80 × 60 | 5 | 10.538 | 63.23 | | 80 × 60 | 6 | 12.496 | 74.98 | | 80 × 80 | 1.5 | 3.771 | 22.63 | | 80 × 80 | 2 | 5.004 | 30.02 | | 80 × 80 | 2.5 | 6.223 | 37.34 | | 80 × 80 | 3 | 7.43 | 44.58 | | 80 × 80 | 4 | 9.807 | 58.84 | | 80 × 80 | 5 | 12.133 | 72.8 | | 80 × 80 | 6 | 14.41 | 86.46 | | 100 × 20 | 1.5 | 2.76 | 16.56 | | 100 × 20 | 2 | 3.65 | 21.9 | | 100 × 20 | 2.5 | 4.54 | 27.24 | | 100 × 20 | 3 | 5.41 | 32.46 | | 100 × 30 | 1.5 | 3.01 | 18.06 | | 100 × 30 | 2 | 4 | 24 | | 100 × 30 | 2.5 | 4.96 | 29.76 | | 100 × 30 | 3 | 5.92 | 35.52 | | 100 × 40 | 1.5 | 3.293 | 19.76 | | 100 × 40 | 2 | 4.366 | 26.2 | | 100 × 40 | 2.5 | 5.426 | 32.56 | | 100 × 40 | 3 | 6.473 | 38.84 | | 100 × 40 | 4 | 8.531 | 51.19 | | 100 × 40 | 5 | 10.538 | 63.23 | | 100 × 40 | 6 | 12.496 | 74.98 | | 100 × 50 | 1.5 | 3.532 | 21.19 | | 100 × 50 | 2 | 4.685 | 28.11 | | 100 × 50 | 2.5 | 5.824 | 34.94 | | 100 × 50 | 3 | 6.952 | 41.71 | | 100 × 50 | 4 | 9.169 | 55.01 | | 100 × 50 | 5 | 11.336 | 68.02 | | 100 × 50 | 6 | 13.453 | 80.72 | | 100 × 60 | 1.5 | 3.771 | 22.63 | | 100 × 60 | 2 | 5.004 | 30.02 | | 100 × 60 | 2.5 | 6.223 | 37.34 | | 100 × 60 | 3 | 7.43 | 44.58 | | 100 × 60 | 4 | 9.807 | 58.84 | | 100 × 60 | 5 | 12.133 | 72.8 | | 100 × 60 | 6 | 14.41 | 86.46 | | 100 × 80 | 1.5 | 4.25 | 25.5 | | 100 × 80 | 2 | 5.641 | 33.85 | | 100 × 80 | 2.5 | 7.021 | 42.13 | | 100 × 80 | 3 | 8.387 | 50.32 | | 100 × 80 | 4 | 11.083 | 66.5 | | 100 × 80 | 5 | 13.728 | 82.37 | | 100 × 80 | 6 | 16.324 | 97.94 | | 100 × 100 | 1.5 | 4.728 | 28.37 | | 100 × 100 | 2 | 6.279 | 37.67 | | 100 × 100 | 2.5 | 7.818 | 46.91 | | 100 × 100 | 3 | 9.344 | 56.06 | | 100 × 100 | 4 | 12.359 | 74.15 | | 100 × 100 | 5 | 15.323 | 91.94 | | 100 × 100 | 6 | 18.237 | 109.42 | | 120 × 40 | 1.5 | 3.771 | 22.63 | | 120 × 40 | 2 | 5.004 | 30.02 | | 120 × 40 | 2.5 | 6.223 | 37.34 | | 120 × 40 | 3 | 7.43 | 44.58 | | 120 × 40 | 4 | 9.807 | 58.84 | | 120 × 40 | 5 | 12.133 | 72.8 | | 120 × 40 | 6 | 14.41 | 86.46 | | 120 × 60 | 1.5 | 4.25 | 25.5 | | 120 × 60 | 2 | 5.641 | 33.85 | | 120 × 60 | 2.5 | 7.021 | 42.13 | | 120 × 60 | 3 | 8.387 | 50.32 | | 120 × 60 | 4 | 11.083 | 66.5 | | 120 × 60 | 5 | 13.728 | 82.37 | | 120 × 60 | 6 | 16.324 | 97.94 | | 120 × 80 | 1.5 | 4.728 | 28.37 | | 120 × 80 | 2 | 6.279 | 37.67 | | 120 × 80 | 2.5 | 7.818 | 46.91 | | 120 × 80 | 3 | 9.344 | 56.06 | | 120 × 80 | 4 | 12.359 | 74.15 | | 120 × 80 | 5 | 15.323 | 91.94 | | 120 × 80 | 6 | 18.237 | 109.42 | | 120 × 120 | 2 | 7.555 | 45.33 | | 120 × 120 | 2.5 | 9.413 | 56.48 | | 120 × 120 | 3 | 11.258 | 67.55 | | 120 × 120 | 4 | 14.91 | 89.46 | | 120 × 120 | 5 | 18.513 | 111.08 | | 120 × 120 | 6 | 22.065 | 132.39 | | 140 × 80 | 3 | 10.301 | 61.81 | | 140 × 80 | 4 | 13.635 | 81.81 | | 140 × 80 | 5 | 16.918 | 101.51 | | 140 × 80 | 6 | 20.151 | 120.91 | | 140 × 140 | 2 | 8.831 | 52.99 | | 140 × 140 | 2.5 | 11.008 | 66.05 | | 140 × 140 | 3 | 13.172 | 79.03 | | 140 × 140 | 4 | 17.462 | 104.77 | | 140 × 140 | 5 | 21.703 | 130.22 | | 140 × 140 | 6 | 25.893 | 155.36 | | 150 × 50 | 3 | 9.344 | 56.06 | | 150 × 50 | 4 | 12.359 | 74.15 | | 150 × 50 | 5 | 15.323 | 91.94 | | 150 × 50 | 6 | 18.237 | 109.42 | | 150 × 100 | 3 | 11.736 | 70.42 | | 150 × 100 | 4 | 15.548 | 93.29 | | 150 × 100 | 5 | 19.31 | 115.86 | | 150 × 100 | 6 | 23.022 | 138.13 | | 150 × 150 | 2 | 9.469 | 56.81 | | 150 × 150 | 2.5 | 11.805 | 70.83 | | 150 × 150 | 3 | 14.129 | 84.77 | | 150 × 150 | 4 | 18.738 | 112.43 | | 150 × 150 | 5 | 23.298 | 139.79 | | 150 × 150 | 6 | 27.807 | 166.84 | | 160 × 80 | 3 | 11.258 | 67.55 | | 160 × 80 | 4 | 14.91 | 89.46 | | 160 × 80 | 5 | 18.513 | 111.08 | | 160 × 80 | 6 | 22.065 | 132.39 | | 200 × 100 | 3 | 14.129 | 84.77 | | 200 × 100 | 4 | 18.738 | 112.43 | | 200 × 100 | 5 | 23.298 | 139.79 | | 200 × 100 | 6 | 27.807 | 166.84 | | 200 × 200 | 2 | 12.659 | 75.95 | | 200 × 200 | 2.5 | 15.793 | 94.76 | | 200 × 200 | 3 | 18.913 | 113.48 | | 200 × 200 | 4 | 25.118 | 150.71 | | 200 × 200 | 5 | 31.272 | 187.63 | | 200 × 200 | 6 | 37.376 | 224.26 | _EN 10219 / ASTM A554; mill, 180/240 grit satin or mirror finish._ ### Grades, standards and tolerances | Grade / standard | Yield (MPa) | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | 1.4301 / 304 (EN 10296-2, A554) | ≥ 210 | indoor, inland — the stock grade | | 1.4401 / 316 | ≥ 220 | coastal, pool, marine | | 1.4307 / 304L | ≥ 200 | heavy welded frames | | 1.4016 / 430 | ≥ 260 | decorative indoor, to order | _Mechanical use only unless ordered to a structural spec; for load-bearing design use EN 1993-1-4 with effective properties._ ### Common sizes and what they are used for | Size (mm) | Walls (mm) | kg/m (1.5 mm) | Typical use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 20 × 10 | 1.0 / 1.2 | 0.65 | trims, light frames | | 30 × 15 | 1.0–1.5 | 1.0 | display frames, furniture | | 40 × 20 | 1.0–2.0 | 1.35 | handrail top rails, screens, furniture | | 50 × 25 | 1.2–2.0 | 1.7 | balustrade frames, glazing bars, tables | | 60 × 30 | 1.5–2.0 | 2.1 | door and window sections, guards | | 80 × 40 | 1.5–3.0 | 2.8 | gate frames, canopy rafters, structures | | 100 × 50 | 2.0–3.0 | 3.5 (2 mm: 4.6) | pergola beams, machine frames | | 120 × 60 / 150 × 50 | 2.0–3.0 | — | cladding sub-frames, heavy frames | _kg/m for 1.5 mm wall; see the full table for other walls._ ### Lengths and stock 304 satin 320 and 2B from 20 × 10 to 100 × 50 in 1–2 mm and 80 × 40 to 150 × 50 in 2–3 mm, 6 m, at Dilovası; 316 in 40 × 20, 50 × 25, 80 × 40 and 100 × 50. Other sizes, mirror finish and 316 rectangular in full range from the mill in 2–3 weeks. Cut to length, mitred and laser-cut on our tube laser. ### Cutting, mitring, welding and finishing Cold-saw or tube-laser cut (mitres, notches and holes in one pass); bend only large sizes on a section bender at ≥ 5 × height; TIG-weld with 308L / 316L and purge on visible joints, grind flush and re-satin lengthwise; pickle heat tint. Frames are welded on the wide face where the seam is hidden; glazing bars take 10–12 mm glass in a 20–25 mm channel. Stainless-only tooling; film off within 6 months. ### Where it is used - Handrail top rails and balustrade frames - Glazing bars, door, window and screen sections - Furniture, tables, counters and shop fittings - Machine guards, kitchen and hospital frames - Canopy, pergola and cladding sub-frames (316, coastal) - Gate and fence frames ### Rectangular vs square vs round Square tube is the post and the symmetric frame member; rectangular the rail and the beam; round tube the handrail and the bend. All three come in the same satin finish and grades; for chloride sites use 316. ### Price Rectangular stainless tube is priced per ton from the stainless profile list, moving with nickel; satin carries a polishing premium over 2B, large sections a size premium and 316 about 40 %. The bands below are the month\'s indicative FOB Istanbul ranges for the small and large 304 ranges. - 304 rectangular · 20×10 to 80×40: USD 3650–4050 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - 304 rectangular · 100×50 to 150×50: USD 3770–4170 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Rectangular tube is bundled flat in 100–300 kg packs — satin tube film-wrapped, 2B with paper separators — in PE and cardboard on pallets or crated for mixed orders; 12–16 t per 20', 18–22 t per 40' HC in 6 m. HS 7306.61. - Moq: 500 kg - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock 3–5 working days; 316 and large sizes 2–3 weeks - Packing: Film per tube (satin), bundles 100–300 kg in PE and cardboard, crated for mixed lots - Container: 20' ≈ 12–16 t; 40' HC ≈ 18–22 t - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1, certificate of origin; 3.2 and PED on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight above 100 t ### Certificates Supplied with the strip mill's EN 10204 3.1 (grade, chemistry, mechanicals) and the tube mill's dimensional, weld and finish record; 3.2 witnessing for structural or project orders on request. ### How to order Specify grade, size (width × height × wall), finish (satin grit / 2B / mirror), length, quantity in pieces or metres, cutting (lengths, mitres, laser file) and indoor / coastal use. ### FAQ **What sizes of stainless rectangular tube do you stock?** 20 × 10 to 150 × 50 mm in 1–3 mm walls in 304 (satin 320 and 2B), 6 m; 316 in 40 × 20, 50 × 25, 80 × 40 and 100 × 50. **What is the weight of 50 × 25 × 1.5 stainless tube?** About 1.7 kg/m (10.2 kg per 6 m); the full table above covers every size and wall. **Can stainless rectangular tube be used structurally?** Yes, in 2–3 mm walls for canopies, pergolas and frames, designed to EN 1993-1-4 with stainless properties; for heavy structures galvanized S355 hollow sections are far cheaper. **Satin or 2B?** Satin (brushed) for anything visible — architecture, furniture, rails; 2B for hidden frames and industrial use, about 5–8 % cheaper. **304 or 316 rectangular tube outdoors?** 304 inland; 316 within a few kilometres of the sea, in pools or with de-icing salt. ## Stainless Steel Pipe URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/stainless/stainless-pipe-tube/ Two families of stainless round tube from one stock: ornamental A554 tube (16–219 mm, 1.0–3.0 mm, polished, for handrails, furniture and food-plant frames) and process pipe to EN 10217-7 / ASTM A312 (½"–12", Sch 5S–40S, welded or seamless, for water, chemical, dairy, brewery and HVAC lines) with matching butt-weld elbows, tees, reducers and flanges. 304 as standard, 316L for chlorides; 6 m bars; cut, bent and welded to drawing. ### Ornamental tube or pressure pipe? | | Ornamental / mechanical tube (A554, EN 10296-2) | Pressure pipe (A312, EN 10217-7 / 10216-5) | Sanitary tube (DIN 11850 / ISO 2037) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Sized by | OD × wall in mm (e.g. 50.8 × 1.5) | NPS and schedule (e.g. 2" Sch 10S = 60.3 × 2.77) | DN, OD × wall (e.g. DN50 = 53 × 1.5) | | Surface | Satin 180/240, hairline, mirror | Pickled / 2B, mill | Polished inside Ra ≤ 0.8 µm | | Test | Dimensional, weld, finish | Hydrostatic / eddy current, mechanicals | Hydro, surface roughness | | Use | Handrails, furniture, frames, trolleys | Water, chemical, steam, HVAC, oil & gas | Dairy, brewery, pharma, food | | Price | Base | +15–30% (thicker, tested) | +20–40% | ### Tube pages Each tube type has its own page with sizes, weights, finish and fitting details: 304 stainless pipe (ornamental and schedule), 316L stainless pipe (marine, pool, chemical), seamless stainless pipe (A312 / EN 10216-5, high pressure), satin tube, mirror tube and food-grade sanitary tube (DIN 11850 / A270). ### Round tube weight table (ornamental / mechanical) OD × wall × kg/m for 304 (316L +0.6%). Handrail standards are 42.4 × 1.5 (1½"), 50.8 × 1.5 (2") and 38.1 × 1.5; furniture 19–32 mm; food-plant frames 25–63 mm in 1.5–2.0 mm. | OD (mm) | Wall (mm) | kg/m | kg per 6 m | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 20 | 1 | 0.473 | 2.84 | | 20 | 1.2 | 0.562 | 3.37 | | 20 | 1.5 | 0.691 | 4.15 | | 20 | 2 | 0.897 | 5.38 | | 20 | 2.5 | 1.09 | 6.54 | | 20 | 3 | 1.271 | 7.63 | | 21.3 | 1 | 0.506 | 3.04 | | 21.3 | 1.2 | 0.601 | 3.61 | | 21.3 | 1.5 | 0.74 | 4.44 | | 21.3 | 2 | 0.962 | 5.77 | | 21.3 | 2.5 | 1.171 | 7.03 | | 21.3 | 3 | 1.368 | 8.21 | | 22 | 1 | 0.523 | 3.14 | | 22 | 1.2 | 0.622 | 3.73 | | 22 | 1.5 | 0.766 | 4.6 | | 22 | 2 | 0.997 | 5.98 | | 22 | 2.5 | 1.215 | 7.29 | | 22 | 3 | 1.42 | 8.52 | | 25 | 1 | 0.598 | 3.59 | | 25 | 1.2 | 0.712 | 4.27 | | 25 | 1.5 | 0.878 | 5.27 | | 25 | 2 | 1.146 | 6.88 | | 25 | 2.5 | 1.401 | 8.41 | | 25 | 3 | 1.644 | 9.86 | | 26.9 | 1 | 0.645 | 3.87 | | 26.9 | 1.2 | 0.768 | 4.61 | | 26.9 | 1.5 | 0.949 | 5.69 | | 26.9 | 2 | 1.241 | 7.45 | | 26.9 | 2.5 | 1.52 | 9.12 | | 26.9 | 3 | 1.786 | 10.72 | | 28 | 1 | 0.673 | 4.04 | | 28 | 1.2 | 0.801 | 4.81 | | 28 | 1.5 | 0.99 | 5.94 | | 28 | 2 | 1.295 | 7.77 | | 28 | 2.5 | 1.588 | 9.53 | | 28 | 3 | 1.868 | 11.21 | | 30 | 1 | 0.722 | 4.33 | | 30 | 1.2 | 0.861 | 5.17 | | 30 | 1.5 | 1.065 | 6.39 | | 30 | 2 | 1.395 | 8.37 | | 30 | 2.5 | 1.713 | 10.28 | | 30 | 3 | 2.018 | 12.11 | | 32 | 1 | 0.772 | 4.63 | | 32 | 1.2 | 0.921 | 5.53 | | 32 | 1.5 | 1.14 | 6.84 | | 32 | 2 | 1.495 | 8.97 | | 32 | 2.5 | 1.837 | 11.02 | | 32 | 3 | 2.167 | 13 | | 33.7 | 1 | 0.815 | 4.89 | | 33.7 | 1.2 | 0.972 | 5.83 | | 33.7 | 1.5 | 1.203 | 7.22 | | 33.7 | 2 | 1.579 | 9.47 | | 33.7 | 2.5 | 1.943 | 11.66 | | 33.7 | 3 | 2.294 | 13.76 | | 35 | 1 | 0.847 | 5.08 | | 35 | 1.2 | 1.01 | 6.06 | | 35 | 1.5 | 1.252 | 7.51 | | 35 | 2 | 1.644 | 9.86 | | 35 | 2.5 | 2.024 | 12.14 | | 35 | 3 | 2.392 | 14.35 | | 38 | 1 | 0.922 | 5.53 | | 38 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 6.6 | | 38 | 1.5 | 1.364 | 8.18 | | 38 | 2 | 1.794 | 10.76 | | 38 | 2.5 | 2.211 | 13.27 | | 38 | 3 | 2.616 | 15.7 | | 40 | 1 | 0.972 | 5.83 | | 40 | 1.2 | 1.16 | 6.96 | | 40 | 1.5 | 1.439 | 8.63 | | 40 | 2 | 1.893 | 11.36 | | 40 | 2.5 | 2.336 | 14.02 | | 40 | 3 | 2.765 | 16.59 | | 42.4 | 1 | 1.031 | 6.19 | | 42.4 | 1.2 | 1.232 | 7.39 | | 42.4 | 1.5 | 1.528 | 9.17 | | 42.4 | 2 | 2.013 | 12.08 | | 42.4 | 2.5 | 2.485 | 14.91 | | 42.4 | 3 | 2.945 | 17.67 | | 44.5 | 1 | 1.084 | 6.5 | | 44.5 | 1.2 | 1.294 | 7.76 | | 44.5 | 1.5 | 1.607 | 9.64 | | 44.5 | 2 | 2.118 | 12.71 | | 44.5 | 2.5 | 2.616 | 15.7 | | 44.5 | 3 | 3.102 | 18.61 | | 48.3 | 1 | 1.178 | 7.07 | | 48.3 | 1.2 | 1.408 | 8.45 | | 48.3 | 1.5 | 1.749 | 10.49 | | 48.3 | 2 | 2.307 | 13.84 | | 48.3 | 2.5 | 2.853 | 17.12 | | 48.3 | 3 | 3.386 | 20.32 | | 50 | 1 | 1.221 | 7.33 | | 50 | 1.2 | 1.459 | 8.75 | | 50 | 1.5 | 1.812 | 10.87 | | 50 | 2 | 2.392 | 14.35 | | 50 | 2.5 | 2.958 | 17.75 | | 50 | 3 | 3.513 | 21.08 | | 50.8 | 1 | 1.241 | 7.45 | | 50.8 | 1.2 | 1.483 | 8.9 | | 50.8 | 1.5 | 1.842 | 11.05 | | 50.8 | 2 | 2.431 | 14.59 | | 50.8 | 2.5 | 3.008 | 18.05 | | 50.8 | 3 | 3.572 | 21.43 | | 54 | 1 | 1.32 | 7.92 | | 54 | 1.2 | 1.578 | 9.47 | | 54 | 1.5 | 1.962 | 11.77 | | 54 | 2 | 2.591 | 15.55 | | 54 | 2.5 | 3.208 | 19.25 | | 54 | 3 | 3.812 | 22.87 | | 57 | 1 | 1.395 | 8.37 | | 57 | 1.2 | 1.668 | 10.01 | | 57 | 1.5 | 2.074 | 12.44 | | 57 | 2 | 2.74 | 16.44 | | 57 | 2.5 | 3.394 | 20.36 | | 57 | 3 | 4.036 | 24.22 | | 60.3 | 1 | 1.477 | 8.86 | | 60.3 | 1.2 | 1.767 | 10.6 | | 60.3 | 1.5 | 2.197 | 13.18 | | 60.3 | 2 | 2.905 | 17.43 | | 60.3 | 2.5 | 3.6 | 21.6 | | 60.3 | 3 | 4.283 | 25.7 | | 63.5 | 1 | 1.557 | 9.34 | | 63.5 | 1.2 | 1.862 | 11.17 | | 63.5 | 1.5 | 2.317 | 13.9 | | 63.5 | 2 | 3.064 | 18.38 | | 63.5 | 2.5 | 3.799 | 22.79 | | 63.5 | 3 | 4.522 | 27.13 | | 70 | 1 | 1.719 | 10.31 | | 70 | 1.2 | 2.057 | 12.34 | | 70 | 1.5 | 2.56 | 15.36 | | 70 | 2 | 3.388 | 20.33 | | 70 | 2.5 | 4.204 | 25.22 | | 70 | 3 | 5.007 | 30.04 | | 76.1 | 1 | 1.871 | 11.23 | | 76.1 | 1.2 | 2.239 | 13.43 | | 76.1 | 1.5 | 2.788 | 16.73 | | 76.1 | 2 | 3.692 | 22.15 | | 76.1 | 2.5 | 4.584 | 27.5 | | 76.1 | 3 | 5.463 | 32.78 | | 80 | 1 | 1.968 | 11.81 | | 80 | 1.2 | 2.356 | 14.14 | | 80 | 1.5 | 2.933 | 17.6 | | 80 | 2 | 3.886 | 23.32 | | 80 | 2.5 | 4.827 | 28.96 | | 80 | 3 | 5.755 | 34.53 | | 84 | 1 | 2.068 | 12.41 | | 84 | 1.2 | 2.475 | 14.85 | | 84 | 1.5 | 3.083 | 18.5 | | 84 | 2 | 4.086 | 24.52 | | 84 | 2.5 | 5.076 | 30.46 | | 84 | 3 | 6.054 | 36.32 | | 88.9 | 1 | 2.19 | 13.14 | | 88.9 | 1.2 | 2.622 | 15.73 | | 88.9 | 1.5 | 3.266 | 19.6 | | 88.9 | 2 | 4.33 | 25.98 | | 88.9 | 2.5 | 5.381 | 32.29 | | 88.9 | 3 | 6.42 | 38.52 | _Welded EN 10217-7 / ASTM A554 (ornamental) and A312 (pressure); density 7.93 kg/dm³; 6 m lengths._ ### Stainless pipe schedule chart (ASME B36.19M) | NPS | OD (mm) | Sch 5S wall / kg/m | Sch 10S wall / kg/m | Sch 40S wall / kg/m | Sch 80S wall / kg/m | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | ½" | 21.3 | 1.65 / 0.81 | 2.11 / 1.01 | 2.77 / 1.28 | 3.73 / 1.63 | | ¾" | 26.7 | 1.65 / 1.03 | 2.11 / 1.29 | 2.87 / 1.70 | 3.91 / 2.22 | | 1" | 33.4 | 1.65 / 1.30 | 2.77 / 2.11 | 3.38 / 2.53 | 4.55 / 3.27 | | 1¼" | 42.2 | 1.65 / 1.66 | 2.77 / 2.72 | 3.56 / 3.42 | 4.85 / 4.51 | | 1½" | 48.3 | 1.65 / 1.91 | 2.77 / 3.14 | 3.68 / 4.09 | 5.08 / 5.47 | | 2" | 60.3 | 1.65 / 2.41 | 2.77 / 3.96 | 3.91 / 5.49 | 5.54 / 7.55 | | 2½" | 73.0 | 2.11 / 3.72 | 3.05 / 5.31 | 5.16 / 8.71 | 7.01 / 11.5 | | 3" | 88.9 | 2.11 / 4.56 | 3.05 / 6.52 | 5.49 / 11.4 | 7.62 / 15.4 | | 4" | 114.3 | 2.11 / 5.90 | 3.05 / 8.46 | 6.02 / 16.2 | 8.56 / 22.5 | | 6" | 168.3 | 2.77 / 11.4 | 3.40 / 14.0 | 7.11 / 28.6 | 10.97 / 43.0 | | 8" | 219.1 | 2.77 / 14.9 | 3.76 / 20.2 | 8.18 / 43.0 | 12.70 / 65.3 | | 10" | 273.0 | 3.40 / 22.8 | 4.19 / 28.1 | 9.27 / 61.0 | 12.70 / 82.5 | | 12" | 323.9 | 3.96 / 31.6 | 4.57 / 36.4 | 9.53 / 74.8 | 12.70 / 98.6 | _Sch 10S is the standard for water and process lines; 40S for steam and higher pressure; 5S for low-pressure and vent lines. Welded (A312 W) from stock to 12", seamless (A312 S) to 6" from stock._ ### Grades: 304L, 316L, 321, duplex | Grade | EN | Max. service | Choose for | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 304 / 304L | 1.4301 / 1.4307 | Water, food, mild chemicals, to 300 °C | Standard; L grade for welded pipe | | 316 / 316L | 1.4401 / 1.4404 | Chlorides, sea water, acids, pharma | Coastal, chemical, pools, brine | | 321 | 1.4541 | High temperature 400–800 °C | Exhaust, heat exchangers | | 2205 duplex | 1.4462 | High chloride, high strength | Desalination, offshore (on request) | ### Fittings, flanges and sanitary tube Butt-weld elbows (45°, 90°, LR/SR), tees, reducers and caps to ASTM A403 / EN 10253-4 in matching schedule; flanges (slip-on, weld-neck, blind) to ASTM A182 / EN 1092-1 PN10/16; threaded fittings 150 lb; sanitary tube DIN 11850 / ISO 2037 with clamps, unions and bends, inside polished Ra ≤ 0.8 µm for dairy, brewery and pharma. A complete pipeline order ships from one stock. ### Cutting, bending, welding Cut to length, mitred, CNC-bent (tube and handrail radii), orbital TIG welding for sanitary lines, pickling and passivation after welding, satin or mirror re-polish; handrail systems and skids assembled to drawing on stainless-only tooling. ### Stainless pipe price per ton and per metre Indicative FOB Istanbul band from our weekly export list, 304 ornamental tube 25–76 mm × 1.2–2.0 mm satin, pallet quantities; A312 pressure pipe sits 15–30% above by schedule, 316L adds 40–55%, seamless 30–60%. Per metre = band × kg/m ÷ 1 000. - 304 round 25–76 mm: USD 3650–4050 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Ornamental tube film-protected in paper-lined crates; pressure pipe capped and bundled; fittings boxed. HS code 7306.40 (welded stainless circular), 7304.41/.49 (seamless), 7307.23 (fittings), 7307.21 (flanges). - Moq: 1 t per size; 1 × 20' for freight - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus - Lead: Stock 5–10 working days; seamless and large sizes 3–5 weeks - Packing: Crates (ornamental, film + paper), bundles with caps (pressure), boxes (fittings) - Container: 20' ≈ 15–18 t · 40' HC ≈ 20–22 t · truck 22 t - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1, certificate of origin; 3.2 / PMI / PED on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight via London office ### Certificates EN 10204 3.1 (chemistry, mechanicals, hydro / eddy-current test for pressure pipe), certificate of origin; 3.2 and PMI on request; PED material certificates for EN 10217-7 / 10216-5. ### How to order Send OD × wall or NPS × schedule, grade, welded/seamless, finish, length, quantity in metres or kg, fittings list and port; reply within one working day. ### FAQ **What is the difference between 304 and 316 stainless steel pipe?** 316 / 316L contains 2% molybdenum, which resists chlorides (sea water, pool water, brine, many acids) far better; 304 is adequate for potable water, food and indoor use at 30–40% less. Use 316L on the coast, in chemical plant and for pharma. **What is the price of SS 316 pipe in the UAE?** Landed Jebel Ali in pallet quantity, Turkish 316L tube and pipe typically comes in 8–15% under Dubai stockist prices; freight adds 60–90 USD/t and duty 5%. Ask for CIF per metre. **What is Schedule 10S?** The light-wall stainless schedule (ASME B36.19M) — e.g. 2" = 60.3 × 2.77 mm — standard for water and process lines; 40S is the heavier wall for steam and pressure. **Welded or seamless stainless pipe?** Welded (A312 W / EN 10217-7) for water, food, HVAC and most chemical lines — cheaper, uniform wall; seamless (A312 S / EN 10216-5) for high pressure, high temperature and where the spec requires it. **Is stainless steel good for pipes?** Yes — 50+ years without scaling or corrosion in water, no lining, hygienic for food and pharma, and full recyclability; the cost is 4–5× carbon steel per ton but lower over the life of the system. **Do you supply fittings and flanges?** Yes — butt-weld fittings A403 / EN 10253-4, flanges A182 / EN 1092-1, threaded fittings, sanitary clamps and bends, in matching grade and schedule. **Can you bend and weld stainless pipe?** Yes — CNC bending, orbital TIG welding, pickling and passivation, re-polishing; handrail and process skids assembled to drawing. ## 304 Stainless Steel Pipe URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/stainless/304-stainless-steel-pipe/ Handrails, balustrades, kitchen frames, exhaust ducts, water lines — the round stainless tube in all of them is 304. We hold the ornamental and the industrial version in the same rack and cut both to size. ### What is 304 stainless steel pipe? 304 stainless pipe covers two products that share a grade and a rack. The ornamental / mechanical tube (EN 10296-2, ASTM A554) is made by TIG or HF welding 1.4301 strip into a round, sizing it to a tight OD tolerance (±0.1–0.2 mm), and polishing the outside to a satin 180–320 grit or a mirror; walls are 1–3 mm, ODs follow the imperial handrail sizes (25.4, 38.1, 42.4, 50.8, 63.5, 76.2 mm) and the metric ones (20–219 mm), and the weld bead is removed outside and often inside. Its life is in railings, balustrades, furniture, shop fittings, trolleys, kitchen and food-plant frames and ducting — anything seen and handled. The pressure pipe (EN 10217-7, ASTM A312 TP304/304L) is welded and then solution-annealed and pickled, supplied in the ASME schedule wall series (5S, 10S, 40S) with the NPS outside diameters, hydrostatically tested and certified for fluids under pressure — process water, compressed air, steam condensate, food and beverage lines. It is unpolished (2B / pickled white). 304 gives corrosion resistance in the atmosphere, fresh water, food acids and detergents but not in chlorides: sea air, pool water and brine want 316. We stock the ornamental range Ø 12–101.6 mm in satin and the industrial range Ø 21.3–219.1 mm in 2B, and order schedule pipe and larger diameters from EU and Asian mills; most stock is dual-certified 304/304L. ### Weight table — 304 round tube (kg/m and per 6 m) Density 7.9 kg/dm³; wall and OD nominal; ornamental tolerances EN 10296-2 / A554. Schedule pipe weights per ASME B36.19M on request. | OD (mm) | Wall (mm) | kg/m | kg per 6 m | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 20 | 1 | 0.473 | 2.84 | | 20 | 1.2 | 0.562 | 3.37 | | 20 | 1.5 | 0.691 | 4.15 | | 20 | 2 | 0.897 | 5.38 | | 20 | 2.5 | 1.09 | 6.54 | | 20 | 3 | 1.271 | 7.63 | | 21.3 | 1 | 0.506 | 3.04 | | 21.3 | 1.2 | 0.601 | 3.61 | | 21.3 | 1.5 | 0.74 | 4.44 | | 21.3 | 2 | 0.962 | 5.77 | | 21.3 | 2.5 | 1.171 | 7.03 | | 21.3 | 3 | 1.368 | 8.21 | | 22 | 1 | 0.523 | 3.14 | | 22 | 1.2 | 0.622 | 3.73 | | 22 | 1.5 | 0.766 | 4.6 | | 22 | 2 | 0.997 | 5.98 | | 22 | 2.5 | 1.215 | 7.29 | | 22 | 3 | 1.42 | 8.52 | | 25 | 1 | 0.598 | 3.59 | | 25 | 1.2 | 0.712 | 4.27 | | 25 | 1.5 | 0.878 | 5.27 | | 25 | 2 | 1.146 | 6.88 | | 25 | 2.5 | 1.401 | 8.41 | | 25 | 3 | 1.644 | 9.86 | | 26.9 | 1 | 0.645 | 3.87 | | 26.9 | 1.2 | 0.768 | 4.61 | | 26.9 | 1.5 | 0.949 | 5.69 | | 26.9 | 2 | 1.241 | 7.45 | | 26.9 | 2.5 | 1.52 | 9.12 | | 26.9 | 3 | 1.786 | 10.72 | | 28 | 1 | 0.673 | 4.04 | | 28 | 1.2 | 0.801 | 4.81 | | 28 | 1.5 | 0.99 | 5.94 | | 28 | 2 | 1.295 | 7.77 | | 28 | 2.5 | 1.588 | 9.53 | | 28 | 3 | 1.868 | 11.21 | | 30 | 1 | 0.722 | 4.33 | | 30 | 1.2 | 0.861 | 5.17 | | 30 | 1.5 | 1.065 | 6.39 | | 30 | 2 | 1.395 | 8.37 | | 30 | 2.5 | 1.713 | 10.28 | | 30 | 3 | 2.018 | 12.11 | | 32 | 1 | 0.772 | 4.63 | | 32 | 1.2 | 0.921 | 5.53 | | 32 | 1.5 | 1.14 | 6.84 | | 32 | 2 | 1.495 | 8.97 | | 32 | 2.5 | 1.837 | 11.02 | | 32 | 3 | 2.167 | 13 | | 33.7 | 1 | 0.815 | 4.89 | | 33.7 | 1.2 | 0.972 | 5.83 | | 33.7 | 1.5 | 1.203 | 7.22 | | 33.7 | 2 | 1.579 | 9.47 | | 33.7 | 2.5 | 1.943 | 11.66 | | 33.7 | 3 | 2.294 | 13.76 | | 35 | 1 | 0.847 | 5.08 | | 35 | 1.2 | 1.01 | 6.06 | | 35 | 1.5 | 1.252 | 7.51 | | 35 | 2 | 1.644 | 9.86 | | 35 | 2.5 | 2.024 | 12.14 | | 35 | 3 | 2.392 | 14.35 | | 38 | 1 | 0.922 | 5.53 | | 38 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 6.6 | | 38 | 1.5 | 1.364 | 8.18 | | 38 | 2 | 1.794 | 10.76 | | 38 | 2.5 | 2.211 | 13.27 | | 38 | 3 | 2.616 | 15.7 | | 40 | 1 | 0.972 | 5.83 | | 40 | 1.2 | 1.16 | 6.96 | | 40 | 1.5 | 1.439 | 8.63 | | 40 | 2 | 1.893 | 11.36 | | 40 | 2.5 | 2.336 | 14.02 | | 40 | 3 | 2.765 | 16.59 | | 42.4 | 1 | 1.031 | 6.19 | | 42.4 | 1.2 | 1.232 | 7.39 | | 42.4 | 1.5 | 1.528 | 9.17 | | 42.4 | 2 | 2.013 | 12.08 | | 42.4 | 2.5 | 2.485 | 14.91 | | 42.4 | 3 | 2.945 | 17.67 | | 44.5 | 1 | 1.084 | 6.5 | | 44.5 | 1.2 | 1.294 | 7.76 | | 44.5 | 1.5 | 1.607 | 9.64 | | 44.5 | 2 | 2.118 | 12.71 | | 44.5 | 2.5 | 2.616 | 15.7 | | 44.5 | 3 | 3.102 | 18.61 | | 48.3 | 1 | 1.178 | 7.07 | | 48.3 | 1.2 | 1.408 | 8.45 | | 48.3 | 1.5 | 1.749 | 10.49 | | 48.3 | 2 | 2.307 | 13.84 | | 48.3 | 2.5 | 2.853 | 17.12 | | 48.3 | 3 | 3.386 | 20.32 | | 50 | 1 | 1.221 | 7.33 | | 50 | 1.2 | 1.459 | 8.75 | | 50 | 1.5 | 1.812 | 10.87 | | 50 | 2 | 2.392 | 14.35 | | 50 | 2.5 | 2.958 | 17.75 | | 50 | 3 | 3.513 | 21.08 | | 50.8 | 1 | 1.241 | 7.45 | | 50.8 | 1.2 | 1.483 | 8.9 | | 50.8 | 1.5 | 1.842 | 11.05 | | 50.8 | 2 | 2.431 | 14.59 | | 50.8 | 2.5 | 3.008 | 18.05 | | 50.8 | 3 | 3.572 | 21.43 | | 54 | 1 | 1.32 | 7.92 | | 54 | 1.2 | 1.578 | 9.47 | | 54 | 1.5 | 1.962 | 11.77 | | 54 | 2 | 2.591 | 15.55 | | 54 | 2.5 | 3.208 | 19.25 | | 54 | 3 | 3.812 | 22.87 | | 57 | 1 | 1.395 | 8.37 | | 57 | 1.2 | 1.668 | 10.01 | | 57 | 1.5 | 2.074 | 12.44 | | 57 | 2 | 2.74 | 16.44 | | 57 | 2.5 | 3.394 | 20.36 | | 57 | 3 | 4.036 | 24.22 | | 60.3 | 1 | 1.477 | 8.86 | | 60.3 | 1.2 | 1.767 | 10.6 | | 60.3 | 1.5 | 2.197 | 13.18 | | 60.3 | 2 | 2.905 | 17.43 | | 60.3 | 2.5 | 3.6 | 21.6 | | 60.3 | 3 | 4.283 | 25.7 | | 63.5 | 1 | 1.557 | 9.34 | | 63.5 | 1.2 | 1.862 | 11.17 | | 63.5 | 1.5 | 2.317 | 13.9 | | 63.5 | 2 | 3.064 | 18.38 | | 63.5 | 2.5 | 3.799 | 22.79 | | 63.5 | 3 | 4.522 | 27.13 | | 70 | 1 | 1.719 | 10.31 | | 70 | 1.2 | 2.057 | 12.34 | | 70 | 1.5 | 2.56 | 15.36 | | 70 | 2 | 3.388 | 20.33 | | 70 | 2.5 | 4.204 | 25.22 | | 70 | 3 | 5.007 | 30.04 | | 76.1 | 1 | 1.871 | 11.23 | | 76.1 | 1.2 | 2.239 | 13.43 | | 76.1 | 1.5 | 2.788 | 16.73 | | 76.1 | 2 | 3.692 | 22.15 | | 76.1 | 2.5 | 4.584 | 27.5 | | 76.1 | 3 | 5.463 | 32.78 | | 80 | 1 | 1.968 | 11.81 | | 80 | 1.2 | 2.356 | 14.14 | | 80 | 1.5 | 2.933 | 17.6 | | 80 | 2 | 3.886 | 23.32 | | 80 | 2.5 | 4.827 | 28.96 | | 80 | 3 | 5.755 | 34.53 | | 84 | 1 | 2.068 | 12.41 | | 84 | 1.2 | 2.475 | 14.85 | | 84 | 1.5 | 3.083 | 18.5 | | 84 | 2 | 4.086 | 24.52 | | 84 | 2.5 | 5.076 | 30.46 | | 84 | 3 | 6.054 | 36.32 | | 88.9 | 1 | 2.19 | 13.14 | | 88.9 | 1.2 | 2.622 | 15.73 | | 88.9 | 1.5 | 3.266 | 19.6 | | 88.9 | 2 | 4.33 | 25.98 | | 88.9 | 2.5 | 5.381 | 32.29 | | 88.9 | 3 | 6.42 | 38.52 | _Welded EN 10217-7 / ASTM A554 (ornamental) and A312 (pressure); density 7.93 kg/dm³; 6 m lengths._ ### Grades, standards and tolerances | Grade / standard | Yield (MPa) | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | 1.4301 / 304 (EN 10088, ASTM A554 / A312) | ≥ 210 | the stock grade | | 1.4307 / 304L | ≥ 200 | welded pressure pipe, low carbon | | 1.4401 / 316 | ≥ 220 | marine, chemical | | 1.4404 / 316L | ≥ 200 | process pipework, pharma | | 1.4541 / 321 | ≥ 200 | high temperature, titanium-stabilised, to order | _Yield per EN 10088-2 for the strip; welded tube properties per EN 10296-2 / EN 10217-7. Most stock is dual-certified 1.4301/1.4307._ ### Ornamental tube vs schedule pipe | Aspect | Ornamental / mechanical tube | Schedule pressure pipe | | --- | --- | --- | | Standard | EN 10296-2, ASTM A554 | EN 10217-7, ASTM A312 | | Sizing | OD × wall in mm (or inch OD) | NPS × schedule (5S / 10S / 40S) | | Surface | satin 180–320, mirror, or 2B | 2B / pickled, unpolished | | Heat treatment | as welded (bead removed) | solution annealed + pickled | | Testing | dimensional, eddy-current option | hydrostatic, eddy-current, 3.1 | | Grade | 304 (dual 304/304L) | 304L usually specified | | Typical use | railings, furniture, frames, ducts | process, water, steam, food lines | | Fittings | ornamental elbows, end caps | butt-weld fittings, flanges (ASME B16.9 / EN 10253) | _Do not use ornamental tube for pressure: it is not annealed, not hydro-tested and its wall is thinner than any schedule._ ### Lengths and stock Ornamental satin tube Ø 12–101.6 mm × 1–2 mm and industrial 2B tube Ø 21.3–219.1 mm × 1.5–4 mm are stocked in 6 m at Dilovası; schedule pipe (½"–8", 5S–40S) in 304L and diameters above 219 mm come from the mill in 1–3 weeks. Cut to length on our saw; film on ornamental tube. ### Cutting, bending, welding and polishing Cold-saw or laser (tube laser up to Ø 200 mm on our line) — no abrasive discs on polished tube; mandrel-bend ornamental tube at radius ≥ 2.5 × OD without wrinkling; weld with 308L filler by TIG, purge the inside with argon on visible or hygienic joints, and re-polish the seam to match the satin grain (we supply matching-grit tube so the joint blends). Pickle or brush all heat tint. Keep carbon-steel tools away from stainless. ### Where it is used - Handrails, balustrades and guardrails - Furniture, shop fittings, display and trolley frames - Kitchen, food-plant and hospital frames and rails - Exhaust, ventilation and dust-extraction ducting - Process water, compressed-air and condensate lines (schedule pipe) - Solar-thermal, HVAC and plumbing headers ### 304 pipe vs 316L vs galvanized 316L stainless pipe is the chloride-resistant version for coastal railings, pools and chemical lines at about 40 % more. Galvanized pipe does the same jobs indoors at a third of the price where a painted or dull finish is acceptable. For a mirror or hairline look the decorative tube pages apply; for pressure-tight seamless pipe, seamless stainless pipe. ### Price 304 round tube is priced per ton (or per metre) from the stainless list, moving with nickel; ornamental satin tube carries a polishing premium over 2B and large diameters a size premium. The bands below are the month\'s indicative FOB Istanbul ranges for the handrail range and for the larger industrial sizes. - 304 round tube · Ø 25–76 mm: USD 3650–4050 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - 304 round tube · Ø 89–219 mm: USD 3800–4200 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing 304 tube is bundled in hexagonal packs of 100–300 kg, each tube in PE film (ornamental) or with paper separators (2B), bundles in PE and cardboard with end caps, on pallets or in wooden crates for mixed orders; a 20' takes 12–16 t, a 40' HC 18–22 t, 6 m lengths. HS 7306.40. - Moq: 500 kg (mixed sizes) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock 3–5 working days; schedule pipe and large OD 1–3 weeks - Packing: Tubes film-wrapped individually (ornamental), bundled 100–300 kg in PE and cardboard, on pallets or in crates - Container: 20' ≈ 12–16 t (bulky); 40' HC ≈ 18–22 t - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1, certificate of origin; 3.2 and PED on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight above 100 t ### Certificates Every bundle is traceable to the strip heat: EN 10204 3.1 with chemistry and mechanicals plus the tube mill's dimensional and weld-test record; schedule pipe adds the hydrostatic and eddy-current test report, and PED / 3.2 certification is arranged on request. ### How to order Specify 304 (or 304L), OD × wall (or NPS × schedule), length, finish (satin grit / 2B / mirror), quantity in pieces or metres, and use (ornamental / pressure); state fittings and certificate needs. ### FAQ **What sizes of 304 stainless pipe do you stock?** Ornamental satin tube Ø 12–101.6 mm in 1–2 mm wall and industrial 2B tube Ø 21.3–219.1 mm in 1.5–4 mm, all in 6 m; schedule pipe ½"–8" in 304L to order. **What is the weight of 304 pipe per metre?** kg/m = (OD − wall) × wall × 0.0248; e.g. Ø 50.8 × 1.5 mm = 1.83 kg/m. The full table is above. **Is 304 pipe suitable for drinking water?** Yes — 304/304L is used for potable water, food and beverage lines; specify annealed schedule pipe or sanitary tube, not ornamental tube. **Can 304 stainless pipe be used outdoors?** Inland yes; within a few kilometres of the sea, in pool halls or with de-icing salt it pits — use 316L. **What is the difference between ASTM A554 and A312?** A554 is ornamental / mechanical tube (OD × wall, polished, not for pressure); A312 is annealed, hydro-tested pressure pipe in NPS and schedule sizes. **What is the price of 304 stainless pipe?** Per ton FOB Istanbul from the stainless list — see the band above; it follows the nickel price. Per metre on request. ## 316L Stainless Steel Pipe URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/stainless/316l-stainless-steel-pipe/ A railing on the Gulf coast in 304 tea-stains within a year; in 316L it stays bright. That one difference sends most of our marine, pool and chemical tube enquiries to this page. ### What is 316L stainless steel pipe? 316L stainless pipe is welded from 1.4404 strip — 17 % chromium, 11 % nickel, 2–2.5 % molybdenum, carbon ≤ 0.03 % — and that molybdenum is the whole point: it raises the pitting resistance so that the tube survives chloride environments where 304 corrodes — marine and coastal atmospheres, pool halls, brine, de-icing salt, hot detergents, many acids. The low carbon means the welds do not sensitise, which matters in process pipework with hundreds of joints. Like 304 pipe, it comes in two forms: ornamental / mechanical tube (EN 10296-2, ASTM A554) in the handrail ODs (25.4–76.2 mm) and metric sizes, satin-polished or 2B, for railings, balustrades, marine fittings and pool equipment; and annealed, pickled, hydro-tested pressure pipe (EN 10217-7, ASTM A312 TP316L) in NPS × schedule for chemical, pharmaceutical, desalination pre-treatment, CIP and marine piping. Bright annealed sanitary tube in 316L (see the food-grade page) serves pharma and dairy. It is not immune: hot concentrated chlorides, hydrochloric acid and stagnant seawater still pit 316L, and for those duplex 1.4462 pipe is available to order. We stock the ornamental range Ø 12–101.6 mm and the common industrial sizes; schedule pipe comes from the mill in 2–3 weeks. ### Weight table — 316L round tube (kg/m and per 6 m) Values for density 7.9; 316L is 8.0 kg/dm³ — add 1 %. Schedule pipe weights per ASME B36.19M. | OD (mm) | Wall (mm) | kg/m | kg per 6 m | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 20 | 1 | 0.473 | 2.84 | | 20 | 1.2 | 0.562 | 3.37 | | 20 | 1.5 | 0.691 | 4.15 | | 20 | 2 | 0.897 | 5.38 | | 20 | 2.5 | 1.09 | 6.54 | | 20 | 3 | 1.271 | 7.63 | | 21.3 | 1 | 0.506 | 3.04 | | 21.3 | 1.2 | 0.601 | 3.61 | | 21.3 | 1.5 | 0.74 | 4.44 | | 21.3 | 2 | 0.962 | 5.77 | | 21.3 | 2.5 | 1.171 | 7.03 | | 21.3 | 3 | 1.368 | 8.21 | | 22 | 1 | 0.523 | 3.14 | | 22 | 1.2 | 0.622 | 3.73 | | 22 | 1.5 | 0.766 | 4.6 | | 22 | 2 | 0.997 | 5.98 | | 22 | 2.5 | 1.215 | 7.29 | | 22 | 3 | 1.42 | 8.52 | | 25 | 1 | 0.598 | 3.59 | | 25 | 1.2 | 0.712 | 4.27 | | 25 | 1.5 | 0.878 | 5.27 | | 25 | 2 | 1.146 | 6.88 | | 25 | 2.5 | 1.401 | 8.41 | | 25 | 3 | 1.644 | 9.86 | | 26.9 | 1 | 0.645 | 3.87 | | 26.9 | 1.2 | 0.768 | 4.61 | | 26.9 | 1.5 | 0.949 | 5.69 | | 26.9 | 2 | 1.241 | 7.45 | | 26.9 | 2.5 | 1.52 | 9.12 | | 26.9 | 3 | 1.786 | 10.72 | | 28 | 1 | 0.673 | 4.04 | | 28 | 1.2 | 0.801 | 4.81 | | 28 | 1.5 | 0.99 | 5.94 | | 28 | 2 | 1.295 | 7.77 | | 28 | 2.5 | 1.588 | 9.53 | | 28 | 3 | 1.868 | 11.21 | | 30 | 1 | 0.722 | 4.33 | | 30 | 1.2 | 0.861 | 5.17 | | 30 | 1.5 | 1.065 | 6.39 | | 30 | 2 | 1.395 | 8.37 | | 30 | 2.5 | 1.713 | 10.28 | | 30 | 3 | 2.018 | 12.11 | | 32 | 1 | 0.772 | 4.63 | | 32 | 1.2 | 0.921 | 5.53 | | 32 | 1.5 | 1.14 | 6.84 | | 32 | 2 | 1.495 | 8.97 | | 32 | 2.5 | 1.837 | 11.02 | | 32 | 3 | 2.167 | 13 | | 33.7 | 1 | 0.815 | 4.89 | | 33.7 | 1.2 | 0.972 | 5.83 | | 33.7 | 1.5 | 1.203 | 7.22 | | 33.7 | 2 | 1.579 | 9.47 | | 33.7 | 2.5 | 1.943 | 11.66 | | 33.7 | 3 | 2.294 | 13.76 | | 35 | 1 | 0.847 | 5.08 | | 35 | 1.2 | 1.01 | 6.06 | | 35 | 1.5 | 1.252 | 7.51 | | 35 | 2 | 1.644 | 9.86 | | 35 | 2.5 | 2.024 | 12.14 | | 35 | 3 | 2.392 | 14.35 | | 38 | 1 | 0.922 | 5.53 | | 38 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 6.6 | | 38 | 1.5 | 1.364 | 8.18 | | 38 | 2 | 1.794 | 10.76 | | 38 | 2.5 | 2.211 | 13.27 | | 38 | 3 | 2.616 | 15.7 | | 40 | 1 | 0.972 | 5.83 | | 40 | 1.2 | 1.16 | 6.96 | | 40 | 1.5 | 1.439 | 8.63 | | 40 | 2 | 1.893 | 11.36 | | 40 | 2.5 | 2.336 | 14.02 | | 40 | 3 | 2.765 | 16.59 | | 42.4 | 1 | 1.031 | 6.19 | | 42.4 | 1.2 | 1.232 | 7.39 | | 42.4 | 1.5 | 1.528 | 9.17 | | 42.4 | 2 | 2.013 | 12.08 | | 42.4 | 2.5 | 2.485 | 14.91 | | 42.4 | 3 | 2.945 | 17.67 | | 44.5 | 1 | 1.084 | 6.5 | | 44.5 | 1.2 | 1.294 | 7.76 | | 44.5 | 1.5 | 1.607 | 9.64 | | 44.5 | 2 | 2.118 | 12.71 | | 44.5 | 2.5 | 2.616 | 15.7 | | 44.5 | 3 | 3.102 | 18.61 | | 48.3 | 1 | 1.178 | 7.07 | | 48.3 | 1.2 | 1.408 | 8.45 | | 48.3 | 1.5 | 1.749 | 10.49 | | 48.3 | 2 | 2.307 | 13.84 | | 48.3 | 2.5 | 2.853 | 17.12 | | 48.3 | 3 | 3.386 | 20.32 | | 50 | 1 | 1.221 | 7.33 | | 50 | 1.2 | 1.459 | 8.75 | | 50 | 1.5 | 1.812 | 10.87 | | 50 | 2 | 2.392 | 14.35 | | 50 | 2.5 | 2.958 | 17.75 | | 50 | 3 | 3.513 | 21.08 | | 50.8 | 1 | 1.241 | 7.45 | | 50.8 | 1.2 | 1.483 | 8.9 | | 50.8 | 1.5 | 1.842 | 11.05 | | 50.8 | 2 | 2.431 | 14.59 | | 50.8 | 2.5 | 3.008 | 18.05 | | 50.8 | 3 | 3.572 | 21.43 | | 54 | 1 | 1.32 | 7.92 | | 54 | 1.2 | 1.578 | 9.47 | | 54 | 1.5 | 1.962 | 11.77 | | 54 | 2 | 2.591 | 15.55 | | 54 | 2.5 | 3.208 | 19.25 | | 54 | 3 | 3.812 | 22.87 | | 57 | 1 | 1.395 | 8.37 | | 57 | 1.2 | 1.668 | 10.01 | | 57 | 1.5 | 2.074 | 12.44 | | 57 | 2 | 2.74 | 16.44 | | 57 | 2.5 | 3.394 | 20.36 | | 57 | 3 | 4.036 | 24.22 | | 60.3 | 1 | 1.477 | 8.86 | | 60.3 | 1.2 | 1.767 | 10.6 | | 60.3 | 1.5 | 2.197 | 13.18 | | 60.3 | 2 | 2.905 | 17.43 | | 60.3 | 2.5 | 3.6 | 21.6 | | 60.3 | 3 | 4.283 | 25.7 | | 63.5 | 1 | 1.557 | 9.34 | | 63.5 | 1.2 | 1.862 | 11.17 | | 63.5 | 1.5 | 2.317 | 13.9 | | 63.5 | 2 | 3.064 | 18.38 | | 63.5 | 2.5 | 3.799 | 22.79 | | 63.5 | 3 | 4.522 | 27.13 | | 70 | 1 | 1.719 | 10.31 | | 70 | 1.2 | 2.057 | 12.34 | | 70 | 1.5 | 2.56 | 15.36 | | 70 | 2 | 3.388 | 20.33 | | 70 | 2.5 | 4.204 | 25.22 | | 70 | 3 | 5.007 | 30.04 | | 76.1 | 1 | 1.871 | 11.23 | | 76.1 | 1.2 | 2.239 | 13.43 | | 76.1 | 1.5 | 2.788 | 16.73 | | 76.1 | 2 | 3.692 | 22.15 | | 76.1 | 2.5 | 4.584 | 27.5 | | 76.1 | 3 | 5.463 | 32.78 | | 80 | 1 | 1.968 | 11.81 | | 80 | 1.2 | 2.356 | 14.14 | | 80 | 1.5 | 2.933 | 17.6 | | 80 | 2 | 3.886 | 23.32 | | 80 | 2.5 | 4.827 | 28.96 | | 80 | 3 | 5.755 | 34.53 | | 84 | 1 | 2.068 | 12.41 | | 84 | 1.2 | 2.475 | 14.85 | | 84 | 1.5 | 3.083 | 18.5 | | 84 | 2 | 4.086 | 24.52 | | 84 | 2.5 | 5.076 | 30.46 | | 84 | 3 | 6.054 | 36.32 | | 88.9 | 1 | 2.19 | 13.14 | | 88.9 | 1.2 | 2.622 | 15.73 | | 88.9 | 1.5 | 3.266 | 19.6 | | 88.9 | 2 | 4.33 | 25.98 | | 88.9 | 2.5 | 5.381 | 32.29 | | 88.9 | 3 | 6.42 | 38.52 | _Welded EN 10217-7 / ASTM A554 (ornamental) and A312 (pressure); density 7.93 kg/dm³; 6 m lengths._ ### Grades, standards and tolerances | Grade / standard | Yield (MPa) | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | 1.4404 / 316L (EN 10088, A312 TP316L) | ≥ 200 | the stock grade, dual 316/316L | | 1.4401 / 316 | ≥ 220 | ornamental tube, same corrosion | | 1.4571 / 316Ti | ≥ 220 | stabilised, to order (German specs) | | 1.4432 | ≥ 200 | 2.5–3 % Mo, harder chloride duty | | 1.4462 duplex | ≥ 450 | seawater, hot chlorides, to order | _PREN (Cr + 3.3 Mo + 16 N): 304 ≈ 19, 316L ≈ 24, duplex ≈ 34. Choose by chloride level and temperature._ ### Where 316L pipe is required | Environment | 304 | 316L | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Coastal railings < 5 km from sea | tea-staining | good | satin, rinse regularly | | Marine deck fittings, boat rails | poor | good | electropolish best | | Indoor pools, spas | poor | fair | load-bearing: 1.4529 / duplex | | Chemical plant lines (dilute acids) | fair | good | schedule pipe | | Pharma / biotech process | fair | good | sanitary tube, EP | | Desalination pre-treatment | no | fair | duplex for brine | | Dishwasher, CIP, hot detergents | poor | good | | | Inland architecture, food plants | good | over-specified | 304 is enough | ### Lengths and stock Satin ornamental tube Ø 12–101.6 mm × 1.5–2 mm and 2B industrial tube Ø 33.7–114.3 mm × 2–3 mm are held in 6 m at Dilovası; schedule pipe ½"–8" (5S / 10S / 40S), larger ODs and 316Ti / duplex are ordered from EU and Asian mills. Cut to length, film on polished tube. ### Cutting, bending, welding and finishing Cold-saw or tube-laser cutting; mandrel bending at ≥ 2.5 × OD; TIG welding with 316L filler and argon back-purge, then pickling of all heat tint — on 316L an unremoved tint is where chloride pitting starts. Re-polish seams to the tube grit; on marine and pool work electropolish or passivate after fabrication. Stainless-only tooling; no carbon-steel contact. ### Where it is used - Coastal and marine railings, balustrades and boat fittings - Swimming-pool and spa rails, ladders and grab bars - Chemical, pharmaceutical and desalination pipework - CIP, dishwasher and laundry process lines - Water-treatment and brine piping - Architectural tube on coastal buildings ### 316L vs 304 vs duplex pipe 304 pipe is the inland and indoor tube at 60–70 % of the price; 316L is the chloride tube; duplex 1.4462 (to order) takes seawater and hot brine that pit even 316L. For hygienic lines the food-grade sanitary tube in 316L is the specified product. ### Price 316L tube is priced per ton about 40 % above 304 on the stainless list (molybdenum and nickel); the bands below are the month\'s indicative FOB Istanbul ranges for the handrail range and the larger industrial sizes. Schedule pipe is quoted per metre by size. - 316L round tube · Ø 25–76 mm: USD 4550–4950 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - 316L round tube · Ø 89–219 mm: USD 4700–5100 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing 316L tube ships in film-wrapped bundles of 100–300 kg with end caps, in PE and cardboard on pallets or in crates; 12–16 t per 20', 18–22 t per 40' HC in 6 m lengths. HS 7306.40. - Moq: 500 kg - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock sizes 3–5 working days; schedule pipe and large OD 2–3 weeks - Packing: Film-wrapped tubes, bundles 100–300 kg in PE and cardboard, crated for mixed lots - Container: 20' ≈ 12–16 t; 40' HC ≈ 18–22 t - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1, certificate of origin; 3.2 and PED on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight above 100 t ### Certificates Supplied with EN 10204 3.1 (heat chemistry including Mo, mechanicals), the tube mill's dimensional and weld-test record, hydrostatic and eddy-current reports on schedule pipe; 3.2 witnessing and PED certification on request. ### How to order Specify 316L (or 316Ti / 1.4432), OD × wall or NPS × schedule, length, finish, quantity, the environment (coastal, pool, chemical — we confirm the grade), fittings and certificate (3.1, 3.2, PED). ### FAQ **When do I need 316L pipe instead of 304?** In chloride environments: within a few kilometres of the sea, in pool halls, with brine, de-icing salt, hot detergents or many chemicals. Inland and indoors 304 is enough. **Is 316L pipe suitable for seawater?** For splash and spray yes; for continuous immersion in warm or stagnant seawater it can pit — duplex or super-austenitic pipe is safer. **What sizes of 316L pipe are in stock?** Ornamental satin Ø 12–101.6 mm and industrial 2B Ø 33.7–114.3 mm in 6 m; schedule pipe ½"–8" and larger ODs to order in 2–3 weeks. **What is 316 vs 316L pipe?** 316L has carbon ≤ 0.03 % for weld corrosion resistance; otherwise identical. Most tube is dual-certified 316/316L. **How much more does 316L pipe cost than 304?** About 40 % per ton, following the nickel and molybdenum prices — see the band above. ## Seamless Stainless Steel Pipe URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/stainless/seamless-stainless-steel-pipe/ When the P&ID says seamless, welded pipe is not an option however good the weld. We source seamless stainless in the schedules and grades that refineries, power plants, fertiliser and food-process projects in the region specify, and hold the common sizes for quick despatch. ### What is Seamless stainless steel pipe? Seamless stainless pipe starts as a round billet that is heated and pierced or extruded into a hollow, then cold-drawn or cold-pilgered to size, solution-annealed, pickled and tested — there is no longitudinal weld, so there is no heat-affected zone, no bead and no joint factor: the code allows the full wall in the pressure calculation (E = 1.0) where welded pipe without full radiography gets 0.85. That is why seamless is specified for high pressure (sch 80, 160, XXS), for boiler and superheater tubes, heat-exchanger and condenser tubes (A213 / EN 10216-5 with tight wall tolerance), hydraulic and instrumentation lines (small-bore, 6–50 mm, often bright annealed and eddy-current tested), and for any service where a weld defect would be unacceptable — refinery, petrochemical, fertiliser, power, LNG and pharmaceutical projects. Grades are the same austenitics as welded pipe: 304L (1.4307) and 316L (1.4404) for most work, 321 (1.4541) and 347 for 400–800 °C, 310S for furnaces and duplex 2205 for chlorides. Dimensions follow ASME B36.19M (NPS ½–12, schedules 5S–160) or metric OD × wall (EN 10216-5, 6–323.9 mm); ends plain, bevelled or threaded. Seamless costs 30–60 % more than welded pipe of the same size and is usually made to order beyond the common ½"–4" sch 10S/40S range, which stock partners hold. Where the specification allows welded pipe (A312 welded, EN 10217-7) it is the cheaper and often more uniform choice; we supply both and say which is which on the certificate. ### Weight table — round stainless tube by OD and wall (kg/m and per 6 m) Metric OD × wall weights; for NPS × schedule sizes use ASME B36.19M (e.g. 2" sch 40S = 60.3 × 3.91 mm, 5.44 kg/m). | OD (mm) | Wall (mm) | kg/m | kg per 6 m | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 20 | 1 | 0.473 | 2.84 | | 20 | 1.2 | 0.562 | 3.37 | | 20 | 1.5 | 0.691 | 4.15 | | 20 | 2 | 0.897 | 5.38 | | 20 | 2.5 | 1.09 | 6.54 | | 20 | 3 | 1.271 | 7.63 | | 21.3 | 1 | 0.506 | 3.04 | | 21.3 | 1.2 | 0.601 | 3.61 | | 21.3 | 1.5 | 0.74 | 4.44 | | 21.3 | 2 | 0.962 | 5.77 | | 21.3 | 2.5 | 1.171 | 7.03 | | 21.3 | 3 | 1.368 | 8.21 | | 22 | 1 | 0.523 | 3.14 | | 22 | 1.2 | 0.622 | 3.73 | | 22 | 1.5 | 0.766 | 4.6 | | 22 | 2 | 0.997 | 5.98 | | 22 | 2.5 | 1.215 | 7.29 | | 22 | 3 | 1.42 | 8.52 | | 25 | 1 | 0.598 | 3.59 | | 25 | 1.2 | 0.712 | 4.27 | | 25 | 1.5 | 0.878 | 5.27 | | 25 | 2 | 1.146 | 6.88 | | 25 | 2.5 | 1.401 | 8.41 | | 25 | 3 | 1.644 | 9.86 | | 26.9 | 1 | 0.645 | 3.87 | | 26.9 | 1.2 | 0.768 | 4.61 | | 26.9 | 1.5 | 0.949 | 5.69 | | 26.9 | 2 | 1.241 | 7.45 | | 26.9 | 2.5 | 1.52 | 9.12 | | 26.9 | 3 | 1.786 | 10.72 | | 28 | 1 | 0.673 | 4.04 | | 28 | 1.2 | 0.801 | 4.81 | | 28 | 1.5 | 0.99 | 5.94 | | 28 | 2 | 1.295 | 7.77 | | 28 | 2.5 | 1.588 | 9.53 | | 28 | 3 | 1.868 | 11.21 | | 30 | 1 | 0.722 | 4.33 | | 30 | 1.2 | 0.861 | 5.17 | | 30 | 1.5 | 1.065 | 6.39 | | 30 | 2 | 1.395 | 8.37 | | 30 | 2.5 | 1.713 | 10.28 | | 30 | 3 | 2.018 | 12.11 | | 32 | 1 | 0.772 | 4.63 | | 32 | 1.2 | 0.921 | 5.53 | | 32 | 1.5 | 1.14 | 6.84 | | 32 | 2 | 1.495 | 8.97 | | 32 | 2.5 | 1.837 | 11.02 | | 32 | 3 | 2.167 | 13 | | 33.7 | 1 | 0.815 | 4.89 | | 33.7 | 1.2 | 0.972 | 5.83 | | 33.7 | 1.5 | 1.203 | 7.22 | | 33.7 | 2 | 1.579 | 9.47 | | 33.7 | 2.5 | 1.943 | 11.66 | | 33.7 | 3 | 2.294 | 13.76 | | 35 | 1 | 0.847 | 5.08 | | 35 | 1.2 | 1.01 | 6.06 | | 35 | 1.5 | 1.252 | 7.51 | | 35 | 2 | 1.644 | 9.86 | | 35 | 2.5 | 2.024 | 12.14 | | 35 | 3 | 2.392 | 14.35 | | 38 | 1 | 0.922 | 5.53 | | 38 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 6.6 | | 38 | 1.5 | 1.364 | 8.18 | | 38 | 2 | 1.794 | 10.76 | | 38 | 2.5 | 2.211 | 13.27 | | 38 | 3 | 2.616 | 15.7 | | 40 | 1 | 0.972 | 5.83 | | 40 | 1.2 | 1.16 | 6.96 | | 40 | 1.5 | 1.439 | 8.63 | | 40 | 2 | 1.893 | 11.36 | | 40 | 2.5 | 2.336 | 14.02 | | 40 | 3 | 2.765 | 16.59 | | 42.4 | 1 | 1.031 | 6.19 | | 42.4 | 1.2 | 1.232 | 7.39 | | 42.4 | 1.5 | 1.528 | 9.17 | | 42.4 | 2 | 2.013 | 12.08 | | 42.4 | 2.5 | 2.485 | 14.91 | | 42.4 | 3 | 2.945 | 17.67 | | 44.5 | 1 | 1.084 | 6.5 | | 44.5 | 1.2 | 1.294 | 7.76 | | 44.5 | 1.5 | 1.607 | 9.64 | | 44.5 | 2 | 2.118 | 12.71 | | 44.5 | 2.5 | 2.616 | 15.7 | | 44.5 | 3 | 3.102 | 18.61 | | 48.3 | 1 | 1.178 | 7.07 | | 48.3 | 1.2 | 1.408 | 8.45 | | 48.3 | 1.5 | 1.749 | 10.49 | | 48.3 | 2 | 2.307 | 13.84 | | 48.3 | 2.5 | 2.853 | 17.12 | | 48.3 | 3 | 3.386 | 20.32 | | 50 | 1 | 1.221 | 7.33 | | 50 | 1.2 | 1.459 | 8.75 | | 50 | 1.5 | 1.812 | 10.87 | | 50 | 2 | 2.392 | 14.35 | | 50 | 2.5 | 2.958 | 17.75 | | 50 | 3 | 3.513 | 21.08 | | 50.8 | 1 | 1.241 | 7.45 | | 50.8 | 1.2 | 1.483 | 8.9 | | 50.8 | 1.5 | 1.842 | 11.05 | | 50.8 | 2 | 2.431 | 14.59 | | 50.8 | 2.5 | 3.008 | 18.05 | | 50.8 | 3 | 3.572 | 21.43 | | 54 | 1 | 1.32 | 7.92 | | 54 | 1.2 | 1.578 | 9.47 | | 54 | 1.5 | 1.962 | 11.77 | | 54 | 2 | 2.591 | 15.55 | | 54 | 2.5 | 3.208 | 19.25 | | 54 | 3 | 3.812 | 22.87 | | 57 | 1 | 1.395 | 8.37 | | 57 | 1.2 | 1.668 | 10.01 | | 57 | 1.5 | 2.074 | 12.44 | | 57 | 2 | 2.74 | 16.44 | | 57 | 2.5 | 3.394 | 20.36 | | 57 | 3 | 4.036 | 24.22 | | 60.3 | 1 | 1.477 | 8.86 | | 60.3 | 1.2 | 1.767 | 10.6 | | 60.3 | 1.5 | 2.197 | 13.18 | | 60.3 | 2 | 2.905 | 17.43 | | 60.3 | 2.5 | 3.6 | 21.6 | | 60.3 | 3 | 4.283 | 25.7 | | 63.5 | 1 | 1.557 | 9.34 | | 63.5 | 1.2 | 1.862 | 11.17 | | 63.5 | 1.5 | 2.317 | 13.9 | | 63.5 | 2 | 3.064 | 18.38 | | 63.5 | 2.5 | 3.799 | 22.79 | | 63.5 | 3 | 4.522 | 27.13 | | 70 | 1 | 1.719 | 10.31 | | 70 | 1.2 | 2.057 | 12.34 | | 70 | 1.5 | 2.56 | 15.36 | | 70 | 2 | 3.388 | 20.33 | | 70 | 2.5 | 4.204 | 25.22 | | 70 | 3 | 5.007 | 30.04 | | 76.1 | 1 | 1.871 | 11.23 | | 76.1 | 1.2 | 2.239 | 13.43 | | 76.1 | 1.5 | 2.788 | 16.73 | | 76.1 | 2 | 3.692 | 22.15 | | 76.1 | 2.5 | 4.584 | 27.5 | | 76.1 | 3 | 5.463 | 32.78 | | 80 | 1 | 1.968 | 11.81 | | 80 | 1.2 | 2.356 | 14.14 | | 80 | 1.5 | 2.933 | 17.6 | | 80 | 2 | 3.886 | 23.32 | | 80 | 2.5 | 4.827 | 28.96 | | 80 | 3 | 5.755 | 34.53 | | 84 | 1 | 2.068 | 12.41 | | 84 | 1.2 | 2.475 | 14.85 | | 84 | 1.5 | 3.083 | 18.5 | | 84 | 2 | 4.086 | 24.52 | | 84 | 2.5 | 5.076 | 30.46 | | 84 | 3 | 6.054 | 36.32 | | 88.9 | 1 | 2.19 | 13.14 | | 88.9 | 1.2 | 2.622 | 15.73 | | 88.9 | 1.5 | 3.266 | 19.6 | | 88.9 | 2 | 4.33 | 25.98 | | 88.9 | 2.5 | 5.381 | 32.29 | | 88.9 | 3 | 6.42 | 38.52 | _Welded EN 10217-7 / ASTM A554 (ornamental) and A312 (pressure); density 7.93 kg/dm³; 6 m lengths._ ### Grades, standards and tolerances | Grade / standard | Yield (MPa) | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | TP304L / 1.4307 | ≥ 170 (A312) / 200 (EN) | general seamless, welded fabrications | | TP316L / 1.4404 | ≥ 170 / 200 | chloride and chemical service | | TP321 / 1.4541 | ≥ 205 / 200 | stabilised, 400–800 °C, boiler tubes | | TP347 / 1.4550 | ≥ 205 | high temperature, welded assemblies | | TP310S / 1.4845 | ≥ 205 | furnaces, 1 000 °C | | UNS S31803 / 1.4462 duplex | ≥ 450 | seawater, brine, high strength | _A312 and EN 10216-5 minimums differ slightly; dual-certified pipe meets both._ ### Seamless vs welded stainless pipe | Aspect | Seamless (A312 SMLS, EN 10216-5) | Welded (A312 WLD, EN 10217-7) | | --- | --- | --- | | Manufacture | pierced / extruded billet, cold-drawn | strip formed and TIG / laser / HF welded, annealed | | Joint efficiency (ASME B31.3) | 1.0 | 0.85 (1.0 with 100 % RT) | | Wall tolerance | ±12.5 % (A312), ±10 % (EN) | ±10 %; more uniform | | Surface | pickled, slight drawing marks | smooth 2B-derived | | Sizes | ⅛"–24", sch 5S–XXS | ½"–48", sch 5S–40S mainly | | Price | base + 30–60 % | base | | Lead time | stock ½"–4" common; else 4–8 weeks | stock to 8" | | Typical spec | high pressure, boiler, heat-exchanger, hydraulic, instrumentation | process, water, food, structural | _Eddy-current or ultrasonic testing is standard on both; hydrostatic test on all pressure pipe._ ### Schedule and pressure guide | NPS | OD (mm) | Sch 10S | Sch 40S | Sch 80 | Sch 160 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | ½" | 21.3 | 2.11 mm · 240 bar | 2.77 · 320 | 3.73 · 450 | 4.78 · 600 | | 1" | 33.4 | 2.77 · 200 | 3.38 · 245 | 4.55 · 340 | 6.35 · 490 | | 2" | 60.3 | 2.77 · 110 | 3.91 · 155 | 5.54 · 225 | 8.74 · 370 | | 3" | 88.9 | 3.05 · 80 | 5.49 · 150 | 7.62 · 210 | 11.13 · 320 | | 4" | 114.3 | 3.05 · 60 | 6.02 · 125 | 8.56 · 185 | 13.49 · 300 | | 6" | 168.3 | 3.40 · 45 | 7.11 · 100 | 10.97 · 160 | 18.26 · 275 | | 8" | 219.1 | 3.76 · 40 | 8.18 · 90 | 12.70 · 140 | 23.01 · 265 | _Design pressures must be calculated for the actual temperature, corrosion allowance and code; values here are for orientation only._ ### Lengths and stock ½"–4" in sch 10S and 40S, 304L and 316L, are held by our stock partners for despatch within 1–2 weeks; sch 80, 160, larger sizes, 321 / 347 / 310S / duplex and heat-exchanger tube are mill orders of 4–8 weeks. Random lengths 5–7 m or fixed 6 m; ends plain or bevelled 30°. ### Cutting, bevelling and welding Cold-saw or band-saw cutting, machine bevelling to 30–37.5° for butt welds; TIG root with argon purge and matching filler (ER308L / ER316L / ER347 for 321), then pickle; no preheat, interpass ≤ 150 °C. Bending of small-bore tube on mandrel benders; thick-wall pipe by induction. Hydraulic and instrumentation tube is supplied bright-annealed for compression fittings (Swagelok-type) and must not be scratched. ### Where it is used - High-pressure process, hydraulic and steam lines - Boiler, superheater and heat-exchanger tubes - Refinery, petrochemical and fertiliser plant piping - Instrumentation and impulse lines (small-bore) - LNG, cryogenic and offshore piping - Pharmaceutical and food high-purity lines (bright annealed) ### Seamless vs welded — when to pay for it If the code, the pressure or the temperature calls for it, seamless is not negotiable; for process water, ducting, food lines and structures the welded 304 pipe and 316L pipe are cheaper and more uniform in wall. Carbon-steel seamless for the same duties is the seamless pipe page. ### Price Seamless stainless pipe is priced per metre or per ton by grade, size and schedule — 30–60 % above welded — and follows nickel; the bands below are indicative FOB Istanbul for the common sch 10S–40S range in 304L and 316L. Heavy schedules, special grades and A213 tubes are quoted per item. - Seamless 304L · sch 10S–40S: USD 4850–5250 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - Seamless 316L · sch 10S–40S: USD 5750–6150 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Seamless pipe is shipped in strapped bundles with plastic end caps, PE-wrapped against sea air, on timber bearers, tagged with heat, size, schedule and grade; small-bore instrumentation tube in wooden boxes. A 20' takes 15–20 t, a 40' HC 22–25 t of 6 m pipe. HS 7304.41 / 7304.49. - Moq: 300 kg (mixed sizes) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Common sizes 1–2 weeks from stock partners; mill order 4–8 weeks - Packing: Bundles with end caps, PE-wrapped, strapped on timber; small-bore in boxes - Container: 20' ≈ 15–20 t; 40' HC ≈ 22–25 t - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1, certificate of origin; 3.2 and PED on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight above 100 t ### Certificates Each heat ships with EN 10204 3.1 (chemistry, tensile, hardness, flattening / flaring, hydrostatic, eddy-current or UT) to A312 / A213 / EN 10216-5; 3.2 witnessing by Lloyd's, BV or TÜV, PED 2014/68/EU material certification, IGC (ASTM A262 E) and NACE MR0175 compliance are arranged at order. ### How to order Specify grade, NPS × schedule or OD × wall, standard (A312 / A213 / EN 10216-5), length and end finish, quantity in metres, certificate (3.1 / 3.2, PED, NACE MR0175 if sour service) and test requirements (hydro, ET/UT, IGC). ### FAQ **What is the difference between seamless and welded stainless pipe?** Seamless is drawn from a solid billet with no weld, giving a joint efficiency of 1.0 for pressure design and suitability for high pressure and temperature; welded pipe is formed from strip and costs 30–60 % less with a more uniform wall. **Which standard covers seamless stainless pipe?** ASTM A312 (pipe) and A213 (boiler / heat-exchanger tubes) in the US system; EN 10216-5 in Europe. Dual-certified pipe meets both. **What sizes are available?** ½"–12" (Ø 21.3–323.9 mm) in schedules 10S to 160, and small-bore tube 6–50 mm; ½"–4" sch 10S/40S in 304L and 316L are usually available within 1–2 weeks. **Is seamless pipe stronger than welded?** The steel is the same; seamless is credited with the full wall (E = 1.0) in code design and has no weld to inspect, which is why it is required at higher pressures and temperatures. **What is the price of seamless stainless pipe?** 30–60 % above welded pipe of the same size, quoted per metre — see the indicative bands above. ## Satin Stainless Steel Tube URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/stainless/satin-stainless-steel-tube/ Mirror shows every fingerprint; 2B looks industrial. Satin is what the architect draws and what the railing fabricator buys — the same 320-grit grain on the tube, the fittings and the finished weld. ### What is Satin stainless steel tube? Satin — also called brushed, No. 4, 2J/2K or hairline when the lines are long and continuous — is a mechanical finish: after welding and sizing, the tube passes through polishing heads with abrasive belts of 180, 240 or 320 grit that cut a fine, directional grain along its length; the weld seam is ground flush first so that the grain runs uninterrupted around the circumference. The result reflects softly rather than mirror-like, hides the fingerprints, water spots and light scratches that ruin a mirror surface, and can be renewed on site with a Scotch-Brite pad or a 320-grit belt — which is why it is the default finish of handrails, balustrades, guardrails, furniture, shop fittings, lift and door trims, kitchen and hospital frames. Grit matters: 180 is coarse and industrial, 240 the common commercial finish, 320 the fine architectural one, and the fabricator must match tube, fittings and welds at the same grit or the joints show. Round satin tube follows the handrail diameters (Ø 25.4, 33.7, 38.1, 42.4, 48.3, 50.8, 63.5, 76.2, 101.6 mm) in 1.2–2 mm walls; square and rectangular from 12 × 12 to 100 × 100 and 20 × 40 to 60 × 120 in 1–2 mm. Grade 304 for indoor and inland, 316 within a few kilometres of the sea or in pools. We stock the full round and square range in 304 satin 320 and the handrail sizes in 316, and our workshop cuts, mandrel-bends and re-polishes welded assemblies to match. ### Weight table — round satin tube (kg/m and per 6 m) Polishing removes ≈ 0.05 mm of wall; weights are nominal. | OD (mm) | Wall (mm) | kg/m | kg per 6 m | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 20 | 1 | 0.473 | 2.84 | | 20 | 1.2 | 0.562 | 3.37 | | 20 | 1.5 | 0.691 | 4.15 | | 20 | 2 | 0.897 | 5.38 | | 20 | 2.5 | 1.09 | 6.54 | | 20 | 3 | 1.271 | 7.63 | | 21.3 | 1 | 0.506 | 3.04 | | 21.3 | 1.2 | 0.601 | 3.61 | | 21.3 | 1.5 | 0.74 | 4.44 | | 21.3 | 2 | 0.962 | 5.77 | | 21.3 | 2.5 | 1.171 | 7.03 | | 21.3 | 3 | 1.368 | 8.21 | | 22 | 1 | 0.523 | 3.14 | | 22 | 1.2 | 0.622 | 3.73 | | 22 | 1.5 | 0.766 | 4.6 | | 22 | 2 | 0.997 | 5.98 | | 22 | 2.5 | 1.215 | 7.29 | | 22 | 3 | 1.42 | 8.52 | | 25 | 1 | 0.598 | 3.59 | | 25 | 1.2 | 0.712 | 4.27 | | 25 | 1.5 | 0.878 | 5.27 | | 25 | 2 | 1.146 | 6.88 | | 25 | 2.5 | 1.401 | 8.41 | | 25 | 3 | 1.644 | 9.86 | | 26.9 | 1 | 0.645 | 3.87 | | 26.9 | 1.2 | 0.768 | 4.61 | | 26.9 | 1.5 | 0.949 | 5.69 | | 26.9 | 2 | 1.241 | 7.45 | | 26.9 | 2.5 | 1.52 | 9.12 | | 26.9 | 3 | 1.786 | 10.72 | | 28 | 1 | 0.673 | 4.04 | | 28 | 1.2 | 0.801 | 4.81 | | 28 | 1.5 | 0.99 | 5.94 | | 28 | 2 | 1.295 | 7.77 | | 28 | 2.5 | 1.588 | 9.53 | | 28 | 3 | 1.868 | 11.21 | | 30 | 1 | 0.722 | 4.33 | | 30 | 1.2 | 0.861 | 5.17 | | 30 | 1.5 | 1.065 | 6.39 | | 30 | 2 | 1.395 | 8.37 | | 30 | 2.5 | 1.713 | 10.28 | | 30 | 3 | 2.018 | 12.11 | | 32 | 1 | 0.772 | 4.63 | | 32 | 1.2 | 0.921 | 5.53 | | 32 | 1.5 | 1.14 | 6.84 | | 32 | 2 | 1.495 | 8.97 | | 32 | 2.5 | 1.837 | 11.02 | | 32 | 3 | 2.167 | 13 | | 33.7 | 1 | 0.815 | 4.89 | | 33.7 | 1.2 | 0.972 | 5.83 | | 33.7 | 1.5 | 1.203 | 7.22 | | 33.7 | 2 | 1.579 | 9.47 | | 33.7 | 2.5 | 1.943 | 11.66 | | 33.7 | 3 | 2.294 | 13.76 | | 35 | 1 | 0.847 | 5.08 | | 35 | 1.2 | 1.01 | 6.06 | | 35 | 1.5 | 1.252 | 7.51 | | 35 | 2 | 1.644 | 9.86 | | 35 | 2.5 | 2.024 | 12.14 | | 35 | 3 | 2.392 | 14.35 | | 38 | 1 | 0.922 | 5.53 | | 38 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 6.6 | | 38 | 1.5 | 1.364 | 8.18 | | 38 | 2 | 1.794 | 10.76 | | 38 | 2.5 | 2.211 | 13.27 | | 38 | 3 | 2.616 | 15.7 | | 40 | 1 | 0.972 | 5.83 | | 40 | 1.2 | 1.16 | 6.96 | | 40 | 1.5 | 1.439 | 8.63 | | 40 | 2 | 1.893 | 11.36 | | 40 | 2.5 | 2.336 | 14.02 | | 40 | 3 | 2.765 | 16.59 | | 42.4 | 1 | 1.031 | 6.19 | | 42.4 | 1.2 | 1.232 | 7.39 | | 42.4 | 1.5 | 1.528 | 9.17 | | 42.4 | 2 | 2.013 | 12.08 | | 42.4 | 2.5 | 2.485 | 14.91 | | 42.4 | 3 | 2.945 | 17.67 | | 44.5 | 1 | 1.084 | 6.5 | | 44.5 | 1.2 | 1.294 | 7.76 | | 44.5 | 1.5 | 1.607 | 9.64 | | 44.5 | 2 | 2.118 | 12.71 | | 44.5 | 2.5 | 2.616 | 15.7 | | 44.5 | 3 | 3.102 | 18.61 | | 48.3 | 1 | 1.178 | 7.07 | | 48.3 | 1.2 | 1.408 | 8.45 | | 48.3 | 1.5 | 1.749 | 10.49 | | 48.3 | 2 | 2.307 | 13.84 | | 48.3 | 2.5 | 2.853 | 17.12 | | 48.3 | 3 | 3.386 | 20.32 | | 50 | 1 | 1.221 | 7.33 | | 50 | 1.2 | 1.459 | 8.75 | | 50 | 1.5 | 1.812 | 10.87 | | 50 | 2 | 2.392 | 14.35 | | 50 | 2.5 | 2.958 | 17.75 | | 50 | 3 | 3.513 | 21.08 | | 50.8 | 1 | 1.241 | 7.45 | | 50.8 | 1.2 | 1.483 | 8.9 | | 50.8 | 1.5 | 1.842 | 11.05 | | 50.8 | 2 | 2.431 | 14.59 | | 50.8 | 2.5 | 3.008 | 18.05 | | 50.8 | 3 | 3.572 | 21.43 | | 54 | 1 | 1.32 | 7.92 | | 54 | 1.2 | 1.578 | 9.47 | | 54 | 1.5 | 1.962 | 11.77 | | 54 | 2 | 2.591 | 15.55 | | 54 | 2.5 | 3.208 | 19.25 | | 54 | 3 | 3.812 | 22.87 | | 57 | 1 | 1.395 | 8.37 | | 57 | 1.2 | 1.668 | 10.01 | | 57 | 1.5 | 2.074 | 12.44 | | 57 | 2 | 2.74 | 16.44 | | 57 | 2.5 | 3.394 | 20.36 | | 57 | 3 | 4.036 | 24.22 | | 60.3 | 1 | 1.477 | 8.86 | | 60.3 | 1.2 | 1.767 | 10.6 | | 60.3 | 1.5 | 2.197 | 13.18 | | 60.3 | 2 | 2.905 | 17.43 | | 60.3 | 2.5 | 3.6 | 21.6 | | 60.3 | 3 | 4.283 | 25.7 | | 63.5 | 1 | 1.557 | 9.34 | | 63.5 | 1.2 | 1.862 | 11.17 | | 63.5 | 1.5 | 2.317 | 13.9 | | 63.5 | 2 | 3.064 | 18.38 | | 63.5 | 2.5 | 3.799 | 22.79 | | 63.5 | 3 | 4.522 | 27.13 | | 70 | 1 | 1.719 | 10.31 | | 70 | 1.2 | 2.057 | 12.34 | | 70 | 1.5 | 2.56 | 15.36 | | 70 | 2 | 3.388 | 20.33 | | 70 | 2.5 | 4.204 | 25.22 | | 70 | 3 | 5.007 | 30.04 | | 76.1 | 1 | 1.871 | 11.23 | | 76.1 | 1.2 | 2.239 | 13.43 | | 76.1 | 1.5 | 2.788 | 16.73 | | 76.1 | 2 | 3.692 | 22.15 | | 76.1 | 2.5 | 4.584 | 27.5 | | 76.1 | 3 | 5.463 | 32.78 | | 80 | 1 | 1.968 | 11.81 | | 80 | 1.2 | 2.356 | 14.14 | | 80 | 1.5 | 2.933 | 17.6 | | 80 | 2 | 3.886 | 23.32 | | 80 | 2.5 | 4.827 | 28.96 | | 80 | 3 | 5.755 | 34.53 | | 84 | 1 | 2.068 | 12.41 | | 84 | 1.2 | 2.475 | 14.85 | | 84 | 1.5 | 3.083 | 18.5 | | 84 | 2 | 4.086 | 24.52 | | 84 | 2.5 | 5.076 | 30.46 | | 84 | 3 | 6.054 | 36.32 | | 88.9 | 1 | 2.19 | 13.14 | | 88.9 | 1.2 | 2.622 | 15.73 | | 88.9 | 1.5 | 3.266 | 19.6 | | 88.9 | 2 | 4.33 | 25.98 | | 88.9 | 2.5 | 5.381 | 32.29 | | 88.9 | 3 | 6.42 | 38.52 | _Welded EN 10217-7 / ASTM A554 (ornamental) and A312 (pressure); density 7.93 kg/dm³; 6 m lengths._ ### Weight table — square and rectangular satin tube Square and rectangular sizes as stocked in 304 satin; 316 in the common sizes to order. | Size (mm) | Wall (mm) | kg/m | kg per 6 m | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 12 × 12 | 1 | 0.358 | 2.15 | | 15 × 10 | 1 | 0.37 | 2.22 | | 15 × 10 | 1.2 | 0.44 | 2.64 | | 15 × 10 | 1.5 | 0.54 | 3.24 | | 15 × 15 | 1 | 0.453 | 2.72 | | 15 × 15 | 1.2 | 0.538 | 3.23 | | 15 × 15 | 1.5 | 0.661 | 3.97 | | 16 × 16 | 1 | 0.485 | 2.91 | | 16 × 16 | 1.2 | 0.576 | 3.46 | | 16 × 16 | 1.5 | 0.709 | 4.25 | | 19 × 19 | 1 | 0.567 | 3.4 | | 19 × 19 | 1.2 | 0.675 | 4.05 | | 19 × 19 | 1.5 | 0.832 | 4.99 | | 19 × 19 | 2 | 1.09 | 6.54 | | 20 × 10 | 1 | 0.453 | 2.72 | | 20 × 10 | 1.2 | 0.538 | 3.23 | | 20 × 10 | 1.5 | 0.661 | 3.97 | | 20 × 15 | 1 | 0.533 | 3.2 | | 20 × 15 | 1.2 | 0.634 | 3.8 | | 20 × 15 | 1.5 | 0.781 | 4.69 | | 20 × 15 | 2 | 1.016 | 6.1 | | 20 × 20 | 1 | 0.613 | 3.68 | | 20 × 20 | 1.2 | 0.729 | 4.37 | | 20 × 20 | 1.5 | 0.901 | 5.41 | | 20 × 20 | 2 | 1.176 | 7.06 | | 22 × 22 | 1 | 0.677 | 4.06 | | 22 × 22 | 1.2 | 0.806 | 4.84 | | 22 × 22 | 1.5 | 0.996 | 5.98 | | 22 × 22 | 2 | 1.303 | 7.82 | | 25 × 10 | 1 | 0.533 | 3.2 | | 25 × 10 | 1.2 | 0.634 | 3.8 | | 25 × 10 | 1.5 | 0.781 | 4.69 | | 25 × 15 | 1 | 0.613 | 3.68 | | 25 × 15 | 1.2 | 0.729 | 4.37 | | 25 × 15 | 1.5 | 0.901 | 5.41 | | 25 × 15 | 2 | 1.176 | 7.06 | | 25 × 20 | 1 | 0.693 | 4.16 | | 25 × 20 | 1.2 | 0.825 | 4.95 | | 25 × 20 | 1.5 | 1.02 | 6.12 | | 25 × 20 | 2 | 1.335 | 8.01 | | 25 × 25 | 1 | 0.772 | 4.63 | | 25 × 25 | 1.2 | 0.921 | 5.53 | | 25 × 25 | 1.5 | 1.14 | 6.84 | | 25 × 25 | 2 | 1.495 | 8.97 | | 25 × 25 | 2.5 | 1.837 | 11.02 | | 25 × 25 | 3 | 2.167 | 13 | | 30 × 10 | 1 | 0.613 | 3.68 | | 30 × 10 | 1.2 | 0.729 | 4.37 | | 30 × 10 | 1.5 | 0.901 | 5.41 | | 30 × 10 | 2 | 1.176 | 7.06 | | 30 × 15 | 1 | 0.693 | 4.16 | | 30 × 15 | 1.2 | 0.825 | 4.95 | | 30 × 15 | 1.5 | 1.02 | 6.12 | | 30 × 15 | 2 | 1.335 | 8.01 | | 30 × 20 | 1 | 0.772 | 4.63 | | 30 × 20 | 1.2 | 0.921 | 5.53 | | 30 × 20 | 1.5 | 1.14 | 6.84 | | 30 × 20 | 2 | 1.495 | 8.97 | | 30 × 20 | 2.5 | 1.837 | 11.02 | | 30 × 20 | 3 | 2.167 | 13 | | 30 × 25 | 1 | 0.84 | 5.04 | | 30 × 25 | 1.2 | 1 | 6 | | 30 × 25 | 1.5 | 1.24 | 7.44 | | 30 × 25 | 2 | 1.63 | 9.78 | | 30 × 30 | 1 | 0.932 | 5.59 | | 30 × 30 | 1.2 | 1.112 | 6.67 | | 30 × 30 | 1.5 | 1.379 | 8.27 | | 30 × 30 | 2 | 1.814 | 10.88 | | 30 × 30 | 2.5 | 2.236 | 13.42 | | 30 × 30 | 3 | 2.645 | 15.87 | | 32 × 32 | 1 | 0.96 | 5.76 | | 32 × 32 | 1.2 | 1.15 | 6.9 | | 32 × 32 | 1.5 | 1.42 | 8.52 | | 32 × 32 | 2 | 1.87 | 11.22 | | 32 × 32 | 2.5 | 2.31 | 13.86 | | 32 × 32 | 3 | 2.74 | 16.44 | | 35 × 15 | 1 | 0.76 | 4.56 | | 35 × 15 | 1.2 | 0.91 | 5.46 | | 35 × 15 | 1.5 | 1.13 | 6.78 | | 35 × 15 | 2 | 1.48 | 8.88 | | 35 × 20 | 1 | 0.852 | 5.11 | | 35 × 20 | 1.2 | 1.017 | 6.1 | | 35 × 20 | 1.5 | 1.259 | 7.55 | | 35 × 20 | 2 | 1.654 | 9.92 | | 35 × 20 | 2.5 | 2.036 | 12.22 | | 35 × 20 | 3 | 2.406 | 14.44 | | 35 × 35 | 1 | 1.091 | 6.55 | | 35 × 35 | 1.2 | 1.304 | 7.82 | | 35 × 35 | 1.5 | 1.618 | 9.71 | | 35 × 35 | 2 | 2.133 | 12.8 | | 35 × 35 | 2.5 | 2.635 | 15.81 | | 35 × 35 | 3 | 3.124 | 18.74 | | 40 × 10 | 1 | 0.76 | 4.56 | | 40 × 10 | 1.2 | 0.91 | 5.46 | | 40 × 10 | 1.5 | 1.13 | 6.78 | | 40 × 10 | 2 | 1.48 | 8.88 | | 40 × 15 | 1 | 0.852 | 5.11 | | 40 × 15 | 1.2 | 1.017 | 6.1 | | 40 × 15 | 1.5 | 1.259 | 7.55 | | 40 × 15 | 2 | 1.654 | 9.92 | | 40 × 15 | 2.5 | 2.036 | 12.22 | | 40 × 15 | 3 | 2.406 | 14.44 | | 40 × 20 | 1 | 0.932 | 5.59 | | 40 × 20 | 1.2 | 1.112 | 6.67 | | 40 × 20 | 1.5 | 1.379 | 8.27 | | 40 × 20 | 2 | 1.814 | 10.88 | | 40 × 20 | 2.5 | 2.236 | 13.42 | | 40 × 20 | 3 | 2.645 | 15.87 | | 40 × 30 | 1 | 1.091 | 6.55 | | 40 × 30 | 1.2 | 1.304 | 7.82 | | 40 × 30 | 1.5 | 1.618 | 9.71 | | 40 × 30 | 2 | 2.133 | 12.8 | | 40 × 30 | 2.5 | 2.635 | 15.81 | | 40 × 30 | 3 | 3.124 | 18.74 | | 40 × 40 | 1 | 1.251 | 7.51 | | 40 × 40 | 1.2 | 1.495 | 8.97 | | 40 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.858 | 11.15 | | 40 × 40 | 2 | 2.452 | 14.71 | | 40 × 40 | 2.5 | 3.033 | 18.2 | | 40 × 40 | 3 | 3.602 | 21.61 | | 40 × 40 | 4 | 4.703 | 28.22 | | 45 × 15 | 1 | 0.91 | 5.46 | | 45 × 15 | 1.2 | 1.09 | 6.54 | | 45 × 15 | 1.5 | 1.35 | 8.1 | | 45 × 15 | 2 | 1.78 | 10.68 | | 45 × 20 | 1 | 0.99 | 5.94 | | 45 × 20 | 1.2 | 1.18 | 7.08 | | 45 × 20 | 1.5 | 1.46 | 8.76 | | 45 × 20 | 2 | 1.92 | 11.52 | | 45 × 45 | 1 | 1.41 | 8.46 | | 45 × 45 | 1.2 | 1.686 | 10.12 | | 45 × 45 | 1.5 | 2.097 | 12.58 | | 45 × 45 | 2 | 2.771 | 16.63 | | 45 × 45 | 2.5 | 3.432 | 20.59 | | 45 × 45 | 3 | 4.081 | 24.49 | | 50 × 10 | 1 | 0.91 | 5.46 | | 50 × 10 | 1.2 | 1.09 | 6.54 | | 50 × 10 | 1.5 | 1.35 | 8.1 | | 50 × 10 | 2 | 1.78 | 10.68 | | 50 × 20 | 1 | 1.091 | 6.55 | | 50 × 20 | 1.2 | 1.304 | 7.82 | | 50 × 20 | 1.5 | 1.618 | 9.71 | | 50 × 20 | 2 | 2.133 | 12.8 | | 50 × 20 | 2.5 | 2.635 | 15.81 | | 50 × 20 | 3 | 3.124 | 18.74 | | 50 × 25 | 1 | 1.171 | 7.03 | | 50 × 25 | 1.2 | 1.399 | 8.39 | | 50 × 25 | 1.5 | 1.738 | 10.43 | | 50 × 25 | 2 | 2.292 | 13.75 | | 50 × 25 | 2.5 | 2.834 | 17 | | 50 × 25 | 3 | 3.363 | 20.18 | | 50 × 30 | 1 | 1.251 | 7.51 | | 50 × 30 | 1.2 | 1.495 | 8.97 | | 50 × 30 | 1.5 | 1.858 | 11.15 | | 50 × 30 | 2 | 2.452 | 14.71 | | 50 × 30 | 2.5 | 3.033 | 18.2 | | 50 × 30 | 3 | 3.602 | 21.61 | | 50 × 40 | 1 | 1.41 | 8.46 | | 50 × 40 | 1.2 | 1.686 | 10.12 | | 50 × 40 | 1.5 | 2.097 | 12.58 | | 50 × 40 | 2 | 2.771 | 16.63 | | 50 × 40 | 2.5 | 3.432 | 20.59 | | 50 × 40 | 3 | 4.081 | 24.49 | | 50 × 50 | 1.2 | 1.878 | 11.27 | | 50 × 50 | 1.5 | 2.336 | 14.02 | | 50 × 50 | 2 | 3.09 | 18.54 | | 50 × 50 | 2.5 | 3.831 | 22.99 | | 50 × 50 | 3 | 4.559 | 27.35 | | 50 × 50 | 4 | 5.979 | 35.87 | | 50 × 50 | 5 | 7.349 | 44.09 | | 60 × 20 | 1 | 1.251 | 7.51 | | 60 × 20 | 1.2 | 1.495 | 8.97 | | 60 × 20 | 1.5 | 1.858 | 11.15 | | 60 × 20 | 2 | 2.452 | 14.71 | | 60 × 20 | 2.5 | 3.033 | 18.2 | | 60 × 20 | 3 | 3.602 | 21.61 | | 60 × 30 | 1 | 1.41 | 8.46 | | 60 × 30 | 1.2 | 1.686 | 10.12 | | 60 × 30 | 1.5 | 2.097 | 12.58 | | 60 × 30 | 2 | 2.771 | 16.63 | | 60 × 30 | 2.5 | 3.432 | 20.59 | | 60 × 30 | 3 | 4.081 | 24.49 | | 60 × 40 | 1.2 | 1.878 | 11.27 | | 60 × 40 | 1.5 | 2.336 | 14.02 | | 60 × 40 | 2 | 3.09 | 18.54 | | 60 × 40 | 2.5 | 3.831 | 22.99 | | 60 × 40 | 3 | 4.559 | 27.35 | | 60 × 40 | 4 | 5.979 | 35.87 | | 60 × 60 | 1.5 | 2.814 | 16.88 | | 60 × 60 | 2 | 3.728 | 22.37 | | 60 × 60 | 2.5 | 4.628 | 27.77 | | 60 × 60 | 3 | 5.516 | 33.1 | | 60 × 60 | 4 | 7.255 | 43.53 | | 60 × 60 | 5 | 8.943 | 53.66 | | 70 × 20 | 1.2 | 1.65 | 9.9 | | 70 × 20 | 1.5 | 2.05 | 12.3 | | 70 × 20 | 2 | 2.71 | 16.26 | | 70 × 20 | 2.5 | 3.36 | 20.16 | | 70 × 20 | 3 | 4 | 24 | | 70 × 30 | 1.5 | 2.29 | 13.74 | | 70 × 30 | 2 | 3.03 | 18.18 | | 70 × 30 | 2.5 | 3.76 | 22.56 | | 70 × 30 | 3 | 4.48 | 26.88 | | 70 × 40 | 1.5 | 2.575 | 15.45 | | 70 × 40 | 2 | 3.409 | 20.45 | | 70 × 40 | 2.5 | 4.229 | 25.37 | | 70 × 40 | 3 | 5.038 | 30.23 | | 70 × 70 | 1.5 | 3.293 | 19.76 | | 70 × 70 | 2 | 4.366 | 26.2 | | 70 × 70 | 2.5 | 5.426 | 32.56 | | 70 × 70 | 3 | 6.473 | 38.84 | | 70 × 70 | 4 | 8.531 | 51.19 | | 70 × 70 | 5 | 10.538 | 63.23 | | 80 × 20 | 1.5 | 2.29 | 13.74 | | 80 × 20 | 2 | 3.03 | 18.18 | | 80 × 20 | 2.5 | 3.76 | 22.56 | | 80 × 20 | 3 | 4.48 | 26.88 | | 80 × 30 | 1.5 | 2.53 | 15.18 | | 80 × 30 | 2 | 3.35 | 20.1 | | 80 × 30 | 2.5 | 4.16 | 24.96 | | 80 × 30 | 3 | 4.96 | 29.76 | | 80 × 40 | 1.5 | 2.814 | 16.88 | | 80 × 40 | 2 | 3.728 | 22.37 | | 80 × 40 | 2.5 | 4.628 | 27.77 | | 80 × 40 | 3 | 5.516 | 33.1 | | 80 × 40 | 4 | 7.255 | 43.53 | | 80 × 40 | 5 | 8.943 | 53.66 | | 80 × 40 | 6 | 10.582 | 63.49 | | 80 × 50 | 1.5 | 3.01 | 18.06 | | 80 × 50 | 2 | 4 | 24 | | 80 × 50 | 2.5 | 4.96 | 29.76 | | 80 × 50 | 3 | 5.92 | 35.52 | | 80 × 50 | 4 | 7.79 | 46.74 | | 80 × 50 | 5 | 9.62 | 57.72 | | 80 × 50 | 6 | 11.39 | 68.34 | | 80 × 60 | 1.5 | 3.293 | 19.76 | | 80 × 60 | 2 | 4.366 | 26.2 | | 80 × 60 | 2.5 | 5.426 | 32.56 | | 80 × 60 | 3 | 6.473 | 38.84 | | 80 × 60 | 4 | 8.531 | 51.19 | | 80 × 60 | 5 | 10.538 | 63.23 | | 80 × 60 | 6 | 12.496 | 74.98 | | 80 × 80 | 1.5 | 3.771 | 22.63 | | 80 × 80 | 2 | 5.004 | 30.02 | | 80 × 80 | 2.5 | 6.223 | 37.34 | | 80 × 80 | 3 | 7.43 | 44.58 | | 80 × 80 | 4 | 9.807 | 58.84 | | 80 × 80 | 5 | 12.133 | 72.8 | | 80 × 80 | 6 | 14.41 | 86.46 | | 100 × 20 | 1.5 | 2.76 | 16.56 | | 100 × 20 | 2 | 3.65 | 21.9 | | 100 × 20 | 2.5 | 4.54 | 27.24 | | 100 × 20 | 3 | 5.41 | 32.46 | | 100 × 30 | 1.5 | 3.01 | 18.06 | | 100 × 30 | 2 | 4 | 24 | | 100 × 30 | 2.5 | 4.96 | 29.76 | | 100 × 30 | 3 | 5.92 | 35.52 | | 100 × 40 | 1.5 | 3.293 | 19.76 | | 100 × 40 | 2 | 4.366 | 26.2 | | 100 × 40 | 2.5 | 5.426 | 32.56 | | 100 × 40 | 3 | 6.473 | 38.84 | | 100 × 40 | 4 | 8.531 | 51.19 | | 100 × 40 | 5 | 10.538 | 63.23 | | 100 × 40 | 6 | 12.496 | 74.98 | | 100 × 50 | 1.5 | 3.532 | 21.19 | | 100 × 50 | 2 | 4.685 | 28.11 | | 100 × 50 | 2.5 | 5.824 | 34.94 | | 100 × 50 | 3 | 6.952 | 41.71 | | 100 × 50 | 4 | 9.169 | 55.01 | | 100 × 50 | 5 | 11.336 | 68.02 | | 100 × 50 | 6 | 13.453 | 80.72 | | 100 × 60 | 1.5 | 3.771 | 22.63 | | 100 × 60 | 2 | 5.004 | 30.02 | | 100 × 60 | 2.5 | 6.223 | 37.34 | | 100 × 60 | 3 | 7.43 | 44.58 | | 100 × 60 | 4 | 9.807 | 58.84 | | 100 × 60 | 5 | 12.133 | 72.8 | | 100 × 60 | 6 | 14.41 | 86.46 | | 100 × 80 | 1.5 | 4.25 | 25.5 | | 100 × 80 | 2 | 5.641 | 33.85 | | 100 × 80 | 2.5 | 7.021 | 42.13 | | 100 × 80 | 3 | 8.387 | 50.32 | | 100 × 80 | 4 | 11.083 | 66.5 | | 100 × 80 | 5 | 13.728 | 82.37 | | 100 × 80 | 6 | 16.324 | 97.94 | | 100 × 100 | 1.5 | 4.728 | 28.37 | | 100 × 100 | 2 | 6.279 | 37.67 | | 100 × 100 | 2.5 | 7.818 | 46.91 | | 100 × 100 | 3 | 9.344 | 56.06 | | 100 × 100 | 4 | 12.359 | 74.15 | | 100 × 100 | 5 | 15.323 | 91.94 | | 100 × 100 | 6 | 18.237 | 109.42 | | 120 × 40 | 1.5 | 3.771 | 22.63 | | 120 × 40 | 2 | 5.004 | 30.02 | | 120 × 40 | 2.5 | 6.223 | 37.34 | | 120 × 40 | 3 | 7.43 | 44.58 | | 120 × 40 | 4 | 9.807 | 58.84 | | 120 × 40 | 5 | 12.133 | 72.8 | | 120 × 40 | 6 | 14.41 | 86.46 | | 120 × 60 | 1.5 | 4.25 | 25.5 | | 120 × 60 | 2 | 5.641 | 33.85 | | 120 × 60 | 2.5 | 7.021 | 42.13 | | 120 × 60 | 3 | 8.387 | 50.32 | | 120 × 60 | 4 | 11.083 | 66.5 | | 120 × 60 | 5 | 13.728 | 82.37 | | 120 × 60 | 6 | 16.324 | 97.94 | | 120 × 80 | 1.5 | 4.728 | 28.37 | | 120 × 80 | 2 | 6.279 | 37.67 | | 120 × 80 | 2.5 | 7.818 | 46.91 | | 120 × 80 | 3 | 9.344 | 56.06 | | 120 × 80 | 4 | 12.359 | 74.15 | | 120 × 80 | 5 | 15.323 | 91.94 | | 120 × 80 | 6 | 18.237 | 109.42 | | 120 × 120 | 2 | 7.555 | 45.33 | | 120 × 120 | 2.5 | 9.413 | 56.48 | | 120 × 120 | 3 | 11.258 | 67.55 | | 120 × 120 | 4 | 14.91 | 89.46 | | 120 × 120 | 5 | 18.513 | 111.08 | | 120 × 120 | 6 | 22.065 | 132.39 | | 140 × 80 | 3 | 10.301 | 61.81 | | 140 × 80 | 4 | 13.635 | 81.81 | | 140 × 80 | 5 | 16.918 | 101.51 | | 140 × 80 | 6 | 20.151 | 120.91 | | 140 × 140 | 2 | 8.831 | 52.99 | | 140 × 140 | 2.5 | 11.008 | 66.05 | | 140 × 140 | 3 | 13.172 | 79.03 | | 140 × 140 | 4 | 17.462 | 104.77 | | 140 × 140 | 5 | 21.703 | 130.22 | | 140 × 140 | 6 | 25.893 | 155.36 | | 150 × 50 | 3 | 9.344 | 56.06 | | 150 × 50 | 4 | 12.359 | 74.15 | | 150 × 50 | 5 | 15.323 | 91.94 | | 150 × 50 | 6 | 18.237 | 109.42 | | 150 × 100 | 3 | 11.736 | 70.42 | | 150 × 100 | 4 | 15.548 | 93.29 | | 150 × 100 | 5 | 19.31 | 115.86 | | 150 × 100 | 6 | 23.022 | 138.13 | | 150 × 150 | 2 | 9.469 | 56.81 | | 150 × 150 | 2.5 | 11.805 | 70.83 | | 150 × 150 | 3 | 14.129 | 84.77 | | 150 × 150 | 4 | 18.738 | 112.43 | | 150 × 150 | 5 | 23.298 | 139.79 | | 150 × 150 | 6 | 27.807 | 166.84 | | 160 × 80 | 3 | 11.258 | 67.55 | | 160 × 80 | 4 | 14.91 | 89.46 | | 160 × 80 | 5 | 18.513 | 111.08 | | 160 × 80 | 6 | 22.065 | 132.39 | | 200 × 100 | 3 | 14.129 | 84.77 | | 200 × 100 | 4 | 18.738 | 112.43 | | 200 × 100 | 5 | 23.298 | 139.79 | | 200 × 100 | 6 | 27.807 | 166.84 | | 200 × 200 | 2 | 12.659 | 75.95 | | 200 × 200 | 2.5 | 15.793 | 94.76 | | 200 × 200 | 3 | 18.913 | 113.48 | | 200 × 200 | 4 | 25.118 | 150.71 | | 200 × 200 | 5 | 31.272 | 187.63 | | 200 × 200 | 6 | 37.376 | 224.26 | _EN 10219 / ASTM A554; mill, 180/240 grit satin or mirror finish._ ### Grades, standards and tolerances | Grade / standard | Yield (MPa) | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | 1.4301 / 304 satin | ≥ 210 | indoor, inland — the stock grade | | 1.4401 / 316 satin | ≥ 220 | coastal, pool, marine | | 1.4307 / 304L | ≥ 200 | heavy welded assemblies | | 1.4016 / 430 satin | ≥ 260 | decorative trims, indoor dry, to order | _Finish designations: EN 10088-2 2J (brushed) / 2K (satin, Ra ≤ 0.5 µm); ASTM No. 4. Grit 320 ≈ Ra 0.3–0.4 µm._ ### Grit guide and handrail sizes | Grit | Ra (µm) | Look | Typical use | Common sizes | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 180 | 0.6–0.8 | coarse brushed, visible lines | industrial rails, trolleys, dairies | Ø 33.7–48.3 × 2; 40 × 40 × 2 | | 240 | 0.4–0.5 | standard commercial satin | handrails, shopfitting, furniture | Ø 42.4 / 50.8 × 1.5; 40 × 40 × 1.5 | | 320 | 0.3–0.4 | fine architectural satin | balustrades, lift trims, doors, kitchens | Ø 42.4 / 50.8 × 1.5; 50 × 50, 40 × 80 × 1.5 | | 400 / hairline | 0.2–0.3 | long continuous lines | façade, cladding trims | square / rectangular 1.2–1.5 | | Scotch-Brite | 0.3–0.5 | random fine | site repair of 240–320 | — | _Handrail codes: EN 1090 / EN 13200 railings typically Ø 42.4 or 50.8 mm; balustrade posts 40 × 40 or Ø 42.4 × 2; infill Ø 12–16 mm bar or 10 mm glass._ ### Lengths and stock 304 satin 320: round Ø 12–101.6 mm × 1–2 mm and square / rectangular 12 × 12 to 100 × 100 and 20 × 40 to 50 × 100 × 1–2 mm in 6 m; 316 satin in the handrail sizes Ø 33.7–50.8 and 40 × 40. Matching elbows, end caps, flanges, glass clamps and handrail brackets in the same finish from stock; other grits and sizes in 2–3 weeks. ### Cutting, bending, welding and matching the finish Cut with a cold saw or tube laser through the film; mandrel-bend round tube at ≥ 2.5 × OD and square at ≥ 3 × side (polish after bending on visible bends); TIG-weld with 308L / 316L and argon purge, grind the bead flush, then re-satin the joint lengthwise with the same grit — across the grain shows. Passivate or pickle heat tint before polishing. Remove the film within 6 months of delivery and never store satin tube in contact with carbon steel. ### Where it is used - Handrails, balustrades and guardrails (Ø 42.4 / 50.8 mm) - Furniture, tables, chairs and display frames - Shop fittings, counters and sign supports - Lift, door and façade trims - Kitchen, hospital, laboratory and hygienic frames - Bollards, bike stands and street furniture (316) ### Satin vs mirror vs 2B Mirror tube is for decorative and signage work where reflection is wanted and fingerprints are tolerated; 2B industrial tube (304 pipe) for hidden, ducted and process use. Satin is the architectural middle and the one with fittings to match. For chloride sites specify the 316 version; for the square and rectangular range see stainless square tube. ### Price Satin tube is priced per ton (or per piece) from the stainless list with a polishing premium over 2B of roughly 5–8 %; 316 satin about 40 % above 304. The bands below are the month\'s indicative FOB Istanbul ranges for 304 and 316 in the common sizes. - Satin 304 round / square · 12–76 mm: USD 3750–4150 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - Satin 316 round / square: USD 4650–5050 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Satin tube is wrapped tube by tube in PE film, bundled in 50–200 kg packs with cardboard corners and PE outer wrap, and crated for mixed orders so the finish arrives unmarked; 12–14 t per 20', 18–20 t per 40' HC in 6 m. Fittings boxed separately. HS 7306.40 / 7306.61. - Moq: 500 kg - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock 3–5 working days; special sizes and 316 rectangular 2–3 weeks - Packing: Each tube in PE film, bundles of 50–200 kg in PE and cardboard, crated - Container: 20' ≈ 12–14 t; 40' HC ≈ 18–20 t - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1, certificate of origin; 3.2 and PED on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight above 100 t ### Certificates Satin tube ships with the strip mill's EN 10204 3.1 certificate (grade, chemistry, mechanicals) and the tube mill's record of size, wall and finish grit; a finish sample is supplied on request so the fabricator can match fittings and welds. ### How to order Specify grade (304 / 316), shape and size (OD or side × wall), grit (180 / 240 / 320), length, quantity in pieces or metres, film, and the fittings to match; state indoor / coastal use. ### FAQ **What is satin finish on stainless tube?** A brushed, directional finish produced with 180–320 grit belts along the tube (EN 2J/2K, ASTM No. 4) — soft sheen, hides fingerprints and scratches, standard for handrails and architecture. **Which grit should I choose?** 240 for commercial handrails and furniture, 320 for architectural balustrades and interiors, 180 for industrial rails; match tube, fittings and welds at one grit. **What size tube for a handrail?** Ø 42.4 × 1.5–2 mm or Ø 50.8 × 1.5 mm for the rail; 40 × 40 × 2 or Ø 42.4 × 2 for posts; Ø 12–16 mm bar for infill. **Can a satin finish be repaired on site?** Yes — lightly with a Scotch-Brite pad along the grain or properly with a 240/320 belt; mirror finishes cannot be repaired on site. **304 or 316 satin tube outdoors?** 304 inland; 316 within a few kilometres of the sea, in pools or where de-icing salt is used. ## Mirror Stainless Steel Tube URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/stainless/mirror-stainless-steel-tube/ A mirror tube is bought for the reflection and pays for it in handling: it arrives in film, it is cut through the film, and it goes on the wall before the film comes off. For lobbies, boutiques and signage nothing else gives the same shine. ### What is Mirror stainless steel tube? Mirror tube is produced by taking a satin-polished tube through successively finer belts (400, 600) and finishing with cloth buffing wheels and polishing compound until the surface reflects an image without distortion — designated No. 8 in the US system, 2P in EN 10088-2, 8K in the Asian trade, Ra below 0.05 µm. The base tube is the same welded 304 or 316 ornamental tube as satin tube, with the weld ground flush before polishing; walls 1–1.5 mm are typical because a thicker wall does not improve the look and the polishing cost is per surface, not per kilo. Mirror is the finish of luxury interiors — hotel lobbies, boutiques, showrooms, lifts, restaurant and bar railings, display stands, signage and lettering supports, furniture legs and decorative screens — and the necessary base for PVD (physical vapour deposition) colouring, in which titanium-nitride and related coatings a few tenths of a micron thick turn the tube gold, rose-gold, champagne, bronze or black while keeping the mirror depth; PVD tube is ordered per colour and size in lots of 100 pieces and arrives in 2–4 weeks. The disadvantages are practical: every fingerprint, water spot and scratch shows, the finish cannot be renewed on site (only re-polished in the shop), and welds must be hidden or re-buffed by a specialist. We stock 304 mirror in round Ø 12–101.6 mm and square 12 × 12 to 80 × 80 mm, the handrail sizes in 316 mirror for coastal projects, and matching mirror elbows, end caps and flanges. ### Weight table — round mirror tube (kg/m and per 6 m) Mirror tube is normally 1–1.5 mm wall; heavier walls to order. | OD (mm) | Wall (mm) | kg/m | kg per 6 m | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 20 | 1 | 0.473 | 2.84 | | 20 | 1.2 | 0.562 | 3.37 | | 20 | 1.5 | 0.691 | 4.15 | | 20 | 2 | 0.897 | 5.38 | | 20 | 2.5 | 1.09 | 6.54 | | 20 | 3 | 1.271 | 7.63 | | 21.3 | 1 | 0.506 | 3.04 | | 21.3 | 1.2 | 0.601 | 3.61 | | 21.3 | 1.5 | 0.74 | 4.44 | | 21.3 | 2 | 0.962 | 5.77 | | 21.3 | 2.5 | 1.171 | 7.03 | | 21.3 | 3 | 1.368 | 8.21 | | 22 | 1 | 0.523 | 3.14 | | 22 | 1.2 | 0.622 | 3.73 | | 22 | 1.5 | 0.766 | 4.6 | | 22 | 2 | 0.997 | 5.98 | | 22 | 2.5 | 1.215 | 7.29 | | 22 | 3 | 1.42 | 8.52 | | 25 | 1 | 0.598 | 3.59 | | 25 | 1.2 | 0.712 | 4.27 | | 25 | 1.5 | 0.878 | 5.27 | | 25 | 2 | 1.146 | 6.88 | | 25 | 2.5 | 1.401 | 8.41 | | 25 | 3 | 1.644 | 9.86 | | 26.9 | 1 | 0.645 | 3.87 | | 26.9 | 1.2 | 0.768 | 4.61 | | 26.9 | 1.5 | 0.949 | 5.69 | | 26.9 | 2 | 1.241 | 7.45 | | 26.9 | 2.5 | 1.52 | 9.12 | | 26.9 | 3 | 1.786 | 10.72 | | 28 | 1 | 0.673 | 4.04 | | 28 | 1.2 | 0.801 | 4.81 | | 28 | 1.5 | 0.99 | 5.94 | | 28 | 2 | 1.295 | 7.77 | | 28 | 2.5 | 1.588 | 9.53 | | 28 | 3 | 1.868 | 11.21 | | 30 | 1 | 0.722 | 4.33 | | 30 | 1.2 | 0.861 | 5.17 | | 30 | 1.5 | 1.065 | 6.39 | | 30 | 2 | 1.395 | 8.37 | | 30 | 2.5 | 1.713 | 10.28 | | 30 | 3 | 2.018 | 12.11 | | 32 | 1 | 0.772 | 4.63 | | 32 | 1.2 | 0.921 | 5.53 | | 32 | 1.5 | 1.14 | 6.84 | | 32 | 2 | 1.495 | 8.97 | | 32 | 2.5 | 1.837 | 11.02 | | 32 | 3 | 2.167 | 13 | | 33.7 | 1 | 0.815 | 4.89 | | 33.7 | 1.2 | 0.972 | 5.83 | | 33.7 | 1.5 | 1.203 | 7.22 | | 33.7 | 2 | 1.579 | 9.47 | | 33.7 | 2.5 | 1.943 | 11.66 | | 33.7 | 3 | 2.294 | 13.76 | | 35 | 1 | 0.847 | 5.08 | | 35 | 1.2 | 1.01 | 6.06 | | 35 | 1.5 | 1.252 | 7.51 | | 35 | 2 | 1.644 | 9.86 | | 35 | 2.5 | 2.024 | 12.14 | | 35 | 3 | 2.392 | 14.35 | | 38 | 1 | 0.922 | 5.53 | | 38 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 6.6 | | 38 | 1.5 | 1.364 | 8.18 | | 38 | 2 | 1.794 | 10.76 | | 38 | 2.5 | 2.211 | 13.27 | | 38 | 3 | 2.616 | 15.7 | | 40 | 1 | 0.972 | 5.83 | | 40 | 1.2 | 1.16 | 6.96 | | 40 | 1.5 | 1.439 | 8.63 | | 40 | 2 | 1.893 | 11.36 | | 40 | 2.5 | 2.336 | 14.02 | | 40 | 3 | 2.765 | 16.59 | | 42.4 | 1 | 1.031 | 6.19 | | 42.4 | 1.2 | 1.232 | 7.39 | | 42.4 | 1.5 | 1.528 | 9.17 | | 42.4 | 2 | 2.013 | 12.08 | | 42.4 | 2.5 | 2.485 | 14.91 | | 42.4 | 3 | 2.945 | 17.67 | | 44.5 | 1 | 1.084 | 6.5 | | 44.5 | 1.2 | 1.294 | 7.76 | | 44.5 | 1.5 | 1.607 | 9.64 | | 44.5 | 2 | 2.118 | 12.71 | | 44.5 | 2.5 | 2.616 | 15.7 | | 44.5 | 3 | 3.102 | 18.61 | | 48.3 | 1 | 1.178 | 7.07 | | 48.3 | 1.2 | 1.408 | 8.45 | | 48.3 | 1.5 | 1.749 | 10.49 | | 48.3 | 2 | 2.307 | 13.84 | | 48.3 | 2.5 | 2.853 | 17.12 | | 48.3 | 3 | 3.386 | 20.32 | | 50 | 1 | 1.221 | 7.33 | | 50 | 1.2 | 1.459 | 8.75 | | 50 | 1.5 | 1.812 | 10.87 | | 50 | 2 | 2.392 | 14.35 | | 50 | 2.5 | 2.958 | 17.75 | | 50 | 3 | 3.513 | 21.08 | | 50.8 | 1 | 1.241 | 7.45 | | 50.8 | 1.2 | 1.483 | 8.9 | | 50.8 | 1.5 | 1.842 | 11.05 | | 50.8 | 2 | 2.431 | 14.59 | | 50.8 | 2.5 | 3.008 | 18.05 | | 50.8 | 3 | 3.572 | 21.43 | | 54 | 1 | 1.32 | 7.92 | | 54 | 1.2 | 1.578 | 9.47 | | 54 | 1.5 | 1.962 | 11.77 | | 54 | 2 | 2.591 | 15.55 | | 54 | 2.5 | 3.208 | 19.25 | | 54 | 3 | 3.812 | 22.87 | | 57 | 1 | 1.395 | 8.37 | | 57 | 1.2 | 1.668 | 10.01 | | 57 | 1.5 | 2.074 | 12.44 | | 57 | 2 | 2.74 | 16.44 | | 57 | 2.5 | 3.394 | 20.36 | | 57 | 3 | 4.036 | 24.22 | | 60.3 | 1 | 1.477 | 8.86 | | 60.3 | 1.2 | 1.767 | 10.6 | | 60.3 | 1.5 | 2.197 | 13.18 | | 60.3 | 2 | 2.905 | 17.43 | | 60.3 | 2.5 | 3.6 | 21.6 | | 60.3 | 3 | 4.283 | 25.7 | | 63.5 | 1 | 1.557 | 9.34 | | 63.5 | 1.2 | 1.862 | 11.17 | | 63.5 | 1.5 | 2.317 | 13.9 | | 63.5 | 2 | 3.064 | 18.38 | | 63.5 | 2.5 | 3.799 | 22.79 | | 63.5 | 3 | 4.522 | 27.13 | | 70 | 1 | 1.719 | 10.31 | | 70 | 1.2 | 2.057 | 12.34 | | 70 | 1.5 | 2.56 | 15.36 | | 70 | 2 | 3.388 | 20.33 | | 70 | 2.5 | 4.204 | 25.22 | | 70 | 3 | 5.007 | 30.04 | | 76.1 | 1 | 1.871 | 11.23 | | 76.1 | 1.2 | 2.239 | 13.43 | | 76.1 | 1.5 | 2.788 | 16.73 | | 76.1 | 2 | 3.692 | 22.15 | | 76.1 | 2.5 | 4.584 | 27.5 | | 76.1 | 3 | 5.463 | 32.78 | | 80 | 1 | 1.968 | 11.81 | | 80 | 1.2 | 2.356 | 14.14 | | 80 | 1.5 | 2.933 | 17.6 | | 80 | 2 | 3.886 | 23.32 | | 80 | 2.5 | 4.827 | 28.96 | | 80 | 3 | 5.755 | 34.53 | | 84 | 1 | 2.068 | 12.41 | | 84 | 1.2 | 2.475 | 14.85 | | 84 | 1.5 | 3.083 | 18.5 | | 84 | 2 | 4.086 | 24.52 | | 84 | 2.5 | 5.076 | 30.46 | | 84 | 3 | 6.054 | 36.32 | | 88.9 | 1 | 2.19 | 13.14 | | 88.9 | 1.2 | 2.622 | 15.73 | | 88.9 | 1.5 | 3.266 | 19.6 | | 88.9 | 2 | 4.33 | 25.98 | | 88.9 | 2.5 | 5.381 | 32.29 | | 88.9 | 3 | 6.42 | 38.52 | _Welded EN 10217-7 / ASTM A554 (ornamental) and A312 (pressure); density 7.93 kg/dm³; 6 m lengths._ ### Weight table — square mirror tube Stocked in 304 mirror up to 80 × 80 mm. | Size (mm) | Wall (mm) | kg/m | kg per 6 m | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 12 × 12 | 1 | 0.358 | 2.15 | | 15 × 10 | 1 | 0.37 | 2.22 | | 15 × 10 | 1.2 | 0.44 | 2.64 | | 15 × 10 | 1.5 | 0.54 | 3.24 | | 15 × 15 | 1 | 0.453 | 2.72 | | 15 × 15 | 1.2 | 0.538 | 3.23 | | 15 × 15 | 1.5 | 0.661 | 3.97 | | 16 × 16 | 1 | 0.485 | 2.91 | | 16 × 16 | 1.2 | 0.576 | 3.46 | | 16 × 16 | 1.5 | 0.709 | 4.25 | | 19 × 19 | 1 | 0.567 | 3.4 | | 19 × 19 | 1.2 | 0.675 | 4.05 | | 19 × 19 | 1.5 | 0.832 | 4.99 | | 19 × 19 | 2 | 1.09 | 6.54 | | 20 × 10 | 1 | 0.453 | 2.72 | | 20 × 10 | 1.2 | 0.538 | 3.23 | | 20 × 10 | 1.5 | 0.661 | 3.97 | | 20 × 15 | 1 | 0.533 | 3.2 | | 20 × 15 | 1.2 | 0.634 | 3.8 | | 20 × 15 | 1.5 | 0.781 | 4.69 | | 20 × 15 | 2 | 1.016 | 6.1 | | 20 × 20 | 1 | 0.613 | 3.68 | | 20 × 20 | 1.2 | 0.729 | 4.37 | | 20 × 20 | 1.5 | 0.901 | 5.41 | | 20 × 20 | 2 | 1.176 | 7.06 | | 22 × 22 | 1 | 0.677 | 4.06 | | 22 × 22 | 1.2 | 0.806 | 4.84 | | 22 × 22 | 1.5 | 0.996 | 5.98 | | 22 × 22 | 2 | 1.303 | 7.82 | | 25 × 10 | 1 | 0.533 | 3.2 | | 25 × 10 | 1.2 | 0.634 | 3.8 | | 25 × 10 | 1.5 | 0.781 | 4.69 | | 25 × 15 | 1 | 0.613 | 3.68 | | 25 × 15 | 1.2 | 0.729 | 4.37 | | 25 × 15 | 1.5 | 0.901 | 5.41 | | 25 × 15 | 2 | 1.176 | 7.06 | | 25 × 20 | 1 | 0.693 | 4.16 | | 25 × 20 | 1.2 | 0.825 | 4.95 | | 25 × 20 | 1.5 | 1.02 | 6.12 | | 25 × 20 | 2 | 1.335 | 8.01 | | 25 × 25 | 1 | 0.772 | 4.63 | | 25 × 25 | 1.2 | 0.921 | 5.53 | | 25 × 25 | 1.5 | 1.14 | 6.84 | | 25 × 25 | 2 | 1.495 | 8.97 | | 25 × 25 | 2.5 | 1.837 | 11.02 | | 25 × 25 | 3 | 2.167 | 13 | | 30 × 10 | 1 | 0.613 | 3.68 | | 30 × 10 | 1.2 | 0.729 | 4.37 | | 30 × 10 | 1.5 | 0.901 | 5.41 | | 30 × 10 | 2 | 1.176 | 7.06 | | 30 × 15 | 1 | 0.693 | 4.16 | | 30 × 15 | 1.2 | 0.825 | 4.95 | | 30 × 15 | 1.5 | 1.02 | 6.12 | | 30 × 15 | 2 | 1.335 | 8.01 | | 30 × 20 | 1 | 0.772 | 4.63 | | 30 × 20 | 1.2 | 0.921 | 5.53 | | 30 × 20 | 1.5 | 1.14 | 6.84 | | 30 × 20 | 2 | 1.495 | 8.97 | | 30 × 20 | 2.5 | 1.837 | 11.02 | | 30 × 20 | 3 | 2.167 | 13 | | 30 × 25 | 1 | 0.84 | 5.04 | | 30 × 25 | 1.2 | 1 | 6 | | 30 × 25 | 1.5 | 1.24 | 7.44 | | 30 × 25 | 2 | 1.63 | 9.78 | | 30 × 30 | 1 | 0.932 | 5.59 | | 30 × 30 | 1.2 | 1.112 | 6.67 | | 30 × 30 | 1.5 | 1.379 | 8.27 | | 30 × 30 | 2 | 1.814 | 10.88 | | 30 × 30 | 2.5 | 2.236 | 13.42 | | 30 × 30 | 3 | 2.645 | 15.87 | | 32 × 32 | 1 | 0.96 | 5.76 | | 32 × 32 | 1.2 | 1.15 | 6.9 | | 32 × 32 | 1.5 | 1.42 | 8.52 | | 32 × 32 | 2 | 1.87 | 11.22 | | 32 × 32 | 2.5 | 2.31 | 13.86 | | 32 × 32 | 3 | 2.74 | 16.44 | | 35 × 15 | 1 | 0.76 | 4.56 | | 35 × 15 | 1.2 | 0.91 | 5.46 | | 35 × 15 | 1.5 | 1.13 | 6.78 | | 35 × 15 | 2 | 1.48 | 8.88 | | 35 × 20 | 1 | 0.852 | 5.11 | | 35 × 20 | 1.2 | 1.017 | 6.1 | | 35 × 20 | 1.5 | 1.259 | 7.55 | | 35 × 20 | 2 | 1.654 | 9.92 | | 35 × 20 | 2.5 | 2.036 | 12.22 | | 35 × 20 | 3 | 2.406 | 14.44 | | 35 × 35 | 1 | 1.091 | 6.55 | | 35 × 35 | 1.2 | 1.304 | 7.82 | | 35 × 35 | 1.5 | 1.618 | 9.71 | | 35 × 35 | 2 | 2.133 | 12.8 | | 35 × 35 | 2.5 | 2.635 | 15.81 | | 35 × 35 | 3 | 3.124 | 18.74 | | 40 × 10 | 1 | 0.76 | 4.56 | | 40 × 10 | 1.2 | 0.91 | 5.46 | | 40 × 10 | 1.5 | 1.13 | 6.78 | | 40 × 10 | 2 | 1.48 | 8.88 | | 40 × 15 | 1 | 0.852 | 5.11 | | 40 × 15 | 1.2 | 1.017 | 6.1 | | 40 × 15 | 1.5 | 1.259 | 7.55 | | 40 × 15 | 2 | 1.654 | 9.92 | | 40 × 15 | 2.5 | 2.036 | 12.22 | | 40 × 15 | 3 | 2.406 | 14.44 | | 40 × 20 | 1 | 0.932 | 5.59 | | 40 × 20 | 1.2 | 1.112 | 6.67 | | 40 × 20 | 1.5 | 1.379 | 8.27 | | 40 × 20 | 2 | 1.814 | 10.88 | | 40 × 20 | 2.5 | 2.236 | 13.42 | | 40 × 20 | 3 | 2.645 | 15.87 | | 40 × 30 | 1 | 1.091 | 6.55 | | 40 × 30 | 1.2 | 1.304 | 7.82 | | 40 × 30 | 1.5 | 1.618 | 9.71 | | 40 × 30 | 2 | 2.133 | 12.8 | | 40 × 30 | 2.5 | 2.635 | 15.81 | | 40 × 30 | 3 | 3.124 | 18.74 | | 40 × 40 | 1 | 1.251 | 7.51 | | 40 × 40 | 1.2 | 1.495 | 8.97 | | 40 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.858 | 11.15 | | 40 × 40 | 2 | 2.452 | 14.71 | | 40 × 40 | 2.5 | 3.033 | 18.2 | | 40 × 40 | 3 | 3.602 | 21.61 | | 40 × 40 | 4 | 4.703 | 28.22 | | 45 × 15 | 1 | 0.91 | 5.46 | | 45 × 15 | 1.2 | 1.09 | 6.54 | | 45 × 15 | 1.5 | 1.35 | 8.1 | | 45 × 15 | 2 | 1.78 | 10.68 | | 45 × 20 | 1 | 0.99 | 5.94 | | 45 × 20 | 1.2 | 1.18 | 7.08 | | 45 × 20 | 1.5 | 1.46 | 8.76 | | 45 × 20 | 2 | 1.92 | 11.52 | | 45 × 45 | 1 | 1.41 | 8.46 | | 45 × 45 | 1.2 | 1.686 | 10.12 | | 45 × 45 | 1.5 | 2.097 | 12.58 | | 45 × 45 | 2 | 2.771 | 16.63 | | 45 × 45 | 2.5 | 3.432 | 20.59 | | 45 × 45 | 3 | 4.081 | 24.49 | | 50 × 10 | 1 | 0.91 | 5.46 | | 50 × 10 | 1.2 | 1.09 | 6.54 | | 50 × 10 | 1.5 | 1.35 | 8.1 | | 50 × 10 | 2 | 1.78 | 10.68 | | 50 × 20 | 1 | 1.091 | 6.55 | | 50 × 20 | 1.2 | 1.304 | 7.82 | | 50 × 20 | 1.5 | 1.618 | 9.71 | | 50 × 20 | 2 | 2.133 | 12.8 | | 50 × 20 | 2.5 | 2.635 | 15.81 | | 50 × 20 | 3 | 3.124 | 18.74 | | 50 × 25 | 1 | 1.171 | 7.03 | | 50 × 25 | 1.2 | 1.399 | 8.39 | | 50 × 25 | 1.5 | 1.738 | 10.43 | | 50 × 25 | 2 | 2.292 | 13.75 | | 50 × 25 | 2.5 | 2.834 | 17 | | 50 × 25 | 3 | 3.363 | 20.18 | | 50 × 30 | 1 | 1.251 | 7.51 | | 50 × 30 | 1.2 | 1.495 | 8.97 | | 50 × 30 | 1.5 | 1.858 | 11.15 | | 50 × 30 | 2 | 2.452 | 14.71 | | 50 × 30 | 2.5 | 3.033 | 18.2 | | 50 × 30 | 3 | 3.602 | 21.61 | | 50 × 40 | 1 | 1.41 | 8.46 | | 50 × 40 | 1.2 | 1.686 | 10.12 | | 50 × 40 | 1.5 | 2.097 | 12.58 | | 50 × 40 | 2 | 2.771 | 16.63 | | 50 × 40 | 2.5 | 3.432 | 20.59 | | 50 × 40 | 3 | 4.081 | 24.49 | | 50 × 50 | 1.2 | 1.878 | 11.27 | | 50 × 50 | 1.5 | 2.336 | 14.02 | | 50 × 50 | 2 | 3.09 | 18.54 | | 50 × 50 | 2.5 | 3.831 | 22.99 | | 50 × 50 | 3 | 4.559 | 27.35 | | 50 × 50 | 4 | 5.979 | 35.87 | | 50 × 50 | 5 | 7.349 | 44.09 | | 60 × 20 | 1 | 1.251 | 7.51 | | 60 × 20 | 1.2 | 1.495 | 8.97 | | 60 × 20 | 1.5 | 1.858 | 11.15 | | 60 × 20 | 2 | 2.452 | 14.71 | | 60 × 20 | 2.5 | 3.033 | 18.2 | | 60 × 20 | 3 | 3.602 | 21.61 | | 60 × 30 | 1 | 1.41 | 8.46 | | 60 × 30 | 1.2 | 1.686 | 10.12 | | 60 × 30 | 1.5 | 2.097 | 12.58 | | 60 × 30 | 2 | 2.771 | 16.63 | | 60 × 30 | 2.5 | 3.432 | 20.59 | | 60 × 30 | 3 | 4.081 | 24.49 | | 60 × 40 | 1.2 | 1.878 | 11.27 | | 60 × 40 | 1.5 | 2.336 | 14.02 | | 60 × 40 | 2 | 3.09 | 18.54 | | 60 × 40 | 2.5 | 3.831 | 22.99 | | 60 × 40 | 3 | 4.559 | 27.35 | | 60 × 40 | 4 | 5.979 | 35.87 | | 60 × 60 | 1.5 | 2.814 | 16.88 | | 60 × 60 | 2 | 3.728 | 22.37 | | 60 × 60 | 2.5 | 4.628 | 27.77 | | 60 × 60 | 3 | 5.516 | 33.1 | | 60 × 60 | 4 | 7.255 | 43.53 | | 60 × 60 | 5 | 8.943 | 53.66 | | 70 × 20 | 1.2 | 1.65 | 9.9 | | 70 × 20 | 1.5 | 2.05 | 12.3 | | 70 × 20 | 2 | 2.71 | 16.26 | | 70 × 20 | 2.5 | 3.36 | 20.16 | | 70 × 20 | 3 | 4 | 24 | | 70 × 30 | 1.5 | 2.29 | 13.74 | | 70 × 30 | 2 | 3.03 | 18.18 | | 70 × 30 | 2.5 | 3.76 | 22.56 | | 70 × 30 | 3 | 4.48 | 26.88 | | 70 × 40 | 1.5 | 2.575 | 15.45 | | 70 × 40 | 2 | 3.409 | 20.45 | | 70 × 40 | 2.5 | 4.229 | 25.37 | | 70 × 40 | 3 | 5.038 | 30.23 | | 70 × 70 | 1.5 | 3.293 | 19.76 | | 70 × 70 | 2 | 4.366 | 26.2 | | 70 × 70 | 2.5 | 5.426 | 32.56 | | 70 × 70 | 3 | 6.473 | 38.84 | | 70 × 70 | 4 | 8.531 | 51.19 | | 70 × 70 | 5 | 10.538 | 63.23 | | 80 × 20 | 1.5 | 2.29 | 13.74 | | 80 × 20 | 2 | 3.03 | 18.18 | | 80 × 20 | 2.5 | 3.76 | 22.56 | | 80 × 20 | 3 | 4.48 | 26.88 | | 80 × 30 | 1.5 | 2.53 | 15.18 | | 80 × 30 | 2 | 3.35 | 20.1 | | 80 × 30 | 2.5 | 4.16 | 24.96 | | 80 × 30 | 3 | 4.96 | 29.76 | | 80 × 40 | 1.5 | 2.814 | 16.88 | | 80 × 40 | 2 | 3.728 | 22.37 | | 80 × 40 | 2.5 | 4.628 | 27.77 | | 80 × 40 | 3 | 5.516 | 33.1 | | 80 × 40 | 4 | 7.255 | 43.53 | | 80 × 40 | 5 | 8.943 | 53.66 | | 80 × 40 | 6 | 10.582 | 63.49 | | 80 × 50 | 1.5 | 3.01 | 18.06 | | 80 × 50 | 2 | 4 | 24 | | 80 × 50 | 2.5 | 4.96 | 29.76 | | 80 × 50 | 3 | 5.92 | 35.52 | | 80 × 50 | 4 | 7.79 | 46.74 | | 80 × 50 | 5 | 9.62 | 57.72 | | 80 × 50 | 6 | 11.39 | 68.34 | | 80 × 60 | 1.5 | 3.293 | 19.76 | | 80 × 60 | 2 | 4.366 | 26.2 | | 80 × 60 | 2.5 | 5.426 | 32.56 | | 80 × 60 | 3 | 6.473 | 38.84 | | 80 × 60 | 4 | 8.531 | 51.19 | | 80 × 60 | 5 | 10.538 | 63.23 | | 80 × 60 | 6 | 12.496 | 74.98 | | 80 × 80 | 1.5 | 3.771 | 22.63 | | 80 × 80 | 2 | 5.004 | 30.02 | | 80 × 80 | 2.5 | 6.223 | 37.34 | | 80 × 80 | 3 | 7.43 | 44.58 | | 80 × 80 | 4 | 9.807 | 58.84 | | 80 × 80 | 5 | 12.133 | 72.8 | | 80 × 80 | 6 | 14.41 | 86.46 | | 100 × 20 | 1.5 | 2.76 | 16.56 | | 100 × 20 | 2 | 3.65 | 21.9 | | 100 × 20 | 2.5 | 4.54 | 27.24 | | 100 × 20 | 3 | 5.41 | 32.46 | | 100 × 30 | 1.5 | 3.01 | 18.06 | | 100 × 30 | 2 | 4 | 24 | | 100 × 30 | 2.5 | 4.96 | 29.76 | | 100 × 30 | 3 | 5.92 | 35.52 | | 100 × 40 | 1.5 | 3.293 | 19.76 | | 100 × 40 | 2 | 4.366 | 26.2 | | 100 × 40 | 2.5 | 5.426 | 32.56 | | 100 × 40 | 3 | 6.473 | 38.84 | | 100 × 40 | 4 | 8.531 | 51.19 | | 100 × 40 | 5 | 10.538 | 63.23 | | 100 × 40 | 6 | 12.496 | 74.98 | | 100 × 50 | 1.5 | 3.532 | 21.19 | | 100 × 50 | 2 | 4.685 | 28.11 | | 100 × 50 | 2.5 | 5.824 | 34.94 | | 100 × 50 | 3 | 6.952 | 41.71 | | 100 × 50 | 4 | 9.169 | 55.01 | | 100 × 50 | 5 | 11.336 | 68.02 | | 100 × 50 | 6 | 13.453 | 80.72 | | 100 × 60 | 1.5 | 3.771 | 22.63 | | 100 × 60 | 2 | 5.004 | 30.02 | | 100 × 60 | 2.5 | 6.223 | 37.34 | | 100 × 60 | 3 | 7.43 | 44.58 | | 100 × 60 | 4 | 9.807 | 58.84 | | 100 × 60 | 5 | 12.133 | 72.8 | | 100 × 60 | 6 | 14.41 | 86.46 | | 100 × 80 | 1.5 | 4.25 | 25.5 | | 100 × 80 | 2 | 5.641 | 33.85 | | 100 × 80 | 2.5 | 7.021 | 42.13 | | 100 × 80 | 3 | 8.387 | 50.32 | | 100 × 80 | 4 | 11.083 | 66.5 | | 100 × 80 | 5 | 13.728 | 82.37 | | 100 × 80 | 6 | 16.324 | 97.94 | | 100 × 100 | 1.5 | 4.728 | 28.37 | | 100 × 100 | 2 | 6.279 | 37.67 | | 100 × 100 | 2.5 | 7.818 | 46.91 | | 100 × 100 | 3 | 9.344 | 56.06 | | 100 × 100 | 4 | 12.359 | 74.15 | | 100 × 100 | 5 | 15.323 | 91.94 | | 100 × 100 | 6 | 18.237 | 109.42 | | 120 × 40 | 1.5 | 3.771 | 22.63 | | 120 × 40 | 2 | 5.004 | 30.02 | | 120 × 40 | 2.5 | 6.223 | 37.34 | | 120 × 40 | 3 | 7.43 | 44.58 | | 120 × 40 | 4 | 9.807 | 58.84 | | 120 × 40 | 5 | 12.133 | 72.8 | | 120 × 40 | 6 | 14.41 | 86.46 | | 120 × 60 | 1.5 | 4.25 | 25.5 | | 120 × 60 | 2 | 5.641 | 33.85 | | 120 × 60 | 2.5 | 7.021 | 42.13 | | 120 × 60 | 3 | 8.387 | 50.32 | | 120 × 60 | 4 | 11.083 | 66.5 | | 120 × 60 | 5 | 13.728 | 82.37 | | 120 × 60 | 6 | 16.324 | 97.94 | | 120 × 80 | 1.5 | 4.728 | 28.37 | | 120 × 80 | 2 | 6.279 | 37.67 | | 120 × 80 | 2.5 | 7.818 | 46.91 | | 120 × 80 | 3 | 9.344 | 56.06 | | 120 × 80 | 4 | 12.359 | 74.15 | | 120 × 80 | 5 | 15.323 | 91.94 | | 120 × 80 | 6 | 18.237 | 109.42 | | 120 × 120 | 2 | 7.555 | 45.33 | | 120 × 120 | 2.5 | 9.413 | 56.48 | | 120 × 120 | 3 | 11.258 | 67.55 | | 120 × 120 | 4 | 14.91 | 89.46 | | 120 × 120 | 5 | 18.513 | 111.08 | | 120 × 120 | 6 | 22.065 | 132.39 | | 140 × 80 | 3 | 10.301 | 61.81 | | 140 × 80 | 4 | 13.635 | 81.81 | | 140 × 80 | 5 | 16.918 | 101.51 | | 140 × 80 | 6 | 20.151 | 120.91 | | 140 × 140 | 2 | 8.831 | 52.99 | | 140 × 140 | 2.5 | 11.008 | 66.05 | | 140 × 140 | 3 | 13.172 | 79.03 | | 140 × 140 | 4 | 17.462 | 104.77 | | 140 × 140 | 5 | 21.703 | 130.22 | | 140 × 140 | 6 | 25.893 | 155.36 | | 150 × 50 | 3 | 9.344 | 56.06 | | 150 × 50 | 4 | 12.359 | 74.15 | | 150 × 50 | 5 | 15.323 | 91.94 | | 150 × 50 | 6 | 18.237 | 109.42 | | 150 × 100 | 3 | 11.736 | 70.42 | | 150 × 100 | 4 | 15.548 | 93.29 | | 150 × 100 | 5 | 19.31 | 115.86 | | 150 × 100 | 6 | 23.022 | 138.13 | | 150 × 150 | 2 | 9.469 | 56.81 | | 150 × 150 | 2.5 | 11.805 | 70.83 | | 150 × 150 | 3 | 14.129 | 84.77 | | 150 × 150 | 4 | 18.738 | 112.43 | | 150 × 150 | 5 | 23.298 | 139.79 | | 150 × 150 | 6 | 27.807 | 166.84 | | 160 × 80 | 3 | 11.258 | 67.55 | | 160 × 80 | 4 | 14.91 | 89.46 | | 160 × 80 | 5 | 18.513 | 111.08 | | 160 × 80 | 6 | 22.065 | 132.39 | | 200 × 100 | 3 | 14.129 | 84.77 | | 200 × 100 | 4 | 18.738 | 112.43 | | 200 × 100 | 5 | 23.298 | 139.79 | | 200 × 100 | 6 | 27.807 | 166.84 | | 200 × 200 | 2 | 12.659 | 75.95 | | 200 × 200 | 2.5 | 15.793 | 94.76 | | 200 × 200 | 3 | 18.913 | 113.48 | | 200 × 200 | 4 | 25.118 | 150.71 | | 200 × 200 | 5 | 31.272 | 187.63 | | 200 × 200 | 6 | 37.376 | 224.26 | _EN 10219 / ASTM A554; mill, 180/240 grit satin or mirror finish._ ### Grades, standards and tolerances | Grade / standard | Yield (MPa) | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | 1.4301 / 304 mirror | ≥ 210 | interiors — the stock grade | | 1.4401 / 316 mirror | ≥ 220 | coastal, spa, exterior signage | | 1.4016 / 430 mirror | ≥ 260 | dry indoor decoration, cheaper, to order | | PVD-coated 304 / 316 | as base | gold, rose-gold, champagne, bronze, black | _PVD coatings are 0.3–0.5 µm ceramic layers (TiN, ZrN, TiCN) — colour-fast indoors for decades, scratch-resistant, not suitable for abrasive cleaning._ ### Finish and colour options | Finish | Designation | Ra (µm) | Look | Use | Lead time | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Mirror | No. 8 / 2P / 8K | ≤ 0.05 | true reflection | lobbies, retail, lifts, signage | stock | | Super mirror | No. 8+ / 12K | ≤ 0.03 | distortion-free | art, luxury retail | 3–4 weeks | | PVD gold | TiN on mirror | ≤ 0.05 | bright gold | hotels, boutiques, mosques | 2–4 weeks | | PVD rose gold / champagne | ZrN / TiCN | ≤ 0.05 | warm metallic | residential, hospitality | 2–4 weeks | | PVD black / bronze | TiCN / TiAlN | ≤ 0.05 | dark mirror | contemporary interiors | 2–4 weeks | | PVD on satin | TiN on No. 4 | 0.3–0.5 | brushed gold / black | railings, furniture | 2–4 weeks | _PVD colour matches within a batch; order all pieces of one project together. Not for chlorinated or abrasive cleaning._ ### Lengths and stock 304 mirror round Ø 12–101.6 mm × 1–1.5 mm and square 12 × 12 to 80 × 80 × 1–1.5 mm in 6 m from stock; 316 mirror in Ø 38.1–50.8 and 40 × 40; PVD colours and super-mirror to order in 2–4 weeks. Matching mirror fittings (elbows, end caps, flanges, glass clamps) from stock. ### Handling, cutting and joining Cut with a fine-tooth cold saw or tube laser through the film; deburr inward. Bending is possible on mandrel benders but marks the mirror — bend before polishing where you can, or design with fittings. Joints are best made with internal sleeves, adhesives or hidden mechanical fixings; where welding is unavoidable, TIG with purge, then grind, sand through 400–600 and re-buff — a specialist job. Keep the film on until final clean-up; clean with microfibre and glass cleaner only, never abrasives; wear gloves. ### Where it is used - Hotel, restaurant and retail interiors — railings, screens, trims - Lift cars, doors and reveals - Signage, lettering supports and display stands - Furniture legs, frames and decorative panels - PVD gold and black tube for luxury and hospitality projects - Mosque, palace and ceremonial-hall decoration ### Mirror vs satin — the practical choice Satin tube is the default for anything touched daily — it hides marks and can be repaired; mirror is chosen for effect and protected accordingly. Both are the same 304/316 tube underneath, and the same square tube and round pipe sizes apply. ### Price Mirror tube carries a polishing premium of about 15–20 % over satin and PVD colours roughly double the tube price; 316 adds 40 %. The bands below are the month\'s indicative FOB Istanbul ranges for 304 mirror and for 316 / PVD tube. Fittings per piece. - Mirror 304 round / square · 12–76 mm: USD 3900–4300 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - Mirror 316 / PVD colour: USD 5050–5450 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Mirror tube is double-wrapped in PE film with foam separators and packed only in wooden crates (never loose bundles), 200–500 kg per crate, labelled fragile-finish; a 20' takes 10–12 t crated, a 40' HC 16–18 t. PVD tube is crated per colour. HS 7306.40 / 7306.61. - Moq: 300 kg; PVD 100 pcs per colour and size - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock 3–5 working days; 316 and PVD colours 2–4 weeks - Packing: Double PE film per tube, foam separators, wooden crates - Container: 20' ≈ 10–12 t (crated); 40' HC ≈ 16–18 t - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1, certificate of origin; 3.2 and PED on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight above 100 t ### Certificates Mirror and PVD tube ship with the strip mill's EN 10204 3.1 certificate, the tube mill's size and finish record and, for PVD, the coating batch reference and colour sample; a polished sample piece is sent before production for large projects. ### How to order Specify grade, shape and size, wall, finish (mirror / super-mirror / PVD colour), length, quantity, matching fittings and delivery; PVD orders need all sizes of a project listed together for one coating batch. ### FAQ **What is mirror finish on stainless tube?** A buffed, reflective No. 8 / 2P / 8K surface with Ra below 0.05 µm — the tube reflects an image without distortion; used for decorative interiors, signage and as the base for PVD colours. **Can mirror tube be used outdoors?** In 316 yes, for signage and coastal decoration; it needs regular cleaning because every mark shows, and PVD colours should be kept from chlorinated cleaners. **What is PVD gold stainless tube?** Mirror (or satin) stainless tube coated by physical vapour deposition with a 0.3–0.5 µm titanium-nitride ceramic layer that gives a colour-fast gold, rose-gold, bronze or black finish. **Can a scratched mirror tube be repaired on site?** No — mirror finishes are re-polished in the workshop; protect the tube with its film until the site is finished. **What sizes of mirror tube are in stock?** 304 mirror round Ø 12–101.6 mm and square 12–80 mm in 1–1.5 mm, 6 m; 316 mirror in handrail sizes; PVD colours to order in 2–4 weeks. ## Food Grade Stainless Tube URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/stainless/food-grade-stainless-steel-tube/ Milk, juice, beer, sauces, syrups — everything that flows in a food plant flows through this tube, and everything that can be cleaned in place has to be smooth inside. It is the tube our food and beverage customers in Turkey, the Gulf and Africa buy with the clamps and elbows in the same order. ### What is Food grade stainless steel tube? Food-grade — sanitary, hygienic, dairy — tube differs from ordinary 2B stainless tube in what happens inside it. It is welded from 304L or 316L strip with a controlled TIG or laser seam, the internal bead is rolled or ground flush, and the bore is polished (mechanically to Ra ≤ 0.8 µm, the DIN 11850 / ISO 2037 / A270 standard, or to Ra ≤ 0.5 µm and electropolished for pharmaceutical and biotech lines under ASME BPE), then bright-annealed in a hydrogen atmosphere or pickled and passivated so that no oxide or crevice remains. The outside is satin or bright, the ends are cut square and deburred, capped and sleeved so nothing enters before installation. Dimensions follow the DN series of DIN 11850 (Ø 13–104 mm × 1–2 mm: DN 25 = Ø 29 × 1.5, DN 50 = Ø 53 × 1.5, DN 100 = Ø 104 × 2), ISO 2037 / 1127 (Ø 12–101.6 × 1.6) or the inch OD of ASTM A270 (½"–4"), and the fittings — bends, tees, reducers, clamp ferrules (Tri-Clamp / ISO / DIN), DIN 11851 unions, SMS unions — are made to the same standard so that the bore is continuous. Grade 304L covers dairy, beverage, juice, beer, edible oil and most food; 316L is required for salty, acidic or hot-CIP products (tomato, pickles, soy sauce, wine, pharma, cosmetics). All material is certified for food contact (EC 1935/2004 / FDA) and carries EN 10204 3.1 with the surface-roughness measurement. We stock DN 10–100 in 304L with the common fittings and clamps, and supply 316L, electropolished and inch-series tube in 2–3 weeks. ### Weight table — round tube by OD and wall (kg/m and per 6 m) Sanitary sizes: DN 10 = 13 × 1.5, DN 15 = 19 × 1.5, DN 20 = 23 × 1.5, DN 25 = 29 × 1.5, DN 32 = 35 × 1.5, DN 40 = 41 × 1.5, DN 50 = 53 × 1.5, DN 65 = 70 × 2, DN 80 = 85 × 2, DN 100 = 104 × 2 (DIN 11850 series 2). | OD (mm) | Wall (mm) | kg/m | kg per 6 m | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 20 | 1 | 0.473 | 2.84 | | 20 | 1.2 | 0.562 | 3.37 | | 20 | 1.5 | 0.691 | 4.15 | | 20 | 2 | 0.897 | 5.38 | | 20 | 2.5 | 1.09 | 6.54 | | 20 | 3 | 1.271 | 7.63 | | 21.3 | 1 | 0.506 | 3.04 | | 21.3 | 1.2 | 0.601 | 3.61 | | 21.3 | 1.5 | 0.74 | 4.44 | | 21.3 | 2 | 0.962 | 5.77 | | 21.3 | 2.5 | 1.171 | 7.03 | | 21.3 | 3 | 1.368 | 8.21 | | 22 | 1 | 0.523 | 3.14 | | 22 | 1.2 | 0.622 | 3.73 | | 22 | 1.5 | 0.766 | 4.6 | | 22 | 2 | 0.997 | 5.98 | | 22 | 2.5 | 1.215 | 7.29 | | 22 | 3 | 1.42 | 8.52 | | 25 | 1 | 0.598 | 3.59 | | 25 | 1.2 | 0.712 | 4.27 | | 25 | 1.5 | 0.878 | 5.27 | | 25 | 2 | 1.146 | 6.88 | | 25 | 2.5 | 1.401 | 8.41 | | 25 | 3 | 1.644 | 9.86 | | 26.9 | 1 | 0.645 | 3.87 | | 26.9 | 1.2 | 0.768 | 4.61 | | 26.9 | 1.5 | 0.949 | 5.69 | | 26.9 | 2 | 1.241 | 7.45 | | 26.9 | 2.5 | 1.52 | 9.12 | | 26.9 | 3 | 1.786 | 10.72 | | 28 | 1 | 0.673 | 4.04 | | 28 | 1.2 | 0.801 | 4.81 | | 28 | 1.5 | 0.99 | 5.94 | | 28 | 2 | 1.295 | 7.77 | | 28 | 2.5 | 1.588 | 9.53 | | 28 | 3 | 1.868 | 11.21 | | 30 | 1 | 0.722 | 4.33 | | 30 | 1.2 | 0.861 | 5.17 | | 30 | 1.5 | 1.065 | 6.39 | | 30 | 2 | 1.395 | 8.37 | | 30 | 2.5 | 1.713 | 10.28 | | 30 | 3 | 2.018 | 12.11 | | 32 | 1 | 0.772 | 4.63 | | 32 | 1.2 | 0.921 | 5.53 | | 32 | 1.5 | 1.14 | 6.84 | | 32 | 2 | 1.495 | 8.97 | | 32 | 2.5 | 1.837 | 11.02 | | 32 | 3 | 2.167 | 13 | | 33.7 | 1 | 0.815 | 4.89 | | 33.7 | 1.2 | 0.972 | 5.83 | | 33.7 | 1.5 | 1.203 | 7.22 | | 33.7 | 2 | 1.579 | 9.47 | | 33.7 | 2.5 | 1.943 | 11.66 | | 33.7 | 3 | 2.294 | 13.76 | | 35 | 1 | 0.847 | 5.08 | | 35 | 1.2 | 1.01 | 6.06 | | 35 | 1.5 | 1.252 | 7.51 | | 35 | 2 | 1.644 | 9.86 | | 35 | 2.5 | 2.024 | 12.14 | | 35 | 3 | 2.392 | 14.35 | | 38 | 1 | 0.922 | 5.53 | | 38 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 6.6 | | 38 | 1.5 | 1.364 | 8.18 | | 38 | 2 | 1.794 | 10.76 | | 38 | 2.5 | 2.211 | 13.27 | | 38 | 3 | 2.616 | 15.7 | | 40 | 1 | 0.972 | 5.83 | | 40 | 1.2 | 1.16 | 6.96 | | 40 | 1.5 | 1.439 | 8.63 | | 40 | 2 | 1.893 | 11.36 | | 40 | 2.5 | 2.336 | 14.02 | | 40 | 3 | 2.765 | 16.59 | | 42.4 | 1 | 1.031 | 6.19 | | 42.4 | 1.2 | 1.232 | 7.39 | | 42.4 | 1.5 | 1.528 | 9.17 | | 42.4 | 2 | 2.013 | 12.08 | | 42.4 | 2.5 | 2.485 | 14.91 | | 42.4 | 3 | 2.945 | 17.67 | | 44.5 | 1 | 1.084 | 6.5 | | 44.5 | 1.2 | 1.294 | 7.76 | | 44.5 | 1.5 | 1.607 | 9.64 | | 44.5 | 2 | 2.118 | 12.71 | | 44.5 | 2.5 | 2.616 | 15.7 | | 44.5 | 3 | 3.102 | 18.61 | | 48.3 | 1 | 1.178 | 7.07 | | 48.3 | 1.2 | 1.408 | 8.45 | | 48.3 | 1.5 | 1.749 | 10.49 | | 48.3 | 2 | 2.307 | 13.84 | | 48.3 | 2.5 | 2.853 | 17.12 | | 48.3 | 3 | 3.386 | 20.32 | | 50 | 1 | 1.221 | 7.33 | | 50 | 1.2 | 1.459 | 8.75 | | 50 | 1.5 | 1.812 | 10.87 | | 50 | 2 | 2.392 | 14.35 | | 50 | 2.5 | 2.958 | 17.75 | | 50 | 3 | 3.513 | 21.08 | | 50.8 | 1 | 1.241 | 7.45 | | 50.8 | 1.2 | 1.483 | 8.9 | | 50.8 | 1.5 | 1.842 | 11.05 | | 50.8 | 2 | 2.431 | 14.59 | | 50.8 | 2.5 | 3.008 | 18.05 | | 50.8 | 3 | 3.572 | 21.43 | | 54 | 1 | 1.32 | 7.92 | | 54 | 1.2 | 1.578 | 9.47 | | 54 | 1.5 | 1.962 | 11.77 | | 54 | 2 | 2.591 | 15.55 | | 54 | 2.5 | 3.208 | 19.25 | | 54 | 3 | 3.812 | 22.87 | | 57 | 1 | 1.395 | 8.37 | | 57 | 1.2 | 1.668 | 10.01 | | 57 | 1.5 | 2.074 | 12.44 | | 57 | 2 | 2.74 | 16.44 | | 57 | 2.5 | 3.394 | 20.36 | | 57 | 3 | 4.036 | 24.22 | | 60.3 | 1 | 1.477 | 8.86 | | 60.3 | 1.2 | 1.767 | 10.6 | | 60.3 | 1.5 | 2.197 | 13.18 | | 60.3 | 2 | 2.905 | 17.43 | | 60.3 | 2.5 | 3.6 | 21.6 | | 60.3 | 3 | 4.283 | 25.7 | | 63.5 | 1 | 1.557 | 9.34 | | 63.5 | 1.2 | 1.862 | 11.17 | | 63.5 | 1.5 | 2.317 | 13.9 | | 63.5 | 2 | 3.064 | 18.38 | | 63.5 | 2.5 | 3.799 | 22.79 | | 63.5 | 3 | 4.522 | 27.13 | | 70 | 1 | 1.719 | 10.31 | | 70 | 1.2 | 2.057 | 12.34 | | 70 | 1.5 | 2.56 | 15.36 | | 70 | 2 | 3.388 | 20.33 | | 70 | 2.5 | 4.204 | 25.22 | | 70 | 3 | 5.007 | 30.04 | | 76.1 | 1 | 1.871 | 11.23 | | 76.1 | 1.2 | 2.239 | 13.43 | | 76.1 | 1.5 | 2.788 | 16.73 | | 76.1 | 2 | 3.692 | 22.15 | | 76.1 | 2.5 | 4.584 | 27.5 | | 76.1 | 3 | 5.463 | 32.78 | | 80 | 1 | 1.968 | 11.81 | | 80 | 1.2 | 2.356 | 14.14 | | 80 | 1.5 | 2.933 | 17.6 | | 80 | 2 | 3.886 | 23.32 | | 80 | 2.5 | 4.827 | 28.96 | | 80 | 3 | 5.755 | 34.53 | | 84 | 1 | 2.068 | 12.41 | | 84 | 1.2 | 2.475 | 14.85 | | 84 | 1.5 | 3.083 | 18.5 | | 84 | 2 | 4.086 | 24.52 | | 84 | 2.5 | 5.076 | 30.46 | | 84 | 3 | 6.054 | 36.32 | | 88.9 | 1 | 2.19 | 13.14 | | 88.9 | 1.2 | 2.622 | 15.73 | | 88.9 | 1.5 | 3.266 | 19.6 | | 88.9 | 2 | 4.33 | 25.98 | | 88.9 | 2.5 | 5.381 | 32.29 | | 88.9 | 3 | 6.42 | 38.52 | _Welded EN 10217-7 / ASTM A554 (ornamental) and A312 (pressure); density 7.93 kg/dm³; 6 m lengths._ ### Grades, standards and tolerances | Grade / standard | Yield (MPa) | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | 1.4307 / 304L (DIN 11850) | ≥ 200 | dairy, beverage, beer, juice, oils — stock | | 1.4404 / 316L | ≥ 200 | acidic, salty, hot CIP, pharma, cosmetics | | 1.4435 / 316L high-Ni | ≥ 200 | ASME BPE pharma, electropolished | | 1.4301 / 304 | ≥ 210 | non-product-contact frames and covers | _Surface classes: Ra ≤ 0.8 µm (standard sanitary), ≤ 0.5 µm (high hygiene), ≤ 0.4 µm electropolished (pharma / WFI). All grades food-contact certified._ ### Sanitary tube standards and sizes | Standard | Sizing | Example DN 50 / 2" | Wall | Fittings | Region | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | DIN 11850 (series 2) | DN, metric OD | DN 50 = Ø 53 × 1.5 | 1.5 / 2 mm | DIN 11851 unions, DIN 32676 clamps | Europe, Turkey, Middle East | | ISO 2037 / 1127 | metric OD | Ø 50.8 × 1.6 | 1.2–2 mm | ISO clamps, SMS unions | Scandinavia, Asia | | ASTM A270 | inch OD | 2" = Ø 50.8 × 1.65 | 0.065" | Tri-Clamp (ASME BPE) | US, Gulf projects with US EPC | | DIN 11866 / ASME BPE | metric or inch | as above | | orbital-weld ends, EP | pharma / biotech | _A DN 50 DIN tube (Ø 53) does not fit a 2" Tri-Clamp ferrule (Ø 50.8) — confirm the standard before ordering fittings._ ### Surface roughness and cleaning | Internal finish | Ra (µm) | How made | Specified for | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Standard sanitary | ≤ 0.8 | bead-rolled, mechanically polished, pickled | dairy, beverage, food, CIP-cleaned lines | | High hygiene | ≤ 0.5 | polished 240–320, passivated | baby food, sensitive products, cosmetics | | Electropolished (EP) | ≤ 0.4 (0.25) | electrochemical smoothing after polish | pharma, biotech, WFI, ASME BPE SF4 | | Bright annealed (BA) | ≤ 0.8 | hydrogen-atmosphere anneal, no pickling | instrument tube, orbital-welded lines | _CIP compatibility depends on drainable layout and dead-leg length as much as on Ra; we supply fittings with the same finish class._ ### Lengths and stock DN 10–100 (DIN 11850) in 304L Ra ≤ 0.8 with the matching bends, tees, reducers, DIN 11851 unions and clamp ferrules are stock items at Dilovası; 316L tube, Ra 0.5, electropolished and A270 inch sizes are supplied in 2–3 weeks. 6 m lengths, ends capped. ### Cutting, orbital welding and installation Cut square with a cold saw or orbital cutter, deburr inward and outward, keep the bore clean; join by orbital TIG welding with argon purge (no filler for ≤ 2 mm, matching filler otherwise) for a smooth, crevice-free weld, or by DIN / SMS unions and clamp ferrules where dismantling is needed; pickle and passivate welds. Install with a slope for drainage and short dead legs; support at 1.5–3 m; use stainless clips with EPDM inserts. Keep carbon steel away and cap open ends on site. ### Where it is used - Dairy, milk collection and cheese plants - Breweries, wineries, juice and soft-drink lines - Food processing: sauces, oils, syrups, tomato paste - Cosmetics and personal-care plants - Pharmaceutical, biotech and WFI systems (EP, 316L) - CIP systems, tanks, manifolds and skids ### Sanitary tube vs ordinary 304 tube Ordinary 304 pipe has an internal weld bead and a rough bore where product lodges and bacteria grow; it is fine for water, air and structures, not for product lines. Sanitary tube costs 20–30 % more and comes with a fitting system. For chloride and acidic products use the 316L version; for pressure services outside the product zone, seamless pipe. ### Price Sanitary tube is priced per metre by size, grade and finish class — 20–30 % above plain 2B tube for Ra 0.8, more for EP — and follows nickel; the bands below are the month\'s indicative FOB Istanbul ranges for 304L and 316L in the DN 25–65 range. Fittings and clamps per piece. - Sanitary 304L · DN 25–65: USD 4000–4400 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - Sanitary 316L · DN 25–65: USD 4950–5350 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Sanitary tube travels capped and sleeved: every tube gets plastic end caps and a PE sleeve, bundles of ≤ 150 kg go in PE and cardboard, and the lot is crated with the fittings boxed and labelled by standard and DN; 10–12 t per 20', 16–18 t per 40' HC. HS 7306.40 (tube), 7307.29 (fittings). - Moq: 300 kg tube; fittings from 10 pcs - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock DN 10–100 in 304L: 3–5 working days; 316L, electropolished and A270 inch sizes 2–3 weeks - Packing: Ends capped, each tube in PE sleeve, bundles ≤ 150 kg in PE and cardboard, crated - Container: 20' ≈ 10–12 t; 40' HC ≈ 16–18 t - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1, certificate of origin; 3.2 and PED on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight above 100 t ### Certificates Each lot ships with EN 10204 3.1 (heat, chemistry, mechanicals), the surface-roughness report (Ra inside, per tube standard), the food-contact declaration (EC 1935/2004 / FDA) and, for pharma, the electropolishing and ferrite reports; 3.2 witnessing on request. ### How to order Specify the standard (DIN 11850 / ISO 2037 / A270), DN or OD × wall, grade (304L / 316L), internal Ra class (0.8 / 0.5 / EP), length, quantity in metres, the fittings list (bends, tees, unions, clamps, ferrules — same standard), and the product line (we confirm grade and finish). ### FAQ **What is food-grade stainless tube?** Sanitary tube in 304L or 316L with the internal weld bead removed and the bore polished to Ra ≤ 0.8 µm (DIN 11850, ISO 2037, ASTM A270), bright-annealed or pickled, so product lines can be cleaned in place; supplied with matching hygienic fittings. **304L or 316L for food lines?** 304L for dairy, beer, juice, oils and most foods; 316L for salty, acidic or hot-CIP products (tomato, pickles, wine, soy) and for pharma and cosmetics. **Are DIN 11850 and Tri-Clamp sizes the same?** No — DIN DN 50 is Ø 53 mm, a 2" Tri-Clamp (A270) tube is Ø 50.8 mm; fittings must match the tube standard. **What Ra do I need?** Ra ≤ 0.8 µm for standard food and beverage CIP lines; ≤ 0.5 for sensitive products; electropolished ≤ 0.4 µm for pharma / WFI under ASME BPE. **Do you supply the fittings too?** Yes — bends, tees, reducers, DIN 11851 and SMS unions, clamp ferrules and clamps in the same standard and finish, from stock for DIN DN 10–100. **Is the tube certified for food contact?** Yes — EC 1935/2004 / FDA food-contact declaration with the EN 10204 3.1 certificate, including the surface-roughness measurement. ## Hollow Sections (SHS, RHS) URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/sections/hollow-sections-shs-rhs/ Box section, MS square tube, SHS/RHS — whatever the market calls it, it is a cold-formed hollow section to EN 10219, and we roll it ourselves in Dilovası from hot-rolled or galvanized strip: 15×15 to 400×400 mm, wall 1.2–12 mm, S235JRH to S355J2H, in 6 m and 12 m bars. Black, pre-galvanized Z275, hot-dip galvanized or powder-painted; punched, mitred or cut to length on request. ### What is a hollow section (box section, MS square tube)? A hollow section is a closed structural tube — square (SHS), rectangular (RHS) or circular (CHS) — cold-formed from strip and high-frequency welded along one seam. Compared with an open section of the same weight it has 2–3× the torsional stiffness and the same bending strength in both axes, which is why a 100×100×4 SHS carries a canopy column or a truss chord that would otherwise need a heavier I-beam. The Gulf and South Asia call it box section, MS square tube or MS rectangular tube; Europe calls it SHS/RHS to EN 10219; the US, HSS to ASTM A500. Same product; the grade table below aligns the names. We produce it on our own tube mill in Dilovası — the strip is slit from our coil stock, formed, welded, sized and cut in one line — so lengths, wall thicknesses and finishes can follow the order rather than a fixed catalogue. ### Every variant on its own page Each hollow-section type has a dedicated page with its full size and weight table: square hollow section (SHS), rectangular hollow section (RHS), galvanized square tube, galvanized rectangular tube, cold-rolled (DKP) box section, pre-painted box section, thick-wall hollow section and the structural grade S355J2H hollow section. ### Size range and what we roll Sizes above 200×200 are rolled from 6–12 mm hot-rolled strip on the heavy mill; sizes below 40×40 from 1.2–2 mm cold-rolled or galvanized strip. Both meet EN 10219-2 tolerances on outside dimension (±1% min ±0.5 mm), wall (±10%), squareness (90° ±1°) and straightness (0.2% of length). | Shape | Sizes | Wall | Lengths | Finish | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | SHS square | 15×15 – 400×400 mm | 1.2 – 12 mm | 6 m std; 5–14 m on request | Black, Z275 pre-galv, HDG, painted | | RHS rectangular | 20×10 – 400×200 mm | 1.2 – 12 mm | 6 m std; 5–14 m on request | Black, Z275 pre-galv, HDG, painted | | CHS round | Ø 13 – 323.9 mm | 1.2 – 8 mm | 6 m std; 12 m | See ERW pipe page | | Oval / special | To drawing | 1.0 – 3 mm | To order | See custom profiles page | ### Grades and equivalents S235JRH covers most orders; S355J2H is specified by EU and Gulf structural engineers for primary members and is required for EN 1090 CE-marked components. Chemistry and mechanicals of the base grades are on our reference site (links below). | EN 10219 | Yield min (MPa) | Tensile (MPa) | Impact | ASTM A500 | Use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | S235JRH | 235 | 360–510 | 27 J at +20 °C | Grade B (46 ksi) | General fabrication, fences, furniture, light frames | | S275J0H | 275 | 410–560 | 27 J at 0 °C | Grade B/C | Building frames, canopies | | S355J2H | 355 | 470–630 | 27 J at −20 °C | Grade C (50 ksi) | Trusses, columns, cranes, EN 1090 EXC2/3 | ### Square hollow sections — weight table (kg/m) Nominal mass per metre for the sizes we stock or roll to order. A 6 m bar of 40×40×2 weighs 13 kg; a 24 t truck carries about 1 840 of them. Use the bars-per-ton column to size an order. | Size (mm) | Wall (mm) | kg/m | kg per 6 m bar | Bars per ton | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 15 × 15 | 1.5 | 0.64 | 3.84 | 260 | | 15 × 15 | 2 | 0.82 | 4.92 | 203 | | 16 × 16 | 1.5 | 0.68 | 4.1 | 244 | | 20 × 20 | 1.5 | 0.85 | 5.1 | 196 | | 20 × 20 | 1.9 | 1.04 | 6.24 | 160 | | 20 × 20 | 2 | 1.09 | 6.54 | 153 | | 20 × 20 | 2.5 | 1.37 | 8.22 | 122 | | 25 × 25 | 1.5 | 1.07 | 6.42 | 156 | | 25 × 25 | 1.9 | 1.32 | 7.92 | 126 | | 25 × 25 | 2 | 1.38 | 8.28 | 121 | | 25 × 25 | 2.5 | 1.73 | 10.38 | 96 | | 25 × 25 | 3 | 2.05 | 12.3 | 81 | | 30 × 30 | 1.5 | 1.26 | 7.56 | 132 | | 30 × 30 | 1.9 | 1.56 | 9.36 | 107 | | 30 × 30 | 2 | 1.64 | 9.84 | 102 | | 30 × 30 | 2.5 | 2.06 | 12.36 | 81 | | 30 × 30 | 3 | 2.45 | 14.7 | 68 | | 30 × 30 | 4 | 3.18 | 19.08 | 52 | | 35 × 35 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 9 | 111 | | 35 × 35 | 2 | 1.95 | 11.7 | 85 | | 35 × 35 | 2.5 | 2.39 | 14.34 | 70 | | 35 × 35 | 3 | 2.82 | 16.92 | 59 | | 40 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.67 | 10.02 | 100 | | 40 × 40 | 1.9 | 2.08 | 12.48 | 80 | | 40 × 40 | 2 | 2.18 | 13.08 | 76 | | 40 × 40 | 2.4 | 2.58 | 15.48 | 65 | | 40 × 40 | 2.5 | 2.69 | 16.14 | 62 | | 40 × 40 | 2.9 | 3.09 | 18.54 | 54 | | 40 × 40 | 3 | 3.22 | 19.32 | 52 | | 40 × 40 | 4 | 4.19 | 25.14 | 40 | | 40 × 40 | 5 | 5.13 | 30.78 | 32 | | 45 × 45 | 1.5 | 1.91 | 11.46 | 87 | | 45 × 45 | 2 | 2.5 | 15 | 67 | | 45 × 45 | 2.5 | 3.09 | 18.54 | 54 | | 45 × 45 | 3 | 3.66 | 21.96 | 46 | | 45 × 45 | 4 | 4.77 | 28.62 | 35 | | 45 × 45 | 5 | 5.85 | 35.1 | 28 | | 50 × 50 | 1.5 | 1.83 | 10.98 | 91 | | 50 × 50 | 1.9 | 2.28 | 13.68 | 73 | | 50 × 50 | 2 | 2.39 | 14.34 | 70 | | 50 × 50 | 2.4 | 2.83 | 16.98 | 59 | | 50 × 50 | 2.5 | 2.95 | 17.7 | 56 | | 50 × 50 | 2.9 | 3.4 | 20.4 | 49 | | 50 × 50 | 3 | 3.55 | 21.3 | 47 | | 50 × 50 | 4 | 4.66 | 27.96 | 36 | | 50 × 50 | 5 | 5.74 | 34.44 | 29 | | 60 × 60 | 1.5 | 2.25 | 13.5 | 74 | | 60 × 60 | 1.9 | 2.78 | 16.68 | 60 | | 60 × 60 | 2 | 2.91 | 17.46 | 57 | | 60 × 60 | 2.4 | 3.43 | 20.58 | 49 | | 60 × 60 | 2.5 | 3.58 | 21.48 | 47 | | 60 × 60 | 2.9 | 4.17 | 25.02 | 40 | | 60 × 60 | 3 | 4.36 | 26.16 | 38 | | 60 × 60 | 4 | 5.73 | 34.38 | 29 | | 60 × 60 | 5 | 7.07 | 42.42 | 24 | | 70 × 70 | 1.5 | 2.67 | 16.02 | 62 | | 70 × 70 | 1.9 | 3.35 | 20.1 | 50 | | 70 × 70 | 2 | 3.5 | 21 | 48 | | 70 × 70 | 2.4 | 4 | 24 | 42 | | 70 × 70 | 2.5 | 4.17 | 25.02 | 40 | | 70 × 70 | 2.9 | 4.88 | 29.28 | 34 | | 70 × 70 | 3 | 5.1 | 30.6 | 33 | | 70 × 70 | 4 | 6.73 | 40.38 | 25 | | 70 × 70 | 5 | 8.32 | 49.92 | 20 | | 70 × 70 | 6 | 10 | 60 | 17 | | 75 × 75 | 2 | 3.76 | 22.56 | 44 | | 75 × 75 | 3 | 5.57 | 33.42 | 30 | | 80 × 80 | 1.5 | 3.08 | 18.48 | 54 | | 80 × 80 | 1.9 | 3.83 | 22.98 | 44 | | 80 × 80 | 2 | 4.01 | 24.06 | 42 | | 80 × 80 | 2.4 | 4.79 | 28.74 | 35 | | 80 × 80 | 2.5 | 5 | 30 | 33 | | 80 × 80 | 2.9 | 5.82 | 34.92 | 29 | | 80 × 80 | 3 | 6.1 | 36.6 | 27 | | 80 × 80 | 4 | 8.06 | 48.36 | 21 | | 80 × 80 | 5 | 10 | 60 | 17 | | 80 × 80 | 6 | 12.07 | 72.42 | 14 | | 90 × 90 | 2 | 5.53 | 33.16 | 30 | | 90 × 90 | 2.4 | 6.6 | 39.61 | 25 | | 90 × 90 | 2.5 | 6.87 | 41.21 | 24 | | 90 × 90 | 2.9 | 7.93 | 47.59 | 21 | | 90 × 90 | 3 | 8.2 | 49.17 | 20 | | 90 × 90 | 4 | 10.8 | 64.81 | 15 | | 90 × 90 | 5 | 13.35 | 80.07 | 12 | | 90 × 90 | 6 | 15.83 | 94.96 | 11 | | 100 × 100 | 2 | 5.05 | 30.3 | 33 | | 100 × 100 | 2.4 | 6.06 | 36.36 | 28 | | 100 × 100 | 2.5 | 6.33 | 37.98 | 26 | | 100 × 100 | 2.9 | 7.35 | 44.1 | 23 | | 100 × 100 | 3 | 7.67 | 46.02 | 22 | | 100 × 100 | 4 | 10.16 | 60.96 | 16 | | 100 × 100 | 5 | 12.6 | 75.6 | 13 | | 100 × 100 | 6 | 15.36 | 92.16 | 11 | | 100 × 100 | 8 | 20.46 | 122.76 | 8 | | 110 × 110 | 2.5 | 8.44 | 50.63 | 20 | | 110 × 110 | 3 | 10.08 | 60.47 | 17 | | 110 × 110 | 4 | 13.31 | 79.88 | 13 | | 110 × 110 | 5 | 16.49 | 98.91 | 10 | | 110 × 110 | 6 | 19.59 | 117.56 | 9 | | 110 × 110 | 8 | 25.62 | 153.73 | 7 | | 120 × 120 | 2.5 | 7.68 | 46.08 | 22 | | 120 × 120 | 3 | 9.29 | 55.74 | 18 | | 120 × 120 | 4 | 12.36 | 74.16 | 13 | | 120 × 120 | 5 | 15.42 | 92.52 | 11 | | 120 × 120 | 6 | 18.79 | 112.74 | 9 | | 120 × 120 | 8 | 25.49 | 152.94 | 7 | | 140 × 140 | 3 | 10.91 | 65.46 | 15 | | 140 × 140 | 4 | 14.54 | 87.24 | 11 | | 140 × 140 | 5 | 18.14 | 108.84 | 9 | | 140 × 140 | 6 | 22.18 | 133.08 | 8 | | 140 × 140 | 8 | 30.16 | 180.96 | 6 | | 150 × 150 | 3 | 11.68 | 70.08 | 14 | | 150 × 150 | 4 | 15.57 | 93.42 | 11 | | 150 × 150 | 5 | 19.44 | 116.64 | 9 | | 150 × 150 | 6 | 23.75 | 142.5 | 7 | | 150 × 150 | 8 | 32.32 | 193.92 | 5 | | 175 × 175 | 3 | 13.71 | 82.26 | 12 | | 175 × 175 | 4 | 18.28 | 109.68 | 9 | | 175 × 175 | 5 | 22.83 | 136.98 | 7 | | 175 × 175 | 6 | 27.94 | 167.64 | 6 | | 175 × 175 | 8 | 38.07 | 228.42 | 4 | | 200 × 200 | 4 | 21 | 126 | 8 | | 200 × 200 | 5 | 26.24 | 157.44 | 6 | | 200 × 200 | 6 | 32.13 | 192.78 | 5 | | 200 × 200 | 8 | 43.83 | 262.98 | 4 | | 200 × 200 | 10 | 56.94 | 341.64 | 3 | | 250 × 250 | 5 | 33.07 | 198.42 | 5 | | 250 × 250 | 6 | 40.51 | 243.06 | 4 | | 250 × 250 | 8 | 55.35 | 332.1 | 3 | | 250 × 250 | 10 | 74.07 | 444.42 | 2 | _Nominal mass per EN 10219-2 with corner radii; 6 m standard length, 12 m on request._ ### Rectangular hollow sections — weight table (kg/m) RHS is ordered as height × width × wall; the longer side is the bending axis. For purlins and girts a 100×50×2.5 or 120×60×3 RHS often replaces a C-purlin where the span is short and a closed section is wanted for painting. | Size (mm) | Wall (mm) | kg/m | kg per 6 m bar | Bars per ton | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 10 × 20 | 1.5 | 0.64 | 3.84 | 260 | | 10 × 20 | 2 | 0.82 | 4.92 | 203 | | 10 × 30 | 1.5 | 0.85 | 5.1 | 196 | | 10 × 30 | 1.9 | 1.08 | 6.48 | 154 | | 10 × 30 | 2 | 1.09 | 6.54 | 153 | | 10 × 30 | 2.5 | 1.37 | 8.24 | 121 | | 10 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.11 | 6.64 | 151 | | 10 × 40 | 2 | 1.44 | 8.66 | 115 | | 10 × 40 | 2.5 | 1.77 | 10.6 | 94 | | 10 × 50 | 1.5 | 1.34 | 8.05 | 124 | | 10 × 50 | 2 | 1.76 | 10.55 | 95 | | 15 × 25 | 1.5 | 0.85 | 5.1 | 196 | | 15 × 25 | 1.9 | 1.08 | 6.48 | 154 | | 15 × 25 | 2 | 1.09 | 6.54 | 153 | | 15 × 25 | 2.5 | 1.37 | 8.24 | 121 | | 15 × 30 | 1.5 | 0.99 | 5.93 | 169 | | 15 × 30 | 2 | 1.29 | 7.72 | 130 | | 15 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.23 | 7.35 | 136 | | 15 × 40 | 2 | 1.6 | 9.61 | 104 | | 15 × 45 | 1.5 | 1.34 | 8.05 | 124 | | 15 × 45 | 2 | 1.76 | 10.55 | 95 | | 20 × 30 | 1.5 | 1.07 | 6.42 | 156 | | 20 × 30 | 1.9 | 1.38 | 8.27 | 121 | | 20 × 30 | 2 | 1.38 | 8.28 | 121 | | 20 × 30 | 2.5 | 1.73 | 10.38 | 96 | | 20 × 30 | 3 | 2.05 | 12.3 | 81 | | 20 × 35 | 1.5 | 1.23 | 7.35 | 136 | | 20 × 35 | 2 | 1.6 | 9.61 | 104 | | 20 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.34 | 8.05 | 124 | | 20 × 40 | 1.9 | 1.68 | 10.06 | 99 | | 20 × 40 | 2 | 1.76 | 10.55 | 95 | | 20 × 40 | 2.5 | 2.16 | 12.95 | 77 | | 20 × 40 | 3 | 2.54 | 15.26 | 66 | | 20 × 40 | 4 | 3.27 | 19.6 | 51 | | 20 × 50 | 1.5 | 1.58 | 9.47 | 106 | | 20 × 50 | 2 | 2.07 | 12.43 | 80 | | 20 × 50 | 2.5 | 2.55 | 15.31 | 65 | | 20 × 50 | 3 | 3.01 | 18.08 | 55 | | 20 × 60 | 1.5 | 1.81 | 10.88 | 92 | | 20 × 60 | 2 | 2.39 | 14.32 | 70 | | 20 × 80 | 1.5 | 2.28 | 13.7 | 73 | | 20 × 80 | 2 | 3.01 | 18.08 | 55 | | 20 × 80 | 2.5 | 3.73 | 22.37 | 45 | | 20 × 80 | 3 | 4.43 | 26.56 | 38 | | 20 × 100 | 2 | 3.64 | 21.85 | 46 | | 25 × 35 | 1.5 | 1.34 | 8.05 | 124 | | 25 × 35 | 2 | 1.76 | 10.55 | 95 | | 25 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.46 | 8.76 | 114 | | 25 × 40 | 2 | 1.92 | 11.49 | 87 | | 25 × 40 | 2.5 | 2.36 | 14.13 | 71 | | 25 × 40 | 3 | 2.78 | 16.67 | 60 | | 25 × 50 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 10.18 | 98 | | 25 × 50 | 2 | 2.2 | 13.19 | 76 | | 25 × 50 | 2.5 | 2.75 | 16.49 | 61 | | 25 × 50 | 3 | 3.25 | 19.5 | 51 | | 30 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.49 | 8.94 | 112 | | 30 × 40 | 1.9 | 1.98 | 11.85 | 84 | | 30 × 40 | 2 | 1.93 | 11.58 | 86 | | 30 × 40 | 2.5 | 2.39 | 14.34 | 70 | | 30 × 40 | 3 | 2.83 | 16.98 | 59 | | 30 × 50 | 1.5 | 1.81 | 10.88 | 92 | | 30 × 50 | 1.9 | 2.27 | 13.64 | 73 | | 30 × 50 | 2 | 2.36 | 14.13 | 71 | | 30 × 50 | 2.4 | 2.83 | 17 | 59 | | 30 × 50 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 17.42 | 57 | | 30 × 50 | 2.9 | 3.38 | 20.27 | 49 | | 30 × 50 | 3 | 3.49 | 20.91 | 48 | | 30 × 50 | 4 | 4.52 | 27.13 | 37 | | 30 × 50 | 5 | 5.5 | 32.97 | 30 | | 30 × 60 | 1.5 | 2.05 | 12.29 | 81 | | 30 × 60 | 2 | 2.67 | 16.01 | 62 | | 30 × 60 | 2.5 | 3.34 | 20.02 | 50 | | 30 × 60 | 3 | 3.95 | 23.68 | 42 | | 30 × 60 | 4 | 5.15 | 30.9 | 32 | | 30 × 60 | 5 | 6.28 | 37.68 | 27 | | 30 × 70 | 1.5 | 2.28 | 13.7 | 73 | | 30 × 70 | 1.9 | 2.87 | 17.22 | 58 | | 30 × 70 | 2 | 3.01 | 18.08 | 55 | | 30 × 70 | 2.5 | 3.73 | 22.37 | 45 | | 30 × 70 | 3 | 4.43 | 26.56 | 38 | | 30 × 70 | 4 | 5.78 | 34.67 | 29 | | 30 × 80 | 1.5 | 2.52 | 15.12 | 66 | | 30 × 80 | 2 | 3.33 | 19.97 | 50 | | 30 × 80 | 2.5 | 4.12 | 24.73 | 40 | | 30 × 80 | 3 | 4.9 | 29.39 | 34 | | 30 × 80 | 4 | 6.41 | 38.44 | 26 | | 30 × 80 | 5 | 7.85 | 47.1 | 21 | | 30 × 90 | 2 | 3.64 | 21.85 | 46 | | 30 × 90 | 2.5 | 4.51 | 27.08 | 37 | | 30 × 90 | 3 | 5.37 | 32.21 | 31 | | 30 × 100 | 1.5 | 2.99 | 17.95 | 56 | | 30 × 100 | 2 | 3.96 | 23.74 | 42 | | 30 × 100 | 2.5 | 4.91 | 29.44 | 34 | | 30 × 100 | 3 | 5.84 | 35.04 | 29 | | 30 × 100 | 4 | 7.66 | 45.97 | 22 | | 30 × 100 | 5 | 9.42 | 56.52 | 18 | | 30 × 110 | 1.5 | 3.23 | 19.36 | 52 | | 40 × 50 | 1.5 | 1.91 | 11.46 | 87 | | 40 × 50 | 2 | 2.5 | 15 | 67 | | 40 × 50 | 2.5 | 3.09 | 18.54 | 54 | | 40 × 50 | 3 | 3.66 | 21.96 | 46 | | 40 × 50 | 4 | 5.15 | 30.9 | 32 | | 40 × 50 | 5 | 6.28 | 37.68 | 27 | | 40 × 60 | 1.5 | 1.83 | 10.98 | 91 | | 40 × 60 | 1.9 | 2.87 | 17.22 | 58 | | 40 × 60 | 2 | 2.39 | 14.34 | 70 | | 40 × 60 | 2.4 | 3.59 | 21.52 | 46 | | 40 × 60 | 2.5 | 2.95 | 17.7 | 56 | | 40 × 60 | 2.9 | 4.29 | 25.73 | 39 | | 40 × 60 | 3 | 3.55 | 21.3 | 47 | | 40 × 60 | 4 | 5.77 | 34.64 | 29 | | 40 × 60 | 5 | 7.07 | 42.39 | 24 | | 40 × 70 | 1.5 | 2.52 | 15.12 | 66 | | 40 × 70 | 2 | 3.33 | 19.97 | 50 | | 40 × 70 | 2.5 | 4.12 | 24.73 | 40 | | 40 × 70 | 3 | 4.9 | 29.39 | 34 | | 40 × 70 | 4 | 6.41 | 38.44 | 26 | | 40 × 70 | 5 | 7.85 | 47.1 | 21 | | 40 × 80 | 1.5 | 2.76 | 16.53 | 60 | | 40 × 80 | 1.9 | 3.47 | 20.8 | 48 | | 40 × 80 | 2 | 3.61 | 21.66 | 46 | | 40 × 80 | 2.4 | 4.34 | 26.05 | 38 | | 40 × 80 | 2.5 | 4.51 | 27.08 | 37 | | 40 × 80 | 2.9 | 5.2 | 31.2 | 32 | | 40 × 80 | 3 | 5.32 | 31.91 | 31 | | 40 × 80 | 4 | 6.98 | 41.9 | 24 | | 40 × 80 | 5 | 8.64 | 51.81 | 19 | | 40 × 100 | 1.5 | 3.23 | 19.36 | 52 | | 40 × 100 | 1.9 | 4.06 | 24.38 | 41 | | 40 × 100 | 2 | 4.27 | 25.62 | 39 | | 40 × 100 | 2.4 | 5.09 | 30.56 | 33 | | 40 × 100 | 2.5 | 5.3 | 31.79 | 31 | | 40 × 100 | 2.9 | 6.11 | 36.66 | 27 | | 40 × 100 | 3 | 6.31 | 37.87 | 26 | | 40 × 100 | 4 | 8.29 | 49.74 | 20 | | 40 × 100 | 5 | 10.21 | 61.23 | 16 | | 40 × 100 | 6 | 12.06 | 72.35 | 14 | | 40 × 120 | 2 | 4.9 | 29.39 | 34 | | 40 × 120 | 2.5 | 6.08 | 36.5 | 27 | | 40 × 120 | 3 | 7.25 | 43.52 | 23 | | 40 × 120 | 4 | 9.55 | 57.28 | 17 | | 40 × 120 | 5 | 11.78 | 70.65 | 14 | | 40 × 130 | 2.5 | 6.48 | 38.86 | 26 | | 40 × 130 | 3 | 7.72 | 46.34 | 22 | | 40 × 130 | 4 | 10.17 | 61.04 | 16 | | 40 × 130 | 5 | 12.56 | 75.36 | 13 | | 40 × 140 | 3 | 8.2 | 49.17 | 20 | | 40 × 140 | 4 | 10.8 | 64.81 | 15 | | 40 × 140 | 5 | 13.35 | 80.07 | 12 | | 50 × 60 | 1.5 | 2.52 | 15.12 | 66 | | 50 × 60 | 2 | 3.33 | 19.97 | 50 | | 50 × 60 | 2.5 | 4.12 | 24.73 | 40 | | 50 × 60 | 3 | 4.9 | 29.39 | 34 | | 50 × 60 | 4 | 6.41 | 38.44 | 26 | | 50 × 60 | 5 | 7.85 | 47.1 | 21 | | 50 × 70 | 2 | 3.64 | 21.85 | 46 | | 50 × 70 | 2.5 | 4.51 | 27.08 | 37 | | 50 × 70 | 3 | 5.37 | 32.21 | 31 | | 50 × 70 | 4 | 7.03 | 42.2 | 24 | | 50 × 70 | 5 | 8.64 | 51.81 | 19 | | 50 × 80 | 1.5 | 2.73 | 16.38 | 61 | | 50 × 80 | 2 | 3.55 | 21.3 | 47 | | 50 × 80 | 2.5 | 4.37 | 26.22 | 38 | | 50 × 80 | 3 | 5.18 | 31.08 | 32 | | 50 × 80 | 4 | 6.79 | 40.74 | 25 | | 50 × 80 | 5 | 9.42 | 56.52 | 18 | | 50 × 90 | 1.5 | 3.23 | 19.36 | 52 | | 50 × 90 | 1.9 | 4.06 | 24.38 | 41 | | 50 × 90 | 2 | 4.27 | 25.62 | 39 | | 50 × 90 | 2.4 | 5.09 | 30.56 | 33 | | 50 × 90 | 2.5 | 5.3 | 31.79 | 31 | | 50 × 90 | 2.9 | 6.11 | 36.66 | 27 | | 50 × 90 | 3 | 6.31 | 37.87 | 26 | | 50 × 90 | 4 | 8.29 | 49.74 | 20 | | 50 × 90 | 5 | 10.21 | 61.23 | 16 | | 50 × 90 | 6 | 12.06 | 72.35 | 14 | | 50 × 100 | 1.5 | 3.46 | 20.77 | 48 | | 50 × 100 | 1.9 | 4.36 | 26.17 | 38 | | 50 × 100 | 2 | 4.58 | 27.5 | 36 | | 50 × 100 | 2.4 | 5.47 | 32.83 | 30 | | 50 × 100 | 2.5 | 5.69 | 34.15 | 29 | | 50 × 100 | 2.9 | 6.57 | 39.39 | 25 | | 50 × 100 | 3 | 6.87 | 41.21 | 24 | | 50 × 100 | 4 | 9.02 | 54.14 | 18 | | 50 × 100 | 5 | 10.99 | 65.94 | 15 | | 50 × 100 | 6 | 13 | 78 | 13 | | 50 × 120 | 2.5 | 6.48 | 38.86 | 26 | | 50 × 120 | 3 | 7.72 | 46.34 | 22 | | 50 × 120 | 4 | 10.17 | 61.04 | 16 | | 50 × 120 | 5 | 12.56 | 75.36 | 13 | | 50 × 150 | 2 | 6.15 | 36.92 | 27 | | 50 × 150 | 2.5 | 7.65 | 45.92 | 22 | | 50 × 150 | 3 | 9.14 | 54.82 | 18 | | 50 × 150 | 4 | 12.06 | 72.35 | 14 | | 50 × 150 | 5 | 14.92 | 89.49 | 11 | | 50 × 150 | 6 | 17.71 | 106.26 | 9 | | 60 × 80 | 1.5 | 2.82 | 16.92 | 59 | | 60 × 80 | 1.9 | 4.06 | 24.38 | 41 | | 60 × 80 | 2 | 3.7 | 22.2 | 45 | | 60 × 80 | 2.4 | 5.09 | 30.56 | 33 | | 60 × 80 | 2.5 | 4.58 | 27.48 | 36 | | 60 × 80 | 2.9 | 6.11 | 36.66 | 27 | | 60 × 80 | 3 | 5.41 | 32.46 | 31 | | 60 × 80 | 4 | 7.06 | 42.36 | 24 | | 60 × 80 | 5 | 10.21 | 61.23 | 16 | | 60 × 80 | 6 | 12.06 | 72.35 | 14 | | 60 × 100 | 1.5 | 3.7 | 22.18 | 45 | | 60 × 100 | 1.9 | 4.66 | 27.95 | 36 | | 60 × 100 | 2 | 4.9 | 29.39 | 34 | | 60 × 100 | 2.4 | 5.85 | 35.09 | 28 | | 60 × 100 | 2.5 | 6.08 | 36.5 | 27 | | 60 × 100 | 2.9 | 7.02 | 42.13 | 24 | | 60 × 100 | 3 | 7.24 | 43.43 | 23 | | 60 × 100 | 4 | 9.52 | 57.14 | 17 | | 60 × 100 | 5 | 11.78 | 70.65 | 14 | | 60 × 100 | 6 | 13.94 | 83.65 | 12 | | 60 × 120 | 2 | 5.53 | 33.16 | 30 | | 60 × 120 | 2.4 | 6.6 | 39.61 | 25 | | 60 × 120 | 2.5 | 6.87 | 41.21 | 24 | | 60 × 120 | 2.9 | 7.93 | 47.59 | 21 | | 60 × 120 | 3 | 8.2 | 49.17 | 20 | | 60 × 120 | 4 | 11.03 | 66.19 | 15 | | 60 × 120 | 5 | 13.68 | 82.08 | 12 | | 60 × 120 | 6 | 15.83 | 94.96 | 11 | | 60 × 140 | 2.5 | 7.65 | 45.92 | 22 | | 60 × 140 | 3 | 9.14 | 54.82 | 18 | | 60 × 140 | 4 | 12.06 | 72.35 | 14 | | 60 × 140 | 5 | 14.92 | 89.49 | 11 | | 60 × 140 | 6 | 17.71 | 106.26 | 9 | | 70 × 100 | 2.5 | 6.48 | 38.86 | 26 | | 70 × 100 | 3 | 7.72 | 46.34 | 22 | | 70 × 100 | 4 | 10.17 | 61.04 | 16 | | 70 × 100 | 5 | 12.56 | 75.36 | 13 | | 70 × 110 | 3 | 8.2 | 49.17 | 20 | | 70 × 110 | 4 | 10.8 | 64.81 | 15 | | 70 × 110 | 5 | 13.35 | 80.07 | 12 | | 70 × 120 | 2 | 5.84 | 35.04 | 29 | | 70 × 120 | 2.5 | 7.26 | 43.57 | 23 | | 70 × 120 | 3 | 8.67 | 52 | 19 | | 80 × 100 | 2 | 4.51 | 27.06 | 37 | | 80 × 100 | 2.4 | 6.6 | 39.61 | 25 | | 80 × 100 | 2.5 | 5.59 | 33.54 | 30 | | 80 × 100 | 2.9 | 7.93 | 47.59 | 21 | | 80 × 100 | 3 | 6.61 | 39.66 | 25 | | 80 × 100 | 4 | 8.71 | 52.26 | 19 | | 80 × 100 | 5 | 13.35 | 80.07 | 12 | | 80 × 100 | 6 | 15.83 | 94.96 | 11 | | 80 × 120 | 2 | 4.97 | 29.82 | 34 | | 80 × 120 | 2.4 | 7.36 | 44.13 | 23 | | 80 × 120 | 2.5 | 6.19 | 37.14 | 27 | | 80 × 120 | 2.9 | 8.84 | 53.05 | 19 | | 80 × 120 | 3 | 7.37 | 44.22 | 23 | | 80 × 120 | 4 | 9.71 | 58.26 | 17 | | 80 × 120 | 5 | 14.92 | 89.49 | 11 | | 80 × 120 | 6 | 17.71 | 106.26 | 9 | | 80 × 120 | 8 | 23.11 | 138.66 | 7 | | 80 × 140 | 2.5 | 8.44 | 50.63 | 20 | | 80 × 140 | 3 | 10.08 | 60.47 | 17 | | 80 × 140 | 4 | 13.31 | 79.88 | 13 | | 80 × 140 | 5 | 16.49 | 98.91 | 10 | | 80 × 140 | 6 | 19.59 | 117.56 | 9 | | 80 × 140 | 8 | 25.62 | 153.73 | 7 | | 80 × 160 | 2.5 | 9.22 | 55.34 | 18 | | 80 × 160 | 3 | 11.02 | 66.13 | 15 | | 80 × 160 | 4 | 14.57 | 87.42 | 11 | | 80 × 160 | 5 | 18.06 | 108.33 | 9 | | 80 × 160 | 6 | 21.48 | 128.87 | 8 | | 80 × 160 | 8 | 28.13 | 168.8 | 6 | | 80 × 200 | 3 | 12.91 | 77.43 | 13 | | 80 × 200 | 4 | 17.08 | 102.49 | 10 | | 80 × 200 | 5 | 21.2 | 127.17 | 8 | | 80 × 200 | 6 | 25.25 | 151.48 | 7 | | 100 × 120 | 2.5 | 8.44 | 50.63 | 20 | | 100 × 120 | 3 | 10.08 | 60.47 | 17 | | 100 × 120 | 4 | 13.31 | 79.88 | 13 | | 100 × 120 | 5 | 16.49 | 98.91 | 10 | | 100 × 120 | 6 | 19.59 | 117.56 | 9 | | 100 × 120 | 8 | 25.62 | 153.73 | 7 | | 100 × 150 | 3 | 9.3 | 55.8 | 18 | | 100 × 150 | 4 | 12.3 | 73.8 | 14 | | 100 × 150 | 5 | 19.31 | 115.83 | 9 | | 100 × 150 | 6 | 22.42 | 134.52 | 7 | | 100 × 150 | 8 | 29.39 | 176.34 | 6 | | 100 × 180 | 3 | 12.91 | 77.43 | 13 | | 100 × 180 | 4 | 17.08 | 102.49 | 10 | | 100 × 180 | 5 | 21.2 | 127.17 | 8 | | 100 × 180 | 6 | 25.25 | 151.48 | 7 | | 100 × 200 | 3 | 11.68 | 70.08 | 14 | | 100 × 200 | 4 | 15.57 | 93.42 | 11 | | 100 × 200 | 5 | 22.77 | 136.59 | 7 | | 100 × 200 | 6 | 27.13 | 162.78 | 6 | | 100 × 200 | 8 | 35.67 | 214.02 | 5 | | 150 × 200 | 3 | 13.71 | 82.26 | 12 | | 150 × 200 | 4 | 18.28 | 109.68 | 9 | | 150 × 200 | 5 | 26.69 | 160.14 | 6 | | 150 × 200 | 6 | 31.84 | 191.04 | 5 | | 150 × 200 | 8 | 41.95 | 251.7 | 4 | | 150 × 250 | 4 | 24.62 | 147.71 | 7 | | 150 × 250 | 5 | 30.62 | 183.69 | 5 | | 150 × 250 | 6 | 36.55 | 219.3 | 5 | | 150 × 250 | 8 | 48.23 | 289.38 | 3 | | 150 × 250 | 10 | 59.66 | 357.96 | 3 | | 200 × 300 | 5 | 33.07 | 198.42 | 5 | | 200 × 300 | 6 | 45.97 | 275.82 | 4 | | 200 × 300 | 8 | 60.79 | 364.74 | 3 | | 200 × 300 | 10 | 75.36 | 452.16 | 2 | _Nominal mass per EN 10219-2; 6 m standard length, 12 m on request._ ### Pre-galvanized (Z275) hollow sections Rolled from DX51D+Z275 strip, so the zinc is on the inside and outside faces of the strip and the weld seam is zinc-sprayed after welding. It is lighter and cheaper than hot-dip galvanizing after forming, with a smoother surface for fences, greenhouses, racking, solar mounting and furniture. For structural outdoor use choose hot-dip galvanizing after fabrication (EN ISO 1461, min. 70 µm). | Size (mm) | Wall (mm) | kg/m | kg per 6 m bar | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 20 × 20 | 1.35 | 0.83 | 4.96 | | 20 × 20 | 1.8 | 1.07 | 6.44 | | 20 × 20 | 2.5 | 1.47 | 8.83 | | 20 × 30 | 1.4 | 1.07 | 6.4 | | 20 × 30 | 1.5 | 1.14 | 6.85 | | 20 × 30 | 1.8 | 1.37 | 8.22 | | 20 × 30 | 2 | 1.51 | 9.04 | | 20 × 30 | 2.5 | 1.87 | 11.19 | | 20 × 40 | 1.2 | 1.11 | 6.67 | | 20 × 40 | 1.35 | 1.25 | 7.5 | | 20 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.38 | 8.27 | | 20 × 40 | 1.8 | 1.64 | 9.83 | | 20 × 40 | 2 | 1.82 | 10.93 | | 20 × 40 | 2.5 | 2.26 | 13.54 | | 25 × 25 | 1.4 | 1.07 | 6.4 | | 25 × 40 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 8.37 | | 30 × 30 | 1.2 | 1.11 | 6.67 | | 30 × 30 | 1.35 | 1.24 | 7.44 | | 30 × 30 | 1.5 | 1.38 | 8.27 | | 30 × 30 | 1.8 | 1.64 | 9.83 | | 30 × 30 | 2 | 1.82 | 10.93 | | 30 × 30 | 2.5 | 2.26 | 13.54 | | 30 × 40 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 7.8 | | 30 × 40 | 1.35 | 1.45 | 8.71 | | 30 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.61 | 9.68 | | 30 × 40 | 1.8 | 1.92 | 11.53 | | 30 × 40 | 2 | 2.14 | 12.81 | | 30 × 40 | 3 | 3.18 | 19.08 | | 30 × 50 | 1.2 | 1.49 | 8.93 | | 30 × 50 | 1.35 | 1.66 | 9.98 | | 30 × 50 | 1.5 | 1.85 | 11.09 | | 30 × 50 | 1.8 | 2.21 | 13.23 | | 30 × 50 | 2 | 2.45 | 14.7 | | 30 × 50 | 2.5 | 3.04 | 18.25 | | 30 × 60 | 1.2 | 1.67 | 10 | | 30 × 60 | 2 | 2.76 | 16.58 | | 40 × 40 | 1.2 | 1.49 | 8.93 | | 40 × 40 | 1.35 | 1.66 | 9.98 | | 40 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.85 | 11.09 | | 40 × 40 | 1.8 | 2.21 | 13.23 | | 40 × 40 | 2 | 2.45 | 14.7 | | 40 × 40 | 2.5 | 3.04 | 18.25 | | 40 × 40 | 3 | 3.63 | 21.76 | | 40 × 50 | 2 | 2.76 | 16.58 | | 40 × 50 | 2.5 | 3.44 | 20.61 | | 40 × 50 | 3 | 4.07 | 24.44 | | 40 × 60 | 1.2 | 1.87 | 11.19 | | 40 × 60 | 1.35 | 2.09 | 12.53 | | 40 × 60 | 1.5 | 2.32 | 13.92 | | 40 × 60 | 1.8 | 2.77 | 16.62 | | 40 × 60 | 2 | 3.08 | 18.46 | | 40 × 60 | 2.5 | 3.83 | 22.96 | | 40 × 60 | 3 | 4.57 | 27.41 | | 40 × 80 | 1.4 | 2.61 | 15.63 | | 40 × 80 | 1.8 | 3.34 | 20.01 | | 40 × 80 | 2 | 3.71 | 22.23 | | 40 × 80 | 2.5 | 4.61 | 27.67 | | 40 × 80 | 3 | 5.49 | 32.92 | | 50 × 50 | 1.2 | 1.87 | 11.19 | | 50 × 50 | 1.35 | 2.09 | 12.53 | | 50 × 50 | 1.5 | 2.32 | 13.92 | | 50 × 50 | 1.8 | 2.77 | 16.62 | | 50 × 50 | 2 | 3.08 | 18.46 | | 50 × 50 | 2.5 | 3.83 | 22.96 | | 50 × 50 | 3 | 4.57 | 27.41 | | 50 × 100 | 2.5 | 5.61 | 33.68 | | 50 × 100 | 3 | 6.67 | 39.99 | | 60 × 60 | 1.2 | 2.23 | 13.4 | | 60 × 60 | 1.35 | 2.51 | 15.07 | | 60 × 60 | 1.5 | 2.79 | 16.74 | | 60 × 60 | 1.8 | 3.33 | 20 | | 60 × 60 | 2 | 3.69 | 22.14 | | 60 × 60 | 2.5 | 4.61 | 27.67 | | 60 × 60 | 3 | 5.51 | 33.06 | | 80 × 80 | 2.5 | 6.01 | 36.03 | | 80 × 80 | 3 | 7.14 | 42.81 | | 100 × 100 | 3 | 9.07 | 54.4 | _Roll-formed from DX51D+Z275 strip in our Dilovası tube mill; 6 m lengths._ ### Finishes: black, galvanized, painted | Finish | Coating | Corrosion protection | Typical use | Extra cost vs black | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Black (mill) | None, light oil | Indoor / to be painted | Structures, fabrication | — | | Pre-galvanized | Z275 strip, zinc-sprayed seam | Good indoor, moderate outdoor | Fences, racking, solar, furniture | +10–15% | | Hot-dip galvanized | EN ISO 1461, 70–85 µm | Excellent outdoor, 30+ yr | Guardrail, outdoor structures, Gulf | +25–35% | | Powder / wet painted | Primer + RAL top coat 60–80 µm | Good with maintenance | Visible frames, canopies, fences | +15–25% | | Anti-rust primer | Red-oxide 30 µm | Transport / short-term | To be top-coated on site | +5–8% | ### Load capacity and span — quick guide As a simply supported beam under uniformly distributed load, a 100×100×4 S235JRH SHS spans 4 m at about 4.5 kN/m (deflection L/200); a 150×150×5 spans 6 m at 5 kN/m; a 200×100×6 RHS on its strong axis spans 6 m at 7 kN/m. As a column, 100×100×4 carries roughly 250 kN at 3 m effective length (EN 1993-1-1, buckling curve c). Full tables per section and grade are in our load-capacity guide; the structural engineer of record confirms the final choice. - Section modulus, inertia and radius of gyration for every size on the offer datasheet - EN 1993-1-1 buckling curves b (S355 hot-finished) / c (cold-formed) - CE-marked EN 1090 components fabricated on request ### Cutting, punching and fabrication Bars are cut to length (±2 mm), mitred at 45° for frames, laser-cut with holes and slots to DXF, or supplied as welded sub-frames. Ends can be capped or swaged. Our laser (up to 25 mm) and plasma lines handle plates and gussets in the same order, so a fence, canopy or racking kit ships complete. ### Hollow section price per ton Indicative FOB Istanbul bands from our weekly export list, S235JRH black, 6 m bars, full-truck or container quantities. Small and thin sections (15–30 mm, 1.2–1.5 mm) cost 10–25% more per ton than the mid-range because of the slitting and forming time per kilogram; pre-galvanized adds the zinc strip premium. - S235JRH black · 40×40–120×120: USD 760–1210 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - Pre-galvanized Z275 · 20×20–100×100: USD 870–960 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - Pre-painted: on request / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Bars are bundled in hexagonal or square packs of 500–1 500 kg, strapped, with end caps on request; 6 m bars load into 20' and 40' containers, 12 m into 40' HC only. HS code 7306.61 (square/rectangular welded hollow sections). - Moq: 1 truck (22–24 t) or 1 × 40' HC; sizes and finishes can be mixed - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau / Almaty - Lead: Stock sizes 5–10 working days; mill run 2–3 weeks; HDG or painting +5–7 days - Packing: Hex bundles 500–1 500 kg, 3 straps, end caps optional; 6 m in 20'/40', 12 m in 40' HC - Container: 20' ≈ 20–21 t · 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t · truck 22–24 t - Docs: Invoice, packing list per bundle, EN 10204 3.1, certificate of origin; CE (EN 1090), SASO, SONCAP, EAC, COC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight via London office ### Certificates EN 10204 3.1 for every heat (strip certificate + our weld and dimension record), CE declaration under EN 1090-1 for structural components on request, certificate of origin; SASO, SONCAP, EAC and COC arranged before loading. ### How to order Send size × wall, grade, finish, length, quantity in tons or pieces, and the port. We reply within one working day with price, bundle plan, gross weight and loading date; stock sizes ship in 5–10 working days, mill runs in 2–3 weeks. ### FAQ **What is the difference between box section and hollow section?** Nothing — box section is the trade name for a square or rectangular hollow section (SHS/RHS). MS square tube and MS rectangular tube mean the same cold-formed EN 10219 / ASTM A500 product. **What sizes of MS square tube are available?** From 15×15 mm to 400×400 mm square and 20×10 to 400×200 mm rectangular, wall 1.2–12 mm, in 6 m standard bars and 5–14 m on request. The weight tables above list the stocked combinations. **What is the weight of 40×40×2 square tube?** 2.18 kg per metre, 13.1 kg per 6 m bar — about 76 bars per ton. For 50×50×2: 2.93 kg/m; 100×100×4: 11.7 kg/m; 150×150×5: 22.3 kg/m. **Which grade should I specify, S235JRH or S355J2H?** S235JRH for fences, furniture, racking and light frames; S355J2H when the engineer designs to EN 1993 with a 355 MPa yield, for primary members, cranes, cold climates (impact at −20 °C) and EN 1090 EXC2/3 components. **Do you manufacture the hollow sections yourself?** Yes. Our Dilovası plant runs a tube mill fed from our own coil stock: slitting, forming, HF welding, sizing and cutting in one line, with pre-galvanized and black strip. Hot-dip galvanizing and painting are done in partner plants nearby. **How many tons of hollow section fit in a container?** About 20–21 t in a 20' and 24–25 t in a 40' HC in 6 m bars; 12 m bars need a 40' HC or a flat-rack. Bundles are packed to fill the width and chocked against the walls. **Can you supply hollow sections with holes or cut to size?** Yes — cut to length ±2 mm, mitred, laser-punched to DXF, or welded into sub-frames; caps and swaged ends on request. Processing is priced per piece on the offer. **Is pre-galvanized square tube suitable for outdoor use?** For fences, greenhouses, solar mounting and covered structures yes (Z275 gives 10–20 years inland). For structural members permanently exposed outdoors or in coastal air specify hot-dip galvanizing after fabrication (EN ISO 1461). ## Square Hollow Section (SHS) URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/sections/square-hollow-section/ Square tube is the section a fabricator uses without thinking: fence and gate frames, machine guards, racks, columns, trusses, trailer bodies. We roll it ourselves from Erdemir and Tosyalı strip, which is why the size list runs from 15 mm to 250 mm in twenty-two sizes and eight walls, and why a mixed truck of it leaves Dilovası every day. ### What is Square hollow sections? A square hollow section is a closed tube of square cross-section, cold-formed from hot-rolled strip and welded along one edge by high-frequency induction (ERW): the strip is slit to the developed width, roll-formed into a round, welded, then shaped square by sizing rolls, cut to 6 or 12 m and bundled. EN 10219 governs it (the hot-finished alternative, EN 10210, is rare and dearer). The closed shape is the point: for the same weight a square tube has far higher torsional and minor-axis stiffness than an angle or a channel, four flat faces to weld or bolt to, and no inside to paint. That makes it the universal fabrication section — from 15×15×1.2 furniture tube to 250×250×10 columns — and the reason the market calls it by a dozen names (box section, square pipe, MS square tube, kare profil). Our Dilovası mill rolls the range in S235JRH (ST37) as standard and S355J2H (ST52) in the structural sizes, from 1.2 to 10 mm wall; the table above is the actual production list with masses per EN 10219-2, not a catalogue copy. ### Square hollow section sizes and weight per metre Every size we roll, with wall, kg/m, kg per 6 m bar and bars per ton — from our production list; nominal mass per EN 10219-2. | Size (mm) | Wall (mm) | kg/m | kg per 6 m bar | Bars per ton | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 15 × 15 | 1.5 | 0.64 | 3.84 | 260 | | 15 × 15 | 2 | 0.82 | 4.92 | 203 | | 16 × 16 | 1.5 | 0.68 | 4.1 | 244 | | 20 × 20 | 1.5 | 0.85 | 5.1 | 196 | | 20 × 20 | 1.9 | 1.04 | 6.24 | 160 | | 20 × 20 | 2 | 1.09 | 6.54 | 153 | | 20 × 20 | 2.5 | 1.37 | 8.22 | 122 | | 25 × 25 | 1.5 | 1.07 | 6.42 | 156 | | 25 × 25 | 1.9 | 1.32 | 7.92 | 126 | | 25 × 25 | 2 | 1.38 | 8.28 | 121 | | 25 × 25 | 2.5 | 1.73 | 10.38 | 96 | | 25 × 25 | 3 | 2.05 | 12.3 | 81 | | 30 × 30 | 1.5 | 1.26 | 7.56 | 132 | | 30 × 30 | 1.9 | 1.56 | 9.36 | 107 | | 30 × 30 | 2 | 1.64 | 9.84 | 102 | | 30 × 30 | 2.5 | 2.06 | 12.36 | 81 | | 30 × 30 | 3 | 2.45 | 14.7 | 68 | | 30 × 30 | 4 | 3.18 | 19.08 | 52 | | 35 × 35 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 9 | 111 | | 35 × 35 | 2 | 1.95 | 11.7 | 85 | | 35 × 35 | 2.5 | 2.39 | 14.34 | 70 | | 35 × 35 | 3 | 2.82 | 16.92 | 59 | | 40 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.67 | 10.02 | 100 | | 40 × 40 | 1.9 | 2.08 | 12.48 | 80 | | 40 × 40 | 2 | 2.18 | 13.08 | 76 | | 40 × 40 | 2.4 | 2.58 | 15.48 | 65 | | 40 × 40 | 2.5 | 2.69 | 16.14 | 62 | | 40 × 40 | 2.9 | 3.09 | 18.54 | 54 | | 40 × 40 | 3 | 3.22 | 19.32 | 52 | | 40 × 40 | 4 | 4.19 | 25.14 | 40 | | 40 × 40 | 5 | 5.13 | 30.78 | 32 | | 45 × 45 | 1.5 | 1.91 | 11.46 | 87 | | 45 × 45 | 2 | 2.5 | 15 | 67 | | 45 × 45 | 2.5 | 3.09 | 18.54 | 54 | | 45 × 45 | 3 | 3.66 | 21.96 | 46 | | 45 × 45 | 4 | 4.77 | 28.62 | 35 | | 45 × 45 | 5 | 5.85 | 35.1 | 28 | | 50 × 50 | 1.5 | 1.83 | 10.98 | 91 | | 50 × 50 | 1.9 | 2.28 | 13.68 | 73 | | 50 × 50 | 2 | 2.39 | 14.34 | 70 | | 50 × 50 | 2.4 | 2.83 | 16.98 | 59 | | 50 × 50 | 2.5 | 2.95 | 17.7 | 56 | | 50 × 50 | 2.9 | 3.4 | 20.4 | 49 | | 50 × 50 | 3 | 3.55 | 21.3 | 47 | | 50 × 50 | 4 | 4.66 | 27.96 | 36 | | 50 × 50 | 5 | 5.74 | 34.44 | 29 | | 60 × 60 | 1.5 | 2.25 | 13.5 | 74 | | 60 × 60 | 1.9 | 2.78 | 16.68 | 60 | | 60 × 60 | 2 | 2.91 | 17.46 | 57 | | 60 × 60 | 2.4 | 3.43 | 20.58 | 49 | | 60 × 60 | 2.5 | 3.58 | 21.48 | 47 | | 60 × 60 | 2.9 | 4.17 | 25.02 | 40 | | 60 × 60 | 3 | 4.36 | 26.16 | 38 | | 60 × 60 | 4 | 5.73 | 34.38 | 29 | | 60 × 60 | 5 | 7.07 | 42.42 | 24 | | 70 × 70 | 1.5 | 2.67 | 16.02 | 62 | | 70 × 70 | 1.9 | 3.35 | 20.1 | 50 | | 70 × 70 | 2 | 3.5 | 21 | 48 | | 70 × 70 | 2.4 | 4 | 24 | 42 | | 70 × 70 | 2.5 | 4.17 | 25.02 | 40 | | 70 × 70 | 2.9 | 4.88 | 29.28 | 34 | | 70 × 70 | 3 | 5.1 | 30.6 | 33 | | 70 × 70 | 4 | 6.73 | 40.38 | 25 | | 70 × 70 | 5 | 8.32 | 49.92 | 20 | | 70 × 70 | 6 | 10 | 60 | 17 | | 75 × 75 | 2 | 3.76 | 22.56 | 44 | | 75 × 75 | 3 | 5.57 | 33.42 | 30 | | 80 × 80 | 1.5 | 3.08 | 18.48 | 54 | | 80 × 80 | 1.9 | 3.83 | 22.98 | 44 | | 80 × 80 | 2 | 4.01 | 24.06 | 42 | | 80 × 80 | 2.4 | 4.79 | 28.74 | 35 | | 80 × 80 | 2.5 | 5 | 30 | 33 | | 80 × 80 | 2.9 | 5.82 | 34.92 | 29 | | 80 × 80 | 3 | 6.1 | 36.6 | 27 | | 80 × 80 | 4 | 8.06 | 48.36 | 21 | | 80 × 80 | 5 | 10 | 60 | 17 | | 80 × 80 | 6 | 12.07 | 72.42 | 14 | | 90 × 90 | 2 | 5.53 | 33.16 | 30 | | 90 × 90 | 2.4 | 6.6 | 39.61 | 25 | | 90 × 90 | 2.5 | 6.87 | 41.21 | 24 | | 90 × 90 | 2.9 | 7.93 | 47.59 | 21 | | 90 × 90 | 3 | 8.2 | 49.17 | 20 | | 90 × 90 | 4 | 10.8 | 64.81 | 15 | | 90 × 90 | 5 | 13.35 | 80.07 | 12 | | 90 × 90 | 6 | 15.83 | 94.96 | 11 | | 100 × 100 | 2 | 5.05 | 30.3 | 33 | | 100 × 100 | 2.4 | 6.06 | 36.36 | 28 | | 100 × 100 | 2.5 | 6.33 | 37.98 | 26 | | 100 × 100 | 2.9 | 7.35 | 44.1 | 23 | | 100 × 100 | 3 | 7.67 | 46.02 | 22 | | 100 × 100 | 4 | 10.16 | 60.96 | 16 | | 100 × 100 | 5 | 12.6 | 75.6 | 13 | | 100 × 100 | 6 | 15.36 | 92.16 | 11 | | 100 × 100 | 8 | 20.46 | 122.76 | 8 | | 110 × 110 | 2.5 | 8.44 | 50.63 | 20 | | 110 × 110 | 3 | 10.08 | 60.47 | 17 | | 110 × 110 | 4 | 13.31 | 79.88 | 13 | | 110 × 110 | 5 | 16.49 | 98.91 | 10 | | 110 × 110 | 6 | 19.59 | 117.56 | 9 | | 110 × 110 | 8 | 25.62 | 153.73 | 7 | | 120 × 120 | 2.5 | 7.68 | 46.08 | 22 | | 120 × 120 | 3 | 9.29 | 55.74 | 18 | | 120 × 120 | 4 | 12.36 | 74.16 | 13 | | 120 × 120 | 5 | 15.42 | 92.52 | 11 | | 120 × 120 | 6 | 18.79 | 112.74 | 9 | | 120 × 120 | 8 | 25.49 | 152.94 | 7 | | 140 × 140 | 3 | 10.91 | 65.46 | 15 | | 140 × 140 | 4 | 14.54 | 87.24 | 11 | | 140 × 140 | 5 | 18.14 | 108.84 | 9 | | 140 × 140 | 6 | 22.18 | 133.08 | 8 | | 140 × 140 | 8 | 30.16 | 180.96 | 6 | | 150 × 150 | 3 | 11.68 | 70.08 | 14 | | 150 × 150 | 4 | 15.57 | 93.42 | 11 | | 150 × 150 | 5 | 19.44 | 116.64 | 9 | | 150 × 150 | 6 | 23.75 | 142.5 | 7 | | 150 × 150 | 8 | 32.32 | 193.92 | 5 | | 175 × 175 | 3 | 13.71 | 82.26 | 12 | | 175 × 175 | 4 | 18.28 | 109.68 | 9 | | 175 × 175 | 5 | 22.83 | 136.98 | 7 | | 175 × 175 | 6 | 27.94 | 167.64 | 6 | | 175 × 175 | 8 | 38.07 | 228.42 | 4 | | 200 × 200 | 4 | 21 | 126 | 8 | | 200 × 200 | 5 | 26.24 | 157.44 | 6 | | 200 × 200 | 6 | 32.13 | 192.78 | 5 | | 200 × 200 | 8 | 43.83 | 262.98 | 4 | | 200 × 200 | 10 | 56.94 | 341.64 | 3 | | 250 × 250 | 5 | 33.07 | 198.42 | 5 | | 250 × 250 | 6 | 40.51 | 243.06 | 4 | | 250 × 250 | 8 | 55.35 | 332.1 | 3 | | 250 × 250 | 10 | 74.07 | 444.42 | 2 | _Nominal mass per EN 10219-2 with corner radii; 6 m standard length, 12 m on request._ ### Grades, standards and tolerances | Grade / standard | Yield (MPa) | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | S235JRH — EN 10219-1 | ≥ 235 | the standard grade for all black sections from stock | | S275J0H | ≥ 275 | to order | | S355J2H | ≥ 355 | thick-wall and structural sections, stock in common sizes | | ST37 / ST52 | 235 / 355 | DIN names still used in tenders | | ASTM A500 Gr. B / C | 290 / 345 | ASTM projects, to order | _Cold-formed to EN 10219-1/2 (tolerances: outside dimension ±1 %, wall ±10 %, straightness 0.2 %, corner radius 1.6–2.4 t). CE-marked under EN 10219-1; strip certificates EN 10204 3.1._ ### Lengths and stock Standard length 6 m (+50/−0), 12 m on request for 60×60 and above; cut lengths on the mill saw to ±3 mm. Stock at Dilovası: 20×20 to 100×100 in the common walls (1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4 mm) in S235JRH; 100×100×5 to 150×150×6 in S355J2H; other combinations rolled within a week. Tolerances per EN 10219-2: outside dimension ±1 % (min ±0.5 mm), wall ±10 %, squareness 90° ±1°, straightness 0.2 % of length, twist 2 mm + 0.5 mm/m. ### Cutting, welding and finishing Sawing to length (straight or mitred), CNC laser tube cutting (holes, slots, notches, copes — our own 3D tube laser), drilling, bending on mandrel benders (40×40 and below), welding of frames and trusses, hot-dip galvanizing to EN ISO 1461 (vent holes drilled), blast-and-prime or powder coating. Fabricated assemblies to EN 1090-2 EXC2 on request. ### Where it is used - Columns, posts and truss members in light steel buildings - Fence, gate, railing and balustrade frames - Machine guards, racks, workbenches and furniture - Trailer, truck-body and container frames - Solar mounting structures and greenhouse frames - Sign gantries, canopies and shade structures ### SHS vs RHS vs round tube Square (SHS) gives equal stiffness both ways and four flat faces — the default for columns, frames and anything bolted on two axes. Rectangular (RHS) puts more depth in one direction for beams and rails. Round tube is cheaper per kilogram of bending strength in torsion and is easier to bend, but harder to connect flat. All three come off the same mill; see the overview hollow sections and the coated variants galvanized square tube, cold-rolled box section and pre-painted box section. ### Price Square tube is priced per ton on our tube-mill list; the bands below separate the volume range (40–120 mm), the thin-wall small sizes (higher per ton because of strip and speed) and the heavy sizes. S355J2H adds the grade premium; cutting, galvanizing and laser work are per piece. - SHS 40×40–120×120 · S235JRH: USD 760–1210 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - SHS 15×15–35×35 thin wall: USD 790–1240 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - SHS 140×140–250×250: USD 770–1200 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Packing for Square hollow sections: bundles of one size (0.8–2 t), four steel straps, corner boards, a tag with size × wall × length, grade, heat and count; coated sections are separated with paper. 6 m bundles fill a 40' HC at 24–25 t; 12 m on flat-rack or breakbulk from Derince. Tariff 7306.61. - Moq: 5 t (mixed sizes accepted) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock sizes 20×20–100×100: 2–5 working days; other sizes 5–10 days from the mill - Packing: Bundles 0.8–2 t, strapped, tagged - Container: 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t of 6 m; 12 m flat-rack - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1, CE DoP (EN 10219-1), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight above 100 t ### Certificates Every bundle of Square hollow sections is traceable to the strip heat: EN 10204 3.1 certificate with chemistry and mechanicals, our tube-mill inspection record (dimensions, weld flattening test) and the CE declaration to EN 10219-1; 3.2 on request. ### How to order Send size × wall × length, grade, quantity in pieces or tons (mixed sizes welcome), and any cutting, drilling or coating; a cut list or drawing gets a per-line weight and price. ### FAQ **What is a square hollow section?** A cold-formed, high-frequency-welded square steel tube to EN 10219 — also called square tube, box section or MS square pipe — from 15×15 to 250×250 mm in walls of 1.2–10 mm. **What sizes of square tube do you make?** 22 sizes from 15×15 to 250×250 mm in 1.2–10 mm walls; the full production list with kg/m is in the table above. 20×20 to 100×100 are stocked daily. **How much does 40×40×2 square tube weigh?** 2.18 kg/m — 13.1 kg per 6 m bar, about 76 bars per ton; 50×50×3 is 4.31 kg/m and 100×100×4 is 11.7 kg/m. **What grade is square hollow section?** S235JRH to EN 10219-1 as standard (yield ≥ 235 MPa); S355J2H for structural sizes; ASTM A500 Gr. B/C to order. **What is the difference between EN 10219 and EN 10210 hollow sections?** EN 10219 sections are cold-formed and welded (ours); EN 10210 are hot-finished, with sharper corners and no cold-work residual stress, at a higher price and longer lead time. **Can square tube be galvanized?** Yes — hot-dip galvanized to EN ISO 1461 after fabrication (vent holes required) or supplied pre-galvanized from Z275 strip; see the galvanized square tube page. ## Rectangular Hollow Section (RHS) URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/sections/rectangular-hollow-section/ Where a beam needs depth and a column needs width, the rectangle wins: an 80×40×3 rail, a 100×200×5 purlin-free rafter, a 60×120 trailer chassis member. We roll the widest rectangular range in the Marmara region and keep the sizes that builders and body-makers order weekly on the ground. ### What is Rectangular hollow sections? A rectangular hollow section is the square tube's longer cousin: the same cold-forming and high-frequency welding from hot-rolled strip, sized to a rectangle whose depth is 1.5 to 3 times its width. The extra depth puts steel where a beam wants it, so an RHS resists bending about its strong axis far better than an SHS of the same weight while keeping a closed, torsion-stiff, easy-to-clad shape — which is why rafters, purlin-free portal frames, trailer chassis, side rails, gate and door frames and machine bases are built from it. EN 10219 sets the tolerances and the grades (S235JRH, S275J0H, S355J2H); the mass is calculated per EN 10219-2 with corner radii of 1.6–2.4 t. Our Dilovası mill rolls it from 10×20×1.2 (furniture tube) to 200×300×10 (structural), and the table above is the real list — every size, every wall, every weight — not a generic catalogue. S235JRH is the stock grade, S355J2H is rolled for the structural sizes above 100 mm. ### Rectangular hollow section sizes and weight per metre Our full rectangular production list: size, wall, kg/m, kg per 6 m bar and bars per ton; nominal mass per EN 10219-2. | Size (mm) | Wall (mm) | kg/m | kg per 6 m bar | Bars per ton | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 10 × 20 | 1.5 | 0.64 | 3.84 | 260 | | 10 × 20 | 2 | 0.82 | 4.92 | 203 | | 10 × 30 | 1.5 | 0.85 | 5.1 | 196 | | 10 × 30 | 1.9 | 1.08 | 6.48 | 154 | | 10 × 30 | 2 | 1.09 | 6.54 | 153 | | 10 × 30 | 2.5 | 1.37 | 8.24 | 121 | | 10 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.11 | 6.64 | 151 | | 10 × 40 | 2 | 1.44 | 8.66 | 115 | | 10 × 40 | 2.5 | 1.77 | 10.6 | 94 | | 10 × 50 | 1.5 | 1.34 | 8.05 | 124 | | 10 × 50 | 2 | 1.76 | 10.55 | 95 | | 15 × 25 | 1.5 | 0.85 | 5.1 | 196 | | 15 × 25 | 1.9 | 1.08 | 6.48 | 154 | | 15 × 25 | 2 | 1.09 | 6.54 | 153 | | 15 × 25 | 2.5 | 1.37 | 8.24 | 121 | | 15 × 30 | 1.5 | 0.99 | 5.93 | 169 | | 15 × 30 | 2 | 1.29 | 7.72 | 130 | | 15 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.23 | 7.35 | 136 | | 15 × 40 | 2 | 1.6 | 9.61 | 104 | | 15 × 45 | 1.5 | 1.34 | 8.05 | 124 | | 15 × 45 | 2 | 1.76 | 10.55 | 95 | | 20 × 30 | 1.5 | 1.07 | 6.42 | 156 | | 20 × 30 | 1.9 | 1.38 | 8.27 | 121 | | 20 × 30 | 2 | 1.38 | 8.28 | 121 | | 20 × 30 | 2.5 | 1.73 | 10.38 | 96 | | 20 × 30 | 3 | 2.05 | 12.3 | 81 | | 20 × 35 | 1.5 | 1.23 | 7.35 | 136 | | 20 × 35 | 2 | 1.6 | 9.61 | 104 | | 20 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.34 | 8.05 | 124 | | 20 × 40 | 1.9 | 1.68 | 10.06 | 99 | | 20 × 40 | 2 | 1.76 | 10.55 | 95 | | 20 × 40 | 2.5 | 2.16 | 12.95 | 77 | | 20 × 40 | 3 | 2.54 | 15.26 | 66 | | 20 × 40 | 4 | 3.27 | 19.6 | 51 | | 20 × 50 | 1.5 | 1.58 | 9.47 | 106 | | 20 × 50 | 2 | 2.07 | 12.43 | 80 | | 20 × 50 | 2.5 | 2.55 | 15.31 | 65 | | 20 × 50 | 3 | 3.01 | 18.08 | 55 | | 20 × 60 | 1.5 | 1.81 | 10.88 | 92 | | 20 × 60 | 2 | 2.39 | 14.32 | 70 | | 20 × 80 | 1.5 | 2.28 | 13.7 | 73 | | 20 × 80 | 2 | 3.01 | 18.08 | 55 | | 20 × 80 | 2.5 | 3.73 | 22.37 | 45 | | 20 × 80 | 3 | 4.43 | 26.56 | 38 | | 20 × 100 | 2 | 3.64 | 21.85 | 46 | | 25 × 35 | 1.5 | 1.34 | 8.05 | 124 | | 25 × 35 | 2 | 1.76 | 10.55 | 95 | | 25 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.46 | 8.76 | 114 | | 25 × 40 | 2 | 1.92 | 11.49 | 87 | | 25 × 40 | 2.5 | 2.36 | 14.13 | 71 | | 25 × 40 | 3 | 2.78 | 16.67 | 60 | | 25 × 50 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 10.18 | 98 | | 25 × 50 | 2 | 2.2 | 13.19 | 76 | | 25 × 50 | 2.5 | 2.75 | 16.49 | 61 | | 25 × 50 | 3 | 3.25 | 19.5 | 51 | | 30 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.49 | 8.94 | 112 | | 30 × 40 | 1.9 | 1.98 | 11.85 | 84 | | 30 × 40 | 2 | 1.93 | 11.58 | 86 | | 30 × 40 | 2.5 | 2.39 | 14.34 | 70 | | 30 × 40 | 3 | 2.83 | 16.98 | 59 | | 30 × 50 | 1.5 | 1.81 | 10.88 | 92 | | 30 × 50 | 1.9 | 2.27 | 13.64 | 73 | | 30 × 50 | 2 | 2.36 | 14.13 | 71 | | 30 × 50 | 2.4 | 2.83 | 17 | 59 | | 30 × 50 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 17.42 | 57 | | 30 × 50 | 2.9 | 3.38 | 20.27 | 49 | | 30 × 50 | 3 | 3.49 | 20.91 | 48 | | 30 × 50 | 4 | 4.52 | 27.13 | 37 | | 30 × 50 | 5 | 5.5 | 32.97 | 30 | | 30 × 60 | 1.5 | 2.05 | 12.29 | 81 | | 30 × 60 | 2 | 2.67 | 16.01 | 62 | | 30 × 60 | 2.5 | 3.34 | 20.02 | 50 | | 30 × 60 | 3 | 3.95 | 23.68 | 42 | | 30 × 60 | 4 | 5.15 | 30.9 | 32 | | 30 × 60 | 5 | 6.28 | 37.68 | 27 | | 30 × 70 | 1.5 | 2.28 | 13.7 | 73 | | 30 × 70 | 1.9 | 2.87 | 17.22 | 58 | | 30 × 70 | 2 | 3.01 | 18.08 | 55 | | 30 × 70 | 2.5 | 3.73 | 22.37 | 45 | | 30 × 70 | 3 | 4.43 | 26.56 | 38 | | 30 × 70 | 4 | 5.78 | 34.67 | 29 | | 30 × 80 | 1.5 | 2.52 | 15.12 | 66 | | 30 × 80 | 2 | 3.33 | 19.97 | 50 | | 30 × 80 | 2.5 | 4.12 | 24.73 | 40 | | 30 × 80 | 3 | 4.9 | 29.39 | 34 | | 30 × 80 | 4 | 6.41 | 38.44 | 26 | | 30 × 80 | 5 | 7.85 | 47.1 | 21 | | 30 × 90 | 2 | 3.64 | 21.85 | 46 | | 30 × 90 | 2.5 | 4.51 | 27.08 | 37 | | 30 × 90 | 3 | 5.37 | 32.21 | 31 | | 30 × 100 | 1.5 | 2.99 | 17.95 | 56 | | 30 × 100 | 2 | 3.96 | 23.74 | 42 | | 30 × 100 | 2.5 | 4.91 | 29.44 | 34 | | 30 × 100 | 3 | 5.84 | 35.04 | 29 | | 30 × 100 | 4 | 7.66 | 45.97 | 22 | | 30 × 100 | 5 | 9.42 | 56.52 | 18 | | 30 × 110 | 1.5 | 3.23 | 19.36 | 52 | | 40 × 50 | 1.5 | 1.91 | 11.46 | 87 | | 40 × 50 | 2 | 2.5 | 15 | 67 | | 40 × 50 | 2.5 | 3.09 | 18.54 | 54 | | 40 × 50 | 3 | 3.66 | 21.96 | 46 | | 40 × 50 | 4 | 5.15 | 30.9 | 32 | | 40 × 50 | 5 | 6.28 | 37.68 | 27 | | 40 × 60 | 1.5 | 1.83 | 10.98 | 91 | | 40 × 60 | 1.9 | 2.87 | 17.22 | 58 | | 40 × 60 | 2 | 2.39 | 14.34 | 70 | | 40 × 60 | 2.4 | 3.59 | 21.52 | 46 | | 40 × 60 | 2.5 | 2.95 | 17.7 | 56 | | 40 × 60 | 2.9 | 4.29 | 25.73 | 39 | | 40 × 60 | 3 | 3.55 | 21.3 | 47 | | 40 × 60 | 4 | 5.77 | 34.64 | 29 | | 40 × 60 | 5 | 7.07 | 42.39 | 24 | | 40 × 70 | 1.5 | 2.52 | 15.12 | 66 | | 40 × 70 | 2 | 3.33 | 19.97 | 50 | | 40 × 70 | 2.5 | 4.12 | 24.73 | 40 | | 40 × 70 | 3 | 4.9 | 29.39 | 34 | | 40 × 70 | 4 | 6.41 | 38.44 | 26 | | 40 × 70 | 5 | 7.85 | 47.1 | 21 | | 40 × 80 | 1.5 | 2.76 | 16.53 | 60 | | 40 × 80 | 1.9 | 3.47 | 20.8 | 48 | | 40 × 80 | 2 | 3.61 | 21.66 | 46 | | 40 × 80 | 2.4 | 4.34 | 26.05 | 38 | | 40 × 80 | 2.5 | 4.51 | 27.08 | 37 | | 40 × 80 | 2.9 | 5.2 | 31.2 | 32 | | 40 × 80 | 3 | 5.32 | 31.91 | 31 | | 40 × 80 | 4 | 6.98 | 41.9 | 24 | | 40 × 80 | 5 | 8.64 | 51.81 | 19 | | 40 × 100 | 1.5 | 3.23 | 19.36 | 52 | | 40 × 100 | 1.9 | 4.06 | 24.38 | 41 | | 40 × 100 | 2 | 4.27 | 25.62 | 39 | | 40 × 100 | 2.4 | 5.09 | 30.56 | 33 | | 40 × 100 | 2.5 | 5.3 | 31.79 | 31 | | 40 × 100 | 2.9 | 6.11 | 36.66 | 27 | | 40 × 100 | 3 | 6.31 | 37.87 | 26 | | 40 × 100 | 4 | 8.29 | 49.74 | 20 | | 40 × 100 | 5 | 10.21 | 61.23 | 16 | | 40 × 100 | 6 | 12.06 | 72.35 | 14 | | 40 × 120 | 2 | 4.9 | 29.39 | 34 | | 40 × 120 | 2.5 | 6.08 | 36.5 | 27 | | 40 × 120 | 3 | 7.25 | 43.52 | 23 | | 40 × 120 | 4 | 9.55 | 57.28 | 17 | | 40 × 120 | 5 | 11.78 | 70.65 | 14 | | 40 × 130 | 2.5 | 6.48 | 38.86 | 26 | | 40 × 130 | 3 | 7.72 | 46.34 | 22 | | 40 × 130 | 4 | 10.17 | 61.04 | 16 | | 40 × 130 | 5 | 12.56 | 75.36 | 13 | | 40 × 140 | 3 | 8.2 | 49.17 | 20 | | 40 × 140 | 4 | 10.8 | 64.81 | 15 | | 40 × 140 | 5 | 13.35 | 80.07 | 12 | | 50 × 60 | 1.5 | 2.52 | 15.12 | 66 | | 50 × 60 | 2 | 3.33 | 19.97 | 50 | | 50 × 60 | 2.5 | 4.12 | 24.73 | 40 | | 50 × 60 | 3 | 4.9 | 29.39 | 34 | | 50 × 60 | 4 | 6.41 | 38.44 | 26 | | 50 × 60 | 5 | 7.85 | 47.1 | 21 | | 50 × 70 | 2 | 3.64 | 21.85 | 46 | | 50 × 70 | 2.5 | 4.51 | 27.08 | 37 | | 50 × 70 | 3 | 5.37 | 32.21 | 31 | | 50 × 70 | 4 | 7.03 | 42.2 | 24 | | 50 × 70 | 5 | 8.64 | 51.81 | 19 | | 50 × 80 | 1.5 | 2.73 | 16.38 | 61 | | 50 × 80 | 2 | 3.55 | 21.3 | 47 | | 50 × 80 | 2.5 | 4.37 | 26.22 | 38 | | 50 × 80 | 3 | 5.18 | 31.08 | 32 | | 50 × 80 | 4 | 6.79 | 40.74 | 25 | | 50 × 80 | 5 | 9.42 | 56.52 | 18 | | 50 × 90 | 1.5 | 3.23 | 19.36 | 52 | | 50 × 90 | 1.9 | 4.06 | 24.38 | 41 | | 50 × 90 | 2 | 4.27 | 25.62 | 39 | | 50 × 90 | 2.4 | 5.09 | 30.56 | 33 | | 50 × 90 | 2.5 | 5.3 | 31.79 | 31 | | 50 × 90 | 2.9 | 6.11 | 36.66 | 27 | | 50 × 90 | 3 | 6.31 | 37.87 | 26 | | 50 × 90 | 4 | 8.29 | 49.74 | 20 | | 50 × 90 | 5 | 10.21 | 61.23 | 16 | | 50 × 90 | 6 | 12.06 | 72.35 | 14 | | 50 × 100 | 1.5 | 3.46 | 20.77 | 48 | | 50 × 100 | 1.9 | 4.36 | 26.17 | 38 | | 50 × 100 | 2 | 4.58 | 27.5 | 36 | | 50 × 100 | 2.4 | 5.47 | 32.83 | 30 | | 50 × 100 | 2.5 | 5.69 | 34.15 | 29 | | 50 × 100 | 2.9 | 6.57 | 39.39 | 25 | | 50 × 100 | 3 | 6.87 | 41.21 | 24 | | 50 × 100 | 4 | 9.02 | 54.14 | 18 | | 50 × 100 | 5 | 10.99 | 65.94 | 15 | | 50 × 100 | 6 | 13 | 78 | 13 | | 50 × 120 | 2.5 | 6.48 | 38.86 | 26 | | 50 × 120 | 3 | 7.72 | 46.34 | 22 | | 50 × 120 | 4 | 10.17 | 61.04 | 16 | | 50 × 120 | 5 | 12.56 | 75.36 | 13 | | 50 × 150 | 2 | 6.15 | 36.92 | 27 | | 50 × 150 | 2.5 | 7.65 | 45.92 | 22 | | 50 × 150 | 3 | 9.14 | 54.82 | 18 | | 50 × 150 | 4 | 12.06 | 72.35 | 14 | | 50 × 150 | 5 | 14.92 | 89.49 | 11 | | 50 × 150 | 6 | 17.71 | 106.26 | 9 | | 60 × 80 | 1.5 | 2.82 | 16.92 | 59 | | 60 × 80 | 1.9 | 4.06 | 24.38 | 41 | | 60 × 80 | 2 | 3.7 | 22.2 | 45 | | 60 × 80 | 2.4 | 5.09 | 30.56 | 33 | | 60 × 80 | 2.5 | 4.58 | 27.48 | 36 | | 60 × 80 | 2.9 | 6.11 | 36.66 | 27 | | 60 × 80 | 3 | 5.41 | 32.46 | 31 | | 60 × 80 | 4 | 7.06 | 42.36 | 24 | | 60 × 80 | 5 | 10.21 | 61.23 | 16 | | 60 × 80 | 6 | 12.06 | 72.35 | 14 | | 60 × 100 | 1.5 | 3.7 | 22.18 | 45 | | 60 × 100 | 1.9 | 4.66 | 27.95 | 36 | | 60 × 100 | 2 | 4.9 | 29.39 | 34 | | 60 × 100 | 2.4 | 5.85 | 35.09 | 28 | | 60 × 100 | 2.5 | 6.08 | 36.5 | 27 | | 60 × 100 | 2.9 | 7.02 | 42.13 | 24 | | 60 × 100 | 3 | 7.24 | 43.43 | 23 | | 60 × 100 | 4 | 9.52 | 57.14 | 17 | | 60 × 100 | 5 | 11.78 | 70.65 | 14 | | 60 × 100 | 6 | 13.94 | 83.65 | 12 | | 60 × 120 | 2 | 5.53 | 33.16 | 30 | | 60 × 120 | 2.4 | 6.6 | 39.61 | 25 | | 60 × 120 | 2.5 | 6.87 | 41.21 | 24 | | 60 × 120 | 2.9 | 7.93 | 47.59 | 21 | | 60 × 120 | 3 | 8.2 | 49.17 | 20 | | 60 × 120 | 4 | 11.03 | 66.19 | 15 | | 60 × 120 | 5 | 13.68 | 82.08 | 12 | | 60 × 120 | 6 | 15.83 | 94.96 | 11 | | 60 × 140 | 2.5 | 7.65 | 45.92 | 22 | | 60 × 140 | 3 | 9.14 | 54.82 | 18 | | 60 × 140 | 4 | 12.06 | 72.35 | 14 | | 60 × 140 | 5 | 14.92 | 89.49 | 11 | | 60 × 140 | 6 | 17.71 | 106.26 | 9 | | 70 × 100 | 2.5 | 6.48 | 38.86 | 26 | | 70 × 100 | 3 | 7.72 | 46.34 | 22 | | 70 × 100 | 4 | 10.17 | 61.04 | 16 | | 70 × 100 | 5 | 12.56 | 75.36 | 13 | | 70 × 110 | 3 | 8.2 | 49.17 | 20 | | 70 × 110 | 4 | 10.8 | 64.81 | 15 | | 70 × 110 | 5 | 13.35 | 80.07 | 12 | | 70 × 120 | 2 | 5.84 | 35.04 | 29 | | 70 × 120 | 2.5 | 7.26 | 43.57 | 23 | | 70 × 120 | 3 | 8.67 | 52 | 19 | | 80 × 100 | 2 | 4.51 | 27.06 | 37 | | 80 × 100 | 2.4 | 6.6 | 39.61 | 25 | | 80 × 100 | 2.5 | 5.59 | 33.54 | 30 | | 80 × 100 | 2.9 | 7.93 | 47.59 | 21 | | 80 × 100 | 3 | 6.61 | 39.66 | 25 | | 80 × 100 | 4 | 8.71 | 52.26 | 19 | | 80 × 100 | 5 | 13.35 | 80.07 | 12 | | 80 × 100 | 6 | 15.83 | 94.96 | 11 | | 80 × 120 | 2 | 4.97 | 29.82 | 34 | | 80 × 120 | 2.4 | 7.36 | 44.13 | 23 | | 80 × 120 | 2.5 | 6.19 | 37.14 | 27 | | 80 × 120 | 2.9 | 8.84 | 53.05 | 19 | | 80 × 120 | 3 | 7.37 | 44.22 | 23 | | 80 × 120 | 4 | 9.71 | 58.26 | 17 | | 80 × 120 | 5 | 14.92 | 89.49 | 11 | | 80 × 120 | 6 | 17.71 | 106.26 | 9 | | 80 × 120 | 8 | 23.11 | 138.66 | 7 | | 80 × 140 | 2.5 | 8.44 | 50.63 | 20 | | 80 × 140 | 3 | 10.08 | 60.47 | 17 | | 80 × 140 | 4 | 13.31 | 79.88 | 13 | | 80 × 140 | 5 | 16.49 | 98.91 | 10 | | 80 × 140 | 6 | 19.59 | 117.56 | 9 | | 80 × 140 | 8 | 25.62 | 153.73 | 7 | | 80 × 160 | 2.5 | 9.22 | 55.34 | 18 | | 80 × 160 | 3 | 11.02 | 66.13 | 15 | | 80 × 160 | 4 | 14.57 | 87.42 | 11 | | 80 × 160 | 5 | 18.06 | 108.33 | 9 | | 80 × 160 | 6 | 21.48 | 128.87 | 8 | | 80 × 160 | 8 | 28.13 | 168.8 | 6 | | 80 × 200 | 3 | 12.91 | 77.43 | 13 | | 80 × 200 | 4 | 17.08 | 102.49 | 10 | | 80 × 200 | 5 | 21.2 | 127.17 | 8 | | 80 × 200 | 6 | 25.25 | 151.48 | 7 | | 100 × 120 | 2.5 | 8.44 | 50.63 | 20 | | 100 × 120 | 3 | 10.08 | 60.47 | 17 | | 100 × 120 | 4 | 13.31 | 79.88 | 13 | | 100 × 120 | 5 | 16.49 | 98.91 | 10 | | 100 × 120 | 6 | 19.59 | 117.56 | 9 | | 100 × 120 | 8 | 25.62 | 153.73 | 7 | | 100 × 150 | 3 | 9.3 | 55.8 | 18 | | 100 × 150 | 4 | 12.3 | 73.8 | 14 | | 100 × 150 | 5 | 19.31 | 115.83 | 9 | | 100 × 150 | 6 | 22.42 | 134.52 | 7 | | 100 × 150 | 8 | 29.39 | 176.34 | 6 | | 100 × 180 | 3 | 12.91 | 77.43 | 13 | | 100 × 180 | 4 | 17.08 | 102.49 | 10 | | 100 × 180 | 5 | 21.2 | 127.17 | 8 | | 100 × 180 | 6 | 25.25 | 151.48 | 7 | | 100 × 200 | 3 | 11.68 | 70.08 | 14 | | 100 × 200 | 4 | 15.57 | 93.42 | 11 | | 100 × 200 | 5 | 22.77 | 136.59 | 7 | | 100 × 200 | 6 | 27.13 | 162.78 | 6 | | 100 × 200 | 8 | 35.67 | 214.02 | 5 | | 150 × 200 | 3 | 13.71 | 82.26 | 12 | | 150 × 200 | 4 | 18.28 | 109.68 | 9 | | 150 × 200 | 5 | 26.69 | 160.14 | 6 | | 150 × 200 | 6 | 31.84 | 191.04 | 5 | | 150 × 200 | 8 | 41.95 | 251.7 | 4 | | 150 × 250 | 4 | 24.62 | 147.71 | 7 | | 150 × 250 | 5 | 30.62 | 183.69 | 5 | | 150 × 250 | 6 | 36.55 | 219.3 | 5 | | 150 × 250 | 8 | 48.23 | 289.38 | 3 | | 150 × 250 | 10 | 59.66 | 357.96 | 3 | | 200 × 300 | 5 | 33.07 | 198.42 | 5 | | 200 × 300 | 6 | 45.97 | 275.82 | 4 | | 200 × 300 | 8 | 60.79 | 364.74 | 3 | | 200 × 300 | 10 | 75.36 | 452.16 | 2 | _Nominal mass per EN 10219-2; 6 m standard length, 12 m on request._ ### Grades, standards and tolerances | Grade / standard | Yield (MPa) | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | S235JRH — EN 10219-1 | ≥ 235 | the standard grade for all black sections from stock | | S275J0H | ≥ 275 | to order | | S355J2H | ≥ 355 | thick-wall and structural sections, stock in common sizes | | ST37 / ST52 | 235 / 355 | DIN names still used in tenders | | ASTM A500 Gr. B / C | 290 / 345 | ASTM projects, to order | _Cold-formed to EN 10219-1/2 (tolerances: outside dimension ±1 %, wall ±10 %, straightness 0.2 %, corner radius 1.6–2.4 t). CE-marked under EN 10219-1; strip certificates EN 10204 3.1._ ### Lengths and stock Standard 6 m (+50/−0), 12 m from 60×120 upward on request; cut lengths ±3 mm. Stock at Dilovası: 30×50 through 100×200 in 1.5–5 mm walls, S235JRH; 100×200×5/6 and 120×200×6 in S355J2H; the rest within a week. EN 10219-2 tolerances: outside dimensions ±1 % (min ±0.5 mm), wall ±10 %, concavity/convexity ≤ 0.8 %, twist 2 mm + 0.5 mm/m, straightness 0.2 %. ### Cutting, welding and finishing Sawing and mitring, 3D laser tube cutting (holes, slots, copes, bird-mouths for trusses), drilling, bending on the strong or weak axis (small sizes), welding into frames, chassis and trusses, hot-dip galvanizing to EN ISO 1461 with vent holes, blast-and-prime, powder coating. Fabricated parts to EN 1090-2 EXC2. ### Where it is used - Rafters, purlins and portal frames in light steel buildings - Trailer chassis, side rails and cross-members - Gate, door and window frames - Machine bases, conveyor frames and guards - Sign posts, canopies and shade structures - Furniture, shelving and display frames (small sizes) ### RHS vs SHS — which to choose If the member bends mainly in one direction (a beam, a rail, a rafter), the rectangle gives the same capacity for less weight; if it is a column, a post or a member loaded both ways, the square section is stiffer overall and easier to connect. Orientation matters: an RHS on its side loses most of its advantage. See the overview hollow sections, and the coated variants galvanized rectangular tube and pre-painted box section. ### Price Rectangular tube shares the tube-mill price list with square tube; the bands below separate the volume range, the thin-wall small sizes and the heavy sizes. S355J2H, cutting and coatings are added per ton or per piece. - RHS 40×80–100×200 · S235JRH: USD 760–1210 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - RHS 10×20–30×60 thin wall: USD 790–1240 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - RHS 120×200–200×300: USD 770–1200 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Packing for Rectangular hollow sections: bundles of one size (0.8–2 t), four steel straps, corner boards, a tag with size × wall × length, grade, heat and count; coated sections are separated with paper. 6 m bundles fill a 40' HC at 24–25 t; 12 m on flat-rack or breakbulk from Derince. Tariff 7306.61. - Moq: 5 t (mixed sizes accepted) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock sizes 30×50–100×200: 2–5 working days; others 5–10 days - Packing: Bundles 0.8–2 t, strapped, tagged - Container: 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t of 6 m; 12 m flat-rack - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1, CE DoP (EN 10219-1), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight above 100 t ### Certificates Documentation for Rectangular hollow sections: strip mill certificate EN 10204 3.1, our production record (size, wall, straightness, weld test), CE DoP under EN 10219-1; third-party 3.2 certificates on request. ### How to order Send size × wall × length, grade, quantities (pieces or tons, mixed sizes fine), processing and coating; we return weights per line and a firm price. ### FAQ **What is a rectangular hollow section?** A cold-formed, HF-welded rectangular steel tube to EN 10219 — rectangular tube, RHS or box section — from 10×20 to 200×300 mm in 1.2–10 mm walls. **How much does 40×80×2 rectangular tube weigh?** 3.60 kg/m — 21.6 kg per 6 m bar; 50×100×3 is 6.71 kg/m and 100×200×5 is 22.7 kg/m (see the table for every size). **What is the largest rectangular tube you make?** 200×300 mm with walls up to 10 mm; larger sections are supplied from partner mills to order. **Which way should an RHS be installed?** With the long side vertical (in the direction of the load) for beams and rafters — that is where the extra depth gives its strength. **What grade are rectangular hollow sections?** S235JRH as standard, S355J2H for structural sizes over 100 mm, ASTM A500 to order. ## Galvanized Square Tube URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/sections/galvanized-square-tube/ For fences, greenhouses, poultry houses, racks and any frame that lives outdoors but does not carry a building, pre-galvanized square tube is the economical answer: zinc from the mill, no post-treatment, no distortion, clean enough to powder-coat. Our mill rolls it from Z275 strip; the table is our own list. ### What is Galvanized square tube? Galvanized square tube comes in two very different products that share a name. The first — ours — is pre-galvanized: hot-dip galvanized strip (DX51D+Z275 to EN 10346, about 20 µm of zinc per side) is slit, roll-formed and high-frequency welded into a square tube; the weld seam, which loses its zinc in the heat, is metallised or zinc-sprayed in-line. The result is a bright, straight, spangle-free tube with the zinc everywhere except the cut ends, made at mill speed and priced only about 100 USD/t above black tube. The second is post-galvanized: a black S235JRH tube cut and fabricated, then dipped in a zinc bath to EN ISO 1461, which coats inside, outside and ends with 55–85 µm — two to three times the life, but with the cost, lead time and slight distortion of the dip. Pre-galvanized tube is right for fences, gates, greenhouses, racks, HVAC frames and light outdoor work with a 10–15 year horizon; post-galvanized for structures, guardrails and marine or ground-contact use. Our Dilovası mill rolls the pre-galvanized range from 20×20×1.35 to 100×100×3 and arranges hot-dip galvanizing for the rest. ### Galvanized square tube sizes and weight per metre Pre-galvanized sizes from our mill list — square and rectangular together; kg/m includes the zinc. | Size (mm) | Wall (mm) | kg/m | kg per 6 m bar | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 20 × 20 | 1.35 | 0.83 | 4.96 | | 20 × 20 | 1.8 | 1.07 | 6.44 | | 20 × 20 | 2.5 | 1.47 | 8.83 | | 20 × 30 | 1.4 | 1.07 | 6.4 | | 20 × 30 | 1.5 | 1.14 | 6.85 | | 20 × 30 | 1.8 | 1.37 | 8.22 | | 20 × 30 | 2 | 1.51 | 9.04 | | 20 × 30 | 2.5 | 1.87 | 11.19 | | 20 × 40 | 1.2 | 1.11 | 6.67 | | 20 × 40 | 1.35 | 1.25 | 7.5 | | 20 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.38 | 8.27 | | 20 × 40 | 1.8 | 1.64 | 9.83 | | 20 × 40 | 2 | 1.82 | 10.93 | | 20 × 40 | 2.5 | 2.26 | 13.54 | | 25 × 25 | 1.4 | 1.07 | 6.4 | | 25 × 40 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 8.37 | | 30 × 30 | 1.2 | 1.11 | 6.67 | | 30 × 30 | 1.35 | 1.24 | 7.44 | | 30 × 30 | 1.5 | 1.38 | 8.27 | | 30 × 30 | 1.8 | 1.64 | 9.83 | | 30 × 30 | 2 | 1.82 | 10.93 | | 30 × 30 | 2.5 | 2.26 | 13.54 | | 30 × 40 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 7.8 | | 30 × 40 | 1.35 | 1.45 | 8.71 | | 30 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.61 | 9.68 | | 30 × 40 | 1.8 | 1.92 | 11.53 | | 30 × 40 | 2 | 2.14 | 12.81 | | 30 × 40 | 3 | 3.18 | 19.08 | | 30 × 50 | 1.2 | 1.49 | 8.93 | | 30 × 50 | 1.35 | 1.66 | 9.98 | | 30 × 50 | 1.5 | 1.85 | 11.09 | | 30 × 50 | 1.8 | 2.21 | 13.23 | | 30 × 50 | 2 | 2.45 | 14.7 | | 30 × 50 | 2.5 | 3.04 | 18.25 | | 30 × 60 | 1.2 | 1.67 | 10 | | 30 × 60 | 2 | 2.76 | 16.58 | | 40 × 40 | 1.2 | 1.49 | 8.93 | | 40 × 40 | 1.35 | 1.66 | 9.98 | | 40 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.85 | 11.09 | | 40 × 40 | 1.8 | 2.21 | 13.23 | | 40 × 40 | 2 | 2.45 | 14.7 | | 40 × 40 | 2.5 | 3.04 | 18.25 | | 40 × 40 | 3 | 3.63 | 21.76 | | 40 × 50 | 2 | 2.76 | 16.58 | | 40 × 50 | 2.5 | 3.44 | 20.61 | | 40 × 50 | 3 | 4.07 | 24.44 | | 40 × 60 | 1.2 | 1.87 | 11.19 | | 40 × 60 | 1.35 | 2.09 | 12.53 | | 40 × 60 | 1.5 | 2.32 | 13.92 | | 40 × 60 | 1.8 | 2.77 | 16.62 | | 40 × 60 | 2 | 3.08 | 18.46 | | 40 × 60 | 2.5 | 3.83 | 22.96 | | 40 × 60 | 3 | 4.57 | 27.41 | | 40 × 80 | 1.4 | 2.61 | 15.63 | | 40 × 80 | 1.8 | 3.34 | 20.01 | | 40 × 80 | 2 | 3.71 | 22.23 | | 40 × 80 | 2.5 | 4.61 | 27.67 | | 40 × 80 | 3 | 5.49 | 32.92 | | 50 × 50 | 1.2 | 1.87 | 11.19 | | 50 × 50 | 1.35 | 2.09 | 12.53 | | 50 × 50 | 1.5 | 2.32 | 13.92 | | 50 × 50 | 1.8 | 2.77 | 16.62 | | 50 × 50 | 2 | 3.08 | 18.46 | | 50 × 50 | 2.5 | 3.83 | 22.96 | | 50 × 50 | 3 | 4.57 | 27.41 | | 50 × 100 | 2.5 | 5.61 | 33.68 | | 50 × 100 | 3 | 6.67 | 39.99 | | 60 × 60 | 1.2 | 2.23 | 13.4 | | 60 × 60 | 1.35 | 2.51 | 15.07 | | 60 × 60 | 1.5 | 2.79 | 16.74 | | 60 × 60 | 1.8 | 3.33 | 20 | | 60 × 60 | 2 | 3.69 | 22.14 | | 60 × 60 | 2.5 | 4.61 | 27.67 | | 60 × 60 | 3 | 5.51 | 33.06 | | 80 × 80 | 2.5 | 6.01 | 36.03 | | 80 × 80 | 3 | 7.14 | 42.81 | | 100 × 100 | 3 | 9.07 | 54.4 | _Roll-formed from DX51D+Z275 strip in our Dilovası tube mill; 6 m lengths._ ### Grades, standards and tolerances | Grade / standard | Yield (MPa) | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | DX51D+Z275 (pre-galvanized strip) | ≈ 280 (typ.) | the standard — no guaranteed yield, bending grade | | S250GD / S280GD+Z275 | ≥ 250 / 280 | structural pre-galvanized on request | | S235JRH + HDG EN ISO 1461 | ≥ 235 | black tube hot-dip galvanized after cutting | | S355J2H + HDG | ≥ 355 | structural, post-galvanized | _Pre-galvanized tube keeps EN 10219 dimensions; the Z275 coating is about 20 µm per side and the weld seam is zinc-repaired in-line. Post-galvanized tube carries 55–85 µm and needs vent holes._ ### Pre-galvanized vs hot-dip galvanized tube | | Pre-galvanized (from Z275 strip) | Hot-dip galvanized after fabrication | | --- | --- | --- | | Coating | ≈ 20 µm per side (Z275), weld seam sprayed | 55–85 µm, all surfaces incl. inside and cut ends | | Life (C3) | 10–15 years | 25–40 years | | Appearance | bright, smooth, spangle-free | grey, thicker, possible runs | | Straightness | unchanged (no heat) | may distort; needs straightening | | Sizes | 20×20–100×100, ≤ 3 mm | any, needs vent holes | | Price | base | +150–200 USD/t | | Best for | fences, greenhouses, racks, furniture, HVAC | structures, guardrails, marine, ground contact | ### Lengths and stock Length 6 m (+50/−0); cut lengths ±3 mm. Stock at Dilovası: 20×20, 25×25, 30×30, 40×40, 50×50, 60×60 in 1.35–2 mm; 80×80 and 100×100 in 2–3 mm rolled within a week. Dimensional tolerances per EN 10219-2; coating Z275 per EN 10346 (Z140 on request for painted parts). ### Cutting, welding and coating Saw and laser cutting leave a bare edge — spray with zinc-rich paint or accept it for indoor use. Welding pre-galvanized tube needs fume extraction; the seam is repaired with zinc paint. Powder coating adheres directly after degreasing (order Z140 M for the best paint base). For outdoor structures, guardrails and anything with a design life above 15 years we recommend black tube hot-dip galvanized after fabrication to EN ISO 1461 — priced per ton on top of the black tube. ### Where it is used - Fence, gate and railing frames - Greenhouse, poultry-house and shade-net frames - Racking, shelving and display stands - HVAC and duct support frames - Solar mounting for small installations - Playground, sports and sign frames ### Galvanized square tube vs black square tube Black square hollow section costs about 100 USD/t less and is the right choice for anything that will be painted or galvanized after fabrication; pre-galvanized tube saves the coating step for light outdoor frames. For rectangular sizes see galvanized rectangular tube; for the strip behind it, DX51D galvanized steel. ### Price Pre-galvanized tube is priced per ton on the galvanized-tube list — about 100 USD/t above black tube for the zinc and the strip. Hot-dip galvanizing after fabrication is quoted per ton of finished tube. Bands below. - Galvanized SHS 20×20–100×100 · Z275: USD 870–960 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - HDG after fabrication (EN ISO 1461): USD 940–1390 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Galvanized square tube is bundled in hexagonal or square packs of 0.8–2 t, strapped at four points with edge protectors, tagged with size, wall, grade, length and bar count; galvanized and painted bundles get paper or foam separators. A 40' HC takes 24–25 t of 6 m bars, a 20' about 20 t; 12 m bars go on flat-racks. HS 7306.61 (square/rectangular welded). - Moq: 5 t (mixed sizes accepted) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock 20×20–60×60: 2–5 working days; other sizes 5–10 days; HDG +7 days - Packing: Bundles 0.8–1.5 t, strapped with paper separators, tagged - Container: 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t of 6 m - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1, CE DoP (EN 10219-1), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight above 100 t ### Certificates Documentation for Galvanized square tube: strip mill certificate EN 10204 3.1, our production record (size, wall, straightness, weld test), CE DoP under EN 10219-1; third-party 3.2 certificates on request. ### How to order Send size × wall × length, quantity, coating (pre-galvanized Z275 / Z140, or HDG after cutting), any cutting or drilling, and the use — we advise between pre- and post-galvanized. ### FAQ **What is galvanized square tube?** Square hollow section rolled from hot-dip galvanized (Z275) strip, so the zinc is applied at the mill before forming — bright, straight and paintable; or black tube hot-dip galvanized after fabrication for heavier protection. **What is the difference between pre-galvanized and hot-dip galvanized tube?** Pre-galvanized carries about 20 µm of zinc from the strip (Z275) and a repaired seam; hot-dip after fabrication carries 55–85 µm on all surfaces including the inside and cut ends, lasts 2–3 times longer and costs 150–200 USD/t more. **What sizes of galvanized square tube do you make?** 20×20 to 100×100 mm in 1.35–3 mm walls pre-galvanized; any black size can be hot-dip galvanized after cutting. **Can galvanized square tube be welded?** Yes with fume extraction; the zinc burns off 1–2 mm around the weld and is repaired with zinc-rich paint. For structural welds use black tube and galvanize afterwards. **How long does galvanized square tube last outdoors?** Pre-galvanized Z275: 10–15 years to first rust in a normal urban climate; hot-dip galvanized after fabrication: 25–40 years. ## Galvanized Rectangular Tube URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/sections/galvanized-rectangular-tube/ A gate needs rails, a greenhouse needs purlins, a rack needs beams — rectangular members that see weather but not heavy loads. Pre-galvanized rectangular tube does that job at the lowest cost per metre, and our mill rolls it from the same Z275 strip as the square range. ### What is Galvanized rectangular tube? Galvanized rectangular tube is the rectangular twin of our pre-galvanized square range: DX51D+Z275 strip from EN 10346, slit, roll-formed to a rectangle and HF-welded, with the seam zinc-repaired in line, in 20×30 to 50×100 mm and 1.35–3 mm walls. The zinc (about 20 µm per side) protects for 10–15 years in a temperate outdoor climate without paint, and the smooth, spangle-free surface takes powder coating after a simple degrease. Because the rectangle gives depth in one direction, it is the rail and beam member of the same light outdoor frames the square tube provides the posts for — gate rails, greenhouse purlins, rack beams, pergola members, sign frames. For structural or long-life use we supply black S235JRH/S355J2H rectangular tube hot-dip galvanized after fabrication to EN ISO 1461 instead. ### Galvanized rectangular tube sizes and weight per metre Our pre-galvanized mill list (square and rectangular sizes); kg/m includes the Z275 coating. | Size (mm) | Wall (mm) | kg/m | kg per 6 m bar | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 20 × 20 | 1.35 | 0.83 | 4.96 | | 20 × 20 | 1.8 | 1.07 | 6.44 | | 20 × 20 | 2.5 | 1.47 | 8.83 | | 20 × 30 | 1.4 | 1.07 | 6.4 | | 20 × 30 | 1.5 | 1.14 | 6.85 | | 20 × 30 | 1.8 | 1.37 | 8.22 | | 20 × 30 | 2 | 1.51 | 9.04 | | 20 × 30 | 2.5 | 1.87 | 11.19 | | 20 × 40 | 1.2 | 1.11 | 6.67 | | 20 × 40 | 1.35 | 1.25 | 7.5 | | 20 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.38 | 8.27 | | 20 × 40 | 1.8 | 1.64 | 9.83 | | 20 × 40 | 2 | 1.82 | 10.93 | | 20 × 40 | 2.5 | 2.26 | 13.54 | | 25 × 25 | 1.4 | 1.07 | 6.4 | | 25 × 40 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 8.37 | | 30 × 30 | 1.2 | 1.11 | 6.67 | | 30 × 30 | 1.35 | 1.24 | 7.44 | | 30 × 30 | 1.5 | 1.38 | 8.27 | | 30 × 30 | 1.8 | 1.64 | 9.83 | | 30 × 30 | 2 | 1.82 | 10.93 | | 30 × 30 | 2.5 | 2.26 | 13.54 | | 30 × 40 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 7.8 | | 30 × 40 | 1.35 | 1.45 | 8.71 | | 30 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.61 | 9.68 | | 30 × 40 | 1.8 | 1.92 | 11.53 | | 30 × 40 | 2 | 2.14 | 12.81 | | 30 × 40 | 3 | 3.18 | 19.08 | | 30 × 50 | 1.2 | 1.49 | 8.93 | | 30 × 50 | 1.35 | 1.66 | 9.98 | | 30 × 50 | 1.5 | 1.85 | 11.09 | | 30 × 50 | 1.8 | 2.21 | 13.23 | | 30 × 50 | 2 | 2.45 | 14.7 | | 30 × 50 | 2.5 | 3.04 | 18.25 | | 30 × 60 | 1.2 | 1.67 | 10 | | 30 × 60 | 2 | 2.76 | 16.58 | | 40 × 40 | 1.2 | 1.49 | 8.93 | | 40 × 40 | 1.35 | 1.66 | 9.98 | | 40 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.85 | 11.09 | | 40 × 40 | 1.8 | 2.21 | 13.23 | | 40 × 40 | 2 | 2.45 | 14.7 | | 40 × 40 | 2.5 | 3.04 | 18.25 | | 40 × 40 | 3 | 3.63 | 21.76 | | 40 × 50 | 2 | 2.76 | 16.58 | | 40 × 50 | 2.5 | 3.44 | 20.61 | | 40 × 50 | 3 | 4.07 | 24.44 | | 40 × 60 | 1.2 | 1.87 | 11.19 | | 40 × 60 | 1.35 | 2.09 | 12.53 | | 40 × 60 | 1.5 | 2.32 | 13.92 | | 40 × 60 | 1.8 | 2.77 | 16.62 | | 40 × 60 | 2 | 3.08 | 18.46 | | 40 × 60 | 2.5 | 3.83 | 22.96 | | 40 × 60 | 3 | 4.57 | 27.41 | | 40 × 80 | 1.4 | 2.61 | 15.63 | | 40 × 80 | 1.8 | 3.34 | 20.01 | | 40 × 80 | 2 | 3.71 | 22.23 | | 40 × 80 | 2.5 | 4.61 | 27.67 | | 40 × 80 | 3 | 5.49 | 32.92 | | 50 × 50 | 1.2 | 1.87 | 11.19 | | 50 × 50 | 1.35 | 2.09 | 12.53 | | 50 × 50 | 1.5 | 2.32 | 13.92 | | 50 × 50 | 1.8 | 2.77 | 16.62 | | 50 × 50 | 2 | 3.08 | 18.46 | | 50 × 50 | 2.5 | 3.83 | 22.96 | | 50 × 50 | 3 | 4.57 | 27.41 | | 50 × 100 | 2.5 | 5.61 | 33.68 | | 50 × 100 | 3 | 6.67 | 39.99 | | 60 × 60 | 1.2 | 2.23 | 13.4 | | 60 × 60 | 1.35 | 2.51 | 15.07 | | 60 × 60 | 1.5 | 2.79 | 16.74 | | 60 × 60 | 1.8 | 3.33 | 20 | | 60 × 60 | 2 | 3.69 | 22.14 | | 60 × 60 | 2.5 | 4.61 | 27.67 | | 60 × 60 | 3 | 5.51 | 33.06 | | 80 × 80 | 2.5 | 6.01 | 36.03 | | 80 × 80 | 3 | 7.14 | 42.81 | | 100 × 100 | 3 | 9.07 | 54.4 | _Roll-formed from DX51D+Z275 strip in our Dilovası tube mill; 6 m lengths._ ### Grades, standards and tolerances | Grade / standard | Yield (MPa) | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | DX51D+Z275 (pre-galvanized strip) | ≈ 280 (typ.) | standard bending grade | | S250GD / S280GD+Z275 | ≥ 250 / 280 | structural pre-galvanized on request | | S235JRH + HDG EN ISO 1461 | ≥ 235 | post-galvanized black tube | | S355J2H + HDG | ≥ 355 | structural, post-galvanized | _EN 10219 dimensions and tolerances; Z275 ≈ 20 µm per side; seam zinc-repaired in-line._ ### Lengths and stock Length 6 m (+50/−0); cut lengths ±3 mm. Stock: 20×30, 20×40, 30×40, 30×50, 40×60, 40×80 in 1.35–2 mm; 50×100 in 2–3 mm within a week. Tolerances EN 10219-2; coating per EN 10346. ### Cutting, welding and coating As for galvanized square tube: cut ends and welds are zinc-sprayed, fume extraction when welding, powder coating after degreasing. For structural or long-life outdoor use, order black RHS and hot-dip galvanize after fabrication. ### Where it is used - Gate and fence rails, stiles and frames - Greenhouse purlins and side rails - Rack beams, shelving and display frames - Trailer and pick-up body superstructures (light) - Canopy and pergola members - Sign and advertising frames ### Pre-galvanized vs black rectangular tube Black rectangular hollow section is the choice for anything structural, welded heavily or galvanized afterwards; pre-galvanized RHS saves the coating step for light outdoor frames. Square sizes: galvanized square tube. ### Price Priced with the galvanized square tube per ton (about 100 USD/t over black); HDG after fabrication quoted per ton. Bands below. - Galvanized RHS 20×30–50×100 · Z275: USD 870–960 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - HDG after fabrication: USD 940–1390 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing We ship Galvanized rectangular tube in strapped bundles of 0.8–2 t per size and length, tagged and — for coated sections — paper-wrapped; 24–25 t of 6 m bars per 40' HC, 20 t per 20', 12 m by flat-rack. HS code 7306.61. - Moq: 5 t (mixed sizes accepted) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock 20×30–40×80: 2–5 working days; others 5–10 days; HDG +7 days - Packing: Bundles 0.8–1.5 t, strapped with paper separators - Container: 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t of 6 m - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1, CE DoP (EN 10219-1), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight above 100 t ### Certificates Documentation for Galvanized rectangular tube: strip mill certificate EN 10204 3.1, our production record (size, wall, straightness, weld test), CE DoP under EN 10219-1; third-party 3.2 certificates on request. ### How to order Send size × wall × length, quantity, coating (pre-galvanized or HDG), processing and use. ### FAQ **What sizes of galvanized rectangular tube are available?** 20×30 to 50×100 mm in 1.35–3 mm walls pre-galvanized from our mill; larger sizes as black tube hot-dip galvanized after cutting. **Is pre-galvanized rectangular tube suitable for structures?** For light frames yes; for load-bearing structures order S235JRH/S355J2H black tube and hot-dip galvanize it after fabrication (EN ISO 1461). **How much does 30×50×1.5 galvanized tube weigh?** About 1.8 kg/m including zinc — 10.8 kg per 6 m bar (see the table). ## Cold Rolled Box Section (DKP Tube) URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/sections/cold-rolled-box-section/ A chair leg, a shelf upright, a shop-fitting rail: parts you see and touch, painted or plated to a finish that black tube cannot give. Cold-rolled box section is that tube — 0.7 to 2 mm thin, smooth as the strip it came from — and we roll 190 sizes of it for the furniture and fittings industry from Istanbul to the Gulf. ### What is Cold-rolled (DKP) box sections? Cold-rolled box section — DKP tube in Turkish — is square or rectangular tube roll-formed and HF-welded from DC01 cold-rolled strip (EN 10130) instead of hot-rolled strip. The difference is entirely in the surface and the gauge: cold-rolled strip is scale-free, smooth (Ra ≈ 1 µm), lightly oiled and held to ±0.05 mm, so the tube comes out bright, uniform and thin — walls from 0.7 mm, where hot-rolled tube starts at 1.2–1.5 mm. That is what furniture, shop-fitting, lighting and appliance makers need: a tube that can be chrome-plated to a mirror, powder-coated without texture showing through, bent on a mandrel into a chair frame and welded with almost no spatter. It is not a structural product — there is no guaranteed yield and EN 10219 does not cover it — and it rusts quickly if left bare outdoors. Our Dilovası mill rolls 190 size/wall combinations from 10×10×0.7 to 90×90×2; the weld bead is removed outside as standard and inside on request for tubes that are bent or plated. ### Cold-rolled box section sizes and weight per metre Our DKP mill list — 190 size/wall combinations with kg/m and kg per 6 m bar. | Size (mm) | Wall (mm) | kg/m | kg per 6 m bar | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 10 × 10 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 1.22 | | 10 × 10 | 0.8 | 0.23 | 1.39 | | 10 × 10 | 0.9 | 0.26 | 1.54 | | 10 × 10 | 1 | 0.28 | 1.7 | | 10 × 10 | 1.2 | 0.33 | 1.99 | | 10 × 20 | 0.7 | 0.31 | 1.88 | | 10 × 20 | 0.8 | 0.36 | 2.14 | | 10 × 20 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 2.39 | | 10 × 20 | 1 | 0.44 | 2.64 | | 10 × 20 | 1.2 | 0.52 | 3.12 | | 10 × 20 | 1.5 | 0.64 | 3.82 | | 10 × 20 | 2 | 0.82 | 4.9 | | 10 × 30 | 0.7 | 0.42 | 2.54 | | 10 × 30 | 0.8 | 0.48 | 2.89 | | 10 × 30 | 0.9 | 0.54 | 3.24 | | 10 × 30 | 1 | 0.6 | 3.58 | | 10 × 30 | 1.2 | 0.71 | 4.25 | | 10 × 30 | 1.5 | 0.87 | 5.23 | | 10 × 30 | 2 | 1.13 | 6.78 | | 10 × 40 | 1 | 0.75 | 4.52 | | 10 × 40 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 5.38 | | 10 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.11 | 6.64 | | 10 × 40 | 2 | 1.44 | 8.66 | | 10 × 50 | 1.2 | 1.09 | 6.51 | | 10 × 50 | 1.5 | 1.34 | 8.05 | | 10 × 50 | 2 | 1.76 | 10.55 | | 15 × 15 | 0.7 | 0.31 | 1.88 | | 15 × 15 | 0.8 | 0.36 | 2.14 | | 15 × 15 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 2.39 | | 15 × 15 | 1 | 0.44 | 2.64 | | 15 × 15 | 1.2 | 0.52 | 3.12 | | 15 × 15 | 1.5 | 0.64 | 3.82 | | 15 × 15 | 2 | 0.82 | 4.9 | | 15 × 20 | 0.8 | 0.42 | 2.52 | | 15 × 20 | 0.9 | 0.47 | 2.81 | | 15 × 20 | 1 | 0.52 | 3.11 | | 15 × 20 | 1.2 | 0.61 | 3.68 | | 15 × 20 | 1.5 | 0.75 | 4.52 | | 15 × 25 | 0.7 | 0.42 | 2.54 | | 15 × 25 | 0.8 | 0.48 | 2.89 | | 15 × 25 | 0.9 | 0.54 | 3.24 | | 15 × 25 | 1 | 0.6 | 3.58 | | 15 × 25 | 1.2 | 0.71 | 4.25 | | 15 × 25 | 1.5 | 0.87 | 5.23 | | 15 × 25 | 2 | 1.13 | 6.78 | | 15 × 30 | 1 | 0.68 | 4.05 | | 15 × 30 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 4.82 | | 15 × 30 | 1.5 | 0.99 | 5.93 | | 15 × 30 | 2 | 1.29 | 7.72 | | 15 × 40 | 0.9 | 0.75 | 4.51 | | 15 × 40 | 1 | 0.83 | 4.99 | | 15 × 40 | 1.2 | 0.99 | 5.95 | | 15 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.23 | 7.35 | | 15 × 40 | 2 | 1.6 | 9.61 | | 20 × 20 | 0.7 | 0.42 | 2.54 | | 20 × 20 | 0.8 | 0.48 | 2.89 | | 20 × 20 | 0.9 | 0.54 | 3.24 | | 20 × 20 | 1 | 0.6 | 3.58 | | 20 × 20 | 1.2 | 0.71 | 4.25 | | 20 × 20 | 1.5 | 0.87 | 5.23 | | 20 × 20 | 2 | 1.13 | 6.78 | | 20 × 30 | 0.7 | 0.53 | 3.2 | | 20 × 30 | 0.8 | 0.61 | 3.65 | | 20 × 30 | 0.9 | 0.68 | 4.09 | | 20 × 30 | 1 | 0.75 | 4.52 | | 20 × 30 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 5.38 | | 20 × 30 | 1.5 | 1.11 | 6.64 | | 20 × 30 | 2 | 1.44 | 8.66 | | 20 × 35 | 0.9 | 0.75 | 4.51 | | 20 × 35 | 1 | 0.83 | 4.99 | | 20 × 35 | 1.2 | 0.99 | 5.95 | | 20 × 35 | 1.5 | 1.23 | 7.35 | | 20 × 35 | 2 | 1.6 | 9.61 | | 20 × 40 | 0.7 | 0.64 | 3.86 | | 20 × 40 | 0.8 | 0.73 | 4.4 | | 20 × 40 | 0.9 | 0.82 | 4.93 | | 20 × 40 | 1 | 0.91 | 5.47 | | 20 × 40 | 1.2 | 1.09 | 6.51 | | 20 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.34 | 8.05 | | 20 × 40 | 2 | 1.76 | 10.55 | | 20 × 50 | 0.9 | 0.96 | 5.78 | | 20 × 50 | 1 | 1.07 | 6.41 | | 20 × 50 | 1.2 | 1.27 | 7.64 | | 20 × 50 | 1.5 | 1.58 | 9.47 | | 20 × 50 | 2 | 2.07 | 12.43 | | 20 × 60 | 0.9 | 1.11 | 6.63 | | 20 × 60 | 1 | 1.23 | 7.35 | | 20 × 60 | 1.2 | 1.46 | 8.77 | | 20 × 60 | 1.5 | 1.81 | 10.88 | | 20 × 60 | 2 | 2.39 | 14.32 | | 20 × 80 | 1.2 | 1.84 | 11.03 | | 20 × 80 | 1.5 | 2.28 | 13.7 | | 20 × 80 | 2 | 3.01 | 18.08 | | 20 × 100 | 2 | 3.64 | 21.85 | | 25 × 25 | 0.7 | 0.53 | 3.2 | | 25 × 25 | 0.8 | 0.61 | 3.65 | | 25 × 25 | 0.9 | 0.68 | 4.09 | | 25 × 25 | 1 | 0.75 | 4.52 | | 25 × 25 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 5.38 | | 25 × 25 | 1.5 | 1.11 | 6.64 | | 25 × 25 | 2 | 1.44 | 8.66 | | 25 × 40 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 4.19 | | 25 × 40 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 4.78 | | 25 × 40 | 0.9 | 0.89 | 5.36 | | 25 × 40 | 1 | 0.99 | 5.93 | | 25 × 40 | 1.2 | 1.18 | 7.07 | | 25 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.46 | 8.76 | | 25 × 40 | 2 | 1.92 | 11.49 | | 25 × 50 | 0.9 | 1.03 | 6.2 | | 25 × 50 | 1 | 1.15 | 6.88 | | 25 × 50 | 1.2 | 1.37 | 8.21 | | 25 × 50 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 10.18 | | 25 × 50 | 2 | 2.23 | 13.37 | | 25 × 55 | 0.9 | 1.11 | 6.63 | | 25 × 55 | 1 | 1.23 | 7.35 | | 25 × 55 | 1.2 | 1.46 | 8.77 | | 25 × 55 | 1.5 | 1.81 | 10.88 | | 25 × 55 | 2 | 2.39 | 14.32 | | 30 × 30 | 0.7 | 0.64 | 3.86 | | 30 × 30 | 0.8 | 0.73 | 4.4 | | 30 × 30 | 0.9 | 0.82 | 4.93 | | 30 × 30 | 1 | 0.91 | 5.47 | | 30 × 30 | 1.2 | 1.09 | 6.51 | | 30 × 30 | 1.5 | 1.34 | 8.05 | | 30 × 30 | 2 | 1.76 | 10.55 | | 30 × 40 | 0.8 | 0.86 | 5.15 | | 30 × 40 | 0.9 | 0.96 | 5.78 | | 30 × 40 | 1 | 1.07 | 6.41 | | 30 × 40 | 1.2 | 1.27 | 7.64 | | 30 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.58 | 9.47 | | 30 × 40 | 2 | 2.07 | 12.43 | | 30 × 50 | 0.8 | 0.99 | 5.91 | | 30 × 50 | 0.9 | 1.11 | 6.63 | | 30 × 50 | 1 | 1.23 | 7.35 | | 30 × 50 | 1.2 | 1.46 | 8.77 | | 30 × 50 | 1.5 | 1.81 | 10.88 | | 30 × 50 | 2 | 2.39 | 14.32 | | 30 × 60 | 1 | 1.38 | 8.29 | | 30 × 60 | 1.2 | 1.65 | 9.9 | | 30 × 60 | 1.5 | 2.05 | 12.29 | | 30 × 60 | 2 | 2.7 | 16.2 | | 30 × 70 | 1 | 1.54 | 9.23 | | 30 × 70 | 1.2 | 1.84 | 11.03 | | 30 × 70 | 1.5 | 2.28 | 13.7 | | 30 × 70 | 2 | 3.01 | 18.08 | | 30 × 100 | 2 | 3.96 | 23.74 | | 35 × 35 | 0.9 | 0.96 | 5.78 | | 35 × 35 | 1 | 1.07 | 6.41 | | 35 × 35 | 1.2 | 1.27 | 7.64 | | 35 × 35 | 1.5 | 1.58 | 9.47 | | 35 × 35 | 2 | 2.07 | 12.43 | | 40 × 40 | 0.8 | 0.99 | 5.91 | | 40 × 40 | 0.9 | 1.11 | 6.63 | | 40 × 40 | 1 | 1.23 | 7.35 | | 40 × 40 | 1.2 | 1.46 | 8.77 | | 40 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.81 | 10.88 | | 40 × 40 | 2 | 2.39 | 14.32 | | 40 × 50 | 1 | 1.38 | 8.29 | | 40 × 50 | 1.2 | 1.65 | 9.9 | | 40 × 50 | 1.5 | 2.05 | 12.29 | | 40 × 50 | 2 | 2.7 | 16.2 | | 40 × 60 | 1.2 | 1.84 | 11.03 | | 40 × 60 | 1.5 | 2.28 | 13.7 | | 40 × 60 | 2 | 3.01 | 18.08 | | 40 × 80 | 1.2 | 2.22 | 13.3 | | 40 × 80 | 1.5 | 2.76 | 16.53 | | 40 × 80 | 2 | 3.64 | 21.85 | | 40 × 100 | 1.5 | 3.23 | 19.36 | | 40 × 100 | 2 | 4.27 | 25.62 | | 40 × 120 | 2 | 4.9 | 29.39 | | 45 × 45 | 1 | 1.38 | 8.29 | | 45 × 45 | 1.2 | 1.65 | 9.9 | | 45 × 45 | 1.5 | 2.05 | 12.29 | | 45 × 45 | 2 | 2.7 | 16.2 | | 50 × 50 | 1.2 | 1.84 | 11.03 | | 50 × 50 | 1.5 | 2.28 | 13.7 | | 50 × 50 | 2 | 3.01 | 18.08 | | 50 × 90 | 1.5 | 3.23 | 19.36 | | 50 × 90 | 2 | 4.27 | 25.62 | | 50 × 100 | 2 | 4.58 | 27.5 | | 60 × 60 | 1.2 | 2.22 | 13.3 | | 60 × 60 | 1.5 | 2.76 | 16.53 | | 60 × 60 | 2 | 3.64 | 21.85 | | 60 × 80 | 1.5 | 3.23 | 19.36 | | 60 × 80 | 2 | 4.27 | 25.62 | | 60 × 100 | 2 | 4.9 | 29.39 | | 60 × 120 | 2 | 5.53 | 33.16 | | 70 × 70 | 1.5 | 3.23 | 19.36 | | 70 × 70 | 2 | 4.27 | 25.62 | | 80 × 80 | 2 | 4.9 | 29.39 | | 80 × 100 | 2 | 5.53 | 33.16 | | 90 × 90 | 2 | 5.53 | 33.16 | _Roll-formed from DC01 cold-rolled strip; smooth oiled surface; 6 m lengths._ ### Grades, standards and tolerances | Grade / standard | Yield (MPa) | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | DC01 (EN 10130) | ≤ 280 (typ. 200–240) | the standard — smooth, formable, weldable | | DC03 / DC04 | ≤ 240 / 210 | for tube that is bent or swaged after welding | | S235JRH (hot-rolled black) | ≥ 235 | the structural alternative — see square hollow section | _Dimensions follow EN 10219 for size and squareness; wall tolerance ±0.08–0.12 mm (tighter than hot-rolled tube); surface smooth, lightly oiled; weld seam scarfed on request._ ### Surface and finishing | Finish | Preparation | Result | | --- | --- | --- | | Powder coating | degrease (alkaline), optional phosphate | smooth, uniform — no scale texture | | Chrome / nickel plating | degrease, polish (bright strip on request) | mirror finish on 0.7–1.2 mm tube | | Wet paint | degrease, primer | furniture-grade finish | | Bare, oiled | — | indoor use within 3–6 months | _Cold-rolled tube is uncoated: it rusts outdoors within weeks if left bare. For outdoor frames use pre-galvanized tube._ ### Lengths and stock Length 6 m (+30/−0), cut lengths ±2 mm on the mill saw. Stock at Dilovası: 15×15, 20×20, 25×25, 30×30, 40×40, 50×50 and 20×40, 25×50, 30×60 in 1.0–1.5 mm; other sizes and walls rolled within a week. Squareness and straightness to EN 10219-2; wall ±0.08–0.12 mm; weld bead removed outside, inside scarfing on request. ### Cutting, bending, welding and finishing Cold saw and laser tube cutting with clean, burr-free ends; mandrel or roll bending for chair and rack frames; swaging, flattening and hole-punching in-line; MIG / TIG / spot welding with minimal spatter on the clean surface; polishing for plating; powder coating and plating by the customer or through our partners. ### Where it is used - Office, school and hospital furniture frames - Shop fittings, display stands and racks - Lighting poles, lamp bodies and stands - Bicycle, fitness and playground equipment - White-goods and appliance frames - Decorative railings and interior partitions ### Cold-rolled vs hot-rolled box section Hot-rolled square hollow section is stronger per ton, cheaper and structural, but scaled and available only from 1.2–1.5 mm. Cold-rolled box section is thinner (0.7 mm), smoother, tighter in tolerance and finish-ready, at about 150 USD/t more — the choice wherever the tube is seen. For a coloured tube without painting see pre-painted box section; for outdoor use galvanized square tube. ### Price DKP tube is priced per ton on our cold-rolled tube list — above black tube for the strip and the light gauges. The bands below separate the volume range and the very small sizes (highest per ton). Cutting and bending per piece. - DKP box section 20×20–60×60 · 0.7–2 mm: USD 950–1270 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - DKP box section 10×10–15×15: USD 1010–1330 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing We ship Cold-rolled (DKP) box sections in strapped bundles of 0.8–2 t per size and length, tagged and — for coated sections — paper-wrapped; 24–25 t of 6 m bars per 40' HC, 20 t per 20', 12 m by flat-rack. HS code 7306.61. - Moq: 3 t (mixed sizes accepted) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock 15×15–50×50: 2–5 working days; others 5–10 days - Packing: Bundles 0.5–1 t, paper-wrapped, strapped, tagged - Container: 40' HC ≈ 22–24 t of 6 m (light bundles) - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1, CE DoP (EN 10219-1), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight above 100 t ### Certificates Documentation for Cold-rolled (DKP) box sections: strip mill certificate EN 10204 3.1, our production record (size, wall, straightness, weld test), CE DoP under EN 10219-1; third-party 3.2 certificates on request. ### How to order Send size × wall × length, quantity, finish intended (powder coat / plating — bright strip for plating), any cutting, bending or hole pattern; furniture-maker cut lists are welcome. ### FAQ **What is DKP tube?** The Turkish name for box section rolled from cold-rolled (DC01) strip — thin-wall (0.7–2 mm), smooth and scale-free, used for furniture, fittings and plated or powder-coated frames. **What is the difference between cold-rolled and hot-rolled square tube?** Cold-rolled tube is made from DC01 cold-rolled strip: thinner walls, smoother surface, tighter tolerance, finish-ready, dearer and non-structural; hot-rolled tube (S235JRH) is thicker, scaled, cheaper and structural. **Can cold-rolled box section be chrome plated?** Yes — it is the standard tube for chrome furniture; order bright strip and outside seam scarfing for a mirror finish. **Is DKP tube suitable for outdoor use?** Only when powder-coated or painted; bare it rusts within weeks. For outdoor frames use pre-galvanized tube. **What is the thinnest wall you roll?** 0.7 mm in 10×10 to 30×30 mm; 1.0 mm up to 50×50; 1.2–2 mm in the larger sizes. ## Pre-Painted Box Section URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/sections/pre-painted-box-section/ A white fence rail, an anthracite pergola beam, a red-oxide rack upright — delivered in colour, straight from the bundle, at the price of tube plus strip paint instead of tube plus a paint shop. We roll 468 size/wall/colour combinations and keep the four standard colours in the common sizes. ### What is Pre-painted box sections? Pre-painted box section is tube rolled from strip that already carries its final colour: galvanized strip (DX51D+Z100–Z140) coil-coated with a polyester top-coat to EN 10169 — the same PPGI family as coloured roofing sheet — slit, roll-formed and HF-welded with the seam repaired in the same colour in-line. The tube leaves the mill white, anthracite, red or black, straight and dry, ready to cut and bolt; the zinc under the paint gives it a corrosion life that a plain painted tube never has. It suits every product where parts are cut to length and assembled without much welding — fence and gate systems, railings, pergolas, greenhouses, racking, display frames, modular cabins — and it removes the paint shop from the fabricator's cost. The limits are welding (paint and zinc burn back and must be repaired) and cut ends (bare, touched up with matching spray). A primed variant, rolled from strip with an anti-rust primer instead of a colour coat, serves frames that will be top-coated after fabrication. Our Dilovası mill rolls 15×15 to 100×100 mm in 1.2–3 mm walls in the four standard RAL colours and other colours on order. ### Pre-painted box section sizes and weight per metre Our painted mill list (size × wall; each available in the four standard colours); kg/m includes zinc and paint. | Size (mm) | Wall (mm) | kg/m | kg per 6 m bar | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 10 × 20 | 1.2 | 0.52 | 3.12 | | 10 × 20 | 1.5 | 0.64 | 3.84 | | 10 × 20 | 2 | 0.82 | 4.92 | | 10 × 30 | 1.2 | 0.69 | 4.14 | | 10 × 30 | 1.4 | 0.82 | 4.91 | | 10 × 30 | 1.5 | 0.85 | 5.1 | | 10 × 30 | 1.9 | 1.08 | 6.48 | | 10 × 30 | 2 | 1.09 | 6.54 | | 10 × 30 | 2.5 | 1.37 | 8.24 | | 10 × 40 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 5.38 | | 10 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.11 | 6.64 | | 10 × 40 | 2 | 1.44 | 8.66 | | 10 × 40 | 2.5 | 1.77 | 10.6 | | 10 × 50 | 1.5 | 1.34 | 8.05 | | 10 × 50 | 2 | 1.76 | 10.55 | | 15 × 15 | 1.2 | 0.52 | 3.12 | | 15 × 15 | 1.5 | 0.64 | 3.84 | | 15 × 15 | 2 | 0.82 | 4.92 | | 15 × 25 | 1.2 | 0.69 | 4.14 | | 15 × 25 | 1.4 | 0.82 | 4.91 | | 15 × 25 | 1.5 | 0.85 | 5.1 | | 15 × 25 | 1.9 | 1.08 | 6.48 | | 15 × 25 | 2 | 1.09 | 6.54 | | 15 × 25 | 2.5 | 1.37 | 8.24 | | 15 × 30 | 1.5 | 0.99 | 5.93 | | 15 × 30 | 2 | 1.29 | 7.72 | | 15 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.23 | 7.35 | | 15 × 40 | 2 | 1.6 | 9.61 | | 15 × 45 | 1.5 | 1.34 | 8.05 | | 15 × 45 | 2 | 1.76 | 10.55 | | 16 × 16 | 1.5 | 0.68 | 4.1 | | 20 × 20 | 1.2 | 0.69 | 4.14 | | 20 × 20 | 1.4 | 0.8 | 4.8 | | 20 × 20 | 1.5 | 0.85 | 5.1 | | 20 × 20 | 1.9 | 1.04 | 6.24 | | 20 × 20 | 2 | 1.09 | 6.54 | | 20 × 20 | 2.5 | 1.37 | 8.22 | | 20 × 30 | 1.2 | 0.87 | 5.22 | | 20 × 30 | 1.4 | 1.04 | 6.22 | | 20 × 30 | 1.5 | 1.07 | 6.42 | | 20 × 30 | 1.9 | 1.38 | 8.27 | | 20 × 30 | 2 | 1.38 | 8.28 | | 20 × 30 | 2.5 | 1.73 | 10.38 | | 20 × 30 | 3 | 2.05 | 12.3 | | 20 × 35 | 1.5 | 1.23 | 7.35 | | 20 × 35 | 2 | 1.6 | 9.61 | | 20 × 40 | 1.2 | 1.09 | 6.51 | | 20 × 40 | 1.4 | 1.26 | 7.54 | | 20 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.34 | 8.05 | | 20 × 40 | 1.9 | 1.68 | 10.06 | | 20 × 40 | 2 | 1.76 | 10.55 | | 20 × 40 | 2.5 | 2.16 | 12.95 | | 20 × 40 | 3 | 2.54 | 15.26 | | 20 × 40 | 4 | 3.27 | 19.6 | | 20 × 50 | 1.5 | 1.58 | 9.47 | | 20 × 50 | 2 | 2.07 | 12.43 | | 20 × 50 | 2.5 | 2.55 | 15.31 | | 20 × 50 | 3 | 3.01 | 18.08 | | 20 × 60 | 1.5 | 1.81 | 10.88 | | 20 × 60 | 2 | 2.39 | 14.32 | | 20 × 80 | 1.5 | 2.28 | 13.7 | | 20 × 80 | 2 | 3.01 | 18.08 | | 20 × 80 | 2.5 | 3.73 | 22.37 | | 20 × 80 | 3 | 4.43 | 26.56 | | 20 × 100 | 2 | 3.64 | 21.85 | | 25 × 25 | 1.2 | 0.87 | 5.22 | | 25 × 25 | 1.4 | 1.01 | 6.06 | | 25 × 25 | 1.5 | 1.07 | 6.42 | | 25 × 25 | 1.9 | 1.32 | 7.92 | | 25 × 25 | 2 | 1.38 | 8.28 | | 25 × 25 | 2.5 | 1.73 | 10.38 | | 25 × 25 | 3 | 2.05 | 12.3 | | 25 × 35 | 1.5 | 1.34 | 8.05 | | 25 × 35 | 2 | 1.76 | 10.55 | | 25 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.46 | 8.76 | | 25 × 40 | 2 | 1.92 | 11.49 | | 25 × 40 | 2.5 | 2.36 | 14.13 | | 25 × 40 | 3 | 2.78 | 16.67 | | 25 × 50 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 10.18 | | 25 × 50 | 2 | 2.2 | 13.19 | | 25 × 50 | 2.5 | 2.75 | 16.49 | | 25 × 50 | 3 | 3.25 | 19.5 | | 30 × 30 | 1.2 | 1.04 | 6.24 | | 30 × 30 | 1.4 | 1.21 | 7.26 | | 30 × 30 | 1.5 | 1.26 | 7.56 | | 30 × 30 | 1.9 | 1.56 | 9.36 | | 30 × 30 | 2 | 1.64 | 9.84 | | 30 × 30 | 2.5 | 2.06 | 12.36 | | 30 × 30 | 3 | 2.45 | 14.7 | | 30 × 30 | 4 | 3.18 | 19.08 | | 30 × 40 | 1.2 | 1.21 | 7.26 | | 30 × 40 | 1.4 | 1.48 | 8.86 | | 30 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.49 | 8.94 | | 30 × 40 | 1.9 | 1.98 | 11.85 | | 30 × 40 | 2 | 1.93 | 11.58 | | 30 × 40 | 2.5 | 2.39 | 14.34 | | 30 × 40 | 3 | 2.83 | 16.98 | | 30 × 50 | 1.2 | 1.46 | 8.77 | | 30 × 50 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 10.18 | | 30 × 50 | 1.5 | 1.81 | 10.88 | | 30 × 50 | 1.9 | 2.27 | 13.64 | | 30 × 50 | 2 | 2.36 | 14.13 | | 30 × 50 | 2.4 | 2.83 | 17 | | 30 × 50 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 17.42 | | 30 × 50 | 2.9 | 3.38 | 20.27 | | 30 × 50 | 3 | 3.49 | 20.91 | | 30 × 50 | 4 | 4.52 | 27.13 | | 30 × 50 | 5 | 5.5 | 32.97 | | 30 × 60 | 1.5 | 2.05 | 12.29 | | 30 × 60 | 2 | 2.67 | 16.01 | | 30 × 60 | 2.5 | 3.34 | 20.02 | | 30 × 60 | 3 | 3.95 | 23.68 | | 30 × 60 | 4 | 5.15 | 30.9 | | 30 × 60 | 5 | 6.28 | 37.68 | | 30 × 70 | 1.2 | 1.84 | 11.03 | | 30 × 70 | 1.5 | 2.28 | 13.7 | | 30 × 70 | 1.9 | 2.87 | 17.22 | | 30 × 70 | 2 | 3.01 | 18.08 | | 30 × 70 | 2.5 | 3.73 | 22.37 | | 30 × 70 | 3 | 4.43 | 26.56 | | 30 × 70 | 4 | 5.78 | 34.67 | | 30 × 80 | 1.5 | 2.52 | 15.12 | | 30 × 80 | 2 | 3.33 | 19.97 | | 30 × 80 | 2.5 | 4.12 | 24.73 | | 30 × 80 | 3 | 4.9 | 29.39 | | 30 × 80 | 4 | 6.41 | 38.44 | | 30 × 80 | 5 | 7.85 | 47.1 | | 30 × 90 | 2 | 3.64 | 21.85 | | 30 × 90 | 2.5 | 4.51 | 27.08 | | 30 × 90 | 3 | 5.37 | 32.21 | | 30 × 100 | 1.5 | 2.99 | 17.95 | | 30 × 100 | 2 | 3.96 | 23.74 | | 30 × 100 | 2.5 | 4.91 | 29.44 | | 30 × 100 | 3 | 5.84 | 35.04 | | 30 × 100 | 4 | 7.66 | 45.97 | | 30 × 100 | 5 | 9.42 | 56.52 | | 30 × 110 | 1.5 | 3.23 | 19.36 | | 35 × 35 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 9 | | 35 × 35 | 2 | 1.95 | 11.7 | | 35 × 35 | 2.5 | 2.39 | 14.34 | | 35 × 35 | 3 | 2.82 | 16.92 | | 40 × 40 | 1.2 | 1.38 | 8.28 | | 40 × 40 | 1.4 | 1.61 | 9.66 | | 40 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.67 | 10.02 | | 40 × 40 | 1.9 | 2.08 | 12.48 | | 40 × 40 | 2 | 2.18 | 13.08 | | 40 × 40 | 2.4 | 2.58 | 15.48 | | 40 × 40 | 2.5 | 2.69 | 16.14 | | 40 × 40 | 2.9 | 3.09 | 18.54 | | 40 × 40 | 3 | 3.22 | 19.32 | | 40 × 40 | 4 | 4.19 | 25.14 | | 40 × 40 | 5 | 5.13 | 30.78 | | 40 × 50 | 1.5 | 1.91 | 11.46 | | 40 × 50 | 2 | 2.5 | 15 | | 40 × 50 | 2.5 | 3.09 | 18.54 | | 40 × 50 | 3 | 3.66 | 21.96 | | 40 × 50 | 4 | 5.15 | 30.9 | | 40 × 50 | 5 | 6.28 | 37.68 | | 40 × 60 | 1.2 | 1.72 | 10.32 | | 40 × 60 | 1.4 | 2.14 | 12.82 | | 40 × 60 | 1.5 | 1.83 | 10.98 | | 40 × 60 | 1.9 | 2.87 | 17.22 | | 40 × 60 | 2 | 2.39 | 14.34 | | 40 × 60 | 2.4 | 3.59 | 21.52 | | 40 × 60 | 2.5 | 2.95 | 17.7 | | 40 × 60 | 2.9 | 4.29 | 25.73 | | 40 × 60 | 3 | 3.55 | 21.3 | | 40 × 60 | 4 | 5.77 | 34.64 | | 40 × 60 | 5 | 7.07 | 42.39 | | 40 × 70 | 1.5 | 2.52 | 15.12 | | 40 × 70 | 2 | 3.33 | 19.97 | | 40 × 70 | 2.5 | 4.12 | 24.73 | | 40 × 70 | 3 | 4.9 | 29.39 | | 40 × 70 | 4 | 6.41 | 38.44 | | 40 × 70 | 5 | 7.85 | 47.1 | | 40 × 80 | 1.2 | 2.22 | 13.3 | | 40 × 80 | 1.4 | 2.58 | 15.46 | | 40 × 80 | 1.5 | 2.76 | 16.53 | | 40 × 80 | 1.9 | 3.47 | 20.8 | | 40 × 80 | 2 | 3.61 | 21.66 | | 40 × 80 | 2.4 | 4.34 | 26.05 | | 40 × 80 | 2.5 | 4.51 | 27.08 | | 40 × 80 | 2.9 | 5.2 | 31.2 | | 40 × 80 | 3 | 5.32 | 31.91 | | 40 × 80 | 4 | 6.98 | 41.9 | | 40 × 80 | 5 | 8.64 | 51.81 | | 40 × 100 | 1.5 | 3.23 | 19.36 | | 40 × 100 | 1.9 | 4.06 | 24.38 | | 40 × 100 | 2 | 4.27 | 25.62 | | 40 × 100 | 2.4 | 5.09 | 30.56 | | 40 × 100 | 2.5 | 5.3 | 31.79 | | 40 × 100 | 2.9 | 6.11 | 36.66 | | 40 × 100 | 3 | 6.31 | 37.87 | | 40 × 100 | 4 | 8.29 | 49.74 | | 40 × 100 | 5 | 10.21 | 61.23 | | 40 × 100 | 6 | 12.06 | 72.35 | | 40 × 120 | 2 | 4.9 | 29.39 | | 40 × 120 | 2.5 | 6.08 | 36.5 | | 40 × 120 | 3 | 7.25 | 43.52 | | 40 × 120 | 4 | 9.55 | 57.28 | | 40 × 120 | 5 | 11.78 | 70.65 | | 40 × 130 | 2.5 | 6.48 | 38.86 | | 40 × 130 | 3 | 7.72 | 46.34 | | 40 × 130 | 4 | 10.17 | 61.04 | | 40 × 130 | 5 | 12.56 | 75.36 | | 40 × 140 | 3 | 8.2 | 49.17 | | 40 × 140 | 4 | 10.8 | 64.81 | | 40 × 140 | 5 | 13.35 | 80.07 | | 45 × 45 | 1.5 | 1.91 | 11.46 | | 45 × 45 | 2 | 2.5 | 15 | | 45 × 45 | 2.5 | 3.09 | 18.54 | | 45 × 45 | 3 | 3.66 | 21.96 | | 45 × 45 | 4 | 4.77 | 28.62 | | 45 × 45 | 5 | 5.85 | 35.1 | | 50 × 50 | 1.2 | 1.72 | 10.32 | | 50 × 50 | 1.4 | 1.76 | 10.56 | | 50 × 50 | 1.5 | 1.83 | 10.98 | | 50 × 50 | 1.9 | 2.28 | 13.68 | | 50 × 50 | 2 | 2.39 | 14.34 | | 50 × 50 | 2.4 | 2.83 | 16.98 | | 50 × 50 | 2.5 | 2.95 | 17.7 | | 50 × 50 | 2.9 | 3.4 | 20.4 | | 50 × 50 | 3 | 3.55 | 21.3 | | 50 × 50 | 4 | 4.66 | 27.96 | | 50 × 50 | 5 | 5.74 | 34.44 | | 50 × 60 | 1.5 | 2.52 | 15.12 | | 50 × 60 | 2 | 3.33 | 19.97 | | 50 × 60 | 2.5 | 4.12 | 24.73 | | 50 × 60 | 3 | 4.9 | 29.39 | | 50 × 60 | 4 | 6.41 | 38.44 | | 50 × 60 | 5 | 7.85 | 47.1 | | 50 × 70 | 2 | 3.64 | 21.85 | | 50 × 70 | 2.5 | 4.51 | 27.08 | | 50 × 70 | 3 | 5.37 | 32.21 | | 50 × 70 | 4 | 7.03 | 42.2 | | 50 × 70 | 5 | 8.64 | 51.81 | | 50 × 80 | 1.5 | 2.73 | 16.38 | | 50 × 80 | 2 | 3.55 | 21.3 | | 50 × 80 | 2.5 | 4.37 | 26.22 | | 50 × 80 | 3 | 5.18 | 31.08 | | 50 × 80 | 4 | 6.79 | 40.74 | | 50 × 80 | 5 | 9.42 | 56.52 | | 50 × 90 | 1.5 | 3.23 | 19.36 | | 50 × 90 | 1.9 | 4.06 | 24.38 | | 50 × 90 | 2 | 4.27 | 25.62 | | 50 × 90 | 2.4 | 5.09 | 30.56 | | 50 × 90 | 2.5 | 5.3 | 31.79 | | 50 × 90 | 2.9 | 6.11 | 36.66 | | 50 × 90 | 3 | 6.31 | 37.87 | | 50 × 90 | 4 | 8.29 | 49.74 | | 50 × 90 | 5 | 10.21 | 61.23 | | 50 × 90 | 6 | 12.06 | 72.35 | | 50 × 100 | 1.5 | 3.46 | 20.77 | | 50 × 100 | 1.9 | 4.36 | 26.17 | | 50 × 100 | 2 | 4.58 | 27.5 | | 50 × 100 | 2.4 | 5.47 | 32.83 | | 50 × 100 | 2.5 | 5.69 | 34.15 | | 50 × 100 | 2.9 | 6.57 | 39.39 | | 50 × 100 | 3 | 6.87 | 41.21 | | 50 × 100 | 4 | 9.02 | 54.14 | | 50 × 100 | 5 | 10.99 | 65.94 | | 50 × 100 | 6 | 13 | 78 | | 50 × 120 | 2.5 | 6.48 | 38.86 | | 50 × 120 | 3 | 7.72 | 46.34 | | 50 × 120 | 4 | 10.17 | 61.04 | | 50 × 120 | 5 | 12.56 | 75.36 | | 50 × 150 | 2 | 6.15 | 36.92 | | 50 × 150 | 2.5 | 7.65 | 45.92 | | 50 × 150 | 3 | 9.14 | 54.82 | | 50 × 150 | 4 | 12.06 | 72.35 | | 50 × 150 | 5 | 14.92 | 89.49 | | 50 × 150 | 6 | 17.71 | 106.26 | | 60 × 60 | 1.2 | 2.07 | 12.42 | | 60 × 60 | 1.4 | 2.17 | 13.02 | | 60 × 60 | 1.5 | 2.25 | 13.5 | | 60 × 60 | 1.9 | 2.78 | 16.68 | | 60 × 60 | 2 | 2.91 | 17.46 | | 60 × 60 | 2.4 | 3.43 | 20.58 | | 60 × 60 | 2.5 | 3.58 | 21.48 | | 60 × 60 | 2.9 | 4.17 | 25.02 | | 60 × 60 | 3 | 4.36 | 26.16 | | 60 × 60 | 4 | 5.73 | 34.38 | | 60 × 60 | 5 | 7.07 | 42.42 | | 60 × 80 | 1.5 | 2.82 | 16.92 | | 60 × 80 | 1.9 | 4.06 | 24.38 | | 60 × 80 | 2 | 3.7 | 22.2 | | 60 × 80 | 2.4 | 5.09 | 30.56 | | 60 × 80 | 2.5 | 4.58 | 27.48 | | 60 × 80 | 2.9 | 6.11 | 36.66 | | 60 × 80 | 3 | 5.41 | 32.46 | | 60 × 80 | 4 | 7.06 | 42.36 | | 60 × 80 | 5 | 10.21 | 61.23 | | 60 × 80 | 6 | 12.06 | 72.35 | | 60 × 100 | 1.5 | 3.7 | 22.18 | | 60 × 100 | 1.9 | 4.66 | 27.95 | | 60 × 100 | 2 | 4.9 | 29.39 | | 60 × 100 | 2.4 | 5.85 | 35.09 | | 60 × 100 | 2.5 | 6.08 | 36.5 | | 60 × 100 | 2.9 | 7.02 | 42.13 | | 60 × 100 | 3 | 7.24 | 43.43 | | 60 × 100 | 4 | 9.52 | 57.14 | | 60 × 100 | 5 | 11.78 | 70.65 | | 60 × 100 | 6 | 13.94 | 83.65 | | 60 × 120 | 2 | 5.53 | 33.16 | | 60 × 120 | 2.4 | 6.6 | 39.61 | | 60 × 120 | 2.5 | 6.87 | 41.21 | | 60 × 120 | 2.9 | 7.93 | 47.59 | | 60 × 120 | 3 | 8.2 | 49.17 | | 60 × 120 | 4 | 11.03 | 66.19 | | 60 × 120 | 5 | 13.68 | 82.08 | | 60 × 120 | 6 | 15.83 | 94.96 | | 60 × 140 | 2.5 | 7.65 | 45.92 | | 60 × 140 | 3 | 9.14 | 54.82 | | 60 × 140 | 4 | 12.06 | 72.35 | | 60 × 140 | 5 | 14.92 | 89.49 | | 60 × 140 | 6 | 17.71 | 106.26 | | 70 × 70 | 1.5 | 2.67 | 16.02 | | 70 × 70 | 1.9 | 3.35 | 20.1 | | 70 × 70 | 2 | 3.5 | 21 | | 70 × 70 | 2.4 | 4 | 24 | | 70 × 70 | 2.5 | 4.17 | 25.02 | | 70 × 70 | 2.9 | 4.88 | 29.28 | | 70 × 70 | 3 | 5.1 | 30.6 | | 70 × 70 | 4 | 6.73 | 40.38 | | 70 × 70 | 5 | 8.32 | 49.92 | | 70 × 70 | 6 | 10 | 60 | | 70 × 100 | 2.5 | 6.48 | 38.86 | | 70 × 100 | 3 | 7.72 | 46.34 | | 70 × 100 | 4 | 10.17 | 61.04 | | 70 × 100 | 5 | 12.56 | 75.36 | | 70 × 110 | 3 | 8.2 | 49.17 | | 70 × 110 | 4 | 10.8 | 64.81 | | 70 × 110 | 5 | 13.35 | 80.07 | | 70 × 120 | 2 | 5.84 | 35.04 | | 70 × 120 | 2.5 | 7.26 | 43.57 | | 70 × 120 | 3 | 8.67 | 52 | | 75 × 75 | 2 | 3.76 | 22.56 | | 75 × 75 | 3 | 5.57 | 33.42 | | 80 × 80 | 1.5 | 3.08 | 18.48 | | 80 × 80 | 1.9 | 3.83 | 22.98 | | 80 × 80 | 2 | 4.01 | 24.06 | | 80 × 80 | 2.4 | 4.79 | 28.74 | | 80 × 80 | 2.5 | 5 | 30 | | 80 × 80 | 2.9 | 5.82 | 34.92 | | 80 × 80 | 3 | 6.1 | 36.6 | | 80 × 80 | 4 | 8.06 | 48.36 | | 80 × 80 | 5 | 10 | 60 | | 80 × 80 | 6 | 12.07 | 72.42 | | 80 × 100 | 2 | 4.51 | 27.06 | | 80 × 100 | 2.4 | 6.6 | 39.61 | | 80 × 100 | 2.5 | 5.59 | 33.54 | | 80 × 100 | 2.9 | 7.93 | 47.59 | | 80 × 100 | 3 | 6.61 | 39.66 | | 80 × 100 | 4 | 8.71 | 52.26 | | 80 × 100 | 5 | 13.35 | 80.07 | | 80 × 100 | 6 | 15.83 | 94.96 | | 80 × 120 | 2 | 4.97 | 29.82 | | 80 × 120 | 2.4 | 7.36 | 44.13 | | 80 × 120 | 2.5 | 6.19 | 37.14 | | 80 × 120 | 2.9 | 8.84 | 53.05 | | 80 × 120 | 3 | 7.37 | 44.22 | | 80 × 120 | 4 | 9.71 | 58.26 | | 80 × 120 | 5 | 14.92 | 89.49 | | 80 × 120 | 6 | 17.71 | 106.26 | | 80 × 120 | 8 | 23.11 | 138.66 | | 80 × 140 | 2.5 | 8.44 | 50.63 | | 80 × 140 | 3 | 10.08 | 60.47 | | 80 × 140 | 4 | 13.31 | 79.88 | | 80 × 140 | 5 | 16.49 | 98.91 | | 80 × 140 | 6 | 19.59 | 117.56 | | 80 × 140 | 8 | 25.62 | 153.73 | | 80 × 160 | 2.5 | 9.22 | 55.34 | | 80 × 160 | 3 | 11.02 | 66.13 | | 80 × 160 | 4 | 14.57 | 87.42 | | 80 × 160 | 5 | 18.06 | 108.33 | | 80 × 160 | 6 | 21.48 | 128.87 | | 80 × 160 | 8 | 28.13 | 168.8 | | 80 × 200 | 3 | 12.91 | 77.43 | | 80 × 200 | 4 | 17.08 | 102.49 | | 80 × 200 | 5 | 21.2 | 127.17 | | 80 × 200 | 6 | 25.25 | 151.48 | | 90 × 90 | 2 | 5.53 | 33.16 | | 90 × 90 | 2.4 | 6.6 | 39.61 | | 90 × 90 | 2.5 | 6.87 | 41.21 | | 90 × 90 | 2.9 | 7.93 | 47.59 | | 90 × 90 | 3 | 8.2 | 49.17 | | 90 × 90 | 4 | 10.8 | 64.81 | | 90 × 90 | 5 | 13.35 | 80.07 | | 90 × 90 | 6 | 15.83 | 94.96 | | 100 × 100 | 2 | 5.05 | 30.3 | | 100 × 100 | 2.4 | 6.06 | 36.36 | | 100 × 100 | 2.5 | 6.33 | 37.98 | | 100 × 100 | 2.9 | 7.35 | 44.1 | | 100 × 100 | 3 | 7.67 | 46.02 | | 100 × 100 | 4 | 10.16 | 60.96 | | 100 × 100 | 5 | 12.6 | 75.6 | | 100 × 100 | 6 | 15.36 | 92.16 | | 100 × 100 | 8 | 20.46 | 122.76 | | 100 × 120 | 2.5 | 8.44 | 50.63 | | 100 × 120 | 3 | 10.08 | 60.47 | | 100 × 120 | 4 | 13.31 | 79.88 | | 100 × 120 | 5 | 16.49 | 98.91 | | 100 × 120 | 6 | 19.59 | 117.56 | | 100 × 120 | 8 | 25.62 | 153.73 | | 100 × 150 | 3 | 9.3 | 55.8 | | 100 × 150 | 4 | 12.3 | 73.8 | | 100 × 150 | 5 | 19.31 | 115.83 | | 100 × 150 | 6 | 22.42 | 134.52 | | 100 × 150 | 8 | 29.39 | 176.34 | | 100 × 180 | 3 | 12.91 | 77.43 | | 100 × 180 | 4 | 17.08 | 102.49 | | 100 × 180 | 5 | 21.2 | 127.17 | | 100 × 180 | 6 | 25.25 | 151.48 | | 100 × 200 | 3 | 11.68 | 70.08 | | 100 × 200 | 4 | 15.57 | 93.42 | | 100 × 200 | 5 | 22.77 | 136.59 | | 100 × 200 | 6 | 27.13 | 162.78 | | 100 × 200 | 8 | 35.67 | 214.02 | | 110 × 110 | 2.5 | 8.44 | 50.63 | | 110 × 110 | 3 | 10.08 | 60.47 | | 110 × 110 | 4 | 13.31 | 79.88 | | 110 × 110 | 5 | 16.49 | 98.91 | | 110 × 110 | 6 | 19.59 | 117.56 | | 110 × 110 | 8 | 25.62 | 153.73 | | 120 × 120 | 2.5 | 7.68 | 46.08 | | 120 × 120 | 3 | 9.29 | 55.74 | | 120 × 120 | 4 | 12.36 | 74.16 | | 120 × 120 | 5 | 15.42 | 92.52 | | 120 × 120 | 6 | 18.79 | 112.74 | | 120 × 120 | 8 | 25.49 | 152.94 | | 140 × 140 | 3 | 10.91 | 65.46 | | 140 × 140 | 4 | 14.54 | 87.24 | | 140 × 140 | 5 | 18.14 | 108.84 | | 140 × 140 | 6 | 22.18 | 133.08 | | 140 × 140 | 8 | 30.16 | 180.96 | | 150 × 150 | 3 | 11.68 | 70.08 | | 150 × 150 | 4 | 15.57 | 93.42 | | 150 × 150 | 5 | 19.44 | 116.64 | | 150 × 150 | 6 | 23.75 | 142.5 | | 150 × 150 | 8 | 32.32 | 193.92 | | 150 × 200 | 3 | 13.71 | 82.26 | | 150 × 200 | 4 | 18.28 | 109.68 | | 150 × 200 | 5 | 26.69 | 160.14 | | 150 × 200 | 6 | 31.84 | 191.04 | | 150 × 200 | 8 | 41.95 | 251.7 | | 150 × 250 | 4 | 24.62 | 147.71 | | 150 × 250 | 5 | 30.62 | 183.69 | | 150 × 250 | 6 | 36.55 | 219.3 | | 150 × 250 | 8 | 48.23 | 289.38 | | 150 × 250 | 10 | 59.66 | 357.96 | | 175 × 175 | 3 | 13.71 | 82.26 | | 175 × 175 | 4 | 18.28 | 109.68 | | 175 × 175 | 5 | 22.83 | 136.98 | | 175 × 175 | 6 | 27.94 | 167.64 | | 175 × 175 | 8 | 38.07 | 228.42 | | 200 × 200 | 4 | 21 | 126 | | 200 × 200 | 5 | 26.24 | 157.44 | | 200 × 200 | 6 | 32.13 | 192.78 | | 200 × 200 | 8 | 43.83 | 262.98 | | 200 × 200 | 10 | 56.94 | 341.64 | | 200 × 300 | 5 | 33.07 | 198.42 | | 200 × 300 | 6 | 45.97 | 275.82 | | 200 × 300 | 8 | 60.79 | 364.74 | | 200 × 300 | 10 | 75.36 | 452.16 | | 250 × 250 | 5 | 33.07 | 198.42 | | 250 × 250 | 6 | 40.51 | 243.06 | | 250 × 250 | 8 | 55.35 | 332.1 | | 250 × 250 | 10 | 74.07 | 444.42 | _Roll-formed from painted or primed strip (RAL 9016 white, 7016 anthracite, 3009 red, 9005 black; anti-rust primer); 6 m lengths._ ### Grades, standards and tolerances | Grade / standard | Yield (MPa) | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | Painted strip: DX51D+Z + polyester 20–25 µm (EN 10169) | ≈ 280 (typ.) | the standard — galvanized under the paint | | Primed strip: DC01 / HRPO + anti-rust primer | ≤ 280 / ≥ 235 | red-oxide or grey primer, for top-coating | | S235JRH black + powder coat (alternative) | ≥ 235 | structural, painted after fabrication | _Dimensions and tolerances to EN 10219-2; paint system polyester over Z100–Z140 galvanized strip; seam colour-repaired in-line. Cut ends are bare — touch up._ ### Colours and paint systems | Colour | RAL | Substrate | Typical use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | White | 9016 (or 9010) | galvanized + polyester | fences, railings, greenhouses | | Anthracite grey | 7016 | galvanized + polyester | modern fences, pergolas, gates | | Oxide red | 3009 | galvanized + polyester or primer | racks, agricultural, industrial | | Black | 9005 | galvanized + polyester | railings, furniture, display | | Other RAL | on order | galvanized + polyester | min. 10 t per colour | | Anti-rust primer | red-oxide / grey | cold-rolled or HRPO | for top-coating after fabrication | _Polyester 20–25 µm gives 5–10 years outdoor colour retention; PVDF on request for coastal and high-UV sites._ ### Lengths and stock Length 6 m (+30/−0), cut lengths ±2 mm. Stock: 20×20, 25×25, 30×30, 40×40, 50×50, 60×60 and 20×40, 30×50, 40×60, 40×80 in 1.2–2 mm in the four standard colours; 15×15 and 70–100 mm and other colours rolled to order. Tolerances per EN 10219-2. ### Cutting, welding and repair Cut with a cold saw (not abrasive — burns the paint); ends and drilled holes touched up with matching RAL spray (supplied on request). Welding burns the paint and zinc back 5–10 mm — weld sparingly, extract fumes, repair with zinc primer and RAL top-coat; for heavily welded frames use black tube and paint afterwards. Bolted and clamp systems keep the finish intact. ### Where it is used - Fence, gate and railing systems in colour - Pergolas, carports and garden structures - Greenhouse and shade frames (white) - Racking and shelving uprights (red oxide) - Shop fittings, display and exhibition frames - Modular partition and cabin frames ### Pre-painted vs powder-coated tube Powder coating after fabrication gives a thicker, seamless finish including welds and cut ends — the right route for gates and frames with many welds, using black square hollow section or cold-rolled box section. Pre-painted tube wins where parts are cut and bolted or clamped: no paint shop, no lead time, consistent colour, lower cost. Galvanized under the paint means it also outlasts a plain painted tube. For bare zinc see galvanized square tube. ### Price Painted tube is priced per ton on the coated-tube list, above pre-galvanized for the paint; primed tube is cheaper than painted. Bands below; other colours carry a minimum lot. - Painted box 20×20–60×60 · standard RAL: USD 820–1300 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - Primed (anti-rust) box section: USD 760–1240 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Pre-painted box sections is bundled in hexagonal or square packs of 0.8–2 t, strapped at four points with edge protectors, tagged with size, wall, grade, length and bar count; galvanized and painted bundles get paper or foam separators. A 40' HC takes 24–25 t of 6 m bars, a 20' about 20 t; 12 m bars go on flat-racks. HS 7306.61 (square/rectangular welded). - Moq: 3 t per colour (mixed sizes accepted) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock colours in 20×20–60×60: 3–7 working days; other sizes/colours 7–14 days - Packing: Bundles 0.5–1 t, foam/paper separators, stretch-wrapped, tagged - Container: 40' HC ≈ 22–24 t of 6 m - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1, CE DoP (EN 10219-1), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight above 100 t ### Certificates Documentation for Pre-painted box sections: strip mill certificate EN 10204 3.1, our production record (size, wall, straightness, weld test), CE DoP under EN 10219-1; third-party 3.2 certificates on request. ### How to order Send size × wall × length, colour (RAL), quantity per colour, cutting and touch-up spray needs; for non-standard colours state the tonnage. ### FAQ **What is pre-painted box section?** Square or rectangular tube rolled from pre-painted galvanized strip so it comes off the mill in colour (RAL 9016, 7016, 3009, 9005 as standard) — no painting after fabrication. **Which colours are available from stock?** White RAL 9016, anthracite RAL 7016, oxide red RAL 3009 and black RAL 9005 in the common sizes; other RAL colours to order with a minimum of about 10 t. **Can painted tube be welded?** Yes, but the paint and zinc burn back around the weld and must be repaired; for heavily welded frames use black tube and powder-coat afterwards. **What is primed box section?** Tube rolled from strip with an anti-rust primer (red-oxide or grey) instead of a top-coat — for frames that will be painted after fabrication; cheaper than colour-painted. **How long does the colour last outdoors?** Polyester over galvanized strip keeps its colour 5–10 years in a temperate climate; PVDF paint on request for coastal and high-UV sites. ## Thick Wall Hollow Section URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/sections/thick-wall-hollow-section/ When a hollow section stops being a frame member and becomes a column, the wall thickens: 100×100×5 for a mezzanine post, 150×150×6 for a warehouse column, 200×200×8 for a crane gantry, 250×250×10 for a mast. The closed section beats an H-beam on buckling and on looks, and thick-wall tube is where the heavy end of our mill and our partner mills meet. ### What is Thick-wall hollow sections? Thick-wall hollow sections are the structural end of the cold-formed range: walls of 5, 6, 8 and 10 mm in sizes from 100×100 up to 250×250 mm square and 200×300 mm rectangular, rolled from plate-gauge hot-rolled strip and HF-welded to EN 10219. At these walls the tube behaves like a rolled structural section — it is CE-marked, designed to EN 1993-1-1 with cold-formed section class and buckling curve c, and welded, plated and galvanized like an H-beam — but with the advantages of a closed section: equal stiffness both ways, high torsional rigidity, a compact footprint and four flat faces to clad. Columns of warehouses and mezzanines, crane-runway posts, truss chords, machine bases and masts are its natural uses. Corner radii grow with wall (2.0–3.0 t) and the cold-work at the corners raises the yield locally; where a specification demands sharp corners or no residual stress, the hot-finished EN 10210 version is available at a premium. Our Dilovası mill rolls up to 8 mm; 10 mm walls and the largest sizes come from partner mills. Grades S235JRH for lightly loaded posts and S355J2H for everything designed to carry. ### Square sizes — see 5–10 mm walls Full square list; the thick-wall range is the 5, 6, 8 and 10 mm rows from 100×100 upward. | Size (mm) | Wall (mm) | kg/m | kg per 6 m bar | Bars per ton | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 15 × 15 | 1.5 | 0.64 | 3.84 | 260 | | 15 × 15 | 2 | 0.82 | 4.92 | 203 | | 16 × 16 | 1.5 | 0.68 | 4.1 | 244 | | 20 × 20 | 1.5 | 0.85 | 5.1 | 196 | | 20 × 20 | 1.9 | 1.04 | 6.24 | 160 | | 20 × 20 | 2 | 1.09 | 6.54 | 153 | | 20 × 20 | 2.5 | 1.37 | 8.22 | 122 | | 25 × 25 | 1.5 | 1.07 | 6.42 | 156 | | 25 × 25 | 1.9 | 1.32 | 7.92 | 126 | | 25 × 25 | 2 | 1.38 | 8.28 | 121 | | 25 × 25 | 2.5 | 1.73 | 10.38 | 96 | | 25 × 25 | 3 | 2.05 | 12.3 | 81 | | 30 × 30 | 1.5 | 1.26 | 7.56 | 132 | | 30 × 30 | 1.9 | 1.56 | 9.36 | 107 | | 30 × 30 | 2 | 1.64 | 9.84 | 102 | | 30 × 30 | 2.5 | 2.06 | 12.36 | 81 | | 30 × 30 | 3 | 2.45 | 14.7 | 68 | | 30 × 30 | 4 | 3.18 | 19.08 | 52 | | 35 × 35 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 9 | 111 | | 35 × 35 | 2 | 1.95 | 11.7 | 85 | | 35 × 35 | 2.5 | 2.39 | 14.34 | 70 | | 35 × 35 | 3 | 2.82 | 16.92 | 59 | | 40 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.67 | 10.02 | 100 | | 40 × 40 | 1.9 | 2.08 | 12.48 | 80 | | 40 × 40 | 2 | 2.18 | 13.08 | 76 | | 40 × 40 | 2.4 | 2.58 | 15.48 | 65 | | 40 × 40 | 2.5 | 2.69 | 16.14 | 62 | | 40 × 40 | 2.9 | 3.09 | 18.54 | 54 | | 40 × 40 | 3 | 3.22 | 19.32 | 52 | | 40 × 40 | 4 | 4.19 | 25.14 | 40 | | 40 × 40 | 5 | 5.13 | 30.78 | 32 | | 45 × 45 | 1.5 | 1.91 | 11.46 | 87 | | 45 × 45 | 2 | 2.5 | 15 | 67 | | 45 × 45 | 2.5 | 3.09 | 18.54 | 54 | | 45 × 45 | 3 | 3.66 | 21.96 | 46 | | 45 × 45 | 4 | 4.77 | 28.62 | 35 | | 45 × 45 | 5 | 5.85 | 35.1 | 28 | | 50 × 50 | 1.5 | 1.83 | 10.98 | 91 | | 50 × 50 | 1.9 | 2.28 | 13.68 | 73 | | 50 × 50 | 2 | 2.39 | 14.34 | 70 | | 50 × 50 | 2.4 | 2.83 | 16.98 | 59 | | 50 × 50 | 2.5 | 2.95 | 17.7 | 56 | | 50 × 50 | 2.9 | 3.4 | 20.4 | 49 | | 50 × 50 | 3 | 3.55 | 21.3 | 47 | | 50 × 50 | 4 | 4.66 | 27.96 | 36 | | 50 × 50 | 5 | 5.74 | 34.44 | 29 | | 60 × 60 | 1.5 | 2.25 | 13.5 | 74 | | 60 × 60 | 1.9 | 2.78 | 16.68 | 60 | | 60 × 60 | 2 | 2.91 | 17.46 | 57 | | 60 × 60 | 2.4 | 3.43 | 20.58 | 49 | | 60 × 60 | 2.5 | 3.58 | 21.48 | 47 | | 60 × 60 | 2.9 | 4.17 | 25.02 | 40 | | 60 × 60 | 3 | 4.36 | 26.16 | 38 | | 60 × 60 | 4 | 5.73 | 34.38 | 29 | | 60 × 60 | 5 | 7.07 | 42.42 | 24 | | 70 × 70 | 1.5 | 2.67 | 16.02 | 62 | | 70 × 70 | 1.9 | 3.35 | 20.1 | 50 | | 70 × 70 | 2 | 3.5 | 21 | 48 | | 70 × 70 | 2.4 | 4 | 24 | 42 | | 70 × 70 | 2.5 | 4.17 | 25.02 | 40 | | 70 × 70 | 2.9 | 4.88 | 29.28 | 34 | | 70 × 70 | 3 | 5.1 | 30.6 | 33 | | 70 × 70 | 4 | 6.73 | 40.38 | 25 | | 70 × 70 | 5 | 8.32 | 49.92 | 20 | | 70 × 70 | 6 | 10 | 60 | 17 | | 75 × 75 | 2 | 3.76 | 22.56 | 44 | | 75 × 75 | 3 | 5.57 | 33.42 | 30 | | 80 × 80 | 1.5 | 3.08 | 18.48 | 54 | | 80 × 80 | 1.9 | 3.83 | 22.98 | 44 | | 80 × 80 | 2 | 4.01 | 24.06 | 42 | | 80 × 80 | 2.4 | 4.79 | 28.74 | 35 | | 80 × 80 | 2.5 | 5 | 30 | 33 | | 80 × 80 | 2.9 | 5.82 | 34.92 | 29 | | 80 × 80 | 3 | 6.1 | 36.6 | 27 | | 80 × 80 | 4 | 8.06 | 48.36 | 21 | | 80 × 80 | 5 | 10 | 60 | 17 | | 80 × 80 | 6 | 12.07 | 72.42 | 14 | | 90 × 90 | 2 | 5.53 | 33.16 | 30 | | 90 × 90 | 2.4 | 6.6 | 39.61 | 25 | | 90 × 90 | 2.5 | 6.87 | 41.21 | 24 | | 90 × 90 | 2.9 | 7.93 | 47.59 | 21 | | 90 × 90 | 3 | 8.2 | 49.17 | 20 | | 90 × 90 | 4 | 10.8 | 64.81 | 15 | | 90 × 90 | 5 | 13.35 | 80.07 | 12 | | 90 × 90 | 6 | 15.83 | 94.96 | 11 | | 100 × 100 | 2 | 5.05 | 30.3 | 33 | | 100 × 100 | 2.4 | 6.06 | 36.36 | 28 | | 100 × 100 | 2.5 | 6.33 | 37.98 | 26 | | 100 × 100 | 2.9 | 7.35 | 44.1 | 23 | | 100 × 100 | 3 | 7.67 | 46.02 | 22 | | 100 × 100 | 4 | 10.16 | 60.96 | 16 | | 100 × 100 | 5 | 12.6 | 75.6 | 13 | | 100 × 100 | 6 | 15.36 | 92.16 | 11 | | 100 × 100 | 8 | 20.46 | 122.76 | 8 | | 110 × 110 | 2.5 | 8.44 | 50.63 | 20 | | 110 × 110 | 3 | 10.08 | 60.47 | 17 | | 110 × 110 | 4 | 13.31 | 79.88 | 13 | | 110 × 110 | 5 | 16.49 | 98.91 | 10 | | 110 × 110 | 6 | 19.59 | 117.56 | 9 | | 110 × 110 | 8 | 25.62 | 153.73 | 7 | | 120 × 120 | 2.5 | 7.68 | 46.08 | 22 | | 120 × 120 | 3 | 9.29 | 55.74 | 18 | | 120 × 120 | 4 | 12.36 | 74.16 | 13 | | 120 × 120 | 5 | 15.42 | 92.52 | 11 | | 120 × 120 | 6 | 18.79 | 112.74 | 9 | | 120 × 120 | 8 | 25.49 | 152.94 | 7 | | 140 × 140 | 3 | 10.91 | 65.46 | 15 | | 140 × 140 | 4 | 14.54 | 87.24 | 11 | | 140 × 140 | 5 | 18.14 | 108.84 | 9 | | 140 × 140 | 6 | 22.18 | 133.08 | 8 | | 140 × 140 | 8 | 30.16 | 180.96 | 6 | | 150 × 150 | 3 | 11.68 | 70.08 | 14 | | 150 × 150 | 4 | 15.57 | 93.42 | 11 | | 150 × 150 | 5 | 19.44 | 116.64 | 9 | | 150 × 150 | 6 | 23.75 | 142.5 | 7 | | 150 × 150 | 8 | 32.32 | 193.92 | 5 | | 175 × 175 | 3 | 13.71 | 82.26 | 12 | | 175 × 175 | 4 | 18.28 | 109.68 | 9 | | 175 × 175 | 5 | 22.83 | 136.98 | 7 | | 175 × 175 | 6 | 27.94 | 167.64 | 6 | | 175 × 175 | 8 | 38.07 | 228.42 | 4 | | 200 × 200 | 4 | 21 | 126 | 8 | | 200 × 200 | 5 | 26.24 | 157.44 | 6 | | 200 × 200 | 6 | 32.13 | 192.78 | 5 | | 200 × 200 | 8 | 43.83 | 262.98 | 4 | | 200 × 200 | 10 | 56.94 | 341.64 | 3 | | 250 × 250 | 5 | 33.07 | 198.42 | 5 | | 250 × 250 | 6 | 40.51 | 243.06 | 4 | | 250 × 250 | 8 | 55.35 | 332.1 | 3 | | 250 × 250 | 10 | 74.07 | 444.42 | 2 | _Nominal mass per EN 10219-2 with corner radii; 6 m standard length, 12 m on request._ ### Rectangular sizes — see 5–10 mm walls Full rectangular list; thick-wall rows from 100×150 upward. | Size (mm) | Wall (mm) | kg/m | kg per 6 m bar | Bars per ton | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 10 × 20 | 1.5 | 0.64 | 3.84 | 260 | | 10 × 20 | 2 | 0.82 | 4.92 | 203 | | 10 × 30 | 1.5 | 0.85 | 5.1 | 196 | | 10 × 30 | 1.9 | 1.08 | 6.48 | 154 | | 10 × 30 | 2 | 1.09 | 6.54 | 153 | | 10 × 30 | 2.5 | 1.37 | 8.24 | 121 | | 10 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.11 | 6.64 | 151 | | 10 × 40 | 2 | 1.44 | 8.66 | 115 | | 10 × 40 | 2.5 | 1.77 | 10.6 | 94 | | 10 × 50 | 1.5 | 1.34 | 8.05 | 124 | | 10 × 50 | 2 | 1.76 | 10.55 | 95 | | 15 × 25 | 1.5 | 0.85 | 5.1 | 196 | | 15 × 25 | 1.9 | 1.08 | 6.48 | 154 | | 15 × 25 | 2 | 1.09 | 6.54 | 153 | | 15 × 25 | 2.5 | 1.37 | 8.24 | 121 | | 15 × 30 | 1.5 | 0.99 | 5.93 | 169 | | 15 × 30 | 2 | 1.29 | 7.72 | 130 | | 15 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.23 | 7.35 | 136 | | 15 × 40 | 2 | 1.6 | 9.61 | 104 | | 15 × 45 | 1.5 | 1.34 | 8.05 | 124 | | 15 × 45 | 2 | 1.76 | 10.55 | 95 | | 20 × 30 | 1.5 | 1.07 | 6.42 | 156 | | 20 × 30 | 1.9 | 1.38 | 8.27 | 121 | | 20 × 30 | 2 | 1.38 | 8.28 | 121 | | 20 × 30 | 2.5 | 1.73 | 10.38 | 96 | | 20 × 30 | 3 | 2.05 | 12.3 | 81 | | 20 × 35 | 1.5 | 1.23 | 7.35 | 136 | | 20 × 35 | 2 | 1.6 | 9.61 | 104 | | 20 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.34 | 8.05 | 124 | | 20 × 40 | 1.9 | 1.68 | 10.06 | 99 | | 20 × 40 | 2 | 1.76 | 10.55 | 95 | | 20 × 40 | 2.5 | 2.16 | 12.95 | 77 | | 20 × 40 | 3 | 2.54 | 15.26 | 66 | | 20 × 40 | 4 | 3.27 | 19.6 | 51 | | 20 × 50 | 1.5 | 1.58 | 9.47 | 106 | | 20 × 50 | 2 | 2.07 | 12.43 | 80 | | 20 × 50 | 2.5 | 2.55 | 15.31 | 65 | | 20 × 50 | 3 | 3.01 | 18.08 | 55 | | 20 × 60 | 1.5 | 1.81 | 10.88 | 92 | | 20 × 60 | 2 | 2.39 | 14.32 | 70 | | 20 × 80 | 1.5 | 2.28 | 13.7 | 73 | | 20 × 80 | 2 | 3.01 | 18.08 | 55 | | 20 × 80 | 2.5 | 3.73 | 22.37 | 45 | | 20 × 80 | 3 | 4.43 | 26.56 | 38 | | 20 × 100 | 2 | 3.64 | 21.85 | 46 | | 25 × 35 | 1.5 | 1.34 | 8.05 | 124 | | 25 × 35 | 2 | 1.76 | 10.55 | 95 | | 25 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.46 | 8.76 | 114 | | 25 × 40 | 2 | 1.92 | 11.49 | 87 | | 25 × 40 | 2.5 | 2.36 | 14.13 | 71 | | 25 × 40 | 3 | 2.78 | 16.67 | 60 | | 25 × 50 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 10.18 | 98 | | 25 × 50 | 2 | 2.2 | 13.19 | 76 | | 25 × 50 | 2.5 | 2.75 | 16.49 | 61 | | 25 × 50 | 3 | 3.25 | 19.5 | 51 | | 30 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.49 | 8.94 | 112 | | 30 × 40 | 1.9 | 1.98 | 11.85 | 84 | | 30 × 40 | 2 | 1.93 | 11.58 | 86 | | 30 × 40 | 2.5 | 2.39 | 14.34 | 70 | | 30 × 40 | 3 | 2.83 | 16.98 | 59 | | 30 × 50 | 1.5 | 1.81 | 10.88 | 92 | | 30 × 50 | 1.9 | 2.27 | 13.64 | 73 | | 30 × 50 | 2 | 2.36 | 14.13 | 71 | | 30 × 50 | 2.4 | 2.83 | 17 | 59 | | 30 × 50 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 17.42 | 57 | | 30 × 50 | 2.9 | 3.38 | 20.27 | 49 | | 30 × 50 | 3 | 3.49 | 20.91 | 48 | | 30 × 50 | 4 | 4.52 | 27.13 | 37 | | 30 × 50 | 5 | 5.5 | 32.97 | 30 | | 30 × 60 | 1.5 | 2.05 | 12.29 | 81 | | 30 × 60 | 2 | 2.67 | 16.01 | 62 | | 30 × 60 | 2.5 | 3.34 | 20.02 | 50 | | 30 × 60 | 3 | 3.95 | 23.68 | 42 | | 30 × 60 | 4 | 5.15 | 30.9 | 32 | | 30 × 60 | 5 | 6.28 | 37.68 | 27 | | 30 × 70 | 1.5 | 2.28 | 13.7 | 73 | | 30 × 70 | 1.9 | 2.87 | 17.22 | 58 | | 30 × 70 | 2 | 3.01 | 18.08 | 55 | | 30 × 70 | 2.5 | 3.73 | 22.37 | 45 | | 30 × 70 | 3 | 4.43 | 26.56 | 38 | | 30 × 70 | 4 | 5.78 | 34.67 | 29 | | 30 × 80 | 1.5 | 2.52 | 15.12 | 66 | | 30 × 80 | 2 | 3.33 | 19.97 | 50 | | 30 × 80 | 2.5 | 4.12 | 24.73 | 40 | | 30 × 80 | 3 | 4.9 | 29.39 | 34 | | 30 × 80 | 4 | 6.41 | 38.44 | 26 | | 30 × 80 | 5 | 7.85 | 47.1 | 21 | | 30 × 90 | 2 | 3.64 | 21.85 | 46 | | 30 × 90 | 2.5 | 4.51 | 27.08 | 37 | | 30 × 90 | 3 | 5.37 | 32.21 | 31 | | 30 × 100 | 1.5 | 2.99 | 17.95 | 56 | | 30 × 100 | 2 | 3.96 | 23.74 | 42 | | 30 × 100 | 2.5 | 4.91 | 29.44 | 34 | | 30 × 100 | 3 | 5.84 | 35.04 | 29 | | 30 × 100 | 4 | 7.66 | 45.97 | 22 | | 30 × 100 | 5 | 9.42 | 56.52 | 18 | | 30 × 110 | 1.5 | 3.23 | 19.36 | 52 | | 40 × 50 | 1.5 | 1.91 | 11.46 | 87 | | 40 × 50 | 2 | 2.5 | 15 | 67 | | 40 × 50 | 2.5 | 3.09 | 18.54 | 54 | | 40 × 50 | 3 | 3.66 | 21.96 | 46 | | 40 × 50 | 4 | 5.15 | 30.9 | 32 | | 40 × 50 | 5 | 6.28 | 37.68 | 27 | | 40 × 60 | 1.5 | 1.83 | 10.98 | 91 | | 40 × 60 | 1.9 | 2.87 | 17.22 | 58 | | 40 × 60 | 2 | 2.39 | 14.34 | 70 | | 40 × 60 | 2.4 | 3.59 | 21.52 | 46 | | 40 × 60 | 2.5 | 2.95 | 17.7 | 56 | | 40 × 60 | 2.9 | 4.29 | 25.73 | 39 | | 40 × 60 | 3 | 3.55 | 21.3 | 47 | | 40 × 60 | 4 | 5.77 | 34.64 | 29 | | 40 × 60 | 5 | 7.07 | 42.39 | 24 | | 40 × 70 | 1.5 | 2.52 | 15.12 | 66 | | 40 × 70 | 2 | 3.33 | 19.97 | 50 | | 40 × 70 | 2.5 | 4.12 | 24.73 | 40 | | 40 × 70 | 3 | 4.9 | 29.39 | 34 | | 40 × 70 | 4 | 6.41 | 38.44 | 26 | | 40 × 70 | 5 | 7.85 | 47.1 | 21 | | 40 × 80 | 1.5 | 2.76 | 16.53 | 60 | | 40 × 80 | 1.9 | 3.47 | 20.8 | 48 | | 40 × 80 | 2 | 3.61 | 21.66 | 46 | | 40 × 80 | 2.4 | 4.34 | 26.05 | 38 | | 40 × 80 | 2.5 | 4.51 | 27.08 | 37 | | 40 × 80 | 2.9 | 5.2 | 31.2 | 32 | | 40 × 80 | 3 | 5.32 | 31.91 | 31 | | 40 × 80 | 4 | 6.98 | 41.9 | 24 | | 40 × 80 | 5 | 8.64 | 51.81 | 19 | | 40 × 100 | 1.5 | 3.23 | 19.36 | 52 | | 40 × 100 | 1.9 | 4.06 | 24.38 | 41 | | 40 × 100 | 2 | 4.27 | 25.62 | 39 | | 40 × 100 | 2.4 | 5.09 | 30.56 | 33 | | 40 × 100 | 2.5 | 5.3 | 31.79 | 31 | | 40 × 100 | 2.9 | 6.11 | 36.66 | 27 | | 40 × 100 | 3 | 6.31 | 37.87 | 26 | | 40 × 100 | 4 | 8.29 | 49.74 | 20 | | 40 × 100 | 5 | 10.21 | 61.23 | 16 | | 40 × 100 | 6 | 12.06 | 72.35 | 14 | | 40 × 120 | 2 | 4.9 | 29.39 | 34 | | 40 × 120 | 2.5 | 6.08 | 36.5 | 27 | | 40 × 120 | 3 | 7.25 | 43.52 | 23 | | 40 × 120 | 4 | 9.55 | 57.28 | 17 | | 40 × 120 | 5 | 11.78 | 70.65 | 14 | | 40 × 130 | 2.5 | 6.48 | 38.86 | 26 | | 40 × 130 | 3 | 7.72 | 46.34 | 22 | | 40 × 130 | 4 | 10.17 | 61.04 | 16 | | 40 × 130 | 5 | 12.56 | 75.36 | 13 | | 40 × 140 | 3 | 8.2 | 49.17 | 20 | | 40 × 140 | 4 | 10.8 | 64.81 | 15 | | 40 × 140 | 5 | 13.35 | 80.07 | 12 | | 50 × 60 | 1.5 | 2.52 | 15.12 | 66 | | 50 × 60 | 2 | 3.33 | 19.97 | 50 | | 50 × 60 | 2.5 | 4.12 | 24.73 | 40 | | 50 × 60 | 3 | 4.9 | 29.39 | 34 | | 50 × 60 | 4 | 6.41 | 38.44 | 26 | | 50 × 60 | 5 | 7.85 | 47.1 | 21 | | 50 × 70 | 2 | 3.64 | 21.85 | 46 | | 50 × 70 | 2.5 | 4.51 | 27.08 | 37 | | 50 × 70 | 3 | 5.37 | 32.21 | 31 | | 50 × 70 | 4 | 7.03 | 42.2 | 24 | | 50 × 70 | 5 | 8.64 | 51.81 | 19 | | 50 × 80 | 1.5 | 2.73 | 16.38 | 61 | | 50 × 80 | 2 | 3.55 | 21.3 | 47 | | 50 × 80 | 2.5 | 4.37 | 26.22 | 38 | | 50 × 80 | 3 | 5.18 | 31.08 | 32 | | 50 × 80 | 4 | 6.79 | 40.74 | 25 | | 50 × 80 | 5 | 9.42 | 56.52 | 18 | | 50 × 90 | 1.5 | 3.23 | 19.36 | 52 | | 50 × 90 | 1.9 | 4.06 | 24.38 | 41 | | 50 × 90 | 2 | 4.27 | 25.62 | 39 | | 50 × 90 | 2.4 | 5.09 | 30.56 | 33 | | 50 × 90 | 2.5 | 5.3 | 31.79 | 31 | | 50 × 90 | 2.9 | 6.11 | 36.66 | 27 | | 50 × 90 | 3 | 6.31 | 37.87 | 26 | | 50 × 90 | 4 | 8.29 | 49.74 | 20 | | 50 × 90 | 5 | 10.21 | 61.23 | 16 | | 50 × 90 | 6 | 12.06 | 72.35 | 14 | | 50 × 100 | 1.5 | 3.46 | 20.77 | 48 | | 50 × 100 | 1.9 | 4.36 | 26.17 | 38 | | 50 × 100 | 2 | 4.58 | 27.5 | 36 | | 50 × 100 | 2.4 | 5.47 | 32.83 | 30 | | 50 × 100 | 2.5 | 5.69 | 34.15 | 29 | | 50 × 100 | 2.9 | 6.57 | 39.39 | 25 | | 50 × 100 | 3 | 6.87 | 41.21 | 24 | | 50 × 100 | 4 | 9.02 | 54.14 | 18 | | 50 × 100 | 5 | 10.99 | 65.94 | 15 | | 50 × 100 | 6 | 13 | 78 | 13 | | 50 × 120 | 2.5 | 6.48 | 38.86 | 26 | | 50 × 120 | 3 | 7.72 | 46.34 | 22 | | 50 × 120 | 4 | 10.17 | 61.04 | 16 | | 50 × 120 | 5 | 12.56 | 75.36 | 13 | | 50 × 150 | 2 | 6.15 | 36.92 | 27 | | 50 × 150 | 2.5 | 7.65 | 45.92 | 22 | | 50 × 150 | 3 | 9.14 | 54.82 | 18 | | 50 × 150 | 4 | 12.06 | 72.35 | 14 | | 50 × 150 | 5 | 14.92 | 89.49 | 11 | | 50 × 150 | 6 | 17.71 | 106.26 | 9 | | 60 × 80 | 1.5 | 2.82 | 16.92 | 59 | | 60 × 80 | 1.9 | 4.06 | 24.38 | 41 | | 60 × 80 | 2 | 3.7 | 22.2 | 45 | | 60 × 80 | 2.4 | 5.09 | 30.56 | 33 | | 60 × 80 | 2.5 | 4.58 | 27.48 | 36 | | 60 × 80 | 2.9 | 6.11 | 36.66 | 27 | | 60 × 80 | 3 | 5.41 | 32.46 | 31 | | 60 × 80 | 4 | 7.06 | 42.36 | 24 | | 60 × 80 | 5 | 10.21 | 61.23 | 16 | | 60 × 80 | 6 | 12.06 | 72.35 | 14 | | 60 × 100 | 1.5 | 3.7 | 22.18 | 45 | | 60 × 100 | 1.9 | 4.66 | 27.95 | 36 | | 60 × 100 | 2 | 4.9 | 29.39 | 34 | | 60 × 100 | 2.4 | 5.85 | 35.09 | 28 | | 60 × 100 | 2.5 | 6.08 | 36.5 | 27 | | 60 × 100 | 2.9 | 7.02 | 42.13 | 24 | | 60 × 100 | 3 | 7.24 | 43.43 | 23 | | 60 × 100 | 4 | 9.52 | 57.14 | 17 | | 60 × 100 | 5 | 11.78 | 70.65 | 14 | | 60 × 100 | 6 | 13.94 | 83.65 | 12 | | 60 × 120 | 2 | 5.53 | 33.16 | 30 | | 60 × 120 | 2.4 | 6.6 | 39.61 | 25 | | 60 × 120 | 2.5 | 6.87 | 41.21 | 24 | | 60 × 120 | 2.9 | 7.93 | 47.59 | 21 | | 60 × 120 | 3 | 8.2 | 49.17 | 20 | | 60 × 120 | 4 | 11.03 | 66.19 | 15 | | 60 × 120 | 5 | 13.68 | 82.08 | 12 | | 60 × 120 | 6 | 15.83 | 94.96 | 11 | | 60 × 140 | 2.5 | 7.65 | 45.92 | 22 | | 60 × 140 | 3 | 9.14 | 54.82 | 18 | | 60 × 140 | 4 | 12.06 | 72.35 | 14 | | 60 × 140 | 5 | 14.92 | 89.49 | 11 | | 60 × 140 | 6 | 17.71 | 106.26 | 9 | | 70 × 100 | 2.5 | 6.48 | 38.86 | 26 | | 70 × 100 | 3 | 7.72 | 46.34 | 22 | | 70 × 100 | 4 | 10.17 | 61.04 | 16 | | 70 × 100 | 5 | 12.56 | 75.36 | 13 | | 70 × 110 | 3 | 8.2 | 49.17 | 20 | | 70 × 110 | 4 | 10.8 | 64.81 | 15 | | 70 × 110 | 5 | 13.35 | 80.07 | 12 | | 70 × 120 | 2 | 5.84 | 35.04 | 29 | | 70 × 120 | 2.5 | 7.26 | 43.57 | 23 | | 70 × 120 | 3 | 8.67 | 52 | 19 | | 80 × 100 | 2 | 4.51 | 27.06 | 37 | | 80 × 100 | 2.4 | 6.6 | 39.61 | 25 | | 80 × 100 | 2.5 | 5.59 | 33.54 | 30 | | 80 × 100 | 2.9 | 7.93 | 47.59 | 21 | | 80 × 100 | 3 | 6.61 | 39.66 | 25 | | 80 × 100 | 4 | 8.71 | 52.26 | 19 | | 80 × 100 | 5 | 13.35 | 80.07 | 12 | | 80 × 100 | 6 | 15.83 | 94.96 | 11 | | 80 × 120 | 2 | 4.97 | 29.82 | 34 | | 80 × 120 | 2.4 | 7.36 | 44.13 | 23 | | 80 × 120 | 2.5 | 6.19 | 37.14 | 27 | | 80 × 120 | 2.9 | 8.84 | 53.05 | 19 | | 80 × 120 | 3 | 7.37 | 44.22 | 23 | | 80 × 120 | 4 | 9.71 | 58.26 | 17 | | 80 × 120 | 5 | 14.92 | 89.49 | 11 | | 80 × 120 | 6 | 17.71 | 106.26 | 9 | | 80 × 120 | 8 | 23.11 | 138.66 | 7 | | 80 × 140 | 2.5 | 8.44 | 50.63 | 20 | | 80 × 140 | 3 | 10.08 | 60.47 | 17 | | 80 × 140 | 4 | 13.31 | 79.88 | 13 | | 80 × 140 | 5 | 16.49 | 98.91 | 10 | | 80 × 140 | 6 | 19.59 | 117.56 | 9 | | 80 × 140 | 8 | 25.62 | 153.73 | 7 | | 80 × 160 | 2.5 | 9.22 | 55.34 | 18 | | 80 × 160 | 3 | 11.02 | 66.13 | 15 | | 80 × 160 | 4 | 14.57 | 87.42 | 11 | | 80 × 160 | 5 | 18.06 | 108.33 | 9 | | 80 × 160 | 6 | 21.48 | 128.87 | 8 | | 80 × 160 | 8 | 28.13 | 168.8 | 6 | | 80 × 200 | 3 | 12.91 | 77.43 | 13 | | 80 × 200 | 4 | 17.08 | 102.49 | 10 | | 80 × 200 | 5 | 21.2 | 127.17 | 8 | | 80 × 200 | 6 | 25.25 | 151.48 | 7 | | 100 × 120 | 2.5 | 8.44 | 50.63 | 20 | | 100 × 120 | 3 | 10.08 | 60.47 | 17 | | 100 × 120 | 4 | 13.31 | 79.88 | 13 | | 100 × 120 | 5 | 16.49 | 98.91 | 10 | | 100 × 120 | 6 | 19.59 | 117.56 | 9 | | 100 × 120 | 8 | 25.62 | 153.73 | 7 | | 100 × 150 | 3 | 9.3 | 55.8 | 18 | | 100 × 150 | 4 | 12.3 | 73.8 | 14 | | 100 × 150 | 5 | 19.31 | 115.83 | 9 | | 100 × 150 | 6 | 22.42 | 134.52 | 7 | | 100 × 150 | 8 | 29.39 | 176.34 | 6 | | 100 × 180 | 3 | 12.91 | 77.43 | 13 | | 100 × 180 | 4 | 17.08 | 102.49 | 10 | | 100 × 180 | 5 | 21.2 | 127.17 | 8 | | 100 × 180 | 6 | 25.25 | 151.48 | 7 | | 100 × 200 | 3 | 11.68 | 70.08 | 14 | | 100 × 200 | 4 | 15.57 | 93.42 | 11 | | 100 × 200 | 5 | 22.77 | 136.59 | 7 | | 100 × 200 | 6 | 27.13 | 162.78 | 6 | | 100 × 200 | 8 | 35.67 | 214.02 | 5 | | 150 × 200 | 3 | 13.71 | 82.26 | 12 | | 150 × 200 | 4 | 18.28 | 109.68 | 9 | | 150 × 200 | 5 | 26.69 | 160.14 | 6 | | 150 × 200 | 6 | 31.84 | 191.04 | 5 | | 150 × 200 | 8 | 41.95 | 251.7 | 4 | | 150 × 250 | 4 | 24.62 | 147.71 | 7 | | 150 × 250 | 5 | 30.62 | 183.69 | 5 | | 150 × 250 | 6 | 36.55 | 219.3 | 5 | | 150 × 250 | 8 | 48.23 | 289.38 | 3 | | 150 × 250 | 10 | 59.66 | 357.96 | 3 | | 200 × 300 | 5 | 33.07 | 198.42 | 5 | | 200 × 300 | 6 | 45.97 | 275.82 | 4 | | 200 × 300 | 8 | 60.79 | 364.74 | 3 | | 200 × 300 | 10 | 75.36 | 452.16 | 2 | _Nominal mass per EN 10219-2; 6 m standard length, 12 m on request._ ### Grades, standards and tolerances | Grade / standard | Yield (MPa) | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | S355J2H — EN 10219-1 | ≥ 355 | the structural grade for thick-wall sections; 27 J at −20 °C | | S235JRH | ≥ 235 | stock in 5–6 mm walls | | S275J0H | ≥ 275 | to order | | S355J2H hot-finished (EN 10210) | ≥ 355 | sharper corners, no cold-work stress; to order, +20 % | | ASTM A500 Gr. C | ≥ 345 | ASTM projects | _EN 10219-2 tolerances; corner radius 2.0–3.0 t on thick walls; strip certificates 3.1; sections CE-marked for EN 1090 fabrication._ ### Section properties of the common thick-wall sizes | Size (mm) | kg/m | A (cm²) | I (cm⁴) | W (cm³) | i (cm) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 100 × 100 × 5 | 14.7 | 18.7 | 271 | 54.2 | 3.81 | | 100 × 100 × 6 | 17.4 | 22.2 | 311 | 62.3 | 3.74 | | 120 × 120 × 6 | 21.2 | 27.0 | 562 | 93.7 | 4.56 | | 150 × 150 × 6 | 26.8 | 34.2 | 1 160 | 154 | 5.82 | | 150 × 150 × 8 | 35.1 | 44.7 | 1 470 | 196 | 5.73 | | 200 × 200 × 8 | 47.7 | 60.7 | 3 660 | 366 | 7.76 | | 200 × 200 × 10 | 58.8 | 74.9 | 4 390 | 439 | 7.66 | | 250 × 250 × 10 | 74.5 | 94.9 | 8 940 | 715 | 9.70 | | 100 × 200 × 6 | 26.8 | 34.2 | 1 700 / 570 | 170 / 114 | 7.05 / 4.08 | | 150 × 250 × 8 | 47.7 | 60.7 | 4 990 / 2 220 | 399 / 296 | 9.07 / 6.05 | | 200 × 300 × 10 | 74.5 | 94.9 | 11 500 / 6 100 | 767 / 610 | 11.0 / 8.02 | _Rectangular: values about the strong / weak axis. Design to EN 1993-1-1 with the cold-formed section class; buckling curve c._ ### Lengths and stock Length 6 and 12 m (+50/−0); cut lengths ±3 mm. Stock at Dilovası: 100×100×5, 100×100×6, 120×120×5, 150×150×6 in S235JRH and S355J2H; 100×200×5/6, 120×200×6; 8 and 10 mm walls and 200 mm+ sections from our mill or partner mills in 2–3 weeks. EN 10219-2 tolerances; ends square-cut for columns on request. ### Cutting, welding, plates and galvanizing Square cutting for columns, mitring for frames, plasma/laser copes; welding of base plates, cap plates, cleats and splices under EN 1090-2 EXC2/EXC3 with low-hydrogen consumables (S355J2H: preheat above 8 mm on restrained joints); hot-dip galvanizing to EN ISO 1461 with vent/drain holes; blast-and-prime. Columns delivered as complete assemblies on request. ### Where it is used - Columns of warehouses, mezzanines and multi-storey light buildings - Crane-runway posts and gantry legs - Truss chords and large space-frame members - Machine bases, press frames and heavy equipment skids - Masts, sign gantries and lighting towers - Bridge railings, bollards and heavy guard structures ### Thick-wall hollow section vs H-beam column For a column of given capacity a square hollow section is 15–30 % lighter than an HEA/HEB because its radius of gyration is the same in both directions and its buckling curve is favourable; it is also cleaner to clad and paint. The H-beam wins on connection simplicity (bolted beams to flanges) and on price per ton. Compare with HEA beams and HEB beams; for the grade see S355J2H hollow sections. ### Price Thick-wall sections are priced per ton on the heavy-tube list; the bands below separate 5–6 mm S235JRH stock from 8–10 mm S355J2H. Plates, cutting and galvanizing per piece. - Thick-wall SHS/RHS 5–6 mm · S235JRH: USD 770–1200 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - Thick-wall 8–10 mm · S355J2H: USD 850–1280 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Packing for Thick-wall hollow sections: bundles of one size (0.8–2 t), four steel straps, corner boards, a tag with size × wall × length, grade, heat and count; coated sections are separated with paper. 6 m bundles fill a 40' HC at 24–25 t; 12 m on flat-rack or breakbulk from Derince. Tariff 7306.61. - Moq: 10 t - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock 100×100×5 – 150×150×6: 3–7 working days; 8–10 mm and 200 mm+ 2–3 weeks - Packing: Bundles 1.5–3 t or loose above 200 mm, strapped, tagged - Container: 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t of 6 m; 12 m flat-rack / breakbulk - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1, CE DoP (EN 10219-1), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight above 100 t ### Certificates Thick-wall hollow sections carries the EN 10204 3.1 certificate of the strip it was rolled from (heat, analysis, tensile) plus our mill's dimensional and weld-test record; CE marking under EN 10219-1 and 3.2 witnessing are available per lot. ### How to order Send size × wall × length, grade, quantity, end preparation (square-cut, base plates), coating and the design standard (EN 10219 or EN 10210 hot-finished); column schedules welcome. ### FAQ **What is a thick-wall hollow section?** A square or rectangular hollow section with 5–10 mm wall in sizes from 100×100 to 250×250 / 200×300 mm, cold-formed to EN 10219 in S235JRH or S355J2H, used for columns, crane posts and heavy frames. **How much does 150×150×6 SHS weigh?** 26.8 kg/m — 161 kg per 6 m bar, 322 kg per 12 m; 200×200×8 is 47.7 kg/m. **Is cold-formed thick-wall tube acceptable for structures?** Yes — EN 10219 sections are CE-marked structural products designed to EN 1993-1-1; hot-finished EN 10210 is required only where the specification says so (sharper corners, no cold-work stress). **What grade for hollow-section columns?** S355J2H (27 J at −20 °C) is the standard for columns and crane structures; S235JRH for lightly loaded posts. **What is the maximum wall you make?** 8 mm on our own mill; 10 mm and above from partner mills in 2–3 weeks. ## S355J2H Hollow Section URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/sections/s355j2h-hollow-section/ ST52 kutu profil, S355 box section, high-tensile hollow section — the tube an engineer asks for when the calculation says 355. Same mill, same sizes as our S235JRH range, a stronger strip and a certificate with −20 °C impact values; the difference is 50 % more capacity for about 60 USD/t. ### What is S355J2H hollow sections? S355J2H is the EN 10219 designation for cold-formed hollow sections made from S355J2 strip: S for structural, 355 MPa minimum yield, J2 for 27 J Charpy impact at −20 °C, H for hollow section; material number 1.0576. The market calls it ST52 box section after the DIN name of the plate. The strip is the same fine-grained, fully killed S355J2 that structural plate is rolled from — carbon ≤ 0.22 %, manganese ≤ 1.60 %, P and S ≤ 0.025 % — and the tube is formed and welded exactly like our S235JRH range, so sizes, weights and tolerances are identical; only the certificate changes, and with it the capacity. In EN 1993 design the higher yield lets a column or a truss chord carry 51 % more, or the section drop one size, which is why S355J2H has become the default for anything with a real load calculation: building columns, crane structures, bridges, chassis, wind and solar supports. The −20 °C impact guarantee is what separates it from S355J0H and makes it acceptable for outdoor and dynamic structures under EN 1993-1-10. We roll it in 40×40 to 250×250 square and to 200×300 rectangular, 3–10 mm, and stock the structural sizes. ### Square sizes rolled in S355J2H From 40×40×3 upward; masses per EN 10219-2 are the same as S235JRH — the strength is in the grade, not the weight. | Size (mm) | Wall (mm) | kg/m | kg per 6 m bar | Bars per ton | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 15 × 15 | 1.5 | 0.64 | 3.84 | 260 | | 15 × 15 | 2 | 0.82 | 4.92 | 203 | | 16 × 16 | 1.5 | 0.68 | 4.1 | 244 | | 20 × 20 | 1.5 | 0.85 | 5.1 | 196 | | 20 × 20 | 1.9 | 1.04 | 6.24 | 160 | | 20 × 20 | 2 | 1.09 | 6.54 | 153 | | 20 × 20 | 2.5 | 1.37 | 8.22 | 122 | | 25 × 25 | 1.5 | 1.07 | 6.42 | 156 | | 25 × 25 | 1.9 | 1.32 | 7.92 | 126 | | 25 × 25 | 2 | 1.38 | 8.28 | 121 | | 25 × 25 | 2.5 | 1.73 | 10.38 | 96 | | 25 × 25 | 3 | 2.05 | 12.3 | 81 | | 30 × 30 | 1.5 | 1.26 | 7.56 | 132 | | 30 × 30 | 1.9 | 1.56 | 9.36 | 107 | | 30 × 30 | 2 | 1.64 | 9.84 | 102 | | 30 × 30 | 2.5 | 2.06 | 12.36 | 81 | | 30 × 30 | 3 | 2.45 | 14.7 | 68 | | 30 × 30 | 4 | 3.18 | 19.08 | 52 | | 35 × 35 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 9 | 111 | | 35 × 35 | 2 | 1.95 | 11.7 | 85 | | 35 × 35 | 2.5 | 2.39 | 14.34 | 70 | | 35 × 35 | 3 | 2.82 | 16.92 | 59 | | 40 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.67 | 10.02 | 100 | | 40 × 40 | 1.9 | 2.08 | 12.48 | 80 | | 40 × 40 | 2 | 2.18 | 13.08 | 76 | | 40 × 40 | 2.4 | 2.58 | 15.48 | 65 | | 40 × 40 | 2.5 | 2.69 | 16.14 | 62 | | 40 × 40 | 2.9 | 3.09 | 18.54 | 54 | | 40 × 40 | 3 | 3.22 | 19.32 | 52 | | 40 × 40 | 4 | 4.19 | 25.14 | 40 | | 40 × 40 | 5 | 5.13 | 30.78 | 32 | | 45 × 45 | 1.5 | 1.91 | 11.46 | 87 | | 45 × 45 | 2 | 2.5 | 15 | 67 | | 45 × 45 | 2.5 | 3.09 | 18.54 | 54 | | 45 × 45 | 3 | 3.66 | 21.96 | 46 | | 45 × 45 | 4 | 4.77 | 28.62 | 35 | | 45 × 45 | 5 | 5.85 | 35.1 | 28 | | 50 × 50 | 1.5 | 1.83 | 10.98 | 91 | | 50 × 50 | 1.9 | 2.28 | 13.68 | 73 | | 50 × 50 | 2 | 2.39 | 14.34 | 70 | | 50 × 50 | 2.4 | 2.83 | 16.98 | 59 | | 50 × 50 | 2.5 | 2.95 | 17.7 | 56 | | 50 × 50 | 2.9 | 3.4 | 20.4 | 49 | | 50 × 50 | 3 | 3.55 | 21.3 | 47 | | 50 × 50 | 4 | 4.66 | 27.96 | 36 | | 50 × 50 | 5 | 5.74 | 34.44 | 29 | | 60 × 60 | 1.5 | 2.25 | 13.5 | 74 | | 60 × 60 | 1.9 | 2.78 | 16.68 | 60 | | 60 × 60 | 2 | 2.91 | 17.46 | 57 | | 60 × 60 | 2.4 | 3.43 | 20.58 | 49 | | 60 × 60 | 2.5 | 3.58 | 21.48 | 47 | | 60 × 60 | 2.9 | 4.17 | 25.02 | 40 | | 60 × 60 | 3 | 4.36 | 26.16 | 38 | | 60 × 60 | 4 | 5.73 | 34.38 | 29 | | 60 × 60 | 5 | 7.07 | 42.42 | 24 | | 70 × 70 | 1.5 | 2.67 | 16.02 | 62 | | 70 × 70 | 1.9 | 3.35 | 20.1 | 50 | | 70 × 70 | 2 | 3.5 | 21 | 48 | | 70 × 70 | 2.4 | 4 | 24 | 42 | | 70 × 70 | 2.5 | 4.17 | 25.02 | 40 | | 70 × 70 | 2.9 | 4.88 | 29.28 | 34 | | 70 × 70 | 3 | 5.1 | 30.6 | 33 | | 70 × 70 | 4 | 6.73 | 40.38 | 25 | | 70 × 70 | 5 | 8.32 | 49.92 | 20 | | 70 × 70 | 6 | 10 | 60 | 17 | | 75 × 75 | 2 | 3.76 | 22.56 | 44 | | 75 × 75 | 3 | 5.57 | 33.42 | 30 | | 80 × 80 | 1.5 | 3.08 | 18.48 | 54 | | 80 × 80 | 1.9 | 3.83 | 22.98 | 44 | | 80 × 80 | 2 | 4.01 | 24.06 | 42 | | 80 × 80 | 2.4 | 4.79 | 28.74 | 35 | | 80 × 80 | 2.5 | 5 | 30 | 33 | | 80 × 80 | 2.9 | 5.82 | 34.92 | 29 | | 80 × 80 | 3 | 6.1 | 36.6 | 27 | | 80 × 80 | 4 | 8.06 | 48.36 | 21 | | 80 × 80 | 5 | 10 | 60 | 17 | | 80 × 80 | 6 | 12.07 | 72.42 | 14 | | 90 × 90 | 2 | 5.53 | 33.16 | 30 | | 90 × 90 | 2.4 | 6.6 | 39.61 | 25 | | 90 × 90 | 2.5 | 6.87 | 41.21 | 24 | | 90 × 90 | 2.9 | 7.93 | 47.59 | 21 | | 90 × 90 | 3 | 8.2 | 49.17 | 20 | | 90 × 90 | 4 | 10.8 | 64.81 | 15 | | 90 × 90 | 5 | 13.35 | 80.07 | 12 | | 90 × 90 | 6 | 15.83 | 94.96 | 11 | | 100 × 100 | 2 | 5.05 | 30.3 | 33 | | 100 × 100 | 2.4 | 6.06 | 36.36 | 28 | | 100 × 100 | 2.5 | 6.33 | 37.98 | 26 | | 100 × 100 | 2.9 | 7.35 | 44.1 | 23 | | 100 × 100 | 3 | 7.67 | 46.02 | 22 | | 100 × 100 | 4 | 10.16 | 60.96 | 16 | | 100 × 100 | 5 | 12.6 | 75.6 | 13 | | 100 × 100 | 6 | 15.36 | 92.16 | 11 | | 100 × 100 | 8 | 20.46 | 122.76 | 8 | | 110 × 110 | 2.5 | 8.44 | 50.63 | 20 | | 110 × 110 | 3 | 10.08 | 60.47 | 17 | | 110 × 110 | 4 | 13.31 | 79.88 | 13 | | 110 × 110 | 5 | 16.49 | 98.91 | 10 | | 110 × 110 | 6 | 19.59 | 117.56 | 9 | | 110 × 110 | 8 | 25.62 | 153.73 | 7 | | 120 × 120 | 2.5 | 7.68 | 46.08 | 22 | | 120 × 120 | 3 | 9.29 | 55.74 | 18 | | 120 × 120 | 4 | 12.36 | 74.16 | 13 | | 120 × 120 | 5 | 15.42 | 92.52 | 11 | | 120 × 120 | 6 | 18.79 | 112.74 | 9 | | 120 × 120 | 8 | 25.49 | 152.94 | 7 | | 140 × 140 | 3 | 10.91 | 65.46 | 15 | | 140 × 140 | 4 | 14.54 | 87.24 | 11 | | 140 × 140 | 5 | 18.14 | 108.84 | 9 | | 140 × 140 | 6 | 22.18 | 133.08 | 8 | | 140 × 140 | 8 | 30.16 | 180.96 | 6 | | 150 × 150 | 3 | 11.68 | 70.08 | 14 | | 150 × 150 | 4 | 15.57 | 93.42 | 11 | | 150 × 150 | 5 | 19.44 | 116.64 | 9 | | 150 × 150 | 6 | 23.75 | 142.5 | 7 | | 150 × 150 | 8 | 32.32 | 193.92 | 5 | | 175 × 175 | 3 | 13.71 | 82.26 | 12 | | 175 × 175 | 4 | 18.28 | 109.68 | 9 | | 175 × 175 | 5 | 22.83 | 136.98 | 7 | | 175 × 175 | 6 | 27.94 | 167.64 | 6 | | 175 × 175 | 8 | 38.07 | 228.42 | 4 | | 200 × 200 | 4 | 21 | 126 | 8 | | 200 × 200 | 5 | 26.24 | 157.44 | 6 | | 200 × 200 | 6 | 32.13 | 192.78 | 5 | | 200 × 200 | 8 | 43.83 | 262.98 | 4 | | 200 × 200 | 10 | 56.94 | 341.64 | 3 | | 250 × 250 | 5 | 33.07 | 198.42 | 5 | | 250 × 250 | 6 | 40.51 | 243.06 | 4 | | 250 × 250 | 8 | 55.35 | 332.1 | 3 | | 250 × 250 | 10 | 74.07 | 444.42 | 2 | _Nominal mass per EN 10219-2 with corner radii; 6 m standard length, 12 m on request._ ### Rectangular sizes rolled in S355J2H From 40×80×3 upward. | Size (mm) | Wall (mm) | kg/m | kg per 6 m bar | Bars per ton | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 10 × 20 | 1.5 | 0.64 | 3.84 | 260 | | 10 × 20 | 2 | 0.82 | 4.92 | 203 | | 10 × 30 | 1.5 | 0.85 | 5.1 | 196 | | 10 × 30 | 1.9 | 1.08 | 6.48 | 154 | | 10 × 30 | 2 | 1.09 | 6.54 | 153 | | 10 × 30 | 2.5 | 1.37 | 8.24 | 121 | | 10 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.11 | 6.64 | 151 | | 10 × 40 | 2 | 1.44 | 8.66 | 115 | | 10 × 40 | 2.5 | 1.77 | 10.6 | 94 | | 10 × 50 | 1.5 | 1.34 | 8.05 | 124 | | 10 × 50 | 2 | 1.76 | 10.55 | 95 | | 15 × 25 | 1.5 | 0.85 | 5.1 | 196 | | 15 × 25 | 1.9 | 1.08 | 6.48 | 154 | | 15 × 25 | 2 | 1.09 | 6.54 | 153 | | 15 × 25 | 2.5 | 1.37 | 8.24 | 121 | | 15 × 30 | 1.5 | 0.99 | 5.93 | 169 | | 15 × 30 | 2 | 1.29 | 7.72 | 130 | | 15 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.23 | 7.35 | 136 | | 15 × 40 | 2 | 1.6 | 9.61 | 104 | | 15 × 45 | 1.5 | 1.34 | 8.05 | 124 | | 15 × 45 | 2 | 1.76 | 10.55 | 95 | | 20 × 30 | 1.5 | 1.07 | 6.42 | 156 | | 20 × 30 | 1.9 | 1.38 | 8.27 | 121 | | 20 × 30 | 2 | 1.38 | 8.28 | 121 | | 20 × 30 | 2.5 | 1.73 | 10.38 | 96 | | 20 × 30 | 3 | 2.05 | 12.3 | 81 | | 20 × 35 | 1.5 | 1.23 | 7.35 | 136 | | 20 × 35 | 2 | 1.6 | 9.61 | 104 | | 20 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.34 | 8.05 | 124 | | 20 × 40 | 1.9 | 1.68 | 10.06 | 99 | | 20 × 40 | 2 | 1.76 | 10.55 | 95 | | 20 × 40 | 2.5 | 2.16 | 12.95 | 77 | | 20 × 40 | 3 | 2.54 | 15.26 | 66 | | 20 × 40 | 4 | 3.27 | 19.6 | 51 | | 20 × 50 | 1.5 | 1.58 | 9.47 | 106 | | 20 × 50 | 2 | 2.07 | 12.43 | 80 | | 20 × 50 | 2.5 | 2.55 | 15.31 | 65 | | 20 × 50 | 3 | 3.01 | 18.08 | 55 | | 20 × 60 | 1.5 | 1.81 | 10.88 | 92 | | 20 × 60 | 2 | 2.39 | 14.32 | 70 | | 20 × 80 | 1.5 | 2.28 | 13.7 | 73 | | 20 × 80 | 2 | 3.01 | 18.08 | 55 | | 20 × 80 | 2.5 | 3.73 | 22.37 | 45 | | 20 × 80 | 3 | 4.43 | 26.56 | 38 | | 20 × 100 | 2 | 3.64 | 21.85 | 46 | | 25 × 35 | 1.5 | 1.34 | 8.05 | 124 | | 25 × 35 | 2 | 1.76 | 10.55 | 95 | | 25 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.46 | 8.76 | 114 | | 25 × 40 | 2 | 1.92 | 11.49 | 87 | | 25 × 40 | 2.5 | 2.36 | 14.13 | 71 | | 25 × 40 | 3 | 2.78 | 16.67 | 60 | | 25 × 50 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 10.18 | 98 | | 25 × 50 | 2 | 2.2 | 13.19 | 76 | | 25 × 50 | 2.5 | 2.75 | 16.49 | 61 | | 25 × 50 | 3 | 3.25 | 19.5 | 51 | | 30 × 40 | 1.5 | 1.49 | 8.94 | 112 | | 30 × 40 | 1.9 | 1.98 | 11.85 | 84 | | 30 × 40 | 2 | 1.93 | 11.58 | 86 | | 30 × 40 | 2.5 | 2.39 | 14.34 | 70 | | 30 × 40 | 3 | 2.83 | 16.98 | 59 | | 30 × 50 | 1.5 | 1.81 | 10.88 | 92 | | 30 × 50 | 1.9 | 2.27 | 13.64 | 73 | | 30 × 50 | 2 | 2.36 | 14.13 | 71 | | 30 × 50 | 2.4 | 2.83 | 17 | 59 | | 30 × 50 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 17.42 | 57 | | 30 × 50 | 2.9 | 3.38 | 20.27 | 49 | | 30 × 50 | 3 | 3.49 | 20.91 | 48 | | 30 × 50 | 4 | 4.52 | 27.13 | 37 | | 30 × 50 | 5 | 5.5 | 32.97 | 30 | | 30 × 60 | 1.5 | 2.05 | 12.29 | 81 | | 30 × 60 | 2 | 2.67 | 16.01 | 62 | | 30 × 60 | 2.5 | 3.34 | 20.02 | 50 | | 30 × 60 | 3 | 3.95 | 23.68 | 42 | | 30 × 60 | 4 | 5.15 | 30.9 | 32 | | 30 × 60 | 5 | 6.28 | 37.68 | 27 | | 30 × 70 | 1.5 | 2.28 | 13.7 | 73 | | 30 × 70 | 1.9 | 2.87 | 17.22 | 58 | | 30 × 70 | 2 | 3.01 | 18.08 | 55 | | 30 × 70 | 2.5 | 3.73 | 22.37 | 45 | | 30 × 70 | 3 | 4.43 | 26.56 | 38 | | 30 × 70 | 4 | 5.78 | 34.67 | 29 | | 30 × 80 | 1.5 | 2.52 | 15.12 | 66 | | 30 × 80 | 2 | 3.33 | 19.97 | 50 | | 30 × 80 | 2.5 | 4.12 | 24.73 | 40 | | 30 × 80 | 3 | 4.9 | 29.39 | 34 | | 30 × 80 | 4 | 6.41 | 38.44 | 26 | | 30 × 80 | 5 | 7.85 | 47.1 | 21 | | 30 × 90 | 2 | 3.64 | 21.85 | 46 | | 30 × 90 | 2.5 | 4.51 | 27.08 | 37 | | 30 × 90 | 3 | 5.37 | 32.21 | 31 | | 30 × 100 | 1.5 | 2.99 | 17.95 | 56 | | 30 × 100 | 2 | 3.96 | 23.74 | 42 | | 30 × 100 | 2.5 | 4.91 | 29.44 | 34 | | 30 × 100 | 3 | 5.84 | 35.04 | 29 | | 30 × 100 | 4 | 7.66 | 45.97 | 22 | | 30 × 100 | 5 | 9.42 | 56.52 | 18 | | 30 × 110 | 1.5 | 3.23 | 19.36 | 52 | | 40 × 50 | 1.5 | 1.91 | 11.46 | 87 | | 40 × 50 | 2 | 2.5 | 15 | 67 | | 40 × 50 | 2.5 | 3.09 | 18.54 | 54 | | 40 × 50 | 3 | 3.66 | 21.96 | 46 | | 40 × 50 | 4 | 5.15 | 30.9 | 32 | | 40 × 50 | 5 | 6.28 | 37.68 | 27 | | 40 × 60 | 1.5 | 1.83 | 10.98 | 91 | | 40 × 60 | 1.9 | 2.87 | 17.22 | 58 | | 40 × 60 | 2 | 2.39 | 14.34 | 70 | | 40 × 60 | 2.4 | 3.59 | 21.52 | 46 | | 40 × 60 | 2.5 | 2.95 | 17.7 | 56 | | 40 × 60 | 2.9 | 4.29 | 25.73 | 39 | | 40 × 60 | 3 | 3.55 | 21.3 | 47 | | 40 × 60 | 4 | 5.77 | 34.64 | 29 | | 40 × 60 | 5 | 7.07 | 42.39 | 24 | | 40 × 70 | 1.5 | 2.52 | 15.12 | 66 | | 40 × 70 | 2 | 3.33 | 19.97 | 50 | | 40 × 70 | 2.5 | 4.12 | 24.73 | 40 | | 40 × 70 | 3 | 4.9 | 29.39 | 34 | | 40 × 70 | 4 | 6.41 | 38.44 | 26 | | 40 × 70 | 5 | 7.85 | 47.1 | 21 | | 40 × 80 | 1.5 | 2.76 | 16.53 | 60 | | 40 × 80 | 1.9 | 3.47 | 20.8 | 48 | | 40 × 80 | 2 | 3.61 | 21.66 | 46 | | 40 × 80 | 2.4 | 4.34 | 26.05 | 38 | | 40 × 80 | 2.5 | 4.51 | 27.08 | 37 | | 40 × 80 | 2.9 | 5.2 | 31.2 | 32 | | 40 × 80 | 3 | 5.32 | 31.91 | 31 | | 40 × 80 | 4 | 6.98 | 41.9 | 24 | | 40 × 80 | 5 | 8.64 | 51.81 | 19 | | 40 × 100 | 1.5 | 3.23 | 19.36 | 52 | | 40 × 100 | 1.9 | 4.06 | 24.38 | 41 | | 40 × 100 | 2 | 4.27 | 25.62 | 39 | | 40 × 100 | 2.4 | 5.09 | 30.56 | 33 | | 40 × 100 | 2.5 | 5.3 | 31.79 | 31 | | 40 × 100 | 2.9 | 6.11 | 36.66 | 27 | | 40 × 100 | 3 | 6.31 | 37.87 | 26 | | 40 × 100 | 4 | 8.29 | 49.74 | 20 | | 40 × 100 | 5 | 10.21 | 61.23 | 16 | | 40 × 100 | 6 | 12.06 | 72.35 | 14 | | 40 × 120 | 2 | 4.9 | 29.39 | 34 | | 40 × 120 | 2.5 | 6.08 | 36.5 | 27 | | 40 × 120 | 3 | 7.25 | 43.52 | 23 | | 40 × 120 | 4 | 9.55 | 57.28 | 17 | | 40 × 120 | 5 | 11.78 | 70.65 | 14 | | 40 × 130 | 2.5 | 6.48 | 38.86 | 26 | | 40 × 130 | 3 | 7.72 | 46.34 | 22 | | 40 × 130 | 4 | 10.17 | 61.04 | 16 | | 40 × 130 | 5 | 12.56 | 75.36 | 13 | | 40 × 140 | 3 | 8.2 | 49.17 | 20 | | 40 × 140 | 4 | 10.8 | 64.81 | 15 | | 40 × 140 | 5 | 13.35 | 80.07 | 12 | | 50 × 60 | 1.5 | 2.52 | 15.12 | 66 | | 50 × 60 | 2 | 3.33 | 19.97 | 50 | | 50 × 60 | 2.5 | 4.12 | 24.73 | 40 | | 50 × 60 | 3 | 4.9 | 29.39 | 34 | | 50 × 60 | 4 | 6.41 | 38.44 | 26 | | 50 × 60 | 5 | 7.85 | 47.1 | 21 | | 50 × 70 | 2 | 3.64 | 21.85 | 46 | | 50 × 70 | 2.5 | 4.51 | 27.08 | 37 | | 50 × 70 | 3 | 5.37 | 32.21 | 31 | | 50 × 70 | 4 | 7.03 | 42.2 | 24 | | 50 × 70 | 5 | 8.64 | 51.81 | 19 | | 50 × 80 | 1.5 | 2.73 | 16.38 | 61 | | 50 × 80 | 2 | 3.55 | 21.3 | 47 | | 50 × 80 | 2.5 | 4.37 | 26.22 | 38 | | 50 × 80 | 3 | 5.18 | 31.08 | 32 | | 50 × 80 | 4 | 6.79 | 40.74 | 25 | | 50 × 80 | 5 | 9.42 | 56.52 | 18 | | 50 × 90 | 1.5 | 3.23 | 19.36 | 52 | | 50 × 90 | 1.9 | 4.06 | 24.38 | 41 | | 50 × 90 | 2 | 4.27 | 25.62 | 39 | | 50 × 90 | 2.4 | 5.09 | 30.56 | 33 | | 50 × 90 | 2.5 | 5.3 | 31.79 | 31 | | 50 × 90 | 2.9 | 6.11 | 36.66 | 27 | | 50 × 90 | 3 | 6.31 | 37.87 | 26 | | 50 × 90 | 4 | 8.29 | 49.74 | 20 | | 50 × 90 | 5 | 10.21 | 61.23 | 16 | | 50 × 90 | 6 | 12.06 | 72.35 | 14 | | 50 × 100 | 1.5 | 3.46 | 20.77 | 48 | | 50 × 100 | 1.9 | 4.36 | 26.17 | 38 | | 50 × 100 | 2 | 4.58 | 27.5 | 36 | | 50 × 100 | 2.4 | 5.47 | 32.83 | 30 | | 50 × 100 | 2.5 | 5.69 | 34.15 | 29 | | 50 × 100 | 2.9 | 6.57 | 39.39 | 25 | | 50 × 100 | 3 | 6.87 | 41.21 | 24 | | 50 × 100 | 4 | 9.02 | 54.14 | 18 | | 50 × 100 | 5 | 10.99 | 65.94 | 15 | | 50 × 100 | 6 | 13 | 78 | 13 | | 50 × 120 | 2.5 | 6.48 | 38.86 | 26 | | 50 × 120 | 3 | 7.72 | 46.34 | 22 | | 50 × 120 | 4 | 10.17 | 61.04 | 16 | | 50 × 120 | 5 | 12.56 | 75.36 | 13 | | 50 × 150 | 2 | 6.15 | 36.92 | 27 | | 50 × 150 | 2.5 | 7.65 | 45.92 | 22 | | 50 × 150 | 3 | 9.14 | 54.82 | 18 | | 50 × 150 | 4 | 12.06 | 72.35 | 14 | | 50 × 150 | 5 | 14.92 | 89.49 | 11 | | 50 × 150 | 6 | 17.71 | 106.26 | 9 | | 60 × 80 | 1.5 | 2.82 | 16.92 | 59 | | 60 × 80 | 1.9 | 4.06 | 24.38 | 41 | | 60 × 80 | 2 | 3.7 | 22.2 | 45 | | 60 × 80 | 2.4 | 5.09 | 30.56 | 33 | | 60 × 80 | 2.5 | 4.58 | 27.48 | 36 | | 60 × 80 | 2.9 | 6.11 | 36.66 | 27 | | 60 × 80 | 3 | 5.41 | 32.46 | 31 | | 60 × 80 | 4 | 7.06 | 42.36 | 24 | | 60 × 80 | 5 | 10.21 | 61.23 | 16 | | 60 × 80 | 6 | 12.06 | 72.35 | 14 | | 60 × 100 | 1.5 | 3.7 | 22.18 | 45 | | 60 × 100 | 1.9 | 4.66 | 27.95 | 36 | | 60 × 100 | 2 | 4.9 | 29.39 | 34 | | 60 × 100 | 2.4 | 5.85 | 35.09 | 28 | | 60 × 100 | 2.5 | 6.08 | 36.5 | 27 | | 60 × 100 | 2.9 | 7.02 | 42.13 | 24 | | 60 × 100 | 3 | 7.24 | 43.43 | 23 | | 60 × 100 | 4 | 9.52 | 57.14 | 17 | | 60 × 100 | 5 | 11.78 | 70.65 | 14 | | 60 × 100 | 6 | 13.94 | 83.65 | 12 | | 60 × 120 | 2 | 5.53 | 33.16 | 30 | | 60 × 120 | 2.4 | 6.6 | 39.61 | 25 | | 60 × 120 | 2.5 | 6.87 | 41.21 | 24 | | 60 × 120 | 2.9 | 7.93 | 47.59 | 21 | | 60 × 120 | 3 | 8.2 | 49.17 | 20 | | 60 × 120 | 4 | 11.03 | 66.19 | 15 | | 60 × 120 | 5 | 13.68 | 82.08 | 12 | | 60 × 120 | 6 | 15.83 | 94.96 | 11 | | 60 × 140 | 2.5 | 7.65 | 45.92 | 22 | | 60 × 140 | 3 | 9.14 | 54.82 | 18 | | 60 × 140 | 4 | 12.06 | 72.35 | 14 | | 60 × 140 | 5 | 14.92 | 89.49 | 11 | | 60 × 140 | 6 | 17.71 | 106.26 | 9 | | 70 × 100 | 2.5 | 6.48 | 38.86 | 26 | | 70 × 100 | 3 | 7.72 | 46.34 | 22 | | 70 × 100 | 4 | 10.17 | 61.04 | 16 | | 70 × 100 | 5 | 12.56 | 75.36 | 13 | | 70 × 110 | 3 | 8.2 | 49.17 | 20 | | 70 × 110 | 4 | 10.8 | 64.81 | 15 | | 70 × 110 | 5 | 13.35 | 80.07 | 12 | | 70 × 120 | 2 | 5.84 | 35.04 | 29 | | 70 × 120 | 2.5 | 7.26 | 43.57 | 23 | | 70 × 120 | 3 | 8.67 | 52 | 19 | | 80 × 100 | 2 | 4.51 | 27.06 | 37 | | 80 × 100 | 2.4 | 6.6 | 39.61 | 25 | | 80 × 100 | 2.5 | 5.59 | 33.54 | 30 | | 80 × 100 | 2.9 | 7.93 | 47.59 | 21 | | 80 × 100 | 3 | 6.61 | 39.66 | 25 | | 80 × 100 | 4 | 8.71 | 52.26 | 19 | | 80 × 100 | 5 | 13.35 | 80.07 | 12 | | 80 × 100 | 6 | 15.83 | 94.96 | 11 | | 80 × 120 | 2 | 4.97 | 29.82 | 34 | | 80 × 120 | 2.4 | 7.36 | 44.13 | 23 | | 80 × 120 | 2.5 | 6.19 | 37.14 | 27 | | 80 × 120 | 2.9 | 8.84 | 53.05 | 19 | | 80 × 120 | 3 | 7.37 | 44.22 | 23 | | 80 × 120 | 4 | 9.71 | 58.26 | 17 | | 80 × 120 | 5 | 14.92 | 89.49 | 11 | | 80 × 120 | 6 | 17.71 | 106.26 | 9 | | 80 × 120 | 8 | 23.11 | 138.66 | 7 | | 80 × 140 | 2.5 | 8.44 | 50.63 | 20 | | 80 × 140 | 3 | 10.08 | 60.47 | 17 | | 80 × 140 | 4 | 13.31 | 79.88 | 13 | | 80 × 140 | 5 | 16.49 | 98.91 | 10 | | 80 × 140 | 6 | 19.59 | 117.56 | 9 | | 80 × 140 | 8 | 25.62 | 153.73 | 7 | | 80 × 160 | 2.5 | 9.22 | 55.34 | 18 | | 80 × 160 | 3 | 11.02 | 66.13 | 15 | | 80 × 160 | 4 | 14.57 | 87.42 | 11 | | 80 × 160 | 5 | 18.06 | 108.33 | 9 | | 80 × 160 | 6 | 21.48 | 128.87 | 8 | | 80 × 160 | 8 | 28.13 | 168.8 | 6 | | 80 × 200 | 3 | 12.91 | 77.43 | 13 | | 80 × 200 | 4 | 17.08 | 102.49 | 10 | | 80 × 200 | 5 | 21.2 | 127.17 | 8 | | 80 × 200 | 6 | 25.25 | 151.48 | 7 | | 100 × 120 | 2.5 | 8.44 | 50.63 | 20 | | 100 × 120 | 3 | 10.08 | 60.47 | 17 | | 100 × 120 | 4 | 13.31 | 79.88 | 13 | | 100 × 120 | 5 | 16.49 | 98.91 | 10 | | 100 × 120 | 6 | 19.59 | 117.56 | 9 | | 100 × 120 | 8 | 25.62 | 153.73 | 7 | | 100 × 150 | 3 | 9.3 | 55.8 | 18 | | 100 × 150 | 4 | 12.3 | 73.8 | 14 | | 100 × 150 | 5 | 19.31 | 115.83 | 9 | | 100 × 150 | 6 | 22.42 | 134.52 | 7 | | 100 × 150 | 8 | 29.39 | 176.34 | 6 | | 100 × 180 | 3 | 12.91 | 77.43 | 13 | | 100 × 180 | 4 | 17.08 | 102.49 | 10 | | 100 × 180 | 5 | 21.2 | 127.17 | 8 | | 100 × 180 | 6 | 25.25 | 151.48 | 7 | | 100 × 200 | 3 | 11.68 | 70.08 | 14 | | 100 × 200 | 4 | 15.57 | 93.42 | 11 | | 100 × 200 | 5 | 22.77 | 136.59 | 7 | | 100 × 200 | 6 | 27.13 | 162.78 | 6 | | 100 × 200 | 8 | 35.67 | 214.02 | 5 | | 150 × 200 | 3 | 13.71 | 82.26 | 12 | | 150 × 200 | 4 | 18.28 | 109.68 | 9 | | 150 × 200 | 5 | 26.69 | 160.14 | 6 | | 150 × 200 | 6 | 31.84 | 191.04 | 5 | | 150 × 200 | 8 | 41.95 | 251.7 | 4 | | 150 × 250 | 4 | 24.62 | 147.71 | 7 | | 150 × 250 | 5 | 30.62 | 183.69 | 5 | | 150 × 250 | 6 | 36.55 | 219.3 | 5 | | 150 × 250 | 8 | 48.23 | 289.38 | 3 | | 150 × 250 | 10 | 59.66 | 357.96 | 3 | | 200 × 300 | 5 | 33.07 | 198.42 | 5 | | 200 × 300 | 6 | 45.97 | 275.82 | 4 | | 200 × 300 | 8 | 60.79 | 364.74 | 3 | | 200 × 300 | 10 | 75.36 | 452.16 | 2 | _Nominal mass per EN 10219-2; 6 m standard length, 12 m on request._ ### Grades, standards and tolerances | Grade / standard | Yield (MPa) | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | S355J2H (EN 10219-1, 1.0576) | ≥ 355 | tensile 470–630 MPa, A ≥ 20 %, 27 J at −20 °C | | S355J0H | ≥ 355 | 0 °C impact, to order | | S355J2H hot-finished (EN 10210) | ≥ 355 | to order, +20 % | | S235JRH | ≥ 235 | the standard grade — see square hollow section | | ASTM A500 Gr. C | ≥ 345 | nearest ASTM | _The H suffix means hollow section; J2 = 27 J at −20 °C. Yield is taken on the strip; the cold-formed corners are harder — EN 1993-1-3 allows an increased average yield for cold-formed sections._ ### Lengths and stock Lengths 6 and 12 m (+50/−0); cut lengths ±3 mm. Stock at Dilovası: 60×60×3, 80×80×4, 100×100×4/5/6, 120×120×5, 150×150×6, 100×200×5/6, 120×200×6 in S355J2H; other sizes and 8–10 mm walls rolled in 1–3 weeks. EN 10219-2 tolerances; CE-marked; 3.1 certificates with impact values. ### Cutting, welding and galvanizing Sawing, mitring, 3D laser copes and holes; welding with low-hydrogen consumables (E50 / G46), preheat 50–75 °C on walls above 8 mm or restrained joints, heat input controlled to keep the −20 °C toughness; base plates, cleats, splices and trusses fabricated under EN 1090-2 EXC2/EXC3; hot-dip galvanizing to EN ISO 1461 with vent holes (silicon of the strip is controlled for galvanizing). ### Where it is used - Columns and trusses of warehouses, halls and multi-storey buildings - Crane-runway posts, gantries and lifting frames - Bridge parapets, footbridges and pedestrian structures - Truck and trailer chassis with a strength specification - Wind, solar and telecom support structures - Heavy machine frames and press structures ### S355J2H vs S235JRH hollow section Same sizes, same weights, 51 % more yield and a guaranteed −20 °C impact value for about 60 USD/t more. If the member is strength-governed (columns, chords, crane structures) S355J2H makes it lighter or the section smaller; if it is deflection-governed or lightly loaded, S235JRH square and rectangular tube are the economical choice. For the plate grade behind it see S355J2 steel plate; for the heavy end, thick-wall hollow sections. ### Price S355J2H carries a grade premium of about 60 USD/t over S235JRH tube of the same size; the bands below cover the stocked structural range and the heavy walls. Fabrication and galvanizing per piece or per ton. - S355J2H SHS/RHS 60×60–150×150 · 3–6 mm: USD 820–1270 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - S355J2H 8–10 mm · 150–250 mm: USD 850–1280 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Packing for S355J2H hollow sections: bundles of one size (0.8–2 t), four steel straps, corner boards, a tag with size × wall × length, grade, heat and count; coated sections are separated with paper. 6 m bundles fill a 40' HC at 24–25 t; 12 m on flat-rack or breakbulk from Derince. Tariff 7306.61. - Moq: 10 t (mixed sizes accepted) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock 60×60×3 – 150×150×6, 100×200×5/6: 3–7 working days; others 1–3 weeks - Packing: Bundles 1–3 t, strapped, tagged - Container: 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t of 6 m; 12 m flat-rack - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1, CE DoP (EN 10219-1), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight above 100 t ### Certificates S355J2H hollow sections carries the EN 10204 3.1 certificate of the strip it was rolled from (heat, analysis, tensile) plus our mill's dimensional and weld-test record; CE marking under EN 10219-1 and 3.2 witnessing are available per lot. ### How to order Send size × wall × length, quantity, the design standard (EN 10219 or EN 10210), impact requirement (J2 standard), end preparation and coating; we confirm stock or mill date within a day. ### FAQ **What is S355J2H?** The structural grade of EN 10219 cold-formed hollow sections (1.0576): 355 MPa minimum yield, 470–630 MPa tensile, 27 J impact at −20 °C — the ST52 box section used for columns, trusses and crane structures. **What does the H in S355J2H mean?** H stands for hollow section; the grade corresponds to S355J2 plate rolled and welded into tube. **What is the difference between S355J2H and S235JRH?** Yield 355 vs 235 MPa (51 % more), −20 °C vs +20 °C impact test, about 60 USD/t more; same sizes and weights. **Is S355J2H available in 12 m?** Yes — 12 m from 60×60 upward; 6 m standard; cut lengths on request. **What is the ASTM equivalent of S355J2H?** ASTM A500 Grade C (345 MPa yield) is the nearest cold-formed structural tube grade. ## C & Z Purlins URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/sections/c-z-purlins/ Every pre-engineered building needs purlins and girts, and they should arrive punched, labelled and ready to bolt: we roll C and Z purlins from S350GD+Z275 strip on our own lines, 100 to 350 mm deep, 1.5 to 3.0 mm thick, up to 13.5 m long, with holes to your drawing, plus cleats, sleeves, sag rods and bridging. Also in ZM (zinc-magnesium) for solar and coastal work. ### What is a purlin, and C or Z? Purlins are the secondary members that span between rafters and carry the roof sheeting; girts do the same on walls. Cold-formed galvanized C and Z sections replaced hot-rolled channels because they weigh 30–40% less for the same span and arrive punched and galvanized. Z purlins nest: overlapped over the rafter they form a continuous beam that carries 15–25% more load than a simple span, which is why Z is the choice for long roofs on pre-engineered buildings. C purlins are symmetric, easier to detail at gables, cladding rails and eaves, and are used in single spans, as girts, and wherever the section must be flush. Both are lipped (return flanges) for stiffness; unlipped U purlins are for light applications. ### Profile pages Each purlin type has its own page with section table, kg/m, span guide and system details: C purlins for single spans, girts and framing, and Z purlins for lapped and sleeved continuous roofs. Battens and sub-frames are covered by the omega profile. ### Section table — Z purlins | Section | Depth (mm) | Thickness (mm) | kg/m | Ix (cm⁴) | Wx (cm³) | Typical span* | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Z100 × 1.5 | 100 | 1.5 | 2.9 | 58 | 11.6 | 3.0 m | | Z120 × 1.5 | 120 | 1.5 | 3.2 | 92 | 15.3 | 3.5 m | | Z150 × 1.5 | 150 | 1.5 | 3.6 | 163 | 21.7 | 4.5 m | | Z150 × 2.0 | 150 | 2.0 | 4.8 | 215 | 28.7 | 5.0 m | | Z175 × 2.0 | 175 | 2.0 | 5.2 | 310 | 35.4 | 5.5 m | | Z200 × 2.0 | 200 | 2.0 | 5.6 | 437 | 43.7 | 6.0 m | | Z200 × 2.5 | 200 | 2.5 | 7.0 | 543 | 54.3 | 6.5 m | | Z250 × 2.5 | 250 | 2.5 | 8.0 | 907 | 72.6 | 7.5 m | | Z250 × 3.0 | 250 | 3.0 | 9.6 | 1 083 | 86.6 | 8.0 m | | Z300 × 3.0 | 300 | 3.0 | 10.8 | 1 700 | 113 | 9.0 m | | Z350 × 3.0 | 350 | 3.0 | 12.0 | 2 500 | 143 | 10 m | _* purlin spacing 1.5 m, roof load 1.0 kN/m² (dead + live/wind), continuous overlapped system, deflection L/200. Guide only — designed per EN 1993-1-3 by the engineer._ ### Section table — C purlins | Section | Depth | Thickness | kg/m | Ix (cm⁴) | Wx (cm³) | Simple span* | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | C100 × 1.5 | 100 | 1.5 | 2.9 | 57 | 11.4 | 2.5 m | | C120 × 1.5 | 120 | 1.5 | 3.2 | 88 | 14.7 | 3.0 m | | C150 × 1.5 | 150 | 1.5 | 3.6 | 150 | 20.0 | 3.5 m | | C150 × 2.0 | 150 | 2.0 | 4.8 | 197 | 26.3 | 4.0 m | | C175 × 2.0 | 175 | 2.0 | 5.2 | 290 | 33.1 | 4.5 m | | C200 × 2.0 | 200 | 2.0 | 5.6 | 410 | 41.0 | 5.0 m | | C200 × 2.5 | 200 | 2.5 | 7.0 | 510 | 51.0 | 5.5 m | | C250 × 2.5 | 250 | 2.5 | 8.0 | 860 | 68.8 | 6.5 m | | C250 × 3.0 | 250 | 3.0 | 9.6 | 1 020 | 81.6 | 7.0 m | | C300 × 3.0 | 300 | 3.0 | 10.8 | 1 600 | 107 | 8.0 m | _* simply supported, 1.5 m spacing, 1.0 kN/m², L/200. Section properties vary slightly with flange width; exact values on the datasheet._ ### Continuous systems: sleeved and overlapped Z purlins are supplied overlapped (300–600 mm lap over the rafter, bolted through the web) or with sleeves (short heavier Z pieces at each support) to act as continuous beams. Overlapped Z is the economical standard; sleeved is used where all purlins must be the same length. C purlins are single-span with butt joints on cleats, or sleeved for continuity. Our drawing office prepares the punching layout from the fabricator's frame drawings — hole positions for cleats, laps, sag rods, bridging and sheeting rails — so every piece arrives labelled by grid line. ### Material and coating | Grade | Yield | Coating | Where | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | S280GD+Z275 | 280 MPa | Zinc 275 g/m² | Standard EU / Balkan buildings | | S350GD+Z275 | 350 MPa | Zinc 275 g/m² | Export standard — Gulf, Africa, CIS (lighter sections) | | S450GD+Z275 | 450 MPa | Zinc 275 g/m² | Long spans, high wind/snow | | S350GD+ZM250 / ZM310 | 350 MPa | Zinc-magnesium | Solar structures, coastal, 25-yr warranty | | Black (S235JR HRPO) + paint / HDG | 235–355 | Painted or hot-dip after forming | Heavy 3–4 mm girts, painted structures | ### Accessories - Purlin cleats (welded to rafters or bolted), 3–6 mm galvanized - Sleeves for continuous Z/C systems - Sag rods Ø12–16 mm with nuts, or galvanized bridging channels - Eaves struts, apex ties, sheeting rails and fly bracing - Bolts M12 8.8 galvanized, self-drilling screws for sheeting - Matching trapezoidal or corrugated sheet and flashings from the same plant ### Purlin price per ton and per metre Purlins are priced per ton (or per metre) from the galvanized strip band plus roll-forming and punching: as a guide S350GD+Z275 purlins sit 12–20% above the pre-galvanized hollow-section band on the hollow sections page; ZM adds 8–15%. Firm price per punched drawing within one working day. - Z275 C/Z purlins 100–350 mm: on request / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Nested bundles of 20–40 purlins (0.5–1.5 t), strapped on bearers, labelled by grid line; up to 11.8 m in a 40' HC (about 20–24 t), 13.5 m by truck or flat-rack. HS code 7216.61 (cold-formed sections from flat-rolled products). - Moq: 1 truck or 1 × 40' HC (≈ 20–24 t); sections mixed - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau / Almaty - Lead: 10–15 working days from drawing approval - Packing: Nested bundles 0.5–1.5 t on bearers, strapped, labelled by grid line - Container: 40' HC ≈ 20–24 t (≤ 11.8 m) · truck 22–24 t (≤ 13.5 m) - Docs: Invoice, packing list per bundle, EN 10204 3.1, punching drawings, CE (EN 1090) on request, certificate of origin - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight via London office ### Certificates EN 10204 3.1 for the strip (grade, zinc mass), our dimensional record, CE declaration under EN 1090-1 (EXC2) for structural purlins on request, certificate of origin; SASO, SONCAP, COC, EAC arranged. ### How to order Send the frame drawings or a purlin schedule (section, thickness, length, hole pattern, quantity), grade and coating, and port. We return the punching drawing for approval, then quote per ton and per metre with bundle plan and lead time (10–15 working days). ### FAQ **What is a purlin used for?** To carry the roof sheeting between rafters (and, as girts, the wall cladding between columns). Cold-formed galvanized C and Z purlins are the standard in pre-engineered steel buildings. **What is the difference between C and Z purlins?** Z purlins nest and overlap over the rafter to form continuous beams — lighter for long roofs; C purlins are symmetric, easier at gables and as girts, used in single spans. Same material and cost per ton. **Are purlins load-bearing?** Yes — they carry the roof or wall cladding plus wind, snow and maintenance loads to the main frame and are designed to EN 1993-1-3 or AISI S100; they are not primary structure. **What purlin sizes are available?** C and Z from 100 to 350 mm deep, 1.5–3.0 mm thick, 3–13.5 m long, in S280GD–S450GD Z275 or ZM; the section tables above list masses and typical spans. **Why is it called a C purlin?** Because its cross-section is a C: web, two flanges and inward lips. Z purlins are Z-shaped with flanges pointing opposite ways, which is what lets them nest. **Do you punch the holes?** Yes — cleat, lap, sag-rod and bridging holes to the fabricator's drawing on the line; every piece is labelled by position. **What is the price of purlins per ton?** Galvanized strip band plus forming and punching: about 12–20% above pre-galvanized hollow sections per ton. Firm price per drawing within one working day. **Do you manufacture purlins yourself?** Yes — roll-formed and punched on our own lines in Dilovası from our galvanized coil stock; roofing sheet and cleats come from the same plant. ## C Purlins URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/sections/c-purlin/ A C purlin is the honest workhorse of the single-span roof: it bolts flat to a cleat, it can be used the same way up on either slope, and it does not need the overlap detailing that a Z demands. For bays up to about 7.5 m it is usually the cheaper answer. ### What is C purlin? A C purlin is a cold-roll-formed lipped channel: a web, two equal flanges and two inward-turned lips that stiffen the flange edges so that a 2 mm sheet can carry a roof. It is made by passing pre-galvanized strip (S280GD or S350GD to EN 10346, zinc Z275) through a train of forming rolls at room temperature — no welding, no heat, the zinc stays intact — and punching the bolt holes in line, so each purlin leaves the mill cut to length, punched and ready to bolt. Because the section is symmetric about its web, a C purlin sits flat on a cleat and takes load through its shear centre only when restrained by the roof sheeting; it is therefore the section for simply supported spans (one purlin per bay, bolted to the rafter cleats at each end), for wall girts, eaves beams, door and window framing, mezzanine joists and any application where a channel is bolted back-to-back or to a flat plate. Its limits are the Z purlin\'s strengths: a C cannot be lapped over a support, so continuous multi-span systems, which cut purlin weight by 20–30 % on long buildings, are done in Z. We manufacture C100 to C300 in 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 mm, with the hole pattern, sag-rod holes and bracing cleats punched to the customer\'s drawing, in lengths 3–13.5 m. ### Grades, standards and tolerances | Grade / standard | Yield (MPa) | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | S280GD+Z275 (EN 10346) | 280 | standard purlin strip; the stock grade | | S350GD+Z275 | 350 | higher-strength purlins, longer spans | | S450GD+Z275 | 450 | to order; maximum span per kg | | DX51D+Z140 / Z275 | ≈ 140 (not guaranteed) | non-structural profiles only | | Zinc Z275 | — | 275 g/m² both sides ≈ 20 µm per side; ZM on request | _Section tolerances to EN 10162; zinc Z275 gives 40–60 years indoors and 15–25 years in an unheated building envelope._ ### C purlin section table | Section | Web × flange × lip (mm) | t (mm) | kg/m | Ix (cm⁴) | Wx (cm³) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | C100 | 100 × 50 × 15 | 1.5 | 2.7 | 55 | 11.0 | | C120 | 120 × 50 × 15 | 1.5 / 2.0 | 2.9 / 3.9 | 85 / 110 | 14.2 / 18.3 | | C150 | 150 × 60 × 20 | 1.5 / 2.0 | 3.5 / 4.7 | 160 / 210 | 21.3 / 28.0 | | C175 | 175 × 65 × 20 | 2.0 / 2.5 | 5.2 / 6.5 | 300 / 370 | 34.3 / 42.3 | | C200 | 200 × 70 × 20 | 2.0 / 2.5 | 5.8 / 7.2 | 430 / 530 | 43.0 / 53.0 | | C225 | 225 × 75 × 20 | 2.0 / 2.5 | 6.4 / 8.0 | 590 / 730 | 52.4 / 64.9 | | C250 | 250 × 75 × 25 | 2.5 / 3.0 | 8.6 / 10.3 | 990 / 1 170 | 79.2 / 93.6 | | C300 | 300 × 80 × 25 | 2.5 / 3.0 | 9.7 / 11.6 | 1 550 / 1 830 | 103 / 122 | _Nominal values for the section as rolled; effective section properties for design to EN 1993-1-3 are lower and are supplied with the calculation note. Other flange and lip sizes on request._ ### Span guide | Section | 0.75 kN/m² total load | 1.0 kN/m² | 1.5 kN/m² | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | C150 × 2.0 | 5.5 m | 5.0 m | 4.2 m | | C175 × 2.0 | 6.0 m | 5.5 m | 4.8 m | | C200 × 2.0 | 6.5 m | 6.0 m | 5.2 m | | C200 × 2.5 | 7.0 m | 6.5 m | 5.6 m | | C250 × 2.5 | 8.0 m | 7.5 m | 6.5 m | | C300 × 3.0 | 9.0 m | 8.5 m | 7.5 m | _Loads are total (dead + imposed/snow) on the roof slope; wind uplift, purlin spacing and sag-rod restraint change the result. For bays above 7.5 m or multi-span continuity, see Z purlins._ ### Lengths and stock C purlins are made to order — every job has its own hole pattern — in 7–12 working days after drawing approval; standard lengths 3–13.5 m in 0.5 m steps, any length within that. Cleats, sag rods (Ø 10–16 mm threaded), bridging, eaves struts and anti-sag bars are supplied with the purlin package so the site gets one delivery. ### Punching, fixing and installation Holes are punched in-line before forming: 14 or 18 mm bolt holes at the ends to the cleat pattern, Ø 12–18 mm sag-rod holes at mid-span or third points, and slots or bracing holes as drawn. Purlins are fixed to rafter cleats with M12/M16 8.8 bolts — two per end for C sections — and the roof or wall sheeting is screwed through the top flange, which is what restrains the section against twist; sag rods at 1/2 or 1/3 span keep the purlins straight under sheeting load and during erection. Cutting on site is by cold saw or grinder with zinc-rich touch-up; do not flame-cut or weld galvanized purlins except with extraction and repair. ### Where it is used - Roof purlins on single-span portal frames and trusses (bays to ≈ 7.5 m) - Wall girts and eaves beams - Mezzanine floor joists and platform framing - Door, window and louvre framing in cladding - Back-to-back C sections as light beams and columns - Solar-mount and agricultural building framing ### C purlin vs Z purlin A Z purlin can be lapped over the rafter to make a continuous beam, cutting weight 20–30 % on buildings of three bays or more, but its unequal flanges must be oriented correctly and it needs the sleeve or overlap detail. A C purlin is simpler, symmetric and cheaper per piece on short single spans, girts and framing. Both come from the same strip; the C & Z purlin overview compares systems, and for cladding battens and framing the lighter omega profile and M profile apply. ### Price C purlins are priced per ton (or per metre) on the section, thickness, quantity and punching pattern — the galvanized strip price is the base and forming, punching and length add per job — so we quote against the drawing rather than from a list band. Cleats and accessories are quoted per piece. - C purlins 100–300 mm, S280GD/S350GD Z275: on request / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing C purlin is bundled per size and length in strapped packs of 1–2 t with timber bearers and edge boards, nested (C in C, Z in Z, omega stacked) to save volume; each bundle tagged with section, thickness, length, count and heat. A 40' HC takes 20–24 t of nested 6–12 m purlins; up to 13.5 m by flat-rack or breakbulk from Derince. Customs heading 7216.61. - Moq: 5 t per section size - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: 7–12 working days after drawing approval - Packing: Nested bundles 1–2 t, strapped, timber bearers, tagged - Container: 40' HC ≈ 20–24 t nested; 13.5 m by flat-rack - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (strip), CE DoP (EN 1090-1), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight above 100 t ### Certificates C purlin carries the EN 10204 3.1 certificate of the galvanized strip (grade, yield, zinc mass) and our roll-forming record (section dimensions, hole pattern check, length); CE marking under EN 1090-1 execution class 2 and a structural calculation note per span are supplied on request. ### How to order Send the purlin schedule or the building drawing: section (e.g. C200), thickness, grade (S280GD / S350GD), zinc (Z275), lengths and quantity per length, hole pattern (cleat, sag rod, bracing), accessories, and the delivery port; we return a quotation and a shop drawing for approval within two working days. ### FAQ **What is a C purlin?** A cold-roll-formed lipped channel section in galvanized high-strength strip (100–300 mm deep, 1.5–3 mm thick) used as a roof purlin, wall girt or light framing member, bolted flat to cleats on the rafters. **What sizes of C purlin do you make?** C100 to C300 in 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 mm, lengths 3–13.5 m, from S280GD or S350GD Z275 strip, punched to drawing. **How far can a C200 purlin span?** As a guide, C200 × 2.0 spans about 6 m at 1.0 kN/m² total load and 1.5 m spacing; C200 × 2.5 about 6.5 m. Design to the actual loads with the calculation note we supply. **What is the weight of a C purlin per metre?** From 2.7 kg/m (C100 × 1.5) to 11.6 kg/m (C300 × 3.0) — see the section table. **C purlin or Z purlin — which should I use?** C for single spans, girts and framing up to about 7.5 m; Z for continuous multi-span roofs where lapping saves 20–30 % of steel. **Are C purlins galvanized?** Yes — rolled from pre-galvanized Z275 strip (275 g/m²), so the zinc is continuous and no post-treatment is needed; ZM coating on request. ## Z Purlins URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/sections/z-purlin/ On a 100 m warehouse the difference between C and Z purlins is a truckload of steel. The Z's lap over each rafter turns twelve simple spans into one continuous beam, and that continuity is what every pre-engineered building designer counts on. ### What is Z purlin? A Z purlin is a cold-roll-formed zed: a web with one flange turned each way, both flanges lipped, and — the detail that matters — the two flanges made slightly different in width so that one purlin can be dropped inside the next and the two bolted together through the webs. That nesting is what makes a Z system continuous: at every rafter the purlin from bay A laps 10–15 % of the span over the purlin from bay B (or both are bolted into a short heavier sleeve), the joint transmits bending moment, and the whole run behaves as a multi-span beam whose mid-span moments are roughly 30 % lower than a simple span\'s. The designer either spans further with the same section or drops a size — a 20–30 % saving in purlin steel on any building of three bays or more, which is why Z purlins are the standard of pre-engineered steel buildings from 30 m warehouses to 300 m distribution centres. The Z is also the right section on a sloping roof: with the top flange pointing up-slope, the section\'s principal axis lines up with the load and the purlin deflects in the plane of the roof less than a C. The price is care in erection (every purlin has an orientation and a lap end) and a heavier hole pattern. We roll Z120 to Z350 in 1.5–3.0 mm from S280GD and S350GD Z275, punch lap, sleeve, cleat, sag-rod and bracing holes to the drawing, and supply sleeves, cleats and sag rods with the package. ### Grades, standards and tolerances | Grade / standard | Yield (MPa) | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | S280GD+Z275 (EN 10346) | 280 | standard purlin strip; the stock grade | | S350GD+Z275 | 350 | higher-strength purlins, longer spans | | S450GD+Z275 | 450 | to order; maximum span per kg | | DX51D+Z140 / Z275 | ≈ 140 (not guaranteed) | non-structural profiles only | | Zinc Z275 | — | 275 g/m² both sides ≈ 20 µm per side; ZM on request | _For lapped systems S350GD is the usual grade — the lap bolts and web bearing at the cleat govern; S450GD on request for maximum span per kilogram._ ### Z purlin section table | Section | Web × flanges × lip (mm) | t (mm) | kg/m | Ix (cm⁴) | Wx (cm³) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Z120 | 120 × 50/47 × 15 | 1.5 / 2.0 | 2.9 / 3.8 | 80 / 105 | 13.4 / 17.5 | | Z150 | 150 × 60/57 × 20 | 1.5 / 2.0 | 3.5 / 4.6 | 155 / 205 | 20.7 / 27.3 | | Z175 | 175 × 65/62 × 20 | 2.0 / 2.5 | 5.1 / 6.3 | 290 / 355 | 33.1 / 40.6 | | Z200 | 200 × 70/67 × 20 | 2.0 / 2.5 | 5.7 / 7.1 | 420 / 515 | 42.0 / 51.5 | | Z225 | 225 × 75/72 × 20 | 2.0 / 2.5 | 6.3 / 7.8 | 575 / 710 | 51.1 / 63.1 | | Z250 | 250 × 75/72 × 25 | 2.5 / 3.0 | 8.5 / 10.1 | 960 / 1 140 | 76.8 / 91.2 | | Z300 | 300 × 80/77 × 25 | 2.5 / 3.0 | 9.6 / 11.4 | 1 510 / 1 790 | 101 / 119 | | Z350 | 350 × 90/87 × 25 | 2.5 / 3.0 | 10.9 / 13.0 | 2 350 / 2 780 | 134 / 159 | _Flange widths are given as broad/narrow to allow nesting. Effective properties for EN 1993-1-3 design and the lap-joint capacities are in the calculation note._ ### Lapped and sleeved systems | System | Detail at rafter | Lap / sleeve length | Steel saving vs simple span | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Simple span (C or Z) | one purlin per bay on cleats | — | 0 | small buildings, cheapest detailing | | Lapped Z | purlins nest and bolt through webs over the rafter | 10–15 % of span each side (≥ 600 mm) | 20–30 % | the PEB standard; end bays often one size heavier | | Sleeved Z | both purlins bolt into a 1.2–1.6 m sleeve of the next size | sleeve 1.2–1.6 m | 15–25 % | equal-length purlins, easier logistics | | Double-span Z | purlins two bays long, staggered | butted | 10–15 % | lengths to 13.5 m needed | | Heavy-end-bay | end bays thicker or lapped longer | — | — | end-bay moments are highest | _Cleats, lap bolts (M12/M16 8.8), sleeves and anti-sag systems are dimensioned with the purlin design and supplied in the package._ ### Lengths and stock Z purlins are made to order in 7–12 working days after drawing approval, in lengths 3–13.5 m. A typical PEB order is a purlin schedule with lap lengths per line, end-bay sections, sleeves, cleats, sag rods, eaves struts and bridging — we deliver the complete purlin package, bundled per roof line. ### Punching, lapping and erection Lap and sleeve holes are punched in line to the exact pattern (typically 4 × M12 or M16 per lap, web-to-web); cleat holes 18 mm slotted for tolerance; sag-rod holes at 1/2 or 1/3 span. On site each Z is placed with its broad flange up-slope and its lap end over the correct rafter (we mark orientation and lap ends on the bundle tags), bolted through the lap, then to the cleat; the sheeting is screwed to the top flange and restrains the section. Cold-saw cutting only; touch up with zinc-rich paint. ### Where it is used - Roof purlins on multi-bay portal-frame buildings (PEB) - Wall girts in continuous lapped runs - Long-span warehouses, distribution centres, hangars - Roof purlins on sloping roofs where in-plane deflection matters - Solar and canopy structures with continuous runs - Re-roofing over existing frames with fewer supports ### Z purlin vs C purlin A C purlin is simpler and symmetric — right for single spans, girts and framing up to about 7.5 m, and cheaper per piece. The Z earns its detailing on buildings of three bays or more, where lapping saves 20–30 % of purlin steel. The C & Z purlin overview compares the systems; for cladding sub-frames the lighter omega profile applies. ### Price Z purlins are quoted per ton or per metre against the purlin schedule — section, thickness, grade, lap pattern and quantity set the price on top of the galvanized strip base — rather than from a list band; sleeves, cleats and sag rods are priced per piece in the same offer. - Z purlins 120–350 mm, S280GD/S350GD Z275: on request / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Z purlin is bundled per size and length in strapped packs of 1–2 t with timber bearers and edge boards, nested (C in C, Z in Z, omega stacked) to save volume; each bundle tagged with section, thickness, length, count and heat. A 40' HC takes 20–24 t of nested 6–12 m purlins; up to 13.5 m by flat-rack or breakbulk from Derince. Customs heading 7216.61. - Moq: 5 t per section size - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: 7–12 working days after drawing approval - Packing: Nested bundles 1–2 t, strapped, timber bearers, tagged - Container: 40' HC ≈ 20–24 t nested; long purlins flat-rack - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (strip), CE DoP (EN 1090-1), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight above 100 t ### Certificates Z purlin carries the EN 10204 3.1 certificate of the galvanized strip (grade, yield, zinc mass) and our roll-forming record (section dimensions, hole pattern check, length); CE marking under EN 1090-1 execution class 2 and a structural calculation note per span are supplied on request. ### How to order Send the purlin schedule or building drawings: section, thickness, grade, zinc, lengths and quantities per roof line, lap or sleeve system, hole pattern, accessories and destination port; a quotation and shop drawing follow within two working days. ### FAQ **What is a Z purlin?** A cold-roll-formed lipped zed section in galvanized high-strength strip whose unequal flanges let purlins nest and lap over the rafters, making a continuous multi-span roof beam that uses 20–30 % less steel than simple spans. **What is the difference between Z and C purlins?** Z purlins lap over supports to form continuous systems and align with sloping-roof loads; C purlins are symmetric, sit flat on cleats and suit single spans, girts and framing. Both are rolled from the same Z275 strip. **What sizes of Z purlin do you make?** Z120 to Z350 in 1.5–3.0 mm, lengths 3–13.5 m, S280GD or S350GD Z275, punched for lapped or sleeved systems. **How long should the lap be?** 10–15 % of the span on each side of the rafter, minimum 600 mm; end bays often get a longer lap or a heavier section because their moments are highest. **How far can a Z200 purlin span?** In a lapped continuous system at 1.5 m spacing and 1.0 kN/m², Z200 × 2.0 handles bays of about 7–7.5 m; Z250 × 2.5 about 9 m. Design to the actual loads with the calculation note. ## Light Gauge Steel Profiles URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/sections/light-gauge-czm-purlins/ The thin profiles behind cladding, ceilings, partitions and steel-framed houses: omega and top-hat battens, sigma purlins, C studs and U tracks for LGS framing, M and furring channels for façade sub-frames — roll-formed on our lines from 0.5–3.0 mm galvanized strip, punched and cut to drawing. Standard sections from stock, custom profiles from 5 t. ### Profile families and what they do | Profile | Shape | Sizes (mm) | Thickness | Use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Omega / hat | Hat with two feet | 20×20 to 80×60, feet 20–30 | 0.5–2.0 | Cladding and roofing battens, façade sub-frames, ceiling grids, solar rails | | Top-hat | Wide hat | 40–100 wide | 0.75–1.5 | Purlin over insulation, battens for tile roofs | | Sigma | Σ with stiffened web | 120–300 deep | 1.5–3.0 | Purlins and girts with high torsional stiffness, mezzanine joists | | C stud (LGS) | Lipped C | 70, 89, 100, 150, 200 × 41–50 | 0.75–2.0 | Load-bearing wall studs, floor joists, roof trusses | | U track | Unlipped U | 72, 92, 103, 153, 203 × 40–50 | 0.75–2.0 | Top and bottom tracks for studs | | M / furring channel | Hat with narrow feet | M 60 / 70 / 100; furring 38×12, 50×20 | 0.5–1.0 | Ceiling and drywall framing, façade rails | | Z light | Z | 60–150 | 1.0–2.0 | Cladding rails, spacer purlins | | Angle / L | L | 20×20 to 60×60 | 0.6–2.0 | Trims, fixings, drywall corners | ### Profile pages The profiles in this family each have a page with sizes, kg/m and fixing guides: omega / hat profiles for cladding sub-frames, roof battens and solar rails, and M profiles / furring channels for ceilings and wall lining. Structural roof members are the C purlins and Z purlins. ### Omega and hat profiles | Size (web × height, mm) | Feet (mm) | Thickness | kg/m | Typical use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 20 × 20 | 20 | 0.5–0.8 | 0.35–0.55 | Ceiling grid, cladding batten | | 30 × 30 | 25 | 0.6–1.0 | 0.55–0.90 | Cladding rail | | 40 × 40 | 30 | 0.8–1.5 | 0.85–1.60 | Façade sub-frame, roof batten (most ordered) | | 50 × 40 | 30 | 1.0–1.5 | 1.10–1.65 | Sandwich-panel spacer, cladding | | 60 × 50 | 30 | 1.2–2.0 | 1.50–2.50 | Roof batten over insulation, solar rails | | 80 × 60 | 40 | 1.5–2.0 | 2.30–3.10 | Heavy cladding, purlin spacer | ### LGS framing: C studs and U tracks | Section | Web × flange × lip (mm) | Thickness | kg/m | Use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | C70 / U72 | 70 × 41 × 8 / 72 × 40 | 0.75–1.0 | 1.2–1.6 | Partitions, non-load-bearing | | C89 / U92 | 89 × 41 × 10 / 92 × 40 | 0.75–1.5 | 1.4–2.7 | Load-bearing walls (1–2 storeys), most used | | C100 / U103 | 100 × 50 × 12 / 103 × 50 | 1.0–2.0 | 1.9–3.6 | Walls, floor joists | | C150 / U153 | 150 × 50 × 15 / 153 × 50 | 1.2–2.0 | 2.6–4.3 | Floor joists, roof trusses | | C200 / U203 | 200 × 50 × 15 / 203 × 50 | 1.5–2.5 | 3.6–5.9 | Long-span floors | | C250 / C300 | 250–300 × 63 × 18 | 2.0–3.0 | 5.5–8.5 | Mezzanine joists, rafters | _Web service holes (Ø25–100) punched at 600 mm centres, notched and dimpled ends for LGS machines, or plain for site assembly._ ### Material and coating DX51D+Z140 for non-structural battens and ceilings; S280GD / S350GD+Z275 for load-bearing studs, purlins and sigma sections (EN 1993-1-3 design uses the guaranteed yield); ZM250–ZM310 for solar rails, coastal cladding sub-frames and 25-year warranties; pre-painted +Z for visible battens. Thickness tolerance per EN 10143, profile per EN 10162. ### Custom profiles Beyond the standard sections we build tooling for customer profiles — special hats, cladding rails with clip slots, solar rails, shelving uprights, door frames, trailer and container parts — from 5 t per section; tooling cost is quoted separately or amortised. Lead time for new tooling 3–5 weeks, then 7–12 working days per run. See also oval and custom profiles. ### Applications - Ventilated façade sub-frames (omega, L, M) behind ACM, fibre-cement, stone and metal cladding - Roof battens for tile, standing-seam and sandwich-panel systems - Light-gauge steel houses, villas, site camps, extensions (C/U framing kits) - Drywall partitions and suspended ceilings (EN 14195 studs, tracks, furring) - Solar-panel mounting rails (omega / hat in ZM) - Mezzanine floors and purlins (sigma, C 250–300) ### Price per ton and per metre Priced per ton from the galvanized strip band plus roll-forming, punching and cutting, or per metre for standard sections; thin (0.5–0.8 mm) and small profiles cost more per ton than heavy ones. As a guide, standard omega and LGS sections sit 15–25% above the pre-galvanized hollow-section band. Firm price per section list within one working day. - Omega / sigma profiles: on request / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Nested bundles 0.3–1.0 t, strapped on bearers, labelled; LGS kits bundled per wall panel with the cutting list. 40' HC ≈ 18–22 t (volume-limited for thin profiles). HS code 7216.61. - Moq: 5 t per section; 1 truck or 1 × 40' HC - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau / Almaty - Lead: Standard sections 7–12 working days; new tooling 3–5 weeks - Packing: Nested bundles 0.3–1.0 t on bearers, strapped, labelled per panel/position - Container: 40' HC ≈ 18–22 t (volume-limited) · truck 20–24 t - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1, section drawings, CE (EN 1090) on request, certificate of origin - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy ### Certificates EN 10204 3.1 for the strip, dimensional record per section, CE under EN 1090-1 for load-bearing profiles on request, certificate of origin. ### How to order Send the section (drawing or standard code), thickness, grade and coating, length, punching, quantity and port. Reply within one working day; standard sections ship in 7–12 working days. ### FAQ **What is an omega profile used for?** As a batten or rail: it fixes cladding, roofing and solar panels to the structure while leaving a ventilated gap; the two feet screw to the support and the hat carries the cladding. 40×40×1.0 Z275 is the most ordered size. **What is light-gauge steel framing?** Structural framing from cold-formed galvanized C studs and U tracks (0.75–2.0 mm, S350GD) assembled into wall panels, floor joists and roof trusses — for houses, villas, camps, extensions and mezzanines. Designed to EN 1993-1-3 or AISI S100. **Can you supply LGS profiles punched for framing machines?** Yes — service holes, dimples, notches and flange holes to the machine's or the engineer's pattern; or plain profiles for site assembly. **What thickness for load-bearing studs?** 1.0–1.5 mm S350GD for one- and two-storey walls (C89/C100), 1.5–2.0 mm for floor joists (C150–C200); non-load-bearing partitions 0.5–0.75 mm. **Do you make custom profiles?** Yes — tooling for your section from 5 t per run, 3–5 weeks for tooling, then 7–12 working days per order. **How are prices quoted?** Per ton or per metre from the galvanized strip band plus forming and punching; thin small profiles are dearer per ton. Firm price per section list within one working day. ## Omega Profiles URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/sections/omega-profile/ Every rain-screen façade and every roof laid over insulation is held on omega profiles: light, straight, galvanized, screwed on by the thousand. They are the simplest section we roll and the one we make in the greatest number of metres. ### What is Omega profile? An omega profile is a cold-roll-formed hat section: two horizontal flanges that fasten to the substrate, two inclined or vertical webs, and a flat crown on top that the cladding, roofing sheet, ceiling board or solar module is fixed to. Its geometry does three things at once — it spaces the outer skin off the structure by the crown height (20–100 mm), it spreads the fixing loads over a stiff closed-ish section so that thin strip (0.5–2.5 mm) can span 0.6–2.5 m between supports, and it leaves a continuous cavity under the crown for ventilation, insulation, wiring or drainage. That is why it is the universal sub-frame of rain-screen façades (fixed to brackets on the wall, cladding cassettes clipped to the crown), the batten of insulated roofs (over the rafters or over rigid insulation, sheet screwed to the crown), the furring of suspended and lined ceilings, the rail of PV mounting systems on trapezoidal roofs, and the support of wall-lining boards in industrial buildings. We roll it from pre-galvanized DX51D+Z140 for non-structural furring and from S280GD+Z275 where the profile carries roof or façade load; slotted webs (thermal break, adjustment) and punched flanges to drawing are done in line; standard crowns 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80 and 100 mm with flange widths to suit the fixing, in 0.5–2.5 mm and lengths to 13.5 m. Aluminium omegas exist for some façade systems, but for spans above a metre and for fire performance galvanized steel remains the standard. ### Grades, standards and tolerances | Grade / standard | Yield (MPa) | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | DX51D+Z140 (EN 10346) | ≈ 140 (not guaranteed) | furring, ceilings, indoor sub-frames | | DX51D+Z275 | ≈ 140 | outdoor battens, unheated buildings | | S280GD+Z275 | 280 | structural battens and façade rails | | S350GD+Z275 | 350 | solar rails, long spans | | ZM120–ZM175 (zinc-magnesium) | — | coastal, cut-edge protection, on request | _Zinc-magnesium (ZM) strip protects cut edges and slots better than Z275 and is offered on 10 t lots._ ### Omega profile section table | Crown height (mm) | Crown width (mm) | Flange width (mm) | t (mm) | kg/m | Typical use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 20 | 30 | 20 | 0.5–0.8 | 0.45–0.72 | ceiling furring, board lining | | 25 | 30 | 25 | 0.6–1.0 | 0.60–1.00 | wall furring, cladding sub-frame ≤ 0.6 m | | 30 | 35 | 25 | 0.8–1.2 | 0.85–1.30 | roof batten over insulation | | 40 | 40 | 30 | 1.0–1.5 | 1.25–1.90 | façade rail, roof batten 0.9–1.2 m | | 50 | 50 | 30 | 1.2–2.0 | 1.75–2.90 | solar rails, façade rail 1.2–1.5 m | | 60 | 50 | 35 | 1.5–2.0 | 2.30–3.05 | ventilated roof spacer, canopy | | 80 | 60 | 40 | 1.5–2.5 | 2.95–4.90 | deep cavity façades, long spans | | 100 | 60 | 40 | 2.0–2.5 | 3.90–4.90 | sub-purlin, mezzanine decking support | _Web angle 75–90° to order; flange and crown widths adjustable within the roll set. Weights for Z275 strip._ ### Span and fixing guide | Profile | Span at 0.6 m spacing | Span at 1.0 m spacing | Fixing | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 25 × 0.8 | 0.9 m | 0.7 m | 2 × 4.8 mm self-drilling screw per flange | | 40 × 1.2 | 1.4 m | 1.1 m | 2 × 5.5 mm screw or M6 anchor | | 50 × 1.5 | 1.8 m | 1.4 m | 2 × 5.5 mm screw / bracket bolt | | 60 × 2.0 | 2.3 m | 1.8 m | M8 through bracket | | 80 × 2.0 | 2.8 m | 2.2 m | M8 / M10 bracket | | 100 × 2.5 | 3.4 m | 2.7 m | M10 bracket | _Slotted webs reduce capacity by 10–20 %; wind suction on façades usually governs — check the pull-out of the fixing as well as the profile._ ### Lengths and stock Common sizes (25, 40, 50 × 1.0–1.5 mm in 3 and 6 m) are usually in stock or rolled within a week; punched, slotted and long profiles are made to order in 10–15 working days. Supplied with matching brackets, thermal-break pads and self-drilling screws on request. ### Cutting, fixing and detailing Cut with a cold saw or nibbler (no abrasive discs on galvanized — burnt zinc); slots and holes are punched in line before forming and are cleaner than site drilling. Fix through both flanges, never through the crown alone, with two fasteners per support; on façades use brackets with a thermal break and slotted holes for adjustment, and let the omega run continuous over at least two supports. Roof battens go perpendicular to the counter-battens; PV rails perpendicular to the trapezoidal ribs with EPDM under the flange. Cut ends can be touched up with zinc paint; ZM strip needs none. ### Where it is used - Rain-screen and cassette façade sub-frames - Roof battens and counter-battens over insulation or sarking - PV / solar mounting rails on trapezoidal and standing-seam roofs - Ceiling furring and wall lining sub-frames - Ventilated roof spacers and canopy purlins - Sandwich-panel and cladding fixing rails on masonry ### Omega vs Z/C purlin vs M profile An omega is a batten and a spacer; a C purlin or Z purlin is a structural roof member for spans of 5–9 m. In between, a 100 mm omega can act as a sub-purlin at 2–3 m spans. For ceilings and boarded walls the smaller M profile (furring channel) is lighter and cheaper; the light-gauge profile overview shows the whole family. ### Price Omega profiles are priced per metre (or per ton) by size, thickness, zinc and punching on top of the galvanized strip base; standard plain sizes are the cheapest section we roll per metre. Quoted per drawing or per size list, not from a list band. - Omega / hat profiles 20–100 mm: on request / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Omega profile is bundled per size and length in strapped packs of 1–2 t with timber bearers and edge boards, nested (C in C, Z in Z, omega stacked) to save volume; each bundle tagged with section, thickness, length, count and heat. A 40' HC takes 20–24 t of nested 6–12 m purlins; up to 13.5 m by flat-rack or breakbulk from Derince. Customs heading 7216.61 / 7216.91. - Moq: 2 t per size (≈ 2 000 m of 40 × 1.0) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Standard sizes 5–8 working days; punched / custom 10–15 - Packing: Stacked and strapped bundles 0.5–1.5 t, paper between rows, timber bearers - Container: 40' HC ≈ 18–22 t (bulky); 20' ≈ 12–14 t - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (strip), certificate of origin; CE DoP where structural - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight above 100 t ### Certificates Omega profiles ship with the EN 10204 3.1 certificate of the galvanized strip (grade, zinc mass) and our forming record; where the profile is a structural member (façade rail, sub-purlin) we add the CE declaration under EN 1090-1 and a span calculation on request. ### How to order Specify crown height and width, flange width, thickness, grade and zinc (DX51D+Z140 / Z275, S280GD+Z275, ZM), length, plain / slotted / punched (with drawing), quantity in metres or pieces, and destination; we confirm within a day. ### FAQ **What is an omega profile?** A cold-roll-formed galvanized hat (top-hat) section — two fixing flanges, two webs and a raised crown — used to hold cladding, roof sheets, ceilings and solar rails off the structure, 20–100 mm high and 0.5–2.5 mm thick. **Is an omega profile the same as a top-hat or hat channel?** Yes — omega, hat, top-hat and hat channel all describe the same Ω-shaped section; the names vary by country and trade. **What sizes do you roll?** Crowns of 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80 and 100 mm, thicknesses 0.5–2.5 mm, lengths to 13.5 m, plain, slotted or punched. **How far can an omega profile span?** From under a metre for a 25 × 0.8 furring to about 3 m for a 100 × 2.5 sub-purlin at 1 kN/m²; see the span guide and check the fixing pull-out under wind suction. **Can omega profiles be used as roof purlins?** As battens and sub-purlins at spans up to 2–3 m yes; for 5–9 m rafter spacings use C or Z purlins. **Do you make aluminium omega profiles?** No — we roll galvanized steel (Z140, Z275, ZM), which is stronger, cheaper and fire-safe for spans above a metre. ## M Profiles URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/sections/m-profile/ The M profile is the section nobody sees and every ceiling hangs from. We roll it in tonnage for drywall distributors and contractors — the same strip and the same line as our omega, one size down and a great deal more of it. ### What is M profile? An M profile is a cold-roll-formed furring channel: a narrow hat section 15–40 mm high with a crown of 20–60 mm and two flanges, rolled from thin galvanized strip (0.5–1.2 mm) so that it can be screwed to timber, steel or masonry at close centres (400–600 mm) and provide a true, flat fixing face for boards. In a suspended ceiling it is the cross-furring that hangs below the primary channels on clips and carries the plasterboard; on a masonry wall it is the furring that lifts the board 25–40 mm off the block, with the cavity for services and insulation; under metal ceiling panels and cement-board façades it is the fixing rail; and in acoustic construction a version with a single, resilient flange decouples the board from the structure. Standard sizes follow the drywall systems — 15 × 0.5, 25 × 0.5, 38 × 0.5–0.9 mm — and we roll them to EN 14195 dimensions and zinc classes (Z140 indoors, Z275 in humid or external use) from DX51D strip; heavier 1.0–1.2 mm M profiles serve as furring for lightweight cladding and ventilated façades on residential buildings, and knurled or dimpled crowns are available to stop screws wandering. Being the highest-volume light profile, it is sold by the thousand metres, bundled and palletised for distributor stock, and its price is close to the strip price plus a few cents per metre for forming. For anything spanning more than 1.2 m or carrying real load, the omega profile is the next size up. ### Grades, standards and tolerances | Grade / standard | Yield (MPa) | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | DX51D+Z140 (EN 10346) | ≈ 140 (not guaranteed) | indoor ceilings and wall lining — EN 14195 minimum | | DX51D+Z275 | ≈ 140 | bathrooms, external soffits, humid buildings | | S280GD+Z275 | 280 | heavier façade furring 1.0–1.2 mm | | ZM (zinc-magnesium) | — | coastal soffits, on request | _EN 14195 requires Z140 minimum for internal framing; we roll Z140 as standard and Z275 on request at the same lead time._ ### M profile section table | Height (mm) | Crown (mm) | Flange (mm) | t (mm) | kg/m | Use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 15 | 20 | 15 | 0.5 | 0.35 | wall lining furring, thin cavity | | 25 | 35 | 20 | 0.5 / 0.6 | 0.45 / 0.55 | standard ceiling cross-furring (EN 14195) | | 25 | 40 | 25 | 0.8 | 0.80 | heavy ceiling, cement board | | 38 | 50 | 25 | 0.5 / 0.7 | 0.60 / 0.85 | primary furring, service cavity | | 38 | 60 | 30 | 0.9 / 1.2 | 1.25 / 1.65 | façade and soffit furring | | 40 (resilient) | 35 | 20 (single) | 0.5 | 0.40 | acoustic decoupling of boards | _Crown knurled for screw grip on request. Weights for Z140 strip._ ### Spacing and fixing guide | Application | Furring centres | Support / hanger spacing | Board fixing | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 12.5 mm plasterboard ceiling | 400–500 mm | 900–1 200 mm | 3.5 × 25 mm drywall screws at 170 mm | | 2 × 12.5 mm board (fire) | 400 mm | 900 mm | as above, staggered | | 12 mm cement board | 400 mm | 600–900 mm | 4.2 × 32 mm cement-board screws | | Metal ceiling panels | 600 mm | 1 200 mm | clip-in / hook-on | | Wall lining on masonry | 600 mm | brackets at 600–800 mm | board screws | | Light external cladding | 400–600 mm | 600 mm | stainless screws | _Use clips or hangers rated for the ceiling load; the M profile itself is not designed for point loads from services — hang those separately._ ### Lengths and stock The drywall sizes (15 × 0.5, 25 × 0.5, 38 × 0.5–0.7 mm in 3 and 4 m) are stock items rolled continuously; other heights, gauges and lengths to 6 m are made to order in about ten working days. Supplied with matching clips, hangers and connectors on request. ### Cutting and fixing Cut with snips, a nibbler or a cold saw; no abrasive cutting. Fix through both flanges at every support with two screws (drywall or self-drilling) or clip to the primary channel; keep furring continuous over supports and stagger joints. Boards are screwed through the crown; knurled crowns help on 0.5 mm profiles. In humid rooms specify Z275 and stainless screws. ### Where it is used - Suspended plasterboard ceilings (cross-furring) - Wall lining and dry-lining on masonry - Cement-board and fibre-cement façade furring - Metal ceiling panel sub-grids - Acoustic resilient channels under boards - Soffits and canopies with board lining ### M profile vs omega vs C stud The omega profile is the same idea in 20–100 mm and 0.5–2.5 mm for real spans and façade loads; the M profile is the 15–40 mm furring under boards. Neither is a stud: for partitions and LGS framing the C studs and U tracks in the light-gauge profile overview apply. ### Price M profiles are quoted per metre — the galvanized strip price is 80–90 % of it — by size, gauge, zinc and quantity; distributor lots of 10 000 m and above get the best rate. Not priced from a list band. - M / furring profiles 15–40 mm: on request / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing M profiles are bundled in tens, then strapped into 0.5–1 t packs on timber bearers with paper between rows to protect the zinc; packs are labelled with size, gauge, length and count. Volume, not weight, fills the container: a 40' HC takes about 16–20 t of 3–4 m furring, a 20' 10–12 t. Customs heading 7216.61 / 7216.91. - Moq: 2 t per size (≈ 4 000 m of 25 × 0.5) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Standard sizes 3–7 working days; custom 10 - Packing: Bundles of 10–20 pcs strapped, then 0.5–1 t packs on timber, paper between rows - Container: 40' HC ≈ 16–20 t (bulky); 20' ≈ 10–12 t - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (strip), certificate of origin; EN 14195 DoP for drywall sizes - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight above 100 t ### Certificates Each lot ships with the strip mill's EN 10204 3.1 certificate (grade, zinc mass) and our forming record; drywall sizes carry the EN 14195 declaration of performance (dimensions, zinc class, straightness) that framing distributors require. ### How to order Specify height, crown and flange widths (or the drywall system it must fit), thickness, zinc (Z140 / Z275), length, quantity in metres or pieces, knurling, and destination; stock sizes ship within a week. ### FAQ **What is an M profile?** A small cold-roll-formed galvanized furring channel (hat-shaped, 15–40 mm high, 0.5–1.2 mm thick) screwed to structure or masonry to carry plasterboard, cement board and ceiling panels on a flat plane. **Is an M profile the same as a furring channel?** Yes — M profile, furring channel, hat furring and (with one flange) resilient channel are trade names for the same family of small hat sections. **What sizes of M profile do you make?** 15, 25, 38 and 40 mm heights in 0.5–1.2 mm, crown 20–60 mm, lengths to 6 m, Z140 or Z275, to EN 14195 dimensions. **What spacing for ceiling furring?** 400–500 mm centres for 12.5 mm plasterboard with hangers at 900–1 200 mm; 400 mm for double board or cement board. **What is the weight of a furring channel per metre?** From 0.35 kg/m (15 × 0.5) to 1.65 kg/m (38 × 1.2) — see the section table. ## H Beams (HEA, HEB) URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/sections/h-beams-hea-heb/ Wide-flange H beams are the columns and primary beams of steel buildings: HEA (light, IPBl), HEB (standard, IPB) and HEM (heavy, IPBv) series from 100 to 600 mm depth, rolled to EN 10365 in S235JR, S275JR or S355J2. From stock in Dilovası in 12 m bars, cut to length, drilled, shot-blasted and primed on request, and shipped by container up to 12 m or by flat-rack and breakbulk up to 18 m. ### What is an H beam used for? An H beam is a hot-rolled section whose flanges are as wide as the section is deep (HEB 200: 200 × 200 mm), with parallel flanges of equal thickness. That geometry gives similar stiffness about both axes, so H beams are the standard for columns, and their thick flanges make them the choice for heavily loaded primary beams, crane runways, transfer girders and bridge cross-beams. The three European series differ only in flange and web thickness: HEA (light) weighs 15–25% less than HEB for the same depth, HEM (heavy) 40–60% more. Section depth is the nominal HEB depth; HEA is a few millimetres shallower, HEM deeper. ### HEA or HEB — the two series Every H-beam size has its own page with the full dimension and weight table: HEA beams (light series, columns and unrestrained beams at the lowest weight) and HEB beams (standard series, heavy columns and girders); HEM extra-heavy on request. For restrained floor beams see IPE beams. ### H beam sizes and weight chart | Size | HEA h × b × tw × tf (mm) | HEA kg/m | HEB h × b × tw × tf (mm) | HEB kg/m | HEM kg/m | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | HE 100 | 96 × 100 × 5 × 8 | 16.7 | 100 × 100 × 6 × 10 | 20.4 | 41.8 | | HE 120 | 114 × 120 × 5 × 8 | 19.9 | 120 × 120 × 6.5 × 11 | 26.7 | 52.1 | | HE 140 | 133 × 140 × 5.5 × 8.5 | 24.7 | 140 × 140 × 7 × 12 | 33.7 | 63.2 | | HE 160 | 152 × 160 × 6 × 9 | 30.4 | 160 × 160 × 8 × 13 | 42.6 | 76.2 | | HE 180 | 171 × 180 × 6 × 9.5 | 35.5 | 180 × 180 × 8.5 × 14 | 51.2 | 88.9 | | HE 200 | 190 × 200 × 6.5 × 10 | 42.3 | 200 × 200 × 9 × 15 | 61.3 | 103 | | HE 220 | 210 × 220 × 7 × 11 | 50.5 | 220 × 220 × 9.5 × 16 | 71.5 | 117 | | HE 240 | 230 × 240 × 7.5 × 12 | 60.3 | 240 × 240 × 10 × 17 | 83.2 | 157 | | HE 260 | 250 × 260 × 7.5 × 12.5 | 68.2 | 260 × 260 × 10 × 17.5 | 93.0 | 172 | | HE 280 | 270 × 280 × 8 × 13 | 76.4 | 280 × 280 × 10.5 × 18 | 103 | 189 | | HE 300 | 290 × 300 × 8.5 × 14 | 88.3 | 300 × 300 × 11 × 19 | 117 | 238 | | HE 320 | 310 × 300 × 9 × 15.5 | 97.6 | 320 × 300 × 11.5 × 20.5 | 127 | 245 | | HE 340 | 330 × 300 × 9.5 × 16.5 | 105 | 340 × 300 × 12 × 21.5 | 134 | 248 | | HE 360 | 350 × 300 × 10 × 17.5 | 112 | 360 × 300 × 12.5 × 22.5 | 142 | 250 | | HE 400 | 390 × 300 × 11 × 19 | 125 | 400 × 300 × 13.5 × 24 | 155 | 256 | | HE 450 | 440 × 300 × 11.5 × 21 | 140 | 450 × 300 × 14 × 26 | 171 | 263 | | HE 500 | 490 × 300 × 12 × 23 | 155 | 500 × 300 × 14.5 × 28 | 187 | 270 | | HE 550 | 540 × 300 × 12.5 × 24 | 166 | 550 × 300 × 15 × 29 | 199 | 278 | | HE 600 | 590 × 300 × 13 × 25 | 178 | 600 × 300 × 15.5 × 30 | 212 | 285 | _Nominal values per EN 10365; tolerance per EN 10034. HE 650–1000 on mill order._ ### H beam vs I beam (IPE / IPN) The rule of thumb: columns and transfer beams in H, floor and roof beams in IPE. For a 6 m simply supported beam carrying 20 kN/m, an IPE 270 (36 kg/m) does the job that an HEA 220 (50 kg/m) would do — but the HEA 220 is the better column for the same frame. IPE and IPN sections are on the IPE / IPN page. | | H beam (HEA/HEB) | I beam (IPE) | I beam (IPN) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Flange width | ≈ depth (100–300 mm) | About half the depth | Narrow, tapered flanges | | Weak-axis stiffness | High — good column | Low — beam only | Low | | Weight for same depth | Heaviest | Lightest | Medium | | Best for | Columns, heavy beams, crane girders | Floor beams, purlins, rafters | Legacy designs, machine frames | | Price per ton | 1.00–1.05 | 1.00 | 1.02–1.08 | ### Grades: S235JR, S275JR, S355J2 Stock beams are S275JR (dual-certified S235JR on most heats); S355J2 is held in the common sizes HE 160–400 and ordered from the mill for the rest. Full grade data sheets are on our reference site. | Grade | Yield (t ≤ 16 mm) | Tensile | Impact | Typical use | Price vs S235 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | S235JR | 235 MPa | 360–510 | 27 J at +20 °C | Light frames, non-critical members | 1.00 | | S275JR | 275 MPa | 410–560 | 27 J at +20 °C | Standard for stock beams, EU/Gulf buildings | 1.01–1.02 | | S355J2 | 355 MPa | 470–630 | 27 J at −20 °C | Primary structures, cranes, EN 1090 EXC3, cold regions | 1.04–1.08 | | S355J0 | 355 MPa | 470–630 | 27 J at 0 °C | Where J2 not required | 1.03–1.06 | ### Load capacity — quick guide Simply supported, uniformly distributed, strong axis, S275, deflection L/250: HEA 160 carries about 10 kN/m over 6 m; HEA 200 16 kN/m; HEB 200 22 kN/m; HEB 300 55 kN/m over 6 m or 25 kN/m over 9 m. As a pin-ended column 4 m high (EN 1993-1-1, curve b/c): HEB 200 S275 about 900 kN; HEB 300 about 2 000 kN. Full tables with section properties (Ix, Wx, iy) are in our load-capacity guide; the project engineer confirms the design. ### Lengths, cutting, drilling and surface Stock length 12 m (6 m and 18 m on request); mill lengths 6–24 m for breakbulk. We cut to length (±3 mm), drill and slot flanges and webs to DXF, cope ends, weld end plates and stiffeners, and shot-blast to Sa 2½ with 20–25 µm shop primer — so the beams arrive ready to erect. Hot-dip galvanizing for outdoor structures via partner plant. - Cut to length ±3 mm, mitred ends - Drilling and slotting to drawing (CNC beam line) - Shot-blast Sa 2½ + zinc-silicate or epoxy shop primer - End plates, stiffeners, base plates welded to drawing (EN 1090 EXC2) - Hot-dip galvanizing (EN ISO 1461) on request ### H beam price per ton Indicative FOB Istanbul band from our weekly export list, HEA/HEB 100–600 S275JR, 12 m, full-truck or container quantities. Sizes above HE 300 and S355J2 sit at the top of the band; cutting, drilling and priming are separate lines on the offer. - HEA / HEB 100–600 · S275JR: USD 690–970 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export: container, flat-rack, breakbulk 12 m beams load into 40' HC containers (24–25 t, about 190 m of HEB 200 per box); 18 m and mill lengths go on flat-racks or by breakbulk from Derince/Gemlik in lots from 100 t. Beams are bundled 2–4 pieces, strapped, chocked and lashed; primed beams get corner protectors. HS code 7216.33 (H sections, height ≥ 80 mm). - Moq: 1 truck (24 t) or 1 × 40' HC (12 m); breakbulk lots from 100 t - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul / Derince · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus - Lead: Stock 5–10 working days; mill order 3–5 weeks; processing +5–10 days - Packing: Bundles 2–4 beams, strapped, chocked; corner protectors on primed beams - Container: 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t (12 m) · flat-rack to 18 m · breakbulk 6–24 m · truck 24 t - Docs: Invoice, packing list per bundle, EN 10204 3.1, CE, certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / COC / EAC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight via London office ### Certificates EN 10204 3.1 mill certificate per heat (chemistry, tensile, impact), CE marking per EN 10025 for the product and EN 1090-1 for fabricated components on request, certificate of origin; SASO, SONCAP, COC (Iraq), EAC arranged before loading. ### How to order Send size, grade, length (or cutting list with drilling drawings), tonnage and port. We reply within one working day with price per ton, piece list, gross weight and container / breakbulk plan; stock sizes load in 5–10 working days. ### FAQ **What is an H beam used for?** Columns, heavy primary beams, crane runways, transfer girders, bridge cross-members and pile sections — anywhere strength about both axes or thick flanges are needed. HEA is the light series, HEB standard, HEM heavy. **What is stronger, an H beam or an I beam?** For the same depth an H beam (HEB) is stronger and stiffer, especially about the weak axis, because its flanges are wider and thicker — and it weighs 60–80% more. For a pure floor beam an IPE gives more strength per kilogram; for a column the H beam wins. **What is the difference between HEA and HEB?** Same depth series, different thickness: HEB 200 is 200 × 200 mm with 9 mm web and 15 mm flanges at 61.3 kg/m; HEA 200 is 190 × 200 mm with 6.5 mm web and 10 mm flanges at 42.3 kg/m. HEA is used where weight matters, HEB where capacity does. **What sizes of H beam are available?** HE 100 to HE 600 from stock in HEA and HEB (HEM in common sizes), 12 m bars; HE 650–1 000 and 18–24 m lengths on mill order. The weight chart above lists dimensions and kg/m. **What is the weight of an HEB 200?** 61.3 kg per metre, 736 kg per 12 m bar. HEA 200 is 42.3 kg/m, HEM 200 103 kg/m. **How much does an H beam cost per ton?** See the indicative FOB Istanbul band above for HEA/HEB S275JR; S355J2 adds 4–8%, large sizes (HE 400+) sit at the top of the band, and cutting, drilling and priming are quoted per piece. Firm price within one working day. **Can you supply beams cut, drilled and primed?** Yes — CNC cutting and drilling to DXF, coping, welded end plates and stiffeners, shot-blast Sa 2½ and shop primer, or hot-dip galvanizing. Fabricated components can be CE-marked under EN 1090 EXC2. **How are H beams shipped?** 12 m in 40' HC containers (24–25 t), 18 m on flat-racks, longer or larger lots by breakbulk vessel from Derince or Gemlik; by truck (24 t) to the EU, Balkans, Iraq and the Caucasus. ## IPE Beams URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/sections/ipe-beams/ The IPE is the beam of every Eurocode-designed roof, floor and mezzanine: light, deep, easy to bolt because the flanges are parallel. Turkish mills roll the full range and our Dilovası yard holds the sizes a fabricator asks for every week — IPE 120 to 400 — with 12 m bars for purlin-free spans and 6 m for containers. ### What is IPE beams? IPE stands for I Profilé Européen — the European I-beam with parallel flanges defined in Euronorm 19-57 and now EN 10365. The number is the depth in millimetres (IPE 200 is 200 mm deep), the flange width is roughly half the depth, and the flanges are parallel and relatively thin, which puts the steel where it works: far from the neutral axis. That makes IPE the lightest standard section for a given bending capacity — an IPE 300 weighs 42 kg/m and carries a floor beam that would need an HEA 220 at 51 kg/m or an IPN 300 at 54 kg/m. The price of that efficiency is a narrow flange: IPE is weak about its minor axis and needs lateral restraint (purlins, deck, bracing) over long spans, and it is not the section for columns. Parallel flanges also mean ordinary bolts and plain washers, unlike the tapered IPN. Turkish mills roll IPE 80–600 in S235JR, S275JR and S355J2 (S355J0/K2 on order); the sections are CE-marked and certified to EN 10025-2, with EN 10034 tolerances on depth, width and mass. ### IPE dimensions and weight per metre | Designation | h (mm) | b (mm) | tw (mm) | tf (mm) | kg/m | kg per 12 m | Bars per ton (12 m) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | IPE 80 | 80 | 46 | 3.8 | 5.2 | 6.0 | 72 | 14 | | IPE 100 | 100 | 55 | 4.1 | 5.7 | 8.1 | 97 | 10 | | IPE 120 | 120 | 64 | 4.4 | 6.3 | 10.4 | 125 | 8 | | IPE 140 | 140 | 73 | 4.7 | 6.9 | 12.9 | 155 | 6 | | IPE 160 | 160 | 82 | 5.0 | 7.4 | 15.8 | 190 | 5 | | IPE 180 | 180 | 91 | 5.3 | 8.0 | 18.8 | 226 | 4 | | IPE 200 | 200 | 100 | 5.6 | 8.5 | 22.4 | 269 | 4 | | IPE 220 | 220 | 110 | 5.9 | 9.2 | 26.2 | 314 | 3 | | IPE 240 | 240 | 120 | 6.2 | 9.8 | 30.7 | 368 | 3 | | IPE 270 | 270 | 135 | 6.6 | 10.2 | 36.1 | 433 | 2 | | IPE 300 | 300 | 150 | 7.1 | 10.7 | 42.2 | 506 | 2 | | IPE 330 | 330 | 160 | 7.5 | 11.5 | 49.1 | 589 | 2 | | IPE 360 | 360 | 170 | 8.0 | 12.7 | 57.1 | 685 | 1 | | IPE 400 | 400 | 180 | 8.6 | 13.5 | 66.3 | 796 | 1 | | IPE 450 | 450 | 190 | 9.4 | 14.6 | 77.6 | 931 | 1 | | IPE 500 | 500 | 200 | 10.2 | 16.0 | 90.7 | 1 088 | 1 | | IPE 550 | 550 | 210 | 11.1 | 17.2 | 106 | 1 272 | 1 | | IPE 600 | 600 | 220 | 12.0 | 19.0 | 122 | 1 464 | 1 | _h = depth, b = flange width, tw = web, tf = flange thickness. Tolerances EN 10034: depth ±2–3 mm, mass −4 % / +6 %. IPE-A (lighter) and IPE-O (heavier) variants on request._ ### Grades and standards | Grade | Yield (MPa) | Impact | Use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | S235JR | 235 | 27 J at +20 °C | general construction, indoor | | S275JR | 275 | 27 J at +20 °C | the stock grade for most beams | | S355J2 | 355 | 27 J at −20 °C | heavy, dynamic or cold-climate structures | | S355J0 / K2 | 355 | 0 / −20 °C (40 J) | to order | | A572 Gr. 50 / A992 | 345 | on order | ASTM-designed projects | _Rolled sections are certified to EN 10025-2 (S grades) or ASTM A6/A572/A992; CE marking under EN 10025-1. S275JR is what we stock; S235JR and S355J2 are rolled to order or held in the common sizes._ ### Lengths, tolerances and stock Standard lengths are 6 and 12 m (6 000 / 12 000 mm +100/−0); 14–18 m on mill order for IPE 300 and above. Our Dilovası stock covers IPE 80–400 in S275JR, with IPE 200–300 also in S355J2; IPE 450–600 and all other grades come from the mill programme in 1–3 weeks. Tolerances per EN 10034: depth ±2 mm (IPE ≤ 180) to ±3 mm (IPE 400–600), flange width ±2–3 mm, out-of-square ≤ 1.5 % of b, straightness ≤ 0.15 % of length, mass −4 % / +6 %. Cut lengths are held to ±5 mm on the saw, ±2 mm on request. ### Cutting, drilling and galvanizing Bars are cut to length on band saws (straight or mitred up to 60°), drilled or punched to your bolt pattern on the beam-line, notched, coped and fitted with end plates or cleats in our workshop; hot-dip galvanizing to EN ISO 1461 or shot-blasting Sa 2½ plus zinc-rich primer are done before dispatch. Camber and pre-set for long floor beams are set on the press. Welded connections, stiffeners and haunches are fabricated to your drawing under EN 1090-2 EXC2. ### Where it is used - Floor and roof beams in steel buildings and mezzanines - Purlins and rafters of portal frames (with restraint) - Bridge stringers and crane-runway support beams - Lintels, trimmers and framing in concrete buildings - Conveyor gantries and pipe-rack beams - Trailer chassis, machine frames and skid bases ### IPE vs IPN vs HEA IPE has parallel, thin flanges — lightest for bending, weak sideways. IPN (IPN beams) is the older tapered-flange I-section: heavier for the same depth, stiffer web, awkward to bolt (needs taper washers), still specified in older Balkan, Turkish and CIS designs. HEA (HEA beams) is a wide-flange H: about the same weight as an IPE one size larger but with a flange as wide as its depth, so it works as a column and resists lateral buckling on its own. Rule of thumb: beams restrained by a deck → IPE; unrestrained beams and columns → HEA/HEB; matching an old drawing → IPN. ### Price IPE is priced per ton on our rolled-section list; the bands below split the light sizes (80–300, the most competitive) from the heavy ones. Cutting, drilling, priming and galvanizing are quoted per piece or per ton. Sizes above IPE 400 in S355 add the grade premium. - IPE 80–300 · S275JR: USD 690–870 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - IPE 330–600 · S275JR: USD 720–900 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing IPE beams is bundled by size — 6 m bars in bundles of 1–2 t, 12 m bars in 2–3 t — strapped at four points with edge protectors under the straps and a bundle tag carrying size, grade, heat and length. A 40' HC takes about 24–25 t of 6 m bars; 12 m bars travel in 40' flat-racks or as breakbulk from Derince. HS code 7216. - Moq: 10 t (mixed sizes accepted) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock IPE 80–400: 3–7 working days; IPE 450–600 and S355J2 1–3 weeks - Packing: Bundles 1–3 t, strapped, tagged - Container: 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t of 6 m; 12 m flat-rack / breakbulk - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1, CE DoP, certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight above 100 t ### Certificates IPE beams comes with the mill certificate EN 10204 3.1 (heat, ladle analysis, tensile, impact where the grade requires it) and the dimensional tolerance statement; 3.2 with an inspector, CE marking under EN 10025-1 and factory production control declarations are available on request. ### How to order Send the size, grade, length (6 / 12 m or cut list), quantity in pieces or tons, and any drilling or coating; a drawing or a CSV cut list is enough for a firm quote with weights per line. ### FAQ **What does IPE beam stand for?** I Profilé Européen — the European standard parallel-flange I-beam (Euronorm 19-57, now EN 10365). The number is the section depth in mm. **What is an IPE 200 beam?** An I-beam 200 mm deep with 100 mm wide flanges, 5.6 mm web and 8.5 mm flanges, weighing 22.4 kg/m — 269 kg per 12 m bar. **What are the key differences between IPE and IPN beams?** IPE has parallel flanges of constant thickness and is lighter per depth; IPN has tapered flanges (14 % slope), is heavier and stiffer in the web, and needs taper washers for bolting. IPE has replaced IPN in modern design. **How much does an IPE beam weigh?** From 6.0 kg/m (IPE 80) to 122 kg/m (IPE 600); IPE 240 is 30.7 kg/m, IPE 300 42.2 kg/m, IPE 400 66.3 kg/m — see the table above for 12 m bar weights. **What grades are IPE beams available in?** S235JR, S275JR (our stock grade) and S355J2 to EN 10025-2; S355J0/K2 and ASTM A572 Gr. 50 / A992 on mill order. **What lengths do IPE beams come in?** 6 and 12 m as standard; 14–18 m on mill order for IPE 300 and larger; we cut any length to ±2 mm. ## IPN Beams URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/sections/ipn-beams/ IPN survives because drawings survive: a 1980s factory extension in Baghdad, a refurbished crane runway in Craiova, a machine base copied from a German original all say NPI. Turkish mills still roll it in every size, and we stock the common ones next to the IPE — same yard, same saws, same price band. ### What is IPN beams? IPN (I-Profil Normal, DIN 1025-1) is the classic European I-beam from the early twentieth century: the inside faces of the flanges slope at 14 %, the root radii are large, the web is thick and the flange narrow. The number is the depth in millimetres. Compared with the parallel-flange IPE that replaced it in the 1960s, an IPN of the same depth is 15–35 % heavier and has a noticeably higher web shear capacity and torsional stiffness — which is why it persists in machine bases, crane rails, trolley beams and any drawing older than the Eurocodes. The taper has a practical cost: bolted connections need taper washers (or the flange must be machined), and web cleats sit on a curved root. In Turkey and the CIS the section is still called NPI (normal profil I) and rolled by Kardemir and İçdaş in 80–600 mm. Grades are the same as for IPE — S235JR and S275JR from stock, S355J2 on order. ### IPN dimensions and weight per metre | Designation | h (mm) | b (mm) | tw (mm) | tf (mm) | kg/m | kg per 12 m | Bars per ton (12 m) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | IPN 80 | 80 | 42 | 3.9 | 5.9 | 5.94 | 71 | 14 | | IPN 100 | 100 | 50 | 4.5 | 6.8 | 8.34 | 100 | 10 | | IPN 120 | 120 | 58 | 5.1 | 7.7 | 11.1 | 133 | 8 | | IPN 140 | 140 | 66 | 5.7 | 8.6 | 14.3 | 172 | 6 | | IPN 160 | 160 | 74 | 6.3 | 9.5 | 17.9 | 215 | 5 | | IPN 180 | 180 | 82 | 6.9 | 10.4 | 21.9 | 263 | 4 | | IPN 200 | 200 | 90 | 7.5 | 11.3 | 26.2 | 314 | 3 | | IPN 220 | 220 | 98 | 8.1 | 12.2 | 31.1 | 373 | 3 | | IPN 240 | 240 | 106 | 8.7 | 13.1 | 36.2 | 434 | 2 | | IPN 260 | 260 | 113 | 9.4 | 14.1 | 41.9 | 503 | 2 | | IPN 280 | 280 | 119 | 10.1 | 15.2 | 47.9 | 575 | 2 | | IPN 300 | 300 | 125 | 10.8 | 16.2 | 54.2 | 650 | 2 | | IPN 320 | 320 | 131 | 11.5 | 17.3 | 61.0 | 732 | 1 | | IPN 340 | 340 | 137 | 12.2 | 18.3 | 68.0 | 816 | 1 | | IPN 360 | 360 | 143 | 13.0 | 19.5 | 76.1 | 913 | 1 | | IPN 380 | 380 | 149 | 13.7 | 20.5 | 84.0 | 1 008 | 1 | | IPN 400 | 400 | 155 | 14.4 | 21.6 | 92.4 | 1 109 | 1 | | IPN 450 | 450 | 170 | 16.2 | 24.3 | 115 | 1 380 | 1 | | IPN 500 | 500 | 185 | 18.0 | 27.0 | 141 | 1 692 | 1 | | IPN 550 | 550 | 200 | 19.0 | 30.0 | 166 | 1 992 | 1 | | IPN 600 | 600 | 215 | 21.6 | 32.4 | 199 | 2 388 | 1 | _tf is the mean flange thickness (flanges taper 14 % inside). Tolerances EN 10024: depth ±2–4 mm, mass ±4–6 %._ ### Grades and standards | Grade | Yield (MPa) | Impact | Use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | S235JR | 235 | 27 J at +20 °C | general construction, indoor | | S275JR | 275 | 27 J at +20 °C | the stock grade for most beams | | S355J2 | 355 | 27 J at −20 °C | heavy, dynamic or cold-climate structures | | S355J0 / K2 | 355 | 0 / −20 °C (40 J) | to order | | A572 Gr. 50 / A992 | 345 | on order | ASTM-designed projects | _Rolled sections are certified to EN 10025-2 (S grades) or ASTM A6/A572/A992; CE marking under EN 10025-1. S275JR is what we stock; S235JR and S355J2 are rolled to order or held in the common sizes._ ### Lengths, tolerances and stock Lengths 6 and 12 m (+100/−0 mm); we stock IPN 80–300 in S235JR/S275JR at Dilovası and order 320–600 from the mill programme (1–3 weeks). Tolerances to EN 10024: depth ±2 mm (≤ 180) to ±4 mm (≥ 400), flange width ±2–3 mm, mass ±4–6 %. Cut to length ±5 mm standard, ±2 mm on request. ### Cutting, drilling and galvanizing Cut on band saws, straight or mitred; holes drilled through the tapered flange with taper-compensated washers supplied on request; notching and end-plate welding in the shop. Because of the flange taper we recommend drilling over punching. Hot-dip galvanizing to EN ISO 1461 (the thick root sections galvanize well) or shot-blast and primer. ### Where it is used - Renovation and extension of older industrial buildings - Monorail trolley beams and light crane rails - Machine bases and press foundations - Lintels and door-frame beams in masonry - Agricultural and workshop buildings in the Balkans and CIS - Mining and tunnel supports (IPN arches) ### IPN vs IPE Same depth, different flanges: IPN tapers, IPE is parallel. IPE is 15–35 % lighter for the same bending capacity and bolts up cleanly, so every new design uses it — see IPE beams. Choose IPN when replacing like-for-like in an existing structure, when a trolley runs on the bottom flange (the taper centres the wheels), or when the specification explicitly says NPI / DIN 1025. Never mix the two in one line of beams — the depths are equal but the flange widths and stiffnesses differ. ### Price IPN shares the rolled-section price list with IPE — the band below is the month's indicative FOB Istanbul range per ton; larger sizes carry a small surcharge because of lower mill volume. - IPN 80–300 · S235JR: USD 690–870 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - IPN 320–600: USD 730–910 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing We pack IPN beams in strapped bundles of one size and one length (about 1–2 t per bundle for 6 m, 2–3 t for 12 m), tagged with size, grade and heat. 6 m bundles fill a 40' HC at 24–25 t; 12 m bundles are shipped on flat-racks or breakbulk from Derince. Tariff 7216. - Moq: 10 t (mixed sizes accepted) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock IPN 80–300: 3–7 working days; larger 1–3 weeks - Packing: Bundles 1–3 t, strapped, tagged - Container: 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t of 6 m; 12 m flat-rack / breakbulk - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1, CE DoP, certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight above 100 t ### Certificates IPN beams ships with EN 10204 3.1 certificates matched to the bundle tags and the CE declaration of performance; 3.2 inspection certificates from a classification society are ordered per lot when the project requires them. ### How to order Send size (IPN/NPI number), grade, length or cut list, quantity and any drilling or coating; we confirm stock or mill date within one working day. ### FAQ **What is the difference between IPN and IPE?** IPN has tapered flanges (14 % slope) and a thicker web; IPE has parallel flanges and is 15–35 % lighter for the same depth. IPE is the modern standard; IPN is used to match older designs. **What is an NPI profile?** The Turkish / CIS name for the IPN beam — normal profil I to DIN 1025-1. **How much does IPN 200 weigh?** 26.2 kg/m — 314 kg per 12 m bar; IPN 100 is 8.34 kg/m and IPN 300 is 54.2 kg/m. **Can IPN beams be bolted?** Yes, with taper washers under the bolt heads or nuts to compensate for the 14 % flange slope; welded connections avoid the issue. ## HEA Beams URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/sections/hea-beams/ Where a beam is on its own — no deck, no purlins holding it straight — or where it stands up as a column, the wide flange earns its weight. HEA gives that width at the lowest mass in the H family, which is why it is the column of choice for warehouses, mezzanines and multi-storey frames from Istanbul to Riyadh. ### What is HEA beams? HEA (DIN 1025-3, IPBl = I-Profil Breitflansch leicht) is the light series of the three European wide-flange H-beam families — HEA, HEB, HEM. All three share the same flange width for a given number (equal to the number up to 300 mm, then 300 mm), and differ in flange and web thickness: HEA is the thinnest and lightest, so its actual depth falls a few millimetres short of the nominal (HEA 300 is 290 mm deep). The wide, parallel flange gives a large minor-axis radius of gyration — an HEA 200 column resists buckling about its weak axis nearly three times better than an IPE 200 — and lets a beam span unrestrained where an IPE would twist. It bolts, splices and base-plates easily and is the standard column of European and Turkish steel buildings. Mills roll HEA 100–1000 in S235JR, S275JR and S355J2; S355 is the usual column grade because a column is governed by strength, not deflection. ### HEA dimensions and weight per metre | Designation | h (mm) | b (mm) | tw (mm) | tf (mm) | kg/m | kg per 12 m | Bars per ton (12 m) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | HEA 100 | 96 | 100 | 5.0 | 8.0 | 16.7 | 200 | 5 | | HEA 120 | 114 | 120 | 5.0 | 8.0 | 19.9 | 239 | 4 | | HEA 140 | 133 | 140 | 5.5 | 8.5 | 24.7 | 296 | 3 | | HEA 160 | 152 | 160 | 6.0 | 9.0 | 30.4 | 365 | 3 | | HEA 180 | 171 | 180 | 6.0 | 9.5 | 35.5 | 426 | 2 | | HEA 200 | 190 | 200 | 6.5 | 10.0 | 42.3 | 508 | 2 | | HEA 220 | 210 | 220 | 7.0 | 11.0 | 50.5 | 606 | 2 | | HEA 240 | 230 | 240 | 7.5 | 12.0 | 60.3 | 724 | 1 | | HEA 260 | 250 | 260 | 7.5 | 12.5 | 68.2 | 818 | 1 | | HEA 280 | 270 | 280 | 8.0 | 13.0 | 76.4 | 917 | 1 | | HEA 300 | 290 | 300 | 8.5 | 14.0 | 88.3 | 1 060 | 1 | | HEA 320 | 310 | 300 | 9.0 | 15.5 | 97.6 | 1 171 | 1 | | HEA 340 | 330 | 300 | 9.5 | 16.5 | 105 | 1 260 | 1 | | HEA 360 | 350 | 300 | 10.0 | 17.5 | 112 | 1 344 | 1 | | HEA 400 | 390 | 300 | 11.0 | 19.0 | 125 | 1 500 | 1 | | HEA 450 | 440 | 300 | 11.5 | 21.0 | 140 | 1 680 | 1 | | HEA 500 | 490 | 300 | 12.0 | 23.0 | 155 | 1 860 | 1 | | HEA 550 | 540 | 300 | 12.5 | 24.0 | 166 | 1 992 | 1 | | HEA 600 | 590 | 300 | 13.0 | 25.0 | 178 | 2 136 | 1 | | HEA 650 | 640 | 300 | 13.5 | 26.0 | 190 | 2 280 | 1 | | HEA 700 | 690 | 300 | 14.5 | 27.0 | 204 | 2 448 | 1 | | HEA 800 | 790 | 300 | 15.0 | 28.0 | 224 | 2 688 | 1 | | HEA 900 | 890 | 300 | 16.0 | 30.0 | 252 | 3 024 | 1 | | HEA 1000 | 990 | 300 | 16.5 | 31.0 | 272 | 3 264 | 1 | _Depth h is below the nominal number (HEA 200 = 190 mm); flange width b = nominal up to 300, then 300 mm. Tolerances EN 10034: depth ±2–5 mm, mass −4 % / +6 %._ ### Grades and standards | Grade | Yield (MPa) | Impact | Use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | S235JR | 235 | 27 J at +20 °C | general construction, indoor | | S275JR | 275 | 27 J at +20 °C | the stock grade for most beams | | S355J2 | 355 | 27 J at −20 °C | heavy, dynamic or cold-climate structures | | S355J0 / K2 | 355 | 0 / −20 °C (40 J) | to order | | A572 Gr. 50 / A992 | 345 | on order | ASTM-designed projects | _Rolled sections are certified to EN 10025-2 (S grades) or ASTM A6/A572/A992; CE marking under EN 10025-1. S275JR is what we stock; S235JR and S355J2 are rolled to order or held in the common sizes._ ### Lengths, tolerances and stock Lengths 6 and 12 m (+100/−0), 14–18 m on mill order. Dilovası stock: HEA 100–400 in S275JR and S355J2; HEA 450–1000 from the mill programme (1–3 weeks). EN 10034 tolerances: depth ±2 mm (≤ 180) rising to ±5 mm (≥ 700), width ±3–4 mm, flange thickness −1/+2 mm, out-of-square ≤ 2 % of b, straightness ≤ 0.15 %, mass −4 % / +6 %. Cut lengths ±5 mm (±2 mm on request), ends square within 1 mm for columns on request. ### Cutting, drilling and galvanizing Columns are cut square and to length, drilled for splice and base plates, fitted with welded base plates and cap plates and shot-blasted and primed (or galvanized to EN ISO 1461 — HEA up to 400 fits standard kettles at 12 m) in our Dilovası workshop under EN 1090-2 EXC2. Beam-line drilling handles flange and web holes in one pass; coping and notching by plasma. ### Where it is used - Columns of single- and multi-storey steel buildings - Unrestrained beams: transfer beams, lintels over wide openings - Portal-frame columns and rafters in warehouses - Crane-runway columns and brackets - Mezzanine and platform columns - Bridge cross-girders and temporary works ### HEA vs HEB Same flange width, different thickness: HEB is 20–35 % heavier than HEA of the same number, with proportionally more capacity and stiffness — HEB 200 weighs 61.3 kg/m against HEA 200 at 42.3. If the column is governed by buckling length and a modest load, HEA is the economical section; when the load rises or the design wants a compact, stiff column with fewer splices, HEB pays for itself. HEM (extra heavy) is for the heaviest columns and is a mill-order item. See HEB beams and, for restrained floor beams, IPE beams. ### Price HEA is priced per ton on the H-beam list; the bands below separate the stock range (100–300) from the heavy sizes. S355J2 adds the grade premium; cutting, drilling, base plates and coating are quoted per piece. - HEA 100–300 · S275JR: USD 690–970 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - HEA 320–1000: USD 730–1010 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Export packing for HEA beams: one size per bundle, 1–3 t depending on length, four straps with corner boards, tag with size, grade, heat and bar count; 6 m in 40' HC (24–25 t), 12 m on flat-rack or breakbulk from Derince. HS 7216. - Moq: 10 t (mixed sizes accepted) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock HEA 100–400: 3–7 working days; HEA 450–1000 1–3 weeks - Packing: Bundles 1–3 t or loose above HEA 400, strapped, tagged - Container: 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t of 6 m; 12 m flat-rack / breakbulk - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1, CE DoP, certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight above 100 t ### Certificates Every bundle of HEA beams is traceable to an EN 10204 3.1 certificate with heat number, chemistry and mechanical results; the sections are CE-marked under EN 10025-1, and 3.2 certification by Lloyd's, BV or TÜV can be arranged per lot. ### How to order Give size, grade, length or cut list, quantity, end preparation (square-cut, plates) and coating; column schedules in Excel or a marked drawing are welcome. ### FAQ **What is the difference between HEA and HEB beams?** Same flange width; HEB has thicker flanges and web and is 20–35 % heavier with correspondingly higher capacity. HEA 200 = 42.3 kg/m, HEB 200 = 61.3 kg/m. **What does HEA stand for?** H-Europäisch A — the light (A) series of European wide-flange H-beams, also called IPBl (I-Profil Breitflansch leicht) in DIN 1025-3. **Why is an HEA 200 only 190 mm deep?** The HE series is defined by flange width; HEA has the thinnest flanges of the three, so its depth is below the nominal, HEB equals it and HEM exceeds it. **How much does HEA 160 weigh?** 30.4 kg/m — 365 kg per 12 m bar; HEA 200 is 42.3 kg/m and HEA 300 is 88.3 kg/m. **Which grade should I order for HEA columns?** S355J2 for columns and heavily loaded members (strength-governed), S275JR for lightly loaded columns and general framing; both are in stock in HEA 100–400. ## HEB Beams URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/sections/heb-beams/ HEB is the section a structural engineer draws when the column carries a crane, a silo or six floors: square in proportion, thick in the flange, forgiving of eccentricity. It is the H-beam that Gulf and Iraqi contractors order most from Turkey, and the one whose 12 m bars fill our flat-racks every month. ### What is HEB beams? HEB (DIN 1025-2, IPB = I-Profil Breitflansch) is the standard-weight member of the European wide-flange family. Its geometry is the reference: depth equal to the nominal number, flange width equal to the depth up to 300 mm, flange thickness 10–36 mm. That square proportion gives nearly equal stiffness about both axes in the small sizes and makes HEB the natural column — it takes load with eccentricity, resists buckling in every direction and provides a wide seat for beam connections and base plates. As a girder it carries heavy point loads (crane brackets, transfer beams) where an IPE would need stiffeners. The price is mass: HEB 200 weighs 61 kg/m against 42 for HEA 200 and 22 for IPE 200. Turkish mills roll HEB 100–1000 in S235JR, S275JR and S355J2, CE-marked to EN 10025-1; S355J2 is the normal grade for columns and crane girders. ### HEB dimensions and weight per metre | Designation | h (mm) | b (mm) | tw (mm) | tf (mm) | kg/m | kg per 12 m | Bars per ton (12 m) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | HEB 100 | 100 | 100 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 20.4 | 245 | 4 | | HEB 120 | 120 | 120 | 6.5 | 11.0 | 26.7 | 320 | 3 | | HEB 140 | 140 | 140 | 7.0 | 12.0 | 33.7 | 404 | 2 | | HEB 160 | 160 | 160 | 8.0 | 13.0 | 42.6 | 511 | 2 | | HEB 180 | 180 | 180 | 8.5 | 14.0 | 51.2 | 614 | 2 | | HEB 200 | 200 | 200 | 9.0 | 15.0 | 61.3 | 736 | 1 | | HEB 220 | 220 | 220 | 9.5 | 16.0 | 71.5 | 858 | 1 | | HEB 240 | 240 | 240 | 10.0 | 17.0 | 83.2 | 998 | 1 | | HEB 260 | 260 | 260 | 10.0 | 17.5 | 93.0 | 1 116 | 1 | | HEB 280 | 280 | 280 | 10.5 | 18.0 | 103 | 1 236 | 1 | | HEB 300 | 300 | 300 | 11.0 | 19.0 | 117 | 1 404 | 1 | | HEB 320 | 320 | 300 | 11.5 | 20.5 | 127 | 1 524 | 1 | | HEB 340 | 340 | 300 | 12.0 | 21.5 | 134 | 1 608 | 1 | | HEB 360 | 360 | 300 | 12.5 | 22.5 | 142 | 1 704 | 1 | | HEB 400 | 400 | 300 | 13.5 | 24.0 | 155 | 1 860 | 1 | | HEB 450 | 450 | 300 | 14.0 | 26.0 | 171 | 2 052 | 1 | | HEB 500 | 500 | 300 | 14.5 | 28.0 | 187 | 2 244 | 1 | | HEB 550 | 550 | 300 | 15.0 | 29.0 | 199 | 2 388 | 1 | | HEB 600 | 600 | 300 | 15.5 | 30.0 | 212 | 2 544 | 1 | | HEB 650 | 650 | 300 | 16.0 | 31.0 | 225 | 2 700 | 1 | | HEB 700 | 700 | 300 | 17.0 | 32.0 | 241 | 2 892 | 1 | | HEB 800 | 800 | 300 | 17.5 | 33.0 | 262 | 3 144 | 1 | | HEB 900 | 900 | 300 | 18.5 | 35.0 | 291 | 3 492 | 1 | | HEB 1000 | 1000 | 300 | 19.0 | 36.0 | 314 | 3 768 | 1 | _Depth equals the nominal number; flange width = depth up to 300, then 300 mm. Tolerances EN 10034: depth ±2–5 mm, mass −4 % / +6 %._ ### Grades and standards | Grade | Yield (MPa) | Impact | Use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | S235JR | 235 | 27 J at +20 °C | general construction, indoor | | S275JR | 275 | 27 J at +20 °C | the stock grade for most beams | | S355J2 | 355 | 27 J at −20 °C | heavy, dynamic or cold-climate structures | | S355J0 / K2 | 355 | 0 / −20 °C (40 J) | to order | | A572 Gr. 50 / A992 | 345 | on order | ASTM-designed projects | _Rolled sections are certified to EN 10025-2 (S grades) or ASTM A6/A572/A992; CE marking under EN 10025-1. S275JR is what we stock; S235JR and S355J2 are rolled to order or held in the common sizes._ ### Lengths, tolerances and stock Lengths 6 and 12 m (+100/−0); 14–18 m on mill order for HEB 240 and above. Stock at Dilovası: HEB 100–400 in S275JR and S355J2; HEB 450–1000 from the mill programme in 1–3 weeks. EN 10034 tolerances: depth ±2 mm (≤ 180) to ±5 mm (≥ 700), width ±3–4 mm, flange −1/+2 mm (up to +3.5 on heavy sizes), out-of-square ≤ 2 %, straightness ≤ 0.15 %, mass −4 % / +6 %. Columns are cut square within 1 mm on request. ### Cutting, drilling and galvanizing Cut square to column length, drilled on the beam-line for splices and base plates, fitted with welded base and cap plates, stiffeners and crane brackets to your drawing under EN 1090-2 EXC2/EXC3; shot-blast Sa 2½ and primer, or hot-dip galvanizing to EN ISO 1461 up to HEB 400 × 12 m. Heavy sizes are handled by gantry crane and shipped loose. ### Where it is used - Main columns of industrial halls, warehouses and multi-storey buildings - Crane-runway columns and heavy girders - Transfer beams and heavily loaded lintels - Silo, tank and equipment support structures - Bridge piers, temporary works and shoring - Foundation grillages and pile caps in steel ### HEB vs HEA vs HEM The three share the flange width and differ in thickness: HEA light, HEB standard, HEM heavy (HEM 200 is 103 kg/m). HEB is the default when the column load is substantial or the engineer wants a compact section with room for connections; HEA when weight and price dominate; HEM only for the heaviest columns and is a mill-order item. See HEA beams and the overview page H beams. ### Price HEB is the heaviest volume mover in our sections list; the bands below give the month's FOB Istanbul range for the stock sizes and the heavy range. S355J2 adds the grade premium; fabrication is priced per piece or per ton. - HEB 100–300 · S275JR: USD 690–970 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - HEB 320–1000: USD 730–1010 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing We pack HEB beams in strapped bundles of one size and one length (about 1–2 t per bundle for 6 m, 2–3 t for 12 m), tagged with size, grade and heat. 6 m bundles fill a 40' HC at 24–25 t; 12 m bundles are shipped on flat-racks or breakbulk from Derince. Tariff 7216. - Moq: 10 t (mixed sizes accepted) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock HEB 100–400: 3–7 working days; HEB 450–1000 1–3 weeks - Packing: Bundles 1–3 t or loose above HEB 300, strapped, tagged - Container: 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t of 6 m; 12 m flat-rack / breakbulk - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1, CE DoP, certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight above 100 t ### Certificates HEB beams comes with the mill certificate EN 10204 3.1 (heat, ladle analysis, tensile, impact where the grade requires it) and the dimensional tolerance statement; 3.2 with an inspector, CE marking under EN 10025-1 and factory production control declarations are available on request. ### How to order Send size, grade, length or column schedule, quantity, end preparation (plates, drilling) and coating; a marked drawing gives us enough for weights per line and a firm price. ### FAQ **What does HEB mean?** H-Europäisch B — the standard (B) series of European wide-flange H-beams, also IPB in DIN 1025-2; depth equals the nominal number. **What is the weight of HEB 200?** 61.3 kg/m — 736 kg per 12 m bar; HEB 160 is 42.6 kg/m, HEB 300 is 117 kg/m. **Is HEB stronger than HEA?** Yes — for the same number HEB has thicker flanges and web, 20–35 % more mass and proportionally more bending and axial capacity, at the same flange width. **What is the H beam equivalent of HEB in ASTM?** W-shapes of similar depth and mass (e.g. HEB 200 ≈ W8×40, HEB 300 ≈ W12×79); properties are not identical — check the tables. We also roll A572 Gr. 50 / A992 H-beams to order. **Which HEB sizes are in stock in Turkey?** HEB 100–400 in S275JR and S355J2, 6 and 12 m, at our Dilovası yard; HEB 450–1000 from the mill programme in 1–3 weeks. ## Steel Channels (UPN, UPE) URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/sections/channels-upn-upe/ The C channel that Gulf and Balkan drawings call NPU or UPN is a hot-rolled tapered-flange channel; UPE is the parallel-flange version that bolts flat. We stock both from 50 to 300 mm (400 mm to order) in S235JR/S275JR, S355J2 in common sizes, 6 and 12 m, cut and drilled to drawing. For light, galvanized C sections see the cold-formed [C and Z purlins](/products/sections/c-z-purlins/) page. ### What is C channel steel used for? A steel channel is a hot-rolled section with a web and two flanges on one side — a C or U in cross-section. Because one face is flat it bolts and welds against walls, plates and other members, which makes it the standard for frames and rails: machine and equipment bases, truck and trailer chassis rails, stair stringers, purlins and girts in hot-rolled buildings, lintels and door and window frames, bracing, crane rail supports, pipe supports and cable-ladder rails. Two rolled types exist: UPN (tapered inner flange faces, the DIN profile still called NPU in Turkey and U in Gulf specs) and UPE (parallel flanges, thinner web, 5–10% lighter, bolts without tapered washers). Light galvanized cold-formed C channels for cladding and ceilings are a different product — see purlins and light-gauge profiles. ### UPN or UPE — the two channel series UPN channels are the tapered-flange DIN 1026-1 sections stocked by every Turkish mill (NPU); UPE channels are the parallel-flange DIN 1026-2 sections used in Eurocode designs — lighter per depth and bolted without taper washers. Each page carries the full size and weight table. ### UPN channel sizes and weight chart | Size | h × b (mm) | Web tw | Flange tf | kg/m | Ix (cm⁴) | Wx (cm³) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | UPN 50 | 50 × 38 | 5.0 | 7.0 | 5.6 | 26.4 | 10.6 | | UPN 65 | 65 × 42 | 5.5 | 7.5 | 7.1 | 57.5 | 17.7 | | UPN 80 | 80 × 45 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 8.6 | 106 | 26.5 | | UPN 100 | 100 × 50 | 6.0 | 8.5 | 10.6 | 206 | 41.2 | | UPN 120 | 120 × 55 | 7.0 | 9.0 | 13.4 | 364 | 60.7 | | UPN 140 | 140 × 60 | 7.0 | 10.0 | 16.0 | 605 | 86.4 | | UPN 160 | 160 × 65 | 7.5 | 10.5 | 18.8 | 925 | 116 | | UPN 180 | 180 × 70 | 8.0 | 11.0 | 22.0 | 1 350 | 150 | | UPN 200 | 200 × 75 | 8.5 | 11.5 | 25.3 | 1 910 | 191 | | UPN 220 | 220 × 80 | 9.0 | 12.5 | 29.4 | 2 690 | 245 | | UPN 240 | 240 × 85 | 9.5 | 13.0 | 33.2 | 3 600 | 300 | | UPN 260 | 260 × 90 | 10.0 | 14.0 | 37.9 | 4 820 | 371 | | UPN 280 | 280 × 95 | 10.0 | 15.0 | 41.8 | 6 280 | 448 | | UPN 300 | 300 × 100 | 10.0 | 16.0 | 46.2 | 8 030 | 535 | | UPN 320 | 320 × 100 | 14.0 | 17.5 | 59.5 | 10 870 | 679 | | UPN 350 | 350 × 100 | 14.0 | 16.0 | 60.6 | 12 840 | 734 | | UPN 400 | 400 × 110 | 14.0 | 18.0 | 71.8 | 20 350 | 1 020 | ### UPE channel sizes and weight chart | Size | h × b (mm) | Web tw | Flange tf | kg/m | Ix (cm⁴) | Wx (cm³) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | UPE 80 | 80 × 50 | 4.0 | 7.0 | 7.9 | 107 | 26.8 | | UPE 100 | 100 × 55 | 4.5 | 7.5 | 9.8 | 207 | 41.4 | | UPE 120 | 120 × 60 | 5.0 | 8.0 | 12.1 | 364 | 60.6 | | UPE 140 | 140 × 65 | 5.0 | 9.0 | 14.5 | 600 | 85.6 | | UPE 160 | 160 × 70 | 5.5 | 9.5 | 17.0 | 911 | 114 | | UPE 180 | 180 × 75 | 5.5 | 10.5 | 19.7 | 1 350 | 150 | | UPE 200 | 200 × 80 | 6.0 | 11.0 | 22.8 | 1 910 | 191 | | UPE 220 | 220 × 85 | 6.5 | 12.0 | 26.6 | 2 680 | 244 | | UPE 240 | 240 × 90 | 7.0 | 12.5 | 30.2 | 3 600 | 300 | | UPE 270 | 270 × 95 | 7.5 | 13.5 | 35.2 | 5 250 | 389 | | UPE 300 | 300 × 100 | 9.5 | 15.0 | 44.4 | 7 820 | 522 | | UPE 330 | 330 × 105 | 11.0 | 16.0 | 53.2 | 10 690 | 648 | | UPE 360 | 360 × 110 | 12.0 | 17.0 | 61.2 | 14 830 | 824 | | UPE 400 | 400 × 115 | 13.5 | 18.0 | 72.2 | 20 980 | 1 049 | ### UPN vs UPE vs cold-formed C | | UPN (hot-rolled, tapered) | UPE (hot-rolled, parallel) | Cold-formed C (galvanized) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Flanges | Tapered 8%, thick | Parallel, thinner | Parallel, lipped, thin (1.5–3 mm) | | Weight for same depth | 1.00 | 0.90–0.95 | 0.35–0.50 | | Bolting | Tapered washers | Flat | Flat, punched | | Availability | 50–400, wide stock | 80–400 | 100–350 | | Use | Frames, chassis, bases, bracing | Same, where flat bolting matters | Purlins, girts, cladding rails | | Grades | S235–S355 | S235–S355 | S280GD–S450GD | ### Load and span — quick guide As a simply supported beam, S235, L/250: UPN 100 carries about 3 kN/m over 3 m; UPN 140 6 kN/m over 4 m; UPN 200 10 kN/m over 5 m; UPN 260 15 kN/m over 6 m. Channels are weak about the minor axis and twist under eccentric load — pair them back-to-back or box them for columns and long beams. Full method in our load-capacity guide. ### Cutting, drilling and fabrication Cut to length ±2 mm, mitred, drilled and slotted on the CNC line, welded into frames, ladders and back-to-back or boxed sections; shot-blast Sa 2½ and shop primer, hot-dip galvanizing via partner. Channel kits for machine bases and stair stringers ship labelled to drawing. ### C channel price per ton Indicative FOB Istanbul band from our weekly export list, UPN 50–300 S235JR, 6/12 m, full-truck quantities; UPE and S355J2 sit at the top of the band, large sizes (320–400) and small (50–65) slightly above. - UPN 50–300 · S235JR: USD 690–820 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Bundles of 200–1 500 kg (channels nested face-to-face), strapped; 6 m in 20', 12 m in 40' HC (24–25 t). HS code 7216.31 (U sections ≥ 80 mm) / 7216.10 (< 80 mm). - Moq: 1 truck (24 t) or 1 × 40' HC; sizes mixed - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock 5–10 working days; mill 3–5 weeks - Packing: Nested bundles 200–1 500 kg, strapped - Container: 20' ≈ 20 t (6 m) · 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t (12 m) · truck 24 t - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1, CE, certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / COC / EAC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight via London office ### Certificates EN 10204 3.1 per heat, CE per EN 10025, certificate of origin; SASO, SONCAP, COC, EAC on request. ### How to order Send size, type (UPN/UPE), grade, length or cutting list, tonnage and port; reply within one working day. ### FAQ **What is C channel steel called?** U channel, UPN (tapered flange, DIN), UPE (parallel flange), NPU in Turkey, PFC in the UK, MS channel in India and the Gulf; all are hot-rolled channels to EN 10365 or equivalent. **What is C channel steel used for?** Frames, machine bases, truck chassis rails, stair stringers, lintels, purlins and girts in hot-rolled buildings, bracing, pipe and cable supports, door and window frames. **What is the weight of a 100×50 C channel?** UPN 100 (100 × 50 mm) weighs 10.6 kg/m — 63.6 kg per 6 m bar; UPE 100 (100 × 55) 9.8 kg/m. **What is the weight of a 150×75 channel?** The nearest EN sizes are UPN 140 (140 × 60, 16.0 kg/m) and UPN 160 (160 × 65, 18.8 kg/m); a 150 × 75 PFC (BS) is 18 kg/m and can be supplied on request. **What is the difference between UPN and UPE?** UPN has tapered flanges and a thicker web; UPE has parallel flanges, is 5–10% lighter for the same depth and bolts without tapered washers. Same grades and price per ton. **What sizes are in stock?** UPN 50–300 and UPE 80–300 in 6 and 12 m, S235JR/S275JR; UPN 320–400 and S355J2 on order. **Can you supply channels cut and drilled?** Yes — cut, mitred, drilled, welded into frames or boxed sections, blasted and primed or galvanized, labelled to drawing. ## UPN Channels URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/sections/upn-channel/ The UPN is the section that frames everything that is not a beam: purlin cleats, bracing, ladder stringers, cable-tray supports, trailer sides and machine guards. Turkish mills roll it by the hundred thousand tons and we keep the full stock range from UPN 50 to 300 on the ground for same-week loading. ### What is UPN channels? UPN (U-Profil Normal, DIN 1026-1) is the classic hot-rolled channel: a web with two flanges whose inner faces slope at 8 %, generous root radii and a thick web. The number is the depth in millimetres; flange width grows from 38 mm (UPN 50) to 110 mm (UPN 400). The taper makes the section stiff and easy to roll, and it dominated European construction for a century before the parallel-flange UPE appeared; in Turkey and the CIS it is still simply "U-profil" or NPU and is rolled by Kardemir and İçdaş in every size from 50 to 400. Its open shape carries load well about the major axis but twists easily, so channels are used in pairs (back-to-back or toe-to-toe as a box) or as secondary members: purlins on light roofs, bracing, stair stringers, cable-tray and pipe supports, trailer and body frames, gate and door frames. Bolting through the tapered flange needs taper washers; welding is unrestricted. Standard grade S235JR; S275JR and S355J2 on order. ### UPN dimensions and weight per metre | Designation | h (mm) | b (mm) | tw (mm) | tf (mm) | kg/m | kg per 12 m | Bars per ton (12 m) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | UPN 50 | 50 | 38 | 5.0 | 7.0 | 5.59 | 67 | 15 | | UPN 65 | 65 | 42 | 5.5 | 7.5 | 7.09 | 85 | 12 | | UPN 80 | 80 | 45 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 8.64 | 104 | 10 | | UPN 100 | 100 | 50 | 6.0 | 8.5 | 10.6 | 127 | 8 | | UPN 120 | 120 | 55 | 7.0 | 9.0 | 13.4 | 161 | 6 | | UPN 140 | 140 | 60 | 7.0 | 10.0 | 16.0 | 192 | 5 | | UPN 160 | 160 | 65 | 7.5 | 10.5 | 18.8 | 226 | 4 | | UPN 180 | 180 | 70 | 8.0 | 11.0 | 22.0 | 264 | 4 | | UPN 200 | 200 | 75 | 8.5 | 11.5 | 25.3 | 304 | 3 | | UPN 220 | 220 | 80 | 9.0 | 12.5 | 29.4 | 353 | 3 | | UPN 240 | 240 | 85 | 9.5 | 13.0 | 33.2 | 398 | 3 | | UPN 260 | 260 | 90 | 10.0 | 14.0 | 37.9 | 455 | 2 | | UPN 280 | 280 | 95 | 10.0 | 15.0 | 41.8 | 502 | 2 | | UPN 300 | 300 | 100 | 10.0 | 16.0 | 46.2 | 554 | 2 | | UPN 320 | 320 | 100 | 14.0 | 17.5 | 59.5 | 714 | 1 | | UPN 350 | 350 | 100 | 14.0 | 16.0 | 60.6 | 727 | 1 | | UPN 380 | 380 | 102 | 13.5 | 16.0 | 63.1 | 757 | 1 | | UPN 400 | 400 | 110 | 14.0 | 18.0 | 71.8 | 862 | 1 | _tf = mean flange thickness (8 % inner slope). Tolerances EN 10279: depth ±1.5–3 mm, width ±1.5–2.5 mm, mass ±4–6 %._ ### Grades and standards | Grade | Yield (MPa) | Impact | Use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | S235JR | 235 | 27 J at +20 °C | the stock grade for channels, angles and flats | | S275JR | 275 | 27 J at +20 °C | to order | | S355J2 | 355 | 27 J at −20 °C | heavy or cold-climate structures, to order | | A36 / A572 Gr. 50 | 250 / 345 | on order | ASTM projects | _Certified to EN 10025-2, CE-marked under EN 10025-1; S235JR is the stocked grade — sections are mostly governed by stiffness and connection geometry, so the higher grades are ordered only where the design demands them._ ### Lengths, tolerances and stock Lengths 6 and 12 m (+100/−0). Dilovası stock covers UPN 50–300 in S235JR; UPN 320–400 and other grades come from the mill programme in 1–3 weeks. EN 10279 tolerances: depth ±1.5 mm (≤ 65) to ±3 mm (≥ 300), flange width ±1.5–2.5 mm, web thickness ±0.5–1 mm, straightness ≤ 0.2 %, mass ±4–6 %. Cut lengths ±3 mm on the band saw. ### Cutting, drilling and galvanizing Sawing straight or mitred, drilling with taper-compensated washers, punching on the smaller sizes, notching, welding into box sections or frames, hot-dip galvanizing to EN ISO 1461 or blast-and-prime — all done in Dilovası before shipment. Back-to-back pairs can be supplied pre-drilled for spacer bolts. ### Where it is used - Roof purlins and wall rails on light industrial buildings - Bracing, ties and secondary framing - Stair stringers, ladders and platform edges - Cable-tray, pipe and duct supports - Trailer, truck-body and container frames - Door, gate and machine-guard frames ### UPN vs UPE UPE (UPE channels) is the modern parallel-flange channel: same depths, wider and thinner flanges, 5–15 % lighter for similar bending capacity, and it bolts without taper washers. UPN remains the default in Turkey and the Middle East because every mill rolls it and every drawing shows it; UPE is specified in German, Dutch and Scandinavian designs. If you are matching an existing structure or buying on price per ton, UPN; if the design is Eurocode-new and bolted, UPE. ### Price UPN sits in the rolled-section list with angles and flats; the bands below split the light stock sizes from the heavy range. Cutting, drilling and galvanizing are quoted per piece or per ton. - UPN 50–200 · S235JR: USD 690–820 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - UPN 220–400: USD 720–850 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Bundles of UPN channels are made up by size and length: 1–2 t for 6 m, 2–3 t for 12 m, four steel straps, corner protectors, tag with size, grade, heat number and count. Six-metre material loads 24–25 t in a 40' HC; twelve-metre material goes flat-rack or breakbulk via Derince. HS 7216. - Moq: 5 t (mixed sizes accepted) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock UPN 50–300: 3–7 working days; UPN 320–400 and S355 1–3 weeks - Packing: Bundles 1–2 t, strapped, tagged - Container: 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t of 6 m; 12 m flat-rack - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1, CE DoP, certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight above 100 t ### Certificates UPN channels comes with the mill certificate EN 10204 3.1 (heat, ladle analysis, tensile, impact where the grade requires it) and the dimensional tolerance statement; 3.2 with an inspector, CE marking under EN 10025-1 and factory production control declarations are available on request. ### How to order Send the size, grade, length (6 / 12 m or cut list), quantity and any drilling, pairing or coating; we confirm stock or mill date the same day. ### FAQ **What is a UPN channel?** The European tapered-flange steel channel to DIN 1026-1 / EN 10365 (inner flange slope 8 %), sizes UPN 50–400, known in Turkey as NPU or U-profil. **What is the difference between UPN and UPE?** UPN has tapered flanges and a thicker web; UPE has parallel, wider flanges and is lighter for the same depth. UPE bolts without taper washers. **How much does UPN 100 weigh?** 10.6 kg/m — 127 kg per 12 m bar; UPN 200 is 25.3 kg/m and UPN 300 is 46.2 kg/m. **What is a C channel?** In the Middle East "C channel" usually means the hot-rolled UPN/UPE channel; strictly, C-channels are cold-formed lipped sections — see our C purlin page for those. **What grades are UPN channels supplied in?** S235JR from stock; S275JR and S355J2 to order; ASTM A36 on request. ## UPE Channels URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/sections/upe-channel/ UPE does for channels what IPE did for I-beams: parallel flanges, less steel, plain bolting. A UPE 200 weighs 22.8 kg/m against 25.3 for UPN 200 and carries the same bending moment — the saving pays for the slightly higher price per ton on any structure that is shipped or lifted. ### What is UPE channels? UPE (DIN 1026-2, 2002) is the parallel-flange channel developed to replace UPN in Eurocode-era construction. Depths match the UPN series (80–400 mm) but the flanges are 5–15 mm wider, of constant thickness, and the web is thinner — the section puts its steel in the flanges, where bending is resisted, rather than in the web and root. The result is 5–15 % less mass for equal bending capacity, a larger minor-axis stiffness (better as a single member), and a flat flange face that takes standard bolts and washers, cleats and end plates without machining or taper washers. It is the channel of German, Benelux and Scandinavian designs, of prefabricated steel-frame systems and of anything bolted rather than welded. Turkish mills roll the small and medium sizes; the large sizes come from EU mills, which is why UPE carries a price premium over UPN in Turkey and ships in 2–4 weeks except for the stocked 100–200 range. ### UPE dimensions and weight per metre | Designation | h (mm) | b (mm) | tw (mm) | tf (mm) | kg/m | kg per 12 m | Bars per ton (12 m) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | UPE 80 | 80 | 50 | 4.0 | 7.0 | 7.90 | 95 | 11 | | UPE 100 | 100 | 55 | 4.5 | 7.5 | 9.82 | 118 | 8 | | UPE 120 | 120 | 60 | 5.0 | 8.0 | 12.1 | 145 | 7 | | UPE 140 | 140 | 65 | 5.0 | 9.0 | 14.5 | 174 | 6 | | UPE 160 | 160 | 70 | 5.5 | 9.5 | 17.0 | 204 | 5 | | UPE 180 | 180 | 75 | 5.5 | 10.5 | 19.7 | 236 | 4 | | UPE 200 | 200 | 80 | 6.0 | 11.0 | 22.8 | 274 | 4 | | UPE 220 | 220 | 85 | 6.5 | 12.0 | 26.6 | 319 | 3 | | UPE 240 | 240 | 90 | 7.0 | 12.5 | 30.2 | 362 | 3 | | UPE 270 | 270 | 95 | 7.5 | 13.5 | 35.2 | 422 | 2 | | UPE 300 | 300 | 100 | 9.5 | 15.0 | 44.4 | 533 | 2 | | UPE 330 | 330 | 105 | 11.0 | 16.0 | 53.2 | 638 | 2 | | UPE 360 | 360 | 110 | 12.0 | 17.0 | 61.2 | 734 | 1 | | UPE 400 | 400 | 115 | 13.5 | 18.0 | 72.2 | 866 | 1 | _Flanges parallel and of constant thickness. Tolerances EN 10279: depth ±2–3 mm, width ±2–3 mm, mass ±4–6 %._ ### Grades and standards | Grade | Yield (MPa) | Impact | Use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | S235JR | 235 | 27 J at +20 °C | the stock grade for channels, angles and flats | | S275JR | 275 | 27 J at +20 °C | to order | | S355J2 | 355 | 27 J at −20 °C | heavy or cold-climate structures, to order | | A36 / A572 Gr. 50 | 250 / 345 | on order | ASTM projects | _Certified to EN 10025-2, CE-marked under EN 10025-1; S235JR is the stocked grade — sections are mostly governed by stiffness and connection geometry, so the higher grades are ordered only where the design demands them._ ### Lengths, tolerances and stock Lengths 6 and 12 m (+100/−0). Dilovası stock: UPE 100–200 in S235JR; other sizes and S355J2 from Turkish or EU mill programmes in 2–4 weeks. EN 10279 tolerances: depth ±2–3 mm, width ±2–3 mm, flange thickness ±0.5–1.5 mm, straightness ≤ 0.2 %, mass ±4–6 %. Cut lengths ±3 mm. ### Cutting, drilling and galvanizing Sawing, drilling on the beam-line (no taper washers needed), punching on light sizes, welding into frames and box sections, hot-dip galvanizing to EN ISO 1461, blast-and-prime — in our Dilovası workshop. UPE galvanizes cleanly because the flat flanges drain well. ### Where it is used - Bolted secondary framing in Eurocode-designed buildings - Purlins and side rails on light industrial roofs - Stair stringers and platform framing - Machine, conveyor and equipment frames - Modular building and prefabricated frame systems - Trailer and vehicle body rails where weight matters ### UPE vs UPN — which channel to buy Equal depth, less weight, plain bolting: UPE wins on engineering. UPN wins on availability and price per ton in Turkey and the Middle East and on matching older drawings. For an export project priced per ton delivered, run the numbers — a 10 % lighter member often beats a 5 % cheaper ton. See UPN channels and the overview steel channels. ### Price UPE is priced above UPN per ton (EU sourcing on the large sizes); the bands below give the month's indicative FOB Istanbul ranges for the light and heavy sizes. - UPE 80–200 · S235JR: USD 710–840 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - UPE 220–400: USD 740–870 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing UPE channels is bundled by size — 6 m bars in bundles of 1–2 t, 12 m bars in 2–3 t — strapped at four points with edge protectors under the straps and a bundle tag carrying size, grade, heat and length. A 40' HC takes about 24–25 t of 6 m bars; 12 m bars travel in 40' flat-racks or as breakbulk from Derince. HS code 7216. - Moq: 10 t (mixed sizes accepted) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock UPE 100–200: 5–8 working days; other sizes 2–4 weeks - Packing: Bundles 1–2 t, strapped, tagged - Container: 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t of 6 m; 12 m flat-rack - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1, CE DoP, certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight above 100 t ### Certificates Every bundle of UPE channels is traceable to an EN 10204 3.1 certificate with heat number, chemistry and mechanical results; the sections are CE-marked under EN 10025-1, and 3.2 certification by Lloyd's, BV or TÜV can be arranged per lot. ### How to order Send size, grade, length or cut list, quantity, drilling and coating; for sizes above UPE 200 we confirm the mill date within one working day. ### FAQ **What is a UPE channel?** The European parallel-flange steel channel to DIN 1026-2 / EN 10365, sizes UPE 80–400 — the modern replacement for the tapered-flange UPN. **Is UPE lighter than UPN?** Yes — 5–15 % lighter for the same depth and bending capacity: UPE 200 = 22.8 kg/m vs UPN 200 = 25.3 kg/m. **What is PFC?** Parallel Flange Channel — the British Standard (BS 4-1) equivalent series; UPE is the European counterpart with similar but not identical dimensions. **How much does UPE 120 weigh?** 12.1 kg/m — 145 kg per 12 m bar. ## Steel Angle Bar URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/sections/angles-equal-unequal/ Angle bar is the most bought long product after rebar: equal angles 20×20 to 200×200 and unequal 30×20 to 200×100, 3–20 mm thick, S235JR from stock (S275/S355 for towers and trusses), 6 and 12 m, black or galvanized. Cut, punched, drilled and bundled on our lines for transmission towers, trusses, racking, frames, tank rings and site fabrication; a 20' container carries 20 t. ### What is an angle bar? An angle is a hot-rolled L-shaped section with two legs at 90°, equal (both legs the same, e.g. 50×50×5) or unequal (e.g. 100×65×8). It is the simplest structural shape and the cheapest per ton after flat bar, and it does everything from lattice towers and roof trusses to shelf frames: bracing, purlin cleats, tank stiffening rings, lintel supports, door and window frames, gratings and platform edges, machine guards, racking, fence and guardrail posts, and the diagonals of transmission towers (S355J2, galvanized). MS angle, angle iron and L bar are trade names for the same product. ### Equal or unequal — the two angle pages Equal angle bar (20×20 to 200×200) for bracing, towers and cleats; unequal angle bar (40×20 to 200×150) for lintels, stringers and edge members. Both pages list every size with kg/m and 12 m bar weight. ### Equal angle sizes and weight chart | Size (mm) | Thickness (mm) | kg/m | kg per 6 m | Bars per ton (6 m) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 20 × 20 | 3 | 0.88 | 5.3 | 189 | | 25 × 25 | 3 | 1.12 | 6.7 | 149 | | 30 × 30 | 3 | 1.36 | 8.2 | 122 | | 30 × 30 | 4 | 1.78 | 10.7 | 94 | | 40 × 40 | 4 | 2.42 | 14.5 | 69 | | 40 × 40 | 5 | 2.97 | 17.8 | 56 | | 45 × 45 | 5 | 3.38 | 20.3 | 49 | | 50 × 50 | 5 | 3.77 | 22.6 | 44 | | 50 × 50 | 6 | 4.47 | 26.8 | 37 | | 60 × 60 | 6 | 5.42 | 32.5 | 31 | | 65 × 65 | 7 | 6.83 | 41.0 | 24 | | 70 × 70 | 7 | 7.38 | 44.3 | 23 | | 75 × 75 | 8 | 8.99 | 53.9 | 19 | | 80 × 80 | 8 | 9.63 | 57.8 | 17 | | 90 × 90 | 9 | 12.2 | 73.2 | 14 | | 100 × 100 | 10 | 15.0 | 90.0 | 11 | | 100 × 100 | 12 | 17.8 | 107 | 9 | | 120 × 120 | 12 | 21.6 | 130 | 8 | | 130 × 130 | 12 | 23.6 | 142 | 7 | | 150 × 150 | 15 | 33.8 | 203 | 5 | | 160 × 160 | 16 | 38.4 | 230 | 4 | | 180 × 180 | 18 | 48.6 | 292 | 3 | | 200 × 200 | 20 | 59.9 | 359 | 3 | ### Unequal angle sizes and weight chart | Size (mm) | Thickness | kg/m | kg per 6 m | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 30 × 20 | 3 | 1.12 | 6.7 | | 40 × 25 | 4 | 1.93 | 11.6 | | 45 × 30 | 4 | 2.25 | 13.5 | | 50 × 30 | 5 | 2.96 | 17.8 | | 60 × 40 | 5 | 3.76 | 22.6 | | 65 × 50 | 5 | 4.35 | 26.1 | | 70 × 50 | 6 | 5.41 | 32.5 | | 75 × 50 | 6 | 5.65 | 33.9 | | 80 × 40 | 6 | 5.41 | 32.5 | | 80 × 60 | 7 | 7.36 | 44.2 | | 100 × 50 | 6 | 6.84 | 41.0 | | 100 × 65 | 8 | 9.94 | 59.6 | | 100 × 75 | 8 | 10.6 | 63.6 | | 120 × 80 | 8 | 12.2 | 73.2 | | 125 × 75 | 8 | 12.2 | 73.2 | | 150 × 75 | 10 | 17.0 | 102 | | 150 × 90 | 10 | 18.2 | 109 | | 150 × 100 | 10 | 19.0 | 114 | | 200 × 100 | 10 | 23.0 | 138 | | 200 × 100 | 12 | 27.3 | 164 | ### Grades and galvanizing S235JR is the stock grade for fabrication, frames and racking; S275JR / S355J2 for trusses, towers and bracing designed to Eurocode; S355J2 hot-dip galvanized (EN ISO 1461, 70–85 µm) is the transmission-tower and telecom-mast standard — supplied punched to the tower drawing. Stainless 304/316 angles and aluminium on request. ### Tolerances (EN 10056-2) Leg length ±1.0 mm (≤ 50), ±1.5 (50–100), ±2 (100–150), ±3 (150–200); thickness ±0.5–1.0 mm; squareness 90° ±1° (±0.5° for towers on request); straightness 0.4% of length; length ±50/−0 mm on 6/12 m, ±5 mm cut. ### Cutting, punching, drilling Cut to length, mitred 45°, punched or drilled (tower and racking hole patterns on the angle line), notched, welded into frames and gratings, galvanized after fabrication. Tower and truss kits ship bundled by mark number with the bolt list. ### Angle bar vs hollow section vs flat bar | | Angle 50×50×5 | SHS 50×50×2.5 | Flat 50×6 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | kg/m | 3.77 | 3.66 | 2.36 | | Bending stiffness | Low–medium | High (both axes) | Very low | | Connection | Bolt through leg, easy | Needs cleat or weld | Bolt / weld | | Corrosion | Open, easy to paint | Closed (seal ends) | Open | | Price per ton | 1.00 | 1.10–1.25 | 0.95–1.00 | | Use | Frames, trusses, bracing, cleats | Columns, frames, canopies | Stiffeners, straps, ladders | ### Angle bar price per ton Indicative FOB Istanbul band from our weekly export list, equal angles 25–150 S235JR, 6 m, full-container quantities; small sizes (20–30 mm) and S355J2 sit above, galvanizing adds 25–35%. - Equal angles 25–150 · S235JR: USD 690–870 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Bundles of 500–1 500 kg (angles nested), strapped; 6 m in 20' (20 t) and 40'; 12 m in 40' HC (24–25 t). HS code 7216.21 (L sections < 80 mm) / 7216.40 (≥ 80 mm). - Moq: 1 × 20' (≈ 20 t) or 1 truck; sizes mixed - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock 5–10 working days; galvanizing +5–7; punched tower angles 2–3 weeks - Packing: Nested bundles 500–1 500 kg, strapped; HDG with spacers - Container: 20' ≈ 20 t (6 m) · 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t (12 m) · truck 22–24 t - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1, CE, certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / COC / EAC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight via London office ### Certificates EN 10204 3.1 per heat, CE per EN 10025, certificate of origin; zinc thickness report for galvanized; SASO, SONCAP, COC, EAC on request. ### How to order Send size × thickness, grade, length, finish, tonnage and port (or the tower/truss drawing for punched angles); reply within one working day. ### FAQ **What is an angle bar?** An L-shaped hot-rolled steel section with two legs at 90°, equal (50×50×5) or unequal (100×65×8), 20–200 mm, used for frames, trusses, towers, bracing, racking and general fabrication. Also called MS angle, angle iron or L bar. **What is the standard size for angle bars?** 6 m bars (12 m on request) in sizes from 20×20×3 to 200×200×20 mm equal and 30×20 to 200×100 unequal; 40×40×4, 50×50×5 and 100×100×10 are the most ordered. **How much does a 50×50×5 angle weigh?** 3.77 kg/m — 22.6 kg per 6 m bar, about 44 bars per ton. 40×40×4 = 2.42 kg/m; 100×100×10 = 15.0 kg/m. **How much angle bar is 1×1?** A 25×25×3 mm (≈ 1" × 1" × ⅛") angle weighs 1.12 kg/m (6.7 kg per 6 m bar) — about 149 bars per ton; price per bar from the band above. **Which is stronger, tubular or angle bar?** For the same weight a square hollow section is stiffer in bending and torsion; an angle is easier to bolt and cheaper per ton. Use angles for trusses, bracing and cleats, tubes for columns and frames. **Do you supply galvanized angles?** Yes — hot-dip galvanized to EN ISO 1461 (70–85 µm) after cutting and punching, for towers, masts, fences and outdoor frames; adds 25–35% and 5–7 days. **Can you punch tower angles?** Yes — punched and drilled to the tower or truss drawing on the angle line, S355J2, galvanized, bundled by mark number with bolts. **What is the price of angle bar per ton?** See the indicative FOB Istanbul band above for S235JR equal angles 25–150; small sizes, S355J2 and galvanizing add to it. Firm price within one working day. ## Equal Angle Bar URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/sections/equal-angle/ The angle is the most-bought section in our yard after the hollow section: towers are built of it, tanks are ringed with it, ladders, racks, frames and cleats are cut from it. We keep the full S235JR range on the floor, ship 12 m for towers and 6 m for containers, and punch or drill to your pattern. ### What is Equal angles? An equal angle is an L-shaped hot-rolled bar with two legs of the same length and thickness meeting at a rounded root (EN 10056-1); it is described as leg × leg × thickness, so "50×50×5" is a 50 mm angle 5 mm thick weighing 3.77 kg/m. The section is the simplest way to connect, stiffen or brace: it bolts flat to a plate or a flange on one leg while the other leg projects, it nests for shipping, and pairs of angles back-to-back make a tee or a light column. Lattice towers for power and telecom lines are built almost entirely of angles (typically S355J2, 12 m, hot-dip galvanized); tank shells are stiffened with curved angles; racks, ladders, frames, machine guards, lintels, edge trims and countless cleats are cut from the 25–75 mm sizes. Turkish mills roll 20×20 to 200×200 with the common thicknesses; wider leg ranges and odd thicknesses are imported. Standard grade S235JR; S275JR and S355J2 to order, ASTM A36 on request. Equal angles are also called angle iron, angle bar, L-profile or L-section; Turkish köşebent, Arabic zawiya. ### Equal angle sizes and weight per metre | Size (mm) | Leg a (mm) | Thickness t (mm) | Root radius r (mm) | kg/m | kg per 12 m | Bars per ton (12 m) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 20 × 20 × 3 | 20 | 3 | 3.5 | 0.88 | 11 | 95 | | 25 × 25 × 3 | 25 | 3 | 3.5 | 1.12 | 13 | 74 | | 25 × 25 × 4 | 25 | 4 | 3.5 | 1.45 | 17 | 57 | | 30 × 30 × 3 | 30 | 3 | 5 | 1.36 | 16 | 61 | | 30 × 30 × 4 | 30 | 4 | 5 | 1.78 | 21 | 47 | | 35 × 35 × 4 | 35 | 4 | 5 | 2.09 | 25 | 40 | | 40 × 40 × 4 | 40 | 4 | 6 | 2.42 | 29 | 34 | | 40 × 40 × 5 | 40 | 5 | 6 | 2.97 | 36 | 28 | | 45 × 45 × 4.5 | 45 | 4.5 | 7 | 3.06 | 37 | 27 | | 50 × 50 × 4 | 50 | 4 | 7 | 3.06 | 37 | 27 | | 50 × 50 × 5 | 50 | 5 | 7 | 3.77 | 45 | 22 | | 50 × 50 × 6 | 50 | 6 | 7 | 4.47 | 54 | 19 | | 60 × 60 × 5 | 60 | 5 | 8 | 4.57 | 55 | 18 | | 60 × 60 × 6 | 60 | 6 | 8 | 5.42 | 65 | 15 | | 60 × 60 × 8 | 60 | 8 | 8 | 7.09 | 85 | 12 | | 65 × 65 × 6 | 65 | 6 | 9 | 5.91 | 71 | 14 | | 70 × 70 × 6 | 70 | 6 | 9 | 6.38 | 77 | 13 | | 70 × 70 × 7 | 70 | 7 | 9 | 7.38 | 89 | 11 | | 75 × 75 × 6 | 75 | 6 | 9 | 6.85 | 82 | 12 | | 75 × 75 × 8 | 75 | 8 | 9 | 8.99 | 108 | 9 | | 80 × 80 × 8 | 80 | 8 | 10 | 9.63 | 116 | 9 | | 80 × 80 × 10 | 80 | 10 | 10 | 11.9 | 143 | 7 | | 90 × 90 × 8 | 90 | 8 | 11 | 10.9 | 131 | 8 | | 90 × 90 × 9 | 90 | 9 | 11 | 12.2 | 146 | 7 | | 100 × 100 × 8 | 100 | 8 | 12 | 12.2 | 146 | 7 | | 100 × 100 × 10 | 100 | 10 | 12 | 15.0 | 180 | 6 | | 100 × 100 × 12 | 100 | 12 | 12 | 17.8 | 214 | 5 | | 120 × 120 × 10 | 120 | 10 | 13 | 18.2 | 218 | 5 | | 120 × 120 × 12 | 120 | 12 | 13 | 21.6 | 259 | 4 | | 130 × 130 × 12 | 130 | 12 | 14 | 23.6 | 283 | 4 | | 150 × 150 × 12 | 150 | 12 | 16 | 27.3 | 328 | 3 | | 150 × 150 × 15 | 150 | 15 | 16 | 33.8 | 406 | 2 | | 160 × 160 × 15 | 160 | 15 | 17 | 36.2 | 434 | 2 | | 180 × 180 × 16 | 180 | 16 | 18 | 43.5 | 522 | 2 | | 200 × 200 × 16 | 200 | 16 | 18 | 48.5 | 582 | 2 | | 200 × 200 × 20 | 200 | 20 | 18 | 59.9 | 719 | 1 | _Tolerances EN 10056-2: leg length ±1–3 mm, thickness ±0.5–1.5 mm, mass ±6 %. Intermediate thicknesses (e.g. 50×50×4, 60×60×8) on request._ ### Grades and standards | Grade | Yield (MPa) | Impact | Use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | S235JR | 235 | 27 J at +20 °C | the stock grade for channels, angles and flats | | S275JR | 275 | 27 J at +20 °C | to order | | S355J2 | 355 | 27 J at −20 °C | heavy or cold-climate structures, to order | | A36 / A572 Gr. 50 | 250 / 345 | on order | ASTM projects | _Certified to EN 10025-2, CE-marked under EN 10025-1; S235JR is the stocked grade — sections are mostly governed by stiffness and connection geometry, so the higher grades are ordered only where the design demands them._ ### Lengths, tolerances and stock Lengths 6 and 12 m (+100/−0). Dilovası stock covers 25×25×3 to 150×150×15 in S235JR in the thicknesses listed; 160–200 mm and S355J2 from the mill programme in 1–3 weeks. EN 10056-2 tolerances: leg ±1 mm (≤ 50), ±2 mm (to 100), ±3 mm (to 200); thickness ±0.5 to ±1.5 mm; out-of-square ≤ 1 %; straightness ≤ 0.4 % of length (≤ 0.2 % on request); mass ±6 %. Cut lengths ±3 mm. ### Cutting, drilling and galvanizing Cut on band saws and angle shears, punched on our CNC angle line (holes to Ø 26 mm in legs up to 12 mm, stamped part numbers for tower kits), drilled, notched and mitred, bent into rings for tank stiffeners, hot-dip galvanized to EN ISO 1461 (the standard finish for towers and outdoor structures) or blast-and-primed. ### Where it is used - Lattice transmission and telecom towers (S355J2, galvanized) - Bracing, cleats and connection angles in steel buildings - Tank shell stiffeners, curb angles and wind girders - Racks, shelving, ladders, cages and machine guards - Lintels, corner protection and edge trims in masonry - Trailer, body and equipment frames ### Equal vs unequal angles Equal angles bolt symmetrically and are the default for bracing, cleats and towers. Unequal angles (unequal angle bar) put the long leg where bending is resisted and the short leg where the connection is — lintels, purlin cleats, stair stringers — and give more stiffness per kilogram in one direction. If both legs do the same job, equal; if one leg carries and the other connects, unequal. For the full range see steel angle bar. ### Price Angles are priced per ton with hollow sections and channels; the bands below split the light stock sizes (25–100 mm) from the heavy range. Punching, galvanizing and tower kitting are quoted per ton or per piece. - L 25–100 · S235JR: USD 690–870 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - L 120–200: USD 720–900 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing We pack Equal angles in strapped bundles of one size and one length (about 1–2 t per bundle for 6 m, 2–3 t for 12 m), tagged with size, grade and heat. 6 m bundles fill a 40' HC at 24–25 t; 12 m bundles are shipped on flat-racks or breakbulk from Derince. Tariff 7216. - Moq: 5 t (mixed sizes accepted) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock 25–150 mm: 3–7 working days; 160–200 mm and S355 1–3 weeks - Packing: Bundles 1–2 t, strapped, tagged - Container: 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t of 6 m; 12 m flat-rack - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1, CE DoP, certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight above 100 t ### Certificates Documentation for Equal angles: EN 10204 3.1 mill certificate per heat, CE marking (EN 10025-1), dimensional tolerances to the section standard; third-party 3.2 witnessing on request. ### How to order Send size (a × a × t), grade, length or cut list, quantity in pieces or tons, punching pattern if any and coating; a tower bill of materials in Excel is enough for a full quote. ### FAQ **What is angle bar?** A hot-rolled L-shaped steel section with two legs at 90°, equal (both legs the same) or unequal, to EN 10056-1 — also called angle iron, L-profile or L-section. **What are standard angle bar sizes?** Equal angles run from 20×20×3 to 200×200×20 mm; the most-used stock sizes are 40×40×4, 50×50×5, 60×60×6, 75×75×8 and 100×100×10, in 6 and 12 m. **How much does a 50×50×5 angle weigh?** 3.77 kg/m — 22.6 kg per 6 m bar; 100×100×10 is 15.0 kg/m and 75×75×8 is 8.99 kg/m. **What is the difference between angle bar and tubular section?** An angle is an open L-section that connects and braces; a tube (SHS/RHS) is a closed section with far better torsional and buckling behaviour for columns and frames. Angles are cheaper per ton and easier to bolt. **Which grade for tower angles?** S355J2 (or S355J0) hot-dip galvanized to EN ISO 1461 is the standard for transmission and telecom towers; S235JR for general framing and bracing. ## Unequal Angle Bar URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/sections/unequal-angle/ An unequal angle is an equal angle that has been to engineering school: the same kilogram of steel, put where the moment is. Lintel over a door, cleat under a purlin, edge of a platform, curb of a tank — the long leg stands up and works, the short leg bolts on. Turkish mills roll the useful range and we keep the small ones in stock. ### What is Unequal angles? An unequal angle is an L-section whose legs differ in length — 100×50, 150×75, 200×100 — with the same thickness on both legs and a rounded root, dimensioned to EN 10056-1. The geometry is deliberate: the long leg gives depth and therefore bending stiffness, the short leg gives just enough width to bolt or weld. A 100×50×6 angle standing on its short leg spans a 1.2 m door opening as a lintel; the same weight of equal angle (75×75×6) would deflect twice as much. Unequal angles frame the edges of platforms and gratings, form purlin and rail cleats, stiffen tank shells (the short leg against the plate, the long leg out), and build stair stringers, trailer side rails and crane-rail clamps. They ship nested like equal angles and are processed the same way. Turkish mills roll 40×20 to 200×100; 200×150 and rarer combinations are imported. Standard grade S235JR, S355J2 on order. ### Unequal angle sizes and weight per metre | Size (mm) | Leg a (mm) | Leg b (mm) | Thickness t (mm) | kg/m | kg per 12 m | Bars per ton (12 m) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 40 × 20 × 4 | 40 | 20 | 4 | 1.77 | 21 | 47 | | 45 × 30 × 4 | 45 | 30 | 4 | 2.25 | 27 | 37 | | 50 × 30 × 5 | 50 | 30 | 5 | 2.96 | 36 | 28 | | 60 × 30 × 5 | 60 | 30 | 5 | 3.37 | 40 | 25 | | 60 × 40 × 5 | 60 | 40 | 5 | 3.76 | 45 | 22 | | 60 × 40 × 6 | 60 | 40 | 6 | 4.46 | 54 | 19 | | 65 × 50 × 5 | 65 | 50 | 5 | 4.35 | 52 | 19 | | 70 × 50 × 6 | 70 | 50 | 6 | 5.41 | 65 | 15 | | 75 × 50 × 6 | 75 | 50 | 6 | 5.65 | 68 | 15 | | 75 × 50 × 8 | 75 | 50 | 8 | 7.39 | 89 | 11 | | 80 × 40 × 6 | 80 | 40 | 6 | 5.41 | 65 | 15 | | 80 × 60 × 7 | 80 | 60 | 7 | 7.36 | 88 | 11 | | 90 × 60 × 8 | 90 | 60 | 8 | 8.96 | 108 | 9 | | 100 × 50 × 6 | 100 | 50 | 6 | 6.84 | 82 | 12 | | 100 × 50 × 8 | 100 | 50 | 8 | 8.97 | 108 | 9 | | 100 × 65 × 7 | 100 | 65 | 7 | 8.77 | 105 | 10 | | 100 × 75 × 8 | 100 | 75 | 8 | 10.6 | 127 | 8 | | 120 × 80 × 8 | 120 | 80 | 8 | 12.2 | 146 | 7 | | 120 × 80 × 10 | 120 | 80 | 10 | 15.0 | 180 | 6 | | 125 × 75 × 8 | 125 | 75 | 8 | 12.2 | 146 | 7 | | 130 × 90 × 10 | 130 | 90 | 10 | 16.6 | 199 | 5 | | 150 × 75 × 10 | 150 | 75 | 10 | 17.0 | 204 | 5 | | 150 × 90 × 10 | 150 | 90 | 10 | 18.2 | 218 | 5 | | 150 × 100 × 10 | 150 | 100 | 10 | 19.0 | 228 | 4 | | 200 × 100 × 10 | 200 | 100 | 10 | 23.0 | 276 | 4 | | 200 × 100 × 12 | 200 | 100 | 12 | 27.3 | 328 | 3 | | 200 × 150 × 12 | 200 | 150 | 12 | 32.0 | 384 | 3 | _Tolerances EN 10056-2: legs ±1–3 mm, thickness ±0.5–1.5 mm, mass ±6 %._ ### Grades and standards | Grade | Yield (MPa) | Impact | Use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | S235JR | 235 | 27 J at +20 °C | the stock grade for channels, angles and flats | | S275JR | 275 | 27 J at +20 °C | to order | | S355J2 | 355 | 27 J at −20 °C | heavy or cold-climate structures, to order | | A36 / A572 Gr. 50 | 250 / 345 | on order | ASTM projects | _Certified to EN 10025-2, CE-marked under EN 10025-1; S235JR is the stocked grade — sections are mostly governed by stiffness and connection geometry, so the higher grades are ordered only where the design demands them._ ### Lengths, tolerances and stock Lengths 6 and 12 m. Stock at Dilovası: 40×20×4 through 100×50×8 in S235JR; 100×65 and larger and all S355J2 from the mill programme in 1–3 weeks. Tolerances per EN 10056-2 as for equal angles: legs ±1 to ±3 mm, thickness ±0.5–1.5 mm, straightness ≤ 0.4 %, mass ±6 %. Cut to length ±3 mm. ### Cutting, drilling and galvanizing Sawing and shearing, CNC punching and drilling (both legs), notching and mitring for frames, welding of cleats and stringers, hot-dip galvanizing to EN ISO 1461, blast-and-prime — in Dilovası. We supply lintel angles cut to opening sizes with bearing lengths added. ### Where it is used - Lintels over doors and windows in masonry - Purlin, rail and grating support cleats - Platform and walkway edge angles - Tank curb angles and shell stiffeners - Stair stringers and trailer side rails - Crane-rail clamps and machine mounting ### Unequal angle vs equal angle Equal angles are symmetric and bolt either way — the choice for bracing, towers and cleats loaded in both directions. Unequal angles give more depth per kilogram in one direction and a narrower connection leg — the choice for lintels, stringers and edge members. Both come in the same grades and finishes; see equal angle bar and the overview steel angle bar. ### Price Unequal angles sit a few dollars above equal angles per ton because of lower mill volume; the bands below give the month's indicative FOB Istanbul ranges for the stock and heavy sizes. - L 40×20 – 100×50 · S235JR: USD 700–880 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - L 100×65 – 200×150: USD 730–910 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Bundles of Unequal angles are made up by size and length: 1–2 t for 6 m, 2–3 t for 12 m, four steel straps, corner protectors, tag with size, grade, heat number and count. Six-metre material loads 24–25 t in a 40' HC; twelve-metre material goes flat-rack or breakbulk via Derince. HS 7216. - Moq: 5 t (mixed sizes accepted) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock 40×20 – 100×50: 3–7 working days; larger sizes 1–3 weeks - Packing: Bundles 1–2 t, strapped, tagged - Container: 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t of 6 m; 12 m flat-rack - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1, CE DoP, certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight above 100 t ### Certificates Unequal angles comes with the mill certificate EN 10204 3.1 (heat, ladle analysis, tensile, impact where the grade requires it) and the dimensional tolerance statement; 3.2 with an inspector, CE marking under EN 10025-1 and factory production control declarations are available on request. ### How to order Send size (a × b × t), grade, length or cut list, quantity, drilling and coating; state which leg is the bearing leg if we are cutting lintels to opening sizes. ### FAQ **What is an unequal angle?** A hot-rolled L-section with legs of different length (e.g. 100×50×6) to EN 10056-1, used where stiffness is needed in one direction and a narrow leg for connection in the other. **How much does a 100×50×6 angle weigh?** 6.84 kg/m — 41 kg per 6 m bar; 150×100×10 is 19.0 kg/m and 200×100×10 is 23.0 kg/m. **What angle size for a lintel?** For 100–115 mm masonry over openings up to 1.2 m, 100×50×6 or 100×75×8 on the short leg; over wider openings 150×75×10 or 150×100×10 — confirm with the load and bearing length. **Are unequal angles in stock?** Sizes 40×20 to 100×50 in S235JR are stocked at Dilovası; larger sizes and S355J2 in 1–3 weeks. ## Steel Flat Bar URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/sections/flat-bar/ Nothing in the yard is simpler than a flat bar and nothing is used more: every bracket, strap, stiffener and clamp starts as a piece of lama. We stock the sizes a workshop uses daily, cut them to length on the shear, punch or drill them and galvanize them — including the 25×3 and 30×3 earthing strips that every substation in the Gulf orders by the ton. ### What is Flat bar? Flat bar is the plainest hot-rolled long product: a rectangle of steel, width 20–200 mm, thickness 3–25 mm, rolled with sharp square edges (unlike slit strip cut from coil, which has burred edges and a rounded shape) and supplied in 6 m bars to EN 10058. Its uses are as wide as fabrication itself — connection plates and gussets cut to length, straps and clamps, ladder rungs and stringers, gate and railing frames, bearing bars for grating, wear strips, lifting lugs, stiffeners, tank hoops, and the galvanized earthing strip (25×3, 30×3, 40×4, 50×6) that runs around every substation and building foundation. The 20–100 mm widths in S235JR are stocked everywhere in Turkey; wider bars, thicker bars and S355J2 come from the mill programme or are flame-cut from plate (marked as such on the certificate — rolled edge and cut edge are not the same for galvanizing or bending). We do not sell square or round bar; flat bar, angles and channels cover the fabrication range. ### Flat bar sizes and weight per metre | Size (mm) | Width (mm) | Thickness (mm) | kg/m | kg per 12 m | Bars per ton (12 m) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 20 × 3 | 20 | 3 | 0.47 | 6 | 177 | | 20 × 5 | 20 | 5 | 0.79 | 9 | 105 | | 25 × 3 | 25 | 3 | 0.59 | 7 | 141 | | 25 × 5 | 25 | 5 | 0.98 | 12 | 85 | | 30 × 3 | 30 | 3 | 0.71 | 9 | 117 | | 30 × 5 | 30 | 5 | 1.18 | 14 | 71 | | 30 × 10 | 30 | 10 | 2.36 | 28 | 35 | | 40 × 4 | 40 | 4 | 1.26 | 15 | 66 | | 40 × 5 | 40 | 5 | 1.57 | 19 | 53 | | 40 × 8 | 40 | 8 | 2.51 | 30 | 33 | | 40 × 10 | 40 | 10 | 3.14 | 38 | 27 | | 50 × 5 | 50 | 5 | 1.96 | 24 | 43 | | 50 × 6 | 50 | 6 | 2.36 | 28 | 35 | | 50 × 8 | 50 | 8 | 3.14 | 38 | 27 | | 50 × 10 | 50 | 10 | 3.93 | 47 | 21 | | 60 × 6 | 60 | 6 | 2.83 | 34 | 29 | | 60 × 8 | 60 | 8 | 3.77 | 45 | 22 | | 60 × 10 | 60 | 10 | 4.71 | 57 | 18 | | 70 × 8 | 70 | 8 | 4.40 | 53 | 19 | | 70 × 10 | 70 | 10 | 5.50 | 66 | 15 | | 80 × 8 | 80 | 8 | 5.02 | 60 | 17 | | 80 × 10 | 80 | 10 | 6.28 | 75 | 13 | | 80 × 12 | 80 | 12 | 7.54 | 90 | 11 | | 100 × 8 | 100 | 8 | 6.28 | 75 | 13 | | 100 × 10 | 100 | 10 | 7.85 | 94 | 11 | | 100 × 12 | 100 | 12 | 9.42 | 113 | 9 | | 100 × 15 | 100 | 15 | 11.8 | 142 | 7 | | 120 × 10 | 120 | 10 | 9.42 | 113 | 9 | | 120 × 12 | 120 | 12 | 11.3 | 136 | 7 | | 150 × 10 | 150 | 10 | 11.8 | 142 | 7 | | 150 × 15 | 150 | 15 | 17.7 | 212 | 5 | | 200 × 10 | 200 | 10 | 15.7 | 188 | 5 | | 200 × 20 | 200 | 20 | 31.4 | 377 | 3 | _kg/m = width × thickness × 0.00785. Tolerances EN 10058: width ±0.75–2 mm, thickness ±0.3–1 mm, straightness ≤ 0.4 %. Any width 20–200 and thickness 3–25 mm on request._ ### Grades and standards | Grade | Yield (MPa) | Impact | Use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | S235JR | 235 | 27 J at +20 °C | the stock grade for channels, angles and flats | | S275JR | 275 | 27 J at +20 °C | to order | | S355J2 | 355 | 27 J at −20 °C | heavy or cold-climate structures, to order | | A36 / A572 Gr. 50 | 250 / 345 | on order | ASTM projects | _Certified to EN 10025-2, CE-marked under EN 10025-1; S235JR is the stocked grade — sections are mostly governed by stiffness and connection geometry, so the higher grades are ordered only where the design demands them._ ### Lengths, tolerances and stock Length 6 m (+100/−0), 12 m on mill order for widths ≥ 60 mm. Dilovası stock: 20×3 to 100×10 in S235JR in the sizes listed; 120–200 mm wide, thicknesses above 12 mm and S355J2 from the mill programme in 1–3 weeks, or flame-cut from plate within days. EN 10058 tolerances: width ±0.75 mm (≤ 40) to ±2 mm (≤ 200), thickness ±0.3–1 mm, straightness ≤ 0.4 %, edge camber ≤ 0.4 %. Cut lengths ±2 mm on the shear. ### Cutting, drilling and galvanizing Shearing to length, CNC punching and drilling, bending (hoops, brackets, clamps), forging of ends, welding into frames and lugs, hot-dip galvanizing to EN ISO 1461 (earthing strip, railings) or blast-and-prime. Bar lengths and cut pieces are bundled separately with part numbers. ### Where it is used - Brackets, straps, clamps and connection plates - Earthing / grounding strip, hot-dip galvanized - Railings, gates, fences and balustrade frames - Ladder rungs, stringers and cage hoops - Grating bearing bars and wear strips - Tank hoops, stiffeners and lifting lugs ### Rolled flat bar vs slit strip vs cut plate Three products look alike and differ in the edge. Rolled flat bar (EN 10058) has square rolled edges, tight tolerances and no burr — best for galvanizing, bending and anything visible. Slit strip is cut from coil: cheaper, wider range of thicknesses, burred edge, camber — fine for welded fabrication. Flame- or laser-cut plate gives any width and thickness (also S355J2, wear plate) with a heat-affected edge — the route for wide or thick flats. Ask for the one your drawing needs; for sheet-derived strip see hot-rolled coil and sheet and our cutting service. ### Price Flat bar is priced per ton on the bar list — the most economical hot-rolled product in the yard. The bands below split the stock sizes from the wide range; cutting, punching and galvanizing are quoted per piece or per ton. - Flat bar 20×3 – 100×10 · S235JR: USD 690–760 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - Flat bar 120–200 wide: USD 720–790 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Export packing for Flat bar: one size per bundle, 1–3 t depending on length, four straps with corner boards, tag with size, grade, heat and bar count; 6 m in 40' HC (24–25 t), 12 m on flat-rack or breakbulk from Derince. HS 7216. - Moq: 3 t (mixed sizes accepted) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock 20×3 – 100×10: 3–5 working days; wider / thicker and S355 1–3 weeks - Packing: Bundles 1–2 t, strapped, tagged - Container: 20' ≈ 20 t; 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t of 6 m bars - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1, CE DoP, certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / PVoC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight above 100 t ### Certificates Documentation for Flat bar: EN 10204 3.1 mill certificate per heat, CE marking (EN 10025-1), dimensional tolerances to the section standard; third-party 3.2 witnessing on request. ### How to order Send width × thickness, grade, length (6 m or cut list), quantity in pieces or tons, any punching pattern and finish; for earthing strip state the standard (e.g. BS 7430) and zinc coating if other than EN ISO 1461. ### FAQ **What is flat bar?** A hot-rolled rectangular steel bar with square edges, 20–200 mm wide and 3–25 mm thick, to EN 10058 — the basic stock for brackets, straps, frames, railings and earthing strip. **What sizes of flat bar are available?** From 20×3 to 200×20 mm in the standard combinations; the most-used stock sizes are 30×3, 40×4, 50×5, 60×6, 80×8 and 100×10, all in 6 m. **How do you calculate flat bar weight?** Width (mm) × thickness (mm) × 0.00785 = kg/m; a 50×5 flat is 1.96 kg/m and a 100×10 is 7.85 kg/m — 47 kg per 6 m bar. **What is the price of flat bar per kg?** We quote per metric ton FOB Istanbul (see the band above); per kilogram it is the band divided by 1 000 — small cut and drilled parts are priced per piece. **Do you sell square bar or round bar?** No — our long-product range is flat bar, angles, channels, beams and hollow sections; square and round bars are not in our programme. ## Highway Guardrail (W-Beam) URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/sections/highway-guardrail-w-beam/ Roads in Iraq, the Gulf, Kazakhstan and Africa are built with Turkish guardrail because it is EN 1317-tested, galvanized to 550 g/m² and shipped per kilometre with every post, spacer, bolt and terminal. We supply W-beam (AASHTO M180 / EN 1317 N2) and thrie-beam (H1/H2) systems, 3 or 4 mm, with sigma or C posts, complete or as rails only, from the Marmara region's roll-forming and galvanizing plants. ### Guardrail systems: W-beam and thrie-beam | System | Rail | Post | Spacing | Height | Containment | Typical road | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | W-beam single-sided | W 3.0 mm, 4.32 m (4.0 effective) | Sigma 100×55×3 or C 125×62.5, 1.9–2.0 m | 2.0 m (4.0 m light) | 750 mm | EN 1317 N2 / AASHTO TL-2/3 | Highways, rural roads, most exported | | W-beam double-sided | 2 × W 3.0 mm | Sigma / C, 1.9–2.1 m | 2.0 m | 750 mm | N2 / H1 | Medians | | W-beam 4 mm heavy | W 4.0 mm | Sigma 4 mm / IPE 100 | 1.33–2.0 m | 750 mm | H1 | High-speed highways | | Thrie-beam | 3-wave 3.0–4.0 mm, 4.32 m | Sigma / IPE 100, 2.2 m | 1.33–2.0 m | 850–900 mm | H1 / H2 | Bridges, trucks, mountain roads | | Bridge / parapet | Thrie-beam on base-plated posts | Base-plated IPE / sigma | 1.33 m | 900–1 000 mm | H2 / H4b | Bridge decks | | Terminals / transitions | Flared, fish-tail, energy-absorbing | — | — | — | Per class | Ends, bridge approaches | ### W-beam rail: dimensions and weight | Beam | Profile | Thickness | Length | Effective length | Weight (galv.) | Zinc | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | W-beam Class A | 312 × 83 mm two-wave | 2.67 mm (12 ga) | 4 318 mm | 4 000 mm | ≈ 45 kg | ≥ 550 g/m² (Z550) | | W-beam Class B | 312 × 83 mm | 3.50–4.0 mm (10 ga) | 4 318 mm | 4 000 mm | ≈ 62–70 kg | ≥ 550 g/m² | | W-beam EN (3 mm) | 310 × 81 mm | 3.0 mm | 4 320 mm | 4 000 mm | ≈ 49 kg | Z550–Z600 | | Thrie-beam | 506 × 83 mm three-wave | 3.0 / 4.0 mm | 4 318 mm | 4 000 mm | ≈ 70 / 92 kg | ≥ 550 g/m² | | Terminal end (fish-tail / bull-nose) | — | 3.0 mm | — | — | ≈ 8–15 kg | ≥ 550 g/m² | _Rails are roll-formed from S235JR / S355JR strip, punched with 8 slotted splice holes and post slots, then hot-dip galvanized; minimum 550 g/m² (≈ 78 µm) per AASHTO M180 / EN 1317 practice._ ### Posts, spacers, bolts and accessories | Component | Specification | Qty per 4 m | Weight | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Sigma post | 100 × 55 × 3 mm (or 4 mm), 1 900–2 000 mm, galvanized, cap | 2 | 2 × 12–15 kg | | C post (alternative) | 125 × 62.5 × 4.5–6 mm (US) or UPN 100, 1 830 mm | 2 | 2 × 19 kg | | Spacer block | W-shaped 3 mm galv. or sigma 100 × 55 × 3, 350 mm | 2 | 2 × 2.5 kg | | Splice bolts | M16 × 30 mushroom-head fishbolt, 8.8, galv. + nut + washer | 8 | 0.8 kg | | Post bolt | M16 × 40 / M16 × 200 with washer plate | 2 | 0.5 kg | | Delineator / reflector | Galvanized bracket + reflector | 1 per 12–20 m | 0.2 kg | | End terminal | Fish-tail, bull-nose or flared per 100–200 m section | — | 8–15 kg | _Per kilometre of single-sided W-beam: 250 rails, 500 posts, 500 spacers, 2 000 fishbolts, 500 post bolts ≈ 24–26 t (3 mm) — one 40' HC._ ### Testing and classes: EN 1317 and AASHTO EN 1317-2 rates a barrier by containment level (N1, N2 for cars; H1, H2, H4b for trucks and buses), working width (W1–W8) and impact severity (A–C), proven by full-scale crash tests; ministries in the Gulf, Balkans and Central Asia specify N2 for roadsides and H1/H2 for medians and bridges. US-influenced markets (Iraq, Africa, Saudi MOT) call up AASHTO M180 Class A/B Type 2 for the beam and NCHRP 350 / MASH TL-3 for the system. We supply systems with the test reports and CE certificates (EN 1317-5) of the manufacturing plant. ### Galvanizing and durability Rails and posts are hot-dip galvanized after roll-forming and punching to EN ISO 1461 / ASTM A123 with a minimum 550 g/m² (Z550, ≈ 78 µm) and typically 600–700 g/m², giving 25–40 years in inland climates and 15–25 near the coast; zinc-magnesium (ZM310) rails are available for coastal and de-icing-salt routes. Bolts are 8.8 hot-dip galvanized or Geomet-coated. ### Installation and quantities per kilometre Posts are driven (2 m spacing) or set in concrete on bridges and rock; rails lap in the direction of traffic, 8 fishbolts per splice; height 750 mm to the top of the W-beam (850–900 mm for thrie-beam). One crew of 5 installs 300–500 m per day. Quantities per km (single-sided, 2 m spacing): 250 rails, 500 posts, 500 spacers, 2 000 splice bolts, 500 post bolts, 50–80 delineators, 2 terminals per section. We prepare the bill of quantities from the road length and spacing. ### Guardrail price per km Guardrail is priced per metre or per kilometre of system: as a guide, a single-sided 3 mm W-beam N2 system with sigma posts at 2 m, Z550, complete with bolts and spacers, runs 12–16 USD per metre FOB Istanbul in 10 km lots; 4 mm and thrie-beam 25–40% more; rails only are priced per ton from the galvanized section band. Firm price per BOQ within one working day. - W-beam 3 mm Z550 + posts: on request / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Rails nested in stacks of 25 (1.2 t) on timber bearers, strapped; posts bundled 20–40; bolts in cartons on pallets; one 40' HC holds about one kilometre of single-sided 3 mm system (24–26 t). HS code 7308.90 (structures and parts of iron or steel) — some markets classify rails under 7216.61. - Moq: 1 km system (≈ 1 × 40' HC) or 20 t of rails - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul / Derince · CIF / CFR Gulf, Red Sea, Africa · DAP Iraq (Habur), Balkans, Caucasus · DAP Aktau / Almaty - Lead: 3–5 weeks per 10 km; rails from stock 2 weeks - Packing: Rails nested 25 per stack (1.2 t) on bearers; posts bundled; bolts palletised - Container: 40' HC ≈ 1 km single-sided 3 mm (24–26 t) · truck ≈ 0.9 km - Docs: EN 1317-5 CE, crash-test reports, EN 10204 3.1, zinc reports, certificate of origin; SONCAP / COC / SASO / EAC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight via London office; government tenders per contract ### Certificates EN 1317-5 CE certificate and crash-test reports of the system, EN 10204 3.1 for strip, zinc thickness reports (magnetic gauge), bolt certificates, certificate of origin; SONCAP (Nigeria), COC (Iraq — pre-shipment inspection), SASO (KSA), EAC (Kazakhstan) arranged before loading. ### How to order Send road length and type (single/double-sided, class N2/H1/H2), rail thickness, post type and spacing, terminals, and the destination port. We return a bill of quantities, price per metre and per km, container count and lead time within one working day. ### FAQ **What is W-beam guardrail?** A two-wave corrugated galvanized steel rail (312 × 83 mm, 3–4 mm thick, 4.32 m long) bolted to posts at 2 m spacing — the standard roadside crash barrier under AASHTO M180 and EN 1317 N2. **What is the difference between W-beam and thrie-beam?** Thrie-beam has three waves (506 mm deep) and higher containment (EN 1317 H1/H2) for trucks, bridges and medians; W-beam (two waves) covers cars and light vehicles (N2 / TL-3) on ordinary roads. **How much guardrail per kilometre?** Single-sided at 2 m post spacing: 250 rails, 500 posts, 500 spacers, 2 000 fishbolts, 500 post bolts and terminals — about 24–26 t for 3 mm rail, one 40' HC. **What zinc coating is on the guardrail?** Minimum 550 g/m² (Z550, ≈ 78 µm) hot-dip after forming, typically 600–700 g/m², per AASHTO M180 / EN ISO 1461; ZM310 for coastal routes. **Is the system EN 1317 tested?** Yes — the systems we supply carry EN 1317-5 CE certificates and crash-test reports for their class (N2, H1, H2); AASHTO / NCHRP 350 documentation for US-spec tenders. **What is the price of guardrail per metre?** About 12–16 USD per metre FOB Istanbul for a complete 3 mm W-beam N2 system in 10 km lots; thrie-beam and 4 mm 25–40% more. Firm price per BOQ within one working day. **Which posts do you supply?** Sigma 100×55×3/4 mm (European standard), C 125×62.5 (US), UPN 100 or IPE 100 for heavy systems, base-plated for bridges — all galvanized, with caps. **Do you deliver to Iraq and Africa?** Yes — weekly trucks to Iraq via Habur with COC inspection in Dilovası, containers CIF to Umm Qasr, Lagos, Mombasa, Dammam and Jebel Ali with SONCAP / SASO handled. ## Slotted Angle URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/sections/slotted-angle/ Slotted angle is the bolt-together system that builds a shelf, a rack, a workbench or a machine frame with a spanner: 36×36, 40×40 and 50×50 mm angles in 2.0 mm galvanized or powder-coated steel, punched with the universal slot pattern, cut to 2–3 m. Bars by the bundle, bolts by the box, or complete rack kits with shelf panels, packed for container from Dilovası. ### What is slotted angle? Slotted angle is a light cold-formed steel angle punched along both legs with a repeating pattern of slots and round holes, so any two pieces bolt together at any point without drilling. Invented for adjustable shelving (the Dexion pattern), it now builds storage racks, archive and stock shelving, workbenches and tables, machine guards and frames, conveyor supports, partition frames, display stands and site-camp furniture. Two sizes cover most work: 40 × 40 × 2 mm (general) and 50 × 50 × 2 mm (heavier racks); 36 × 36 is the light shelving size. We roll and punch it on our own line from pre-galvanized strip or painted cold-rolled steel. ### Sizes, pattern and weight | Profile | Thickness | kg/m | Slot pattern | Standard lengths | Finish | Use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 36 × 36 | 1.8–2.0 mm | 1.05–1.15 | Slots 25 × 9 / holes Ø8.5, 40 mm pitch | 2 000 / 2 400 / 3 000 | Galvanized, grey RAL 7035, blue RAL 5010 | Light shelving, displays | | 40 × 40 | 2.0 mm | 1.25 | Slots 25 × 9 / holes Ø8.5, 40 mm pitch | 2 000 / 2 400 / 3 000 | Galvanized, painted | General racks, workbenches (most ordered) | | 50 × 50 | 2.0–2.5 mm | 1.58–1.95 | Slots 32 × 9 / holes Ø8.5, 50 mm pitch | 2 400 / 3 000 | Galvanized, painted | Heavy racks, frames, mezzanine supports | | 40 × 60 (unequal) | 2.0 mm | 1.55 | Slots both legs | 2 400 / 3 000 | Galvanized | Beams for shelf panels | | Flat slotted strip 40 × 2 | 2.0 mm | 0.63 | Slots | 2 000 / 2 400 | Galvanized | Braces, ties | _Lengths cut to order from 500 mm; slots on both legs; M8 bolts._ ### Load capacity — shelving guide | Shelf width × depth | Load per shelf (kg) | Max. shelves at 2 000 mm | Total per bay (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 900 × 300 mm | 120–150 | 6 | 700–900 | | 900 × 450 mm | 100–130 | 6 | 600–780 | | 1 200 × 450 mm | 80–100 | 5 | 400–500 | | 1 200 × 600 mm (50×50 uprights) | 150–200 | 5 | 750–1 000 | | 1 500 × 600 mm (50×50, braced) | 120–150 | 4 | 480–600 | _Guide values with diagonal bracing on the back; rack design per EN 15635 is the customer's responsibility for warehouses._ ### Rack and shelving kits A kit ships flat-packed: 4 uprights (2 000–2 400 mm), 4 shelf frames per level (front/back angles + side angles), shelf panels in 0.6–0.8 mm galvanized or powder-coated steel (or 12–18 mm MDF), diagonal braces, plastic feet, M8 × 16 bolts with nuts and washers (about 120 per 5-shelf bay), corner plates and a spanner. Standard bays 900 × 300, 900 × 450, 1 200 × 450 and 1 200 × 600 mm; 4–6 shelves; colours grey, blue, or galvanized. About 300–450 five-shelf kits per 40' HC. ### Accessories - M8 × 16 / 20 bolts with nuts and washers, galvanized (boxes of 500 / 1 000) - Corner gusset plates, flat and L-shaped - Plastic end caps and feet - Shelf panels: steel 0.6–0.8 mm (galv. or painted), MDF, wire mesh - Diagonal braces (flat slotted strip) - Hardware kits per bay ### Finish Pre-galvanized Z140–Z275 (rolled from galvanized strip, cut edges exposed — fine indoors and in dry stores) is the export standard; powder-coated RAL 7035 grey, 5010 blue, 3020 red or 7016 anthracite on cold-rolled steel for shops and offices; hot-dip galvanized after forming for outdoor and humid use. ### Price Slotted angle is priced per bar or per ton (about 12–18% above pre-galvanized hollow-section per ton for punching), bolts per 1 000, and rack kits per bay (as a guide 25–45 USD FOB for a 900 × 450 × 2 000 five-shelf galvanized kit in 300-kit lots). Firm price per item list within one working day. - Slotted angle 2 mm: on request / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Bars in bundles of 25–50 (nested, strapped, 60–120 kg); kits flat-packed in cartons or on pallets with bolt bags; 40' HC ≈ 18–22 t of bars or 300–450 kits. HS code 7216.61 (cold-formed angles) / 9403.20 (metal furniture, for kits). - Moq: 3 t of bars (≈ 1 000 pcs) or 100 rack kits - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Galvanized bars 7–12 working days; painted 2–3 weeks; kits 3–4 weeks - Packing: Bundles 25–50 bars; kits in cartons / on pallets with bolt bags - Container: 40' HC ≈ 18–22 t bars or 300–450 kits · 20' ≈ 10 t / 150 kits - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1, certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy ### Certificates EN 10204 3.1 for strip, powder-coat thickness report, certificate of origin; SASO, SONCAP on request. ### How to order Send profile, length, finish, quantity in bars or kits (with bay sizes and shelf type), bolt quantity and port. Reply within one working day; stock galvanized bars ship in 7–12 working days. ### FAQ **What is a slotted angle?** A 2 mm cold-formed steel angle punched with slots and holes along both legs so pieces bolt together anywhere without drilling — the standard for adjustable shelving, racks, benches and light frames. **What sizes are available?** 36×36, 40×40 and 50×50 mm × 2.0 mm (2.5 mm for 50×50 heavy), 2 000, 2 400 and 3 000 mm long or cut to order; galvanized or powder-coated. **How much weight can slotted angle shelving hold?** About 100–150 kg per shelf on a 900 × 450 mm bay with 40×40 uprights, 150–200 kg with 50×50 uprights and bracing; 600–1 000 kg per bay. Warehouse racks must be designed to EN 15635. **Do you supply complete shelving kits?** Yes — flat-packed bays with uprights, shelf frames, steel or MDF panels, braces, bolts and feet; 300–450 kits per 40' HC. **Galvanized or painted?** Pre-galvanized for warehouses, stores and export (no maintenance); powder-coated grey or blue for offices, shops and archives; hot-dip after forming for outdoor use. **What is the price of slotted angle?** Per bar or per ton, roughly 12–18% above galvanized hollow sections; kits 25–45 USD per bay FOB in 300-kit lots. Firm price within one working day. **Do you manufacture it yourselves?** Yes — roll-formed and punched on our own line in Dilovası from galvanized coil stock; shelf panels are cut and folded in the same plant. ## Steel Grating URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/sections/steel-grating/ Platform grating, walkway grating, bar grating, floor grating, gitterrost — every open-mesh steel floor in a plant, a substation, a jetty or a water works is the same product: parallel bearing bars locked by cross bars, hot-dip galvanized after welding so the cut edges are protected too. We supply it as full panels, as platform pieces cut to your layout on our own laser and saw lines, and as stair treads with nosing, with the load table for the span you have. ### What is steel grating? Steel grating is an open floor made of parallel load-bearing flat bars (25–50 mm deep, 3–5 mm thick) joined at right angles by cross bars, leaving 60–80 % open area so water, light, snow and dust fall through while people, trolleys and — with heavier bars — vehicles pass over it. Two joining methods exist: press-welded grating, where twisted or square cross bars are resistance-welded into the bearing bars under pressure (the industrial standard, the strongest per kilogram), and press-locked grating, where notched cross bars are pressed into notched bearing bars without welding (a cleaner look for architecture and sun screens). Both are hot-dip galvanized after fabrication, so every cut and weld is zinc-coated. It is the floor of pipe racks, boiler houses, substations, treatment plants, jetties, mezzanines and stair towers, and the cover of trenches and drains. ### Types of steel grating we supply | Type | How it is made | Typical bar / pitch | Use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Press-welded (forge-welded) | Twisted cross bar welded under pressure every 100 mm | 30×3 – 50×5 · 30/100, 34/100 | Platforms, walkways, pipe racks, mezzanines | | Press-locked | Notched cross bars pressed into bearing bars, no weld | 25×3 – 40×3 · 33/33, 34/38 | Architectural floors, façades, sun screens, drain covers | | Heavy-duty | Bearing bars 50–100 × 5–10 mm, pitch 30–60 mm | 50×5 – 100×10 | Vehicle areas, loading bays, trench covers under trucks | | Serrated | Bearing bar top edge notched for grip | any | Oily, wet or icy floors — refineries, food plants, offshore | | Stair treads | Panel with checker-plate or serrated nosing and end plates | 30×3, 30×5 · 30/100 | Stair towers, tank access, platforms | | Stainless 304 / 316 | Press-welded or press-locked from stainless flat | 25×3 – 40×5 | Food, pharma, chemical, coastal and pool areas | | Compound (grating + checker plate) | Grating with a 3–4 mm checker plate welded on top | 30×3 + 3 mm plate | Solid floor with grating stiffness, spill areas | ### Bearing bar sizes and weight per m² | Bearing bar (mm) | Pitch (mm) | Open area | Weight (kg/m²) | Panel 1 000 × 6 000 (kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 25 × 3 | 30/100 | ≈ 78 % | ≈ 22 | ≈ 132 | | 25 × 3 | 34/38 | ≈ 75 % | ≈ 24 | ≈ 144 | | 30 × 3 | 30/100 | ≈ 78 % | ≈ 26 | ≈ 156 | | 30 × 3 | 34/38 | ≈ 75 % | ≈ 28 | ≈ 168 | | 30 × 5 | 30/100 | ≈ 72 % | ≈ 39 | ≈ 234 | | 40 × 3 | 30/100 | ≈ 78 % | ≈ 33 | ≈ 198 | | 40 × 5 | 30/100 | ≈ 72 % | ≈ 51 | ≈ 306 | | 50 × 5 | 30/100 | ≈ 72 % | ≈ 62 | ≈ 372 | | 60 × 5 | 30/100 | ≈ 72 % | ≈ 73 | ≈ 438 | | 70 × 6 | 40/100 | ≈ 75 % | ≈ 76 | ≈ 456 | _Pitch = bearing-bar centres / cross-bar centres. Other bars (35×3, 40×4, 50×4, 80×6, 100×8) and pitches (25, 40, 60 mm) to order._ ### Load and span table | Bearing bar | 600 mm | 800 mm | 1 000 mm | 1 200 mm | 1 500 mm | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 25 × 3 | 8.0 | 4.5 | 2.9 | — | — | | 30 × 3 | 11.6 | 6.5 | 4.2 | 2.9 | — | | 30 × 5 | 19.0 | 10.9 | 7.0 | 4.8 | — | | 40 × 3 | 20.7 | 11.6 | 7.4 | 5.2 | 3.3 | | 40 × 5 | 34.0 | 19.4 | 12.4 | 8.6 | 5.5 | | 50 × 5 | — | 30.0 | 19.4 | 13.5 | 8.6 | | 60 × 5 | — | — | 28.0 | 19.4 | 12.4 | _For orientation only — the bearing bars must span between supports. Walkways to EN ISO 14122-2 need ≥ 2 kN/m² (and a 1.5 kN point load); plant floors 5 kN/m²; trench covers under forklifts need heavy-duty bars sized per axle load. We confirm the section with a DIN 24537 calculation for your span before quoting._ ### Platforms cut to drawing Send the platform layout (PDF or DWG) and we cut, notch and band every piece on our own laser and saw lines in Dilovası: cut-outs for columns and pipes with banding bar welded around, toe plates (kick plates) 100 × 5 mm, hinged or lift-out sections, curved pieces, and the fixing-clip count. Each piece is stamped with the drawing position number and the panels are shipped in the erection order, so site work is bolting only. Panels come with the banding bar (end bar) welded on both ends; unbanded cut panels are cheaper for straight runs cut on site. ### Stair treads Grating stair treads are made from the same panel with a serrated or checker-plate nosing welded to the front edge and drilled end plates (carrier plates) for bolting to the stringer. Standard widths 600–1 200 mm, depths 240 and 270 mm, bearing bars 30 × 3 or 30 × 5, in hot-dip galvanized or stainless; two M12 bolt holes per end plate at 40 mm from the edge. We quote treads per piece and can match them to the platform grating in one order. ### Finish — hot-dip galvanized, stainless or painted | Finish | Standard | Coating | Typical life (C3 industrial) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Hot-dip galvanized after fabrication | EN ISO 1461 | ≥ 55 µm (3–6 mm bar), ≥ 70 µm (≥ 6 mm bar) | 25–40 years | | Black (self-colour) | — | none, mill finish | for painting on site or indoor dry areas | | Painted / powder-coated on HDG (duplex) | EN ISO 12944 | HDG + 60–80 µm | 40+ years, colour to RAL | | Stainless 304 (1.4301) | EN 10088-2 | pickled and passivated | indefinite in C3, food and pharma | | Stainless 316L (1.4404) | EN 10088-2 | pickled and passivated | coastal, chemical, chlorinated water | ### Fixing clips and accessories - Saddle clips (grating clips) type A/B — M8 bolt, for I-beam and angle supports, 4 per panel - Welding lugs — for permanent platforms - Toe plates (kick plates) 100 × 5 mm HDG - Banding / end bars, cut-out banding - Hinges and lifting handles for removable sections - Drain-cover frames (L 40 × 40 × 4 and L 50 × 50 × 5) HDG - Stair-tread nosing strip and end plates ### Drain and trench covers Trench and channel covers are grating panels cut to the channel width plus a galvanized angle frame cast into the concrete. For pedestrian and light-vehicle areas we use 30 × 3 to 40 × 5 press-welded grating at 30 mm pitch; under forklifts and trucks, heavy-duty 50 × 5 to 100 × 10 bars at 30–40 mm pitch, or a compound grating with checker plate. Heel-proof pitch (≤ 12 mm gap) is available in press-locked form for public walkways. ### Tolerances and quality Panels are fabricated to DIN 24537-1: length ±5 mm, width ±3 mm, bearing-bar height ±0.5 mm, flatness ≤ 3 mm per metre; twisted cross bars fully welded at every intersection (press-welded) or fully pressed (press-locked). Galvanizing to EN ISO 1461 with coating thickness measured per lot; stainless grades supplied with EN 10204 3.1 certificates. Every shipment includes the panel list with dimensions, weights and position numbers. ### Price Grating is quoted per m² for standard panels and per piece for cut platforms and treads; the main drivers are the bearing-bar section (steel weight per m²), the pitch, the finish and the amount of cutting. Standard 30 × 3 30/100 HDG panels are the cheapest per m²; cut-to-drawing platforms add the laser and banding work; stainless is priced by weight. Send the m², the section and the drawing for a firm FOB Istanbul quote. - 30×3 30/100 HDG panels · per m²: on request / m² FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - Cut platforms, stair treads: on request / m² FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Panels are strapped flat on timber skids of 1–1.5 t, stair treads and clips boxed; platform pieces bundled per drawing position. HS code 7308.90. 40' HC takes about 20–24 t of grating (≈ 700–900 m² of 30 × 3), 20' about 10 t. - Moq: 50 m² of panels or one platform set - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, East & West Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Standard panels 7–12 working days; cut platforms and treads 2–3 weeks; stainless 3–4 weeks - Packing: Panels flat on timber skids 1–1.5 t, strapped; treads and clips in crates or cartons - Container: 40' HC ≈ 20–24 t (≈ 700–900 m² of 30×3) · 20' ≈ 10 t - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1, galvanizing certificate, certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy ### Certificates EN 10204 3.1 for the flat bar and the stainless material, galvanizing certificate per EN ISO 1461 with coating readings, load calculation per DIN 24537 on request, certificate of origin and chamber-legalised documents for Gulf and African destinations. ### How to order State the bearing bar (e.g. 30 × 3), the pitch (30/100), the finish (HDG / 304 / 316), the panel sizes or the platform drawing, the number of stair treads with width × depth, and the clips. If you only know the span and the load, give those two numbers and we will select the section. ### FAQ **What is a steel grating?** An open steel floor made of parallel bearing bars (25–50 mm deep, 3–5 mm thick) joined by cross bars, leaving 70–80 % open area; it is hot-dip galvanized after welding and used for platforms, walkways, stair treads and drain covers. **What are the different types of steel grating?** Press-welded (forge-welded) grating with twisted cross bars is the industrial standard; press-locked grating has notched cross bars pressed in without welding for a cleaner look; heavy-duty grating uses 50–100 mm bearing bars for vehicles; serrated grating adds grip; stainless 304/316 for food, chemical and coastal use; compound grating carries a checker plate on top. **What is the main purpose of grating?** A load-bearing floor that lets water, light, air, snow and dust pass through — it drains itself, does not collect spills, weighs a third of a solid plate for the same stiffness and needs no anti-slip treatment. **Which grating size do I need for a walkway?** For a walkway on supports every 800–1 000 mm, 30 × 3 mm bearing bars at 30 mm pitch (30/100) carry the 2 kN/m² required by EN ISO 14122-2 with margin; over 1 200 mm use 30 × 5 or 40 × 3; plant floors at 5 kN/m² need 40 × 3 up to 1 000 mm or 40 × 5 up to 1 200 mm. **How much does steel grating weigh per m²?** About 22 kg/m² for 25 × 3 at 30/100, 26 kg/m² for 30 × 3, 39 kg/m² for 30 × 5, 51 kg/m² for 40 × 5 and 62 kg/m² for 50 × 5, hot-dip galvanized; a 1 000 × 6 000 mm panel of 30 × 3 weighs about 156 kg. **Is the grating galvanized before or after welding?** After — the whole fabricated panel, including cut edges, banding bars and cut-outs, is hot-dip galvanized to EN ISO 1461 (≥ 55 µm on 3–6 mm bars, ≥ 70 µm on thicker bars), which is why it lasts 25–40 years in industrial air without paint. **Can you cut the grating to my platform drawing?** Yes — we cut, notch and band every piece on our own laser and saw lines from your PDF/DWG layout, stamp each piece with its position number, add toe plates and clips, and ship in erection order. **What is the standard panel size?** 1 000 × 6 000 mm (bearing bars along the 6 000 mm length) is the mill panel; we also stock 1 000 × 3 000 and cut any size — bearing-bar direction must always run between the supports. **How is steel grating fixed to the steel structure?** With galvanized saddle clips (top clip + M8 bolt + bottom hook, four per panel) on I-beams and angles, or by welding lugs for permanent platforms; stair treads bolt through their end plates with two M12 bolts each. ## Custom Roll-Formed Profiles URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/sections/special-oval-custom-profiles/ If the profile in your drawing is not in any catalogue, we make the tooling and roll it: oval and flat-oval tube for furniture and handrails, D and half-round for greenhouses and trailers, hat, channel, hook, clip and rail profiles for doors, solar, conveyors and shelving — 0.5 to 4 mm, in black, galvanized, ZM, stainless or pre-painted strip, punched and cut in line. Tooling in 3–6 weeks, then runs from 5 t. ### Special tube shapes | Shape | Size range | Wall | Material | Typical use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Flat-oval | 20×10 to 100×50 mm | 0.8–2.5 mm | CR, galvanized, stainless 304 | Furniture, handrails, display stands, stair rails | | Elliptical (true oval) | 30×15 to 120×60 | 1.0–2.5 | CR, galvanized, stainless | Furniture legs, exhaust, architectural | | D-shaped | 25 to 80 mm | 1.0–2.0 | Galvanized, CR | Greenhouse arches, trailer bows, handrails against walls | | Half-round | 30 to 100 mm | 1.0–2.0 | Galvanized, PPGI | Trim, gutters, decorative | | Triangular / hexagonal | 20–60 mm | 1.0–2.0 | CR, galvanized | Furniture, fittings | | Round with internal ribs / keys | 20–60 mm | 1.0–2.0 | Galvanized, CR | Telescopic poles, shelving uprights | _Lengths 1–8 m, cut ±1 mm; polished or film-protected stainless; mill or painted finish on steel._ ### Custom open profiles | Family | Examples | Thickness | Material | Use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Hat / omega / top-hat | Custom heights and feet, clip slots | 0.5–3.0 | Galvanized, ZM, PPGI | Cladding rails, solar, ceilings | | Channels and U | Lipped, unlipped, stiffened, with return | 0.6–4.0 | All | Frames, tracks, door frames, conveyor sides | | Door and window frames | Multi-bend profiles with seals grooves | 0.8–2.0 | Galvanized, PPGI, stainless | Steel doors, fire doors, windows | | Rails and guides | Sliding-door tracks, drawer rails, curtain rails | 0.8–2.5 | Galvanized, stainless | Doors, furniture, industrial | | Trailer and body profiles | Side rails, floor bearers, cant rails | 2.0–4.0 | HRPO S355MC, galvanized | Trailers, truck bodies | | Shelving and racking | Uprights with slots, beams, box beams | 1.2–2.5 | Galvanized, painted | Racking, mezzanines | | Cable management | Cable-tray sides, ladders, wire-mesh frames | 0.8–2.0 | Galvanized, ZM, stainless | Electrical | | Agricultural | Greenhouse gutters, crop-support rails, fence posts | 1.0–2.5 | Galvanized, ZM | Greenhouses, farms | | Solar | Rails, clamps, torque-tube brackets | 1.5–3.0 | ZM250–310, HDG | PV mounting | ### From drawing to production Send a DXF or sketch with dimensions and tolerances, material, thickness, length and yearly quantity. Our tooling office checks formability (bend radii ≥ 1t, minimum leg lengths, springback), proposes strip width and material, and quotes tooling and unit price. Tooling (3–6 weeks) is built and kept in-house for your repeat orders; first-article samples are sent for approval before the run. In-line punching, notching, embossing, cut-to-length and end-forming are added as needed. ### Materials - Hot-rolled HRPO S235JR / S355MC 2–4 mm (structural and trailer profiles) - Cold-rolled DC01–DC04 0.5–3 mm (painted or plated after forming) - Pre-galvanized DX51D+Z140–Z275 (most profiles) - Zinc-magnesium ZM250–ZM310 (outdoor, solar, agricultural) - Pre-painted PPGI, any RAL (visible profiles, film-protected) - Stainless 304 / 316L 0.5–2 mm, mill or polished - Aluminium 5754 / 6xxx on request ### Tolerances and quality Per EN 10162: dimensions ±0.5 mm (≤ 50 mm) to ±1.0 (> 150), angles ±1°, straightness 1 mm/m, twist 1°/m; tighter on request. First-article inspection report, in-process checks every 100 m, and EN 10204 3.1 for the strip. ### Pricing Unit price per metre or per ton = strip material at the relevant band (galvanized, cold-rolled, stainless, ZM) plus forming, punching and cutting; plus one-time tooling. Typical: simple hat or channel from galvanized strip 15–30% above the strip price per ton; complex multi-bend or stainless profiles more. Firm quote from your drawing within two working days. - To drawing: on request / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Bundled per profile, nested, strapped on bearers, film for painted and stainless; long profiles to 11.8 m in 40' HC, 13.5 m by truck. HS code 7216.61 (steel profiles), 7306.69 (special-shape tubes), 7222.40 (stainless profiles). - Moq: 5 t per section (2 t stainless); tooling amortised or invoiced - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Tooling 3–6 weeks; runs 7–12 working days - Packing: Nested bundles on bearers, strapped; film for painted / stainless - Container: 40' HC ≈ 18–24 t depending on profile · truck 22–24 t - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1, first-article report, certificate of origin - Payment: Tooling 100% with order; production 30% advance, balance against B/L copy ### Certificates EN 10204 3.1 for strip, first-article and dimensional reports, certificate of origin; CE under EN 1090 for structural profiles on request. ### How to order Send the profile drawing (DXF/PDF), material, thickness, length, punching and quantity; we reply with feasibility, tooling and unit price within two working days. ### FAQ **Can you make a profile that is not in your catalogue?** Yes — that is the point of this page: send the drawing, we design and build the tooling in-house (3–6 weeks) and roll it from 5 t per run, keeping the tooling for your repeat orders. **What sizes of oval tube do you make?** Flat-oval 20×10 to 100×50 mm, elliptical 30×15 to 120×60, D-shape 25–80 mm, walls 0.8–2.5 mm, in cold-rolled, galvanized or stainless 304, lengths to 8 m. **What is the minimum order for a custom profile?** 5 t per section in steel (2 t in stainless), plus the tooling, which is invoiced or amortised over the first orders. **Which materials can be roll-formed?** Hot-rolled HRPO to 4 mm, cold-rolled, pre-galvanized, zinc-magnesium, pre-painted (with film), stainless 304/316L and aluminium — bend radius at least 1× thickness. **Can holes and slots be punched in line?** Yes — punching, notching, embossing and end-forming are integrated in the line, so the profile arrives ready to assemble. **How long does tooling take?** 3–6 weeks depending on complexity, then first-article samples for approval and 7–12 working days per production run. ## ERW Steel Pipe URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/pipes/erw-pipe/ MS pipe, ERW pipe, black pipe — the same high-frequency welded carbon steel pipe, stocked from ½" (21.3 mm) to 12" (323.9 mm) in walls from 1.5 to 8 mm. Structural grades to EN 10219, water and gas series to EN 10255, and ASTM A53 Grade B for mechanical and low-pressure lines; hydrostatically tested, plain, bevelled or threaded-and-socketed, 6 m standard and 12 m on request. ### What is ERW (MS) pipe? ERW pipe is made by forming hot-rolled strip into a tube and welding the longitudinal seam by high-frequency induction without filler metal; the weld bead is scarfed flush inside and out and the seam is annealed. "MS pipe" (mild steel pipe) is the Gulf and Indian name for the same product in black (unpainted, lightly oiled) finish. It is the workhorse pipe for structures, scaffolding, fences, low-pressure water and air lines, fire-fighting sprinkler mains and conduit. For pressures above 20 bar, high temperatures or sour service, seamless pipe is specified instead — the comparison is in section 8. ### Pipe pages Related pipe products each have their own page: DKP pipe (bright cold-rolled precision tube for furniture and plating), ASTM A53 pipe (Grade B sch 40 / 80 for US-spec projects), galvanized pipe and, for pressure and machine use, seamless pipe. ### Size chart — NPS, OD, wall and weight Nominal pipe size (NPS, inches) is a trade name, not a dimension: 2" pipe has an outside diameter of 60.3 mm. Weight per metre is calculated as (OD − wall) × wall × 0.02466 kg; a 6 m bar of 2" × 3.2 mm weighs 27 kg. Walls in the table are our stock; other walls to EN 10219 or A53 schedule 40/80 on mill order. | NPS | OD (mm) | Wall (mm) | kg/m | kg per 6 m | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | ½" | 21.3 | 1.5 | 0.73 | 4.39 | | ½" | 21.3 | 1.9 | 0.91 | 5.45 | | ½" | 21.3 | 2 | 0.95 | 5.71 | | ½" | 21.3 | 2.5 | 1.16 | 6.95 | | ¾" | 26.9 | 1.5 | 0.94 | 5.64 | | ¾" | 26.9 | 1.9 | 1.17 | 7.03 | | ¾" | 26.9 | 2 | 1.23 | 7.37 | | ¾" | 26.9 | 2.4 | 1.45 | 8.7 | | ¾" | 26.9 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 9.02 | | ¾" | 26.9 | 3 | 1.77 | 10.61 | | 1" | 33.7 | 1.5 | 1.19 | 7.15 | | 1" | 33.7 | 1.9 | 1.49 | 8.94 | | 1" | 33.7 | 2 | 1.56 | 9.38 | | 1" | 33.7 | 2.4 | 1.85 | 11.11 | | 1" | 33.7 | 2.5 | 1.92 | 11.54 | | 1" | 33.7 | 3 | 2.27 | 13.63 | | 1" | 33.7 | 3.2 | 2.41 | 14.44 | | 1" | 33.7 | 3.6 | 2.67 | 16.03 | | 1" | 33.7 | 4 | 2.93 | 17.58 | | 1¼" | 42.4 | 1.4 | 1.42 | 8.49 | | 1¼" | 42.4 | 1.5 | 1.51 | 9.08 | | 1¼" | 42.4 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 11.39 | | 1¼" | 42.4 | 2 | 1.99 | 11.96 | | 1¼" | 42.4 | 2.5 | 2.46 | 14.76 | | 1¼" | 42.4 | 3 | 2.92 | 17.49 | | 1¼" | 42.4 | 3.2 | 3.09 | 18.56 | | 1¼" | 42.4 | 3.6 | 3.45 | 20.67 | | 1¼" | 42.4 | 4 | 3.79 | 22.73 | | 1½" | 48.3 | 1.4 | 1.62 | 9.71 | | 1½" | 48.3 | 1.5 | 1.73 | 10.39 | | 1½" | 48.3 | 1.9 | 2.17 | 13.04 | | 1½" | 48.3 | 2 | 2.28 | 13.7 | | 1½" | 48.3 | 2.4 | 2.72 | 16.3 | | 1½" | 48.3 | 2.5 | 2.82 | 16.94 | | 1½" | 48.3 | 3 | 3.35 | 20.11 | | 1½" | 48.3 | 3.2 | 3.56 | 21.35 | | 1½" | 48.3 | 3.6 | 3.97 | 23.81 | | 1½" | 48.3 | 4 | 4.37 | 26.22 | | 1½" | 48.3 | 5 | 5.34 | 32.03 | | 2" | 60.3 | 1.5 | 2.18 | 13.05 | | 2" | 60.3 | 1.9 | 2.74 | 16.42 | | 2" | 60.3 | 2 | 2.88 | 17.25 | | 2" | 60.3 | 2.4 | 3.43 | 20.56 | | 2" | 60.3 | 2.5 | 3.56 | 21.38 | | 2" | 60.3 | 2.9 | 4.11 | 24.63 | | 2" | 60.3 | 3 | 4.24 | 25.43 | | 2" | 60.3 | 3.2 | 4.51 | 27.04 | | 2" | 60.3 | 3.6 | 5.03 | 30.2 | | 2" | 60.3 | 4 | 5.55 | 33.32 | | 2" | 60.3 | 5 | 6.82 | 40.91 | | 2½" | 76.1 | 1.5 | 2.76 | 16.55 | | 2½" | 76.1 | 2 | 3.66 | 21.93 | | 2½" | 76.1 | 2.4 | 4.36 | 26.17 | | 2½" | 76.1 | 2.5 | 4.54 | 27.22 | | 2½" | 76.1 | 2.9 | 5.24 | 31.41 | | 2½" | 76.1 | 3 | 5.41 | 32.45 | | 2½" | 76.1 | 3.2 | 5.75 | 34.52 | | 2½" | 76.1 | 3.6 | 6.44 | 38.62 | | 2½" | 76.1 | 4 | 7.11 | 42.67 | | 2½" | 76.1 | 5 | 8.77 | 52.6 | | 3" | 88.9 | 1.5 | 3.23 | 19.4 | | 3" | 88.9 | 2 | 4.29 | 25.72 | | 3" | 88.9 | 2.5 | 5.33 | 31.96 | | 3" | 88.9 | 2.9 | 6.15 | 36.9 | | 3" | 88.9 | 3 | 6.36 | 38.13 | | 3" | 88.9 | 3.6 | 7.57 | 45.44 | | 3" | 88.9 | 4 | 8.38 | 50.25 | | 3" | 88.9 | 5 | 10.35 | 62.07 | | 3" | 88.9 | 6 | 12.27 | 73.6 | | 3½" | 101.6 | 2 | 4.91 | 29.47 | | 3½" | 101.6 | 2.5 | 6.11 | 36.66 | | 3½" | 101.6 | 3 | 7.29 | 43.76 | | 3½" | 101.6 | 3.6 | 8.7 | 52.2 | | 3½" | 101.6 | 4 | 9.63 | 57.76 | | 3½" | 101.6 | 5 | 11.91 | 71.47 | | 3½" | 101.6 | 6 | 14.15 | 84.87 | | 4" | 114.3 | 2 | 5.54 | 33.23 | | 4" | 114.3 | 2.5 | 6.89 | 41.35 | | 4" | 114.3 | 3 | 8.23 | 49.4 | | 4" | 114.3 | 3.6 | 9.83 | 58.97 | | 4" | 114.3 | 4 | 10.88 | 65.28 | | 4" | 114.3 | 5 | 13.48 | 80.86 | | 4" | 114.3 | 6 | 16.02 | 96.14 | | 4" | 114.3 | 6.3 | 16.78 | 100.67 | | 5" | 139.7 | 2.5 | 8.46 | 50.75 | | 5" | 139.7 | 3 | 10.11 | 60.68 | | 5" | 139.7 | 4 | 13.39 | 80.31 | | 5" | 139.7 | 5 | 16.61 | 99.65 | | 5" | 139.7 | 6 | 19.78 | 118.69 | | 5" | 139.7 | 8 | 25.98 | 155.89 | | 6" | 168.3 | 3 | 12.23 | 73.37 | | 6" | 168.3 | 4 | 16.21 | 97.24 | | 6" | 168.3 | 5 | 20.14 | 120.81 | | 6" | 168.3 | 6 | 24.01 | 144.08 | | 6" | 168.3 | 8 | 31.62 | 189.74 | | 8" | 219.1 | 3 | 15.99 | 95.92 | | 8" | 219.1 | 4 | 21.22 | 127.3 | | 8" | 219.1 | 5 | 26.4 | 158.39 | | 8" | 219.1 | 6 | 31.53 | 189.18 | | 8" | 219.1 | 8 | 41.65 | 249.88 | | 10" | 273 | 4 | 26.53 | 159.2 | | 10" | 273 | 5 | 33.04 | 198.26 | | 10" | 273 | 6 | 39.51 | 237.03 | | 10" | 273 | 8 | 52.28 | 313.67 | | 10" | 273 | 10 | 64.86 | 389.14 | | 12" | 323.3 | 5 | 39.25 | 235.48 | | 12" | 323.3 | 6 | 46.95 | 281.69 | | 12" | 323.3 | 8 | 62.2 | 373.21 | _EN 10219 / EN 10255 / ASTM A53 dimensions; plain or bevelled ends; 6 m standard, 12 m on request._ ### Which standard: EN 10219, EN 10255 or ASTM A53? For a warehouse frame the fabricator wants EN 10219 S235JRH or S355J2H; for a water or sprinkler line the contractor wants EN 10255 medium series (or A53 Grade B, which is dual-certified on most heats) with threaded ends. We stock both and state the standard on the certificate. | Standard | Purpose | Grades | Test | Ends | Typical buyer | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | EN 10219 | Structural (frames, trusses, columns) | S235JRH, S275J0H, S355J2H | Dimensional, tensile, flattening | Plain | Steel-building fabricators, EU/Balkans | | EN 10255 | Water, gas, compressed air (threadable) | S195T, Light/Medium/Heavy series | Hydrostatic 50 bar, leak test | Plain, bevelled, threaded + socket | Plumbing, fire-fighting, Gulf/Iraq | | ASTM A53 Gr. B | Mechanical and pressure, general | Grade A (205 MPa), Grade B (240 MPa) | Hydro, flattening, bend | Plain, bevelled (Sch 40/80) | Contractors, oil & gas utilities, Africa | | EN 10217-1 | Pressure (boilers, vessels) | P235TR1/TR2 | Hydro, NDT of weld | Bevelled | Process plants | ### Grades and mechanical properties | Grade | Standard | Yield min (MPa) | Tensile (MPa) | Elongation | Notes | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | S195T | EN 10255 | 195 | 320–520 | 20% | Threadable water/gas series | | S235JRH | EN 10219 | 235 | 360–510 | 24% | General structural | | S355J2H | EN 10219 | 355 | 470–630 | 20% | Impact 27 J at −20 °C | | Grade B | ASTM A53 | 240 | 415 min | — | Dual-marked with A500 Gr. B where applicable | | P235TR2 | EN 10217-1 | 235 | 360–500 | 25% | Pressure, impact-tested | ### Ends, coating and finish Plain square-cut ends are standard; bevelled 30° for welding; threaded BSPT to EN 10226 with a socket per bar for the EN 10255 series. Black pipe is delivered with a light mill oil or, for sea voyages over 14 days, a black bituminous or red-oxide varnish. For hot-dip galvanized (GI) pipe see the galvanized pipe page — same mill, zinc to EN 10240 A1. - Plain ends, square cut, deburred - Bevelled ends 30° +5/−0°, root face 1.6 mm - Threaded BSPT + socket, plastic thread protectors - Varnish, red-oxide primer or bare oiled ### Pressure rating and testing Every EN 10255 and A53 bar is hydrostatically tested (50 bar for EN 10255, per formula P = 2St/D for A53, minimum 5 seconds) and eddy-current tested on the weld. Working pressure of 2" medium-series pipe is 16 bar cold water; of 4" A53 Grade B Sch 40, about 40 bar at 20 °C with a 3:1 factor. Steam and hot-oil service require seamless or EN 10217 pressure pipe. ### Scaffold, fence and structural tube 48.3 × 3.2 mm (1½") to EN 39 / BS 1139 is the scaffold tube standard — black or galvanized, 6 m, 3.56 kg/m. Fence posts use 42.4–60.3 mm; canopy and greenhouse frames 33.7–76.1 mm S235JRH; truss chords 88.9–168.3 mm S355J2H. All are cut to length and can be drilled or laser-slotted on our lines. ### ERW vs seamless pipe Where the spec says A106 or EN 10216 you need seamless; where it says A53, EN 10255 or EN 10219, ERW is correct and cheaper. See the seamless pipe page for stocked schedules. | | ERW (welded) | Seamless | | --- | --- | --- | | Manufacture | Strip formed and HF-welded | Pierced billet, no seam | | Wall uniformity | ±10%, very even | ±12.5%, eccentric possible | | Sizes | ½"–24", wall to 12 mm | ⅛"–24", wall to 60 mm | | Pressure / temperature | To ~40 bar, ambient to 200 °C | High pressure, high temperature, sour | | Price | 1.00 | 1.25–1.60 | | Typical use | Structures, water, fire, scaffold, low-pressure gas | Boilers, process, hydraulics, API lines | ### MS pipe price per ton Indicative FOB Istanbul bands from our weekly export list, EN 10219 S235JRH black, 1"–4", 2–4 mm wall, 6 m bars, full-container quantities. Thin-wall small pipe (½"–¾", 1.5–2 mm) costs 10–20% more per ton; threaded-and-socketed EN 10255 adds 4–7%; A53 Grade B with hydro test and bevel 3–5%. - EN 10219 · 1"–4" · 2–4 mm: USD 790–1030 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Hexagonal bundles of 300–1 500 kg strapped in three places, thread protectors on threaded pipe, varnish for long voyages. 6 m pipe loads into 20' and 40' containers; 12 m only into 40' HC. HS code 7306.30 (welded, circular, iron or non-alloy steel). - Moq: 1 × 20' container (≈20 t) or 1 truck (22–24 t); sizes can be mixed - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Red Sea, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus - Lead: Stock 5–10 working days; mill order 2–4 weeks - Packing: Hex bundles 300–1 500 kg, 3 straps; thread protectors; varnish for sea - Container: 20' ≈ 20 t (6 m) · 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t (6 or 12 m) · truck 22–24 t - Docs: Invoice, packing list per bundle, EN 10204 3.1 with hydro test, certificate of origin; SASO, SONCAP, COC, EAC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight via London office ### Certificates EN 10204 3.1 per heat with hydrostatic and eddy-current test records; certificate of origin; SASO/SABER, SONCAP, COC (Iraq), EAC on request; third-party inspection in Dilovası before loading. ### How to order Send NPS or OD × wall, standard (EN 10219 / EN 10255 / A53), end finish, length, quantity in tons or bars and the port. We answer within one working day with price, bundle list, gross weight and containers; stock sizes load in 5–10 working days. ### FAQ **What does MS pipe mean?** Mild steel pipe — low-carbon ERW black steel pipe in structural (EN 10219 / A500) or water-gas (EN 10255 / A53) grades. It is the same product as ERW pipe or black pipe; GI pipe is the hot-dip galvanized version. **What is the difference between GI and MS pipe?** MS (black) pipe is bare or varnished carbon steel; GI pipe is the same pipe hot-dip galvanized with 55–80 µm of zinc for water lines and outdoor use. GI costs about 20–30% more per ton and lasts 20–40 years in fresh water where black pipe rusts in 5–10. **What is the thickness of MS pipe?** From 1.5 mm on ½"–1" light pipe to 8 mm on 8"–12"; EN 10255 medium series is 2.6 mm (½") to 4.5 mm (6"), A53 Sch 40 is 2.77 mm (½") to 8.18 mm (8"). The size chart above lists every stocked OD × wall. **What is the difference between MS pipe and CR pipe?** MS/ERW pipe is made from hot-rolled strip (rougher surface, 1.5 mm and up, structural and pressure use); CR (cold-rolled) tube is made from cold-rolled strip in thin walls 0.6–2 mm for furniture, appliances and precision work (EN 10305-3). CR is smoother and more expensive per ton. **What is the price of MS pipe per ton?** See the indicative FOB Istanbul band above for 1"–4" S235JRH; small thin-wall sizes and threaded EN 10255 pipe sit above it, large-diameter 6"–12" around it. The firm price depends on size mix, quantity and port and is quoted within one working day. **Is ERW pipe suitable for water and gas?** Yes when made to EN 10255 (medium or heavy series) or ASTM A53, which include a 50 bar hydrostatic test and threadable ends; many national codes require galvanized pipe for potable water. Structural EN 10219 pipe is not tested for pressure. **How many 6 m pipes fit in a 20-foot container?** By weight about 20 t: for 2" × 3.2 mm (27 kg per bar) about 740 bars; for 4" × 4 mm (66 kg) about 300 bars. Bundles are chocked to fill the container width. **Can you supply pipe cut to length, drilled or bevelled?** Yes — cut ±2 mm, bevelled for welding, threaded BSPT/NPT, drilled or laser-slotted to DXF, and bent to radius on our section bender for handrail and canopy work. ## DKP Pipe (Cold-Rolled Tube) URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/pipes/dkp-pipe/ A chair leg, a clothes rail, a chrome-plated towel bar, a heater pipe — none of them start from black hot-rolled tube. They start from DKP pipe: thin, bright and straight enough to plate as it comes, and we roll it by the hundred tons a month. ### What is DKP pipe? DKP is the Turkish abbreviation for cold-rolled sheet (from the German *dekapiert*, pickled) and DKP pipe is round tube made from it: DC01 strip to EN 10130 — pickled, cold-reduced, annealed and skin-passed, so it arrives at the tube mill smooth (Ra ≈ 1 µm), bright and held to ±0.05 mm in thickness — is slit, roll-formed and high-frequency welded into tube, the outside weld bead is scarfed flush, and the tube is sized to a tight OD tolerance and cut to 6 m. Compared with the same tube rolled from hot-rolled strip (our ERW black pipe), everything is finer: walls start at 0.6 mm instead of 1.5, the surface has no mill scale and takes chrome plating, powder coat or paint without blasting, the OD holds ±0.1 mm so the tube fits plastic caps, inserts and telescoping parts, and it bends on a mandrel without the flaking a scaled surface produces. The trade that lives on it is furniture — chairs, tables, beds, clothes rails, shelving — plus shop fittings and display, automotive and motorcycle parts (exhaust, seat frames, handlebars), heating and refrigeration tubes, gym equipment, toys and light fabrication. Inside-bead removal (scarfing) is offered for tubes that are plated, bent tightly or telescoped. It is not a structural or pressure product: no yield is guaranteed beyond the strip\'s (DC01 ≈ 140–280 MPa), EN 10219 does not cover it, and it rusts fast if stored wet or used bare outdoors — it is always coated. Our mill rolls 167 sizes from Ø 8 × 0.6 to Ø 76 × 2 mm and the matching square and rectangular DKP profiles on the same lines. ### Weight table — DKP round tube, all 167 sizes Sizes rolled at our Dilovası mill; kg/m = (OD − t) × t × 0.02466. | OD (mm) | Wall (mm) | kg/m | kg per 6 m | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 8 | 0.7 | 0.13 | 0.76 | | 8 | 0.8 | 0.14 | 0.85 | | 8 | 0.9 | 0.16 | 0.95 | | 8 | 1 | 0.17 | 1.04 | | 8 | 1.2 | 0.2 | 1.21 | | 8 | 1.5 | 0.24 | 1.44 | | 9 | 1 | 0.2 | 1.18 | | 10 | 0.6 | 0.14 | 0.83 | | 10 | 0.7 | 0.16 | 0.97 | | 10 | 0.8 | 0.18 | 1.09 | | 10 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 1.21 | | 10 | 1 | 0.22 | 1.33 | | 10 | 1.2 | 0.26 | 1.56 | | 10 | 1.5 | 0.31 | 1.88 | | 12 | 1 | 0.27 | 1.63 | | 12 | 1.5 | 0.39 | 2.33 | | 12 | 2 | 0.49 | 2.96 | | 13 | 0.6 | 0.18 | 1.1 | | 13 | 0.7 | 0.21 | 1.27 | | 13 | 0.8 | 0.24 | 1.45 | | 13 | 0.9 | 0.27 | 1.61 | | 13 | 1 | 0.3 | 1.78 | | 13 | 1.2 | 0.35 | 2.09 | | 13 | 1.5 | 0.43 | 2.55 | | 13 | 2 | 0.54 | 3.26 | | 14 | 2 | 0.59 | 3.55 | | 16 | 0.6 | 0.23 | 1.37 | | 16 | 0.7 | 0.26 | 1.58 | | 16 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 1.8 | | 16 | 0.9 | 0.34 | 2.01 | | 16 | 1 | 0.37 | 2.22 | | 16 | 1.2 | 0.44 | 2.63 | | 16 | 1.5 | 0.54 | 3.22 | | 16 | 2 | 0.69 | 4.14 | | 17 | 2 | 0.74 | 4.44 | | 18 | 0.8 | 0.34 | 2.03 | | 18 | 1 | 0.42 | 2.51 | | 18 | 1.5 | 0.61 | 3.66 | | 19 | 0.6 | 0.27 | 1.63 | | 19 | 0.7 | 0.32 | 1.9 | | 19 | 0.8 | 0.36 | 2.15 | | 19 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 2.41 | | 19 | 1 | 0.44 | 2.66 | | 19 | 1.2 | 0.53 | 3.16 | | 19 | 1.5 | 0.65 | 3.88 | | 19 | 2 | 0.84 | 5.03 | | 20 | 1 | 0.47 | 2.81 | | 20 | 1.2 | 0.56 | 3.34 | | 20 | 1.5 | 0.68 | 4.1 | | 20 | 2 | 0.89 | 5.33 | | 21 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1.81 | | 21 | 0.7 | 0.35 | 2.1 | | 21 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 2.39 | | 21 | 0.9 | 0.45 | 2.68 | | 21 | 1 | 0.49 | 2.96 | | 21 | 1.2 | 0.59 | 3.52 | | 21 | 1.5 | 0.72 | 4.33 | | 21 | 2 | 0.94 | 5.62 | | 22 | 0.7 | 0.37 | 2.21 | | 22 | 0.8 | 0.42 | 2.51 | | 22 | 0.9 | 0.47 | 2.81 | | 22 | 1 | 0.52 | 3.11 | | 22 | 1.2 | 0.62 | 3.7 | | 22 | 1.5 | 0.76 | 4.55 | | 22 | 2 | 0.99 | 5.92 | | 25 | 0.6 | 0.36 | 2.17 | | 25 | 0.7 | 0.42 | 2.51 | | 25 | 0.8 | 0.48 | 2.86 | | 25 | 0.9 | 0.54 | 3.21 | | 25 | 1 | 0.59 | 3.55 | | 25 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 4.22 | | 25 | 1.5 | 0.87 | 5.21 | | 25 | 2 | 1.13 | 6.8 | | 25.4 | 1 | 0.6 | 3.61 | | 25.4 | 1.2 | 0.72 | 4.3 | | 25.4 | 1.5 | 0.88 | 5.3 | | 25.4 | 2 | 1.15 | 6.92 | | 27 | 1.2 | 0.76 | 4.58 | | 27 | 1.5 | 0.94 | 5.66 | | 27 | 2 | 1.23 | 7.4 | | 28 | 0.7 | 0.47 | 2.83 | | 28 | 0.8 | 0.54 | 3.22 | | 28 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 3.61 | | 28 | 1 | 0.67 | 4 | | 28 | 1.2 | 0.79 | 4.76 | | 28 | 1.5 | 0.98 | 5.88 | | 28 | 2 | 1.28 | 7.69 | | 28.6 | 1 | 0.68 | 4.09 | | 28.6 | 1.2 | 0.81 | 4.87 | | 28.6 | 1.5 | 1 | 6.01 | | 28.6 | 2 | 1.31 | 7.87 | | 30 | 0.8 | 0.58 | 3.46 | | 30 | 0.9 | 0.65 | 3.88 | | 30 | 1 | 0.72 | 4.29 | | 30 | 1.2 | 0.85 | 5.11 | | 30 | 1.5 | 1.05 | 6.32 | | 30 | 2 | 1.38 | 8.29 | | 32 | 0.7 | 0.54 | 3.24 | | 32 | 0.8 | 0.62 | 3.7 | | 32 | 0.9 | 0.69 | 4.14 | | 32 | 1 | 0.76 | 4.58 | | 32 | 1.2 | 0.91 | 5.47 | | 32 | 1.5 | 1.13 | 6.77 | | 32 | 2 | 1.48 | 8.88 | | 34 | 1.2 | 0.97 | 5.83 | | 34 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 7.21 | | 34 | 2 | 1.58 | 9.47 | | 35 | 0.8 | 0.68 | 4.05 | | 35 | 0.9 | 0.76 | 4.54 | | 35 | 1 | 0.84 | 5.03 | | 35 | 1.2 | 1 | 6 | | 35 | 1.5 | 1.24 | 7.43 | | 35 | 2 | 1.63 | 9.77 | | 38 | 0.7 | 0.64 | 3.86 | | 38 | 0.8 | 0.73 | 4.4 | | 38 | 0.9 | 0.82 | 4.94 | | 38 | 1 | 0.91 | 5.47 | | 38 | 1.2 | 1.09 | 6.53 | | 38 | 1.5 | 1.35 | 8.1 | | 38 | 2 | 1.78 | 10.66 | | 40 | 0.9 | 0.87 | 5.21 | | 40 | 1 | 0.96 | 5.77 | | 40 | 1.2 | 1.15 | 6.89 | | 40 | 1.5 | 1.42 | 8.54 | | 40 | 2 | 1.87 | 11.24 | | 42 | 0.8 | 0.81 | 4.88 | | 42 | 0.9 | 0.91 | 5.47 | | 42 | 1 | 1.01 | 6.07 | | 42 | 1.2 | 1.21 | 7.24 | | 42 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 8.99 | | 42 | 2 | 1.97 | 11.84 | | 45 | 0.7 | 0.77 | 4.59 | | 45 | 0.8 | 0.87 | 5.23 | | 45 | 0.9 | 0.98 | 5.87 | | 45 | 1 | 1.09 | 6.51 | | 45 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 7.78 | | 45 | 1.5 | 1.61 | 9.65 | | 45 | 2 | 2.12 | 12.73 | | 48 | 1 | 1.16 | 6.95 | | 48 | 1.2 | 1.39 | 8.31 | | 48 | 1.5 | 1.72 | 10.32 | | 48 | 2 | 2.27 | 13.61 | | 50 | 1.2 | 1.44 | 8.66 | | 50 | 1.5 | 1.79 | 10.76 | | 50 | 2 | 2.37 | 14.2 | | 51 | 0.9 | 1.11 | 6.67 | | 51 | 1 | 1.23 | 7.4 | | 51 | 1.2 | 1.47 | 8.84 | | 51 | 1.5 | 1.83 | 10.99 | | 51 | 2 | 2.42 | 14.5 | | 57 | 1 | 1.38 | 8.29 | | 57 | 1.2 | 1.65 | 9.91 | | 57 | 1.5 | 2.05 | 12.32 | | 57 | 2 | 2.71 | 16.28 | | 60 | 1 | 1.46 | 8.73 | | 60 | 1.2 | 1.74 | 10.44 | | 60 | 1.5 | 2.16 | 12.98 | | 60 | 2 | 2.86 | 17.17 | | 70 | 1.5 | 2.53 | 15.2 | | 70 | 2 | 3.35 | 20.12 | | 76 | 1.2 | 2.21 | 13.28 | | 76 | 1.5 | 2.76 | 16.54 | | 76 | 2 | 3.65 | 21.9 | | 89 | 1.5 | 3.24 | 19.42 | | 89 | 2 | 4.29 | 25.75 | | 101.6 | 2 | 4.91 | 29.47 | | 114 | 2 | 5.52 | 33.14 | _Rolled from DC01 cold-rolled strip (EN 10130); bright, scale-free, walls from 0.6 mm; tolerances EN 10305-3. Weight = (OD - t) x t x 0.02466._ ### Grades, standards and tolerances | Grade / standard | Yield (MPa) | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | DC01 (EN 10130) | 140–280 | the standard DKP strip; bright, formable | | DC03 | 140–240 | deeper drawing, tighter bends | | DC04 | 140–210 | extra-deep drawing tube parts | | S235JR hot-rolled (for comparison) | 235 | black ERW pipe — scaled, from 1.5 mm | _Precision tube to EN 10305-3: OD tolerance ±0.1–0.2 mm, wall ±10 %, straightness 1.5 mm/m. Not for pressure or structural design._ ### DKP pipe vs black ERW pipe | Aspect | DKP (cold-rolled) tube | Black (hot-rolled) ERW pipe | | --- | --- | --- | | Strip | DC01 cold-rolled, annealed | S235JR hot-rolled, scaled | | Wall range | 0.6–2.0 mm | 1.5–6 mm | | Surface | bright, smooth, oiled | blue-black mill scale | | OD tolerance | ±0.1–0.2 mm | ±0.5 mm / ±1 % | | Finishing | plate / paint directly | blast or pickle first | | Bending | mandrel, tight radii, no flaking | coarser radii, scale flakes | | Strength | strip yield, not guaranteed | S235 / S355 guaranteed | | Use | furniture, automotive, plating | structure, fencing, water, scaffold | | Price | base + ≈ 20–25 % | base | _For hidden, painted structural tube the black pipe is cheaper; for anything plated, bent tightly or seen, DKP._ ### Lengths and stock The furniture sizes (Ø 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 32, 38, 50.8 × 0.8–1.5 mm) are rolled continuously and normally in stock; the full 167-size range is rolled to order within ten working days. 6 m standard, cut lengths and inside scarfing on request; tubes are lightly oiled — specify dry for immediate powder coating. ### Bending, plating, welding and coating Mandrel-bend at ≥ 2 × OD (inside-scarfed tube for ≤ 2.5 × OD); rotary-swage, flare, expand and telescope thanks to the tight OD. Plate (chrome, nickel, zinc) after degreasing only — no blasting needed; powder coat after degrease and phosphate. MIG / TIG / spot-weld thin walls with low heat; cut with cold saw or laser (tube laser on our line). Store dry and oiled; do not leave outdoors uncoated. ### Where it is used - Chairs, tables, beds, sofas and clothes rails - Shop fittings, display stands and shelving - Chrome-plated bathroom and kitchen accessories - Automotive and motorcycle parts: exhaust, seat frames, handlebars - Heating, refrigeration and solar-collector tubes - Gym equipment, toys, trolleys and light fabrication ### DKP pipe vs ERW black pipe vs galvanized ERW black pipe is the structural and water tube — thicker, scaled, cheaper; galvanized pipe the outdoor one. DKP pipe is the finish-critical tube for plating and furniture. The square and rectangular version is the cold-rolled box section, rolled on the same mill from the same strip. ### Price DKP pipe is priced per ton on the cold-rolled tube list — about 20–25 % above black ERW pipe of the same size, moving with the DC01 coil price — and the band below is the month\'s indicative FOB Istanbul range for the furniture sizes. Inside scarfing, cut lengths and dry delivery are quoted per order. - DKP tube Ø 16–60 mm · 0.8–1.5 mm: USD 990–1690 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing DKP tube is bundled hexagonally in 300–800 kg packs, wrapped in PE film with VCI paper inside against rust (the bright surface has no scale to protect it), strapped with edge boards and tagged with size, wall, count and heat; 18–20 t per 20', 24 t per 40' HC in 6 m. HS 7306.30. - Moq: 1 t per size - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock sizes 3–5 working days; full range rolled within 10 - Packing: Hexagonal bundles 300–800 kg, PE-wrapped against rust, strapped, on timber - Container: 20' ≈ 18–20 t; 40' HC ≈ 24 t of 6 m tube - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (strip), certificate of origin - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight above 100 t ### Certificates Each lot ships with the strip mill\'s EN 10204 3.1 certificate (DC01 chemistry, mechanicals, thickness) and our tube-mill record of OD, wall, straightness and weld test; a plating-suitability sample is provided on request. ### How to order Specify OD × wall, length (6 m or cut), quantity in pieces or tons, inside scarfing yes/no, oiled or dry, strip grade if not DC01, and the finishing process (plating / powder / paint) so we set the surface accordingly. ### FAQ **What is DKP pipe?** Round tube rolled and HF-welded from cold-rolled DC01 strip — bright, scale-free, thin-walled (0.6–2 mm) and dimensionally precise — used for furniture, automotive parts, chrome plating and light fabrication. "DKP" is the Turkish term for cold-rolled sheet. **What is the difference between DKP pipe and ERW black pipe?** The strip: DKP tube is made from cold-rolled DC01 (bright, thin, precise), black pipe from hot-rolled S235 (scaled, thicker, structural). DKP costs 20–25 % more and is used where the surface or the tolerance matters. **Can DKP pipe be chrome plated?** Yes — it is the standard tube for chrome and nickel plating; only degreasing is needed before plating. Order inside-scarfed tube if the bore is visible or plated. **What sizes do you roll?** 167 sizes from Ø 8 × 0.6 to Ø 76 × 2 mm in 6 m; the furniture sizes Ø 16–50.8 mm are in stock. **Is DKP pipe suitable for structures or water?** No — it has no guaranteed yield, is not covered by EN 10219 and rusts if bare; use ERW black or galvanized pipe. **What is the price of DKP pipe?** Per ton FOB Istanbul from the cold-rolled tube list — see the band above; about 20–25 % above black ERW pipe. ## Galvanized Steel Pipe (GI Pipe) URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/pipes/galvanized-pipe/ GI pipe for water, fire-fighting, fencing and scaffold, made and galvanized in Turkey: ½" to 8" (21.3–219.1 mm), wall 2.0–4.5 mm, EN 10255 medium (class B) and heavy (class C) series or ASTM A53 Grade B, hot-dip zinc inside and outside to EN 10240 A1 (min. 55 µm), threaded BSPT and socketed or plain end, hydro-tested, 6 m bars with thread protectors. ### What is GI pipe? GI (galvanized iron) pipe is ERW carbon steel pipe dipped in molten zinc after welding so that inside and outside surfaces carry 55–80 µm of zinc (400–600 g/m²). The zinc protects the steel for 20–40 years in fresh water and outdoor air, which is why GI pipe is the default for domestic and industrial water lines, fire-sprinkler mains, compressed air, fence posts, scaffold, greenhouse frames and electrical conduit. "Class B" and "Class C" are the old BS 1387 names for what EN 10255 now calls medium and heavy series. We make it in Dilovası — strip from our own coil stock, HF welding, hydrostatic test, then hot-dip galvanizing, threading and socketing in one flow — so length, wall and end finish follow your order. ### Pipe pages For US-specification galvanized pipe (Grade B, sch 40, T&C) see the ASTM A53 pipe page. ### Size chart — OD, wall and weight Weights are for galvanized pipe (bare steel mass plus about 3–4% zinc). EN 10255 medium series is the standard for potable water and fire lines; the heavy series adds about 0.4–0.6 mm wall for pressure and threading depth. A 6 m bar of 1" medium (33.7 × 3.2 mm) weighs 14.5 kg. | NPS | OD (mm) | Wall (mm) | kg/m | kg per 6 m | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | ½" | 21.3 | 2 | 0.95 | 5.71 | | ¾" | 26.9 | 2 | 1.23 | 7.37 | | ¾" | 26.9 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 9.02 | | ¾" | 26.9 | 3 | 1.77 | 10.61 | | 1" | 33.7 | 2 | 1.56 | 9.38 | | 1" | 33.7 | 2.5 | 1.92 | 11.54 | | 1" | 33.7 | 3 | 2.27 | 13.63 | | 1¼" | 42.4 | 2 | 1.99 | 11.96 | | 1¼" | 42.4 | 2.5 | 2.46 | 14.76 | | 1¼" | 42.4 | 3 | 2.92 | 17.49 | | 1½" | 48.3 | 2 | 2.28 | 13.7 | | 1½" | 48.3 | 2.5 | 2.82 | 16.94 | | 1½" | 48.3 | 3 | 3.35 | 20.11 | | 2" | 60.3 | 2 | 2.88 | 17.25 | | 2" | 60.3 | 2.5 | 3.56 | 21.38 | | 2" | 60.3 | 3 | 4.24 | 25.43 | | 2½" | 76.1 | 2.5 | 4.54 | 27.22 | | 2½" | 76.1 | 3 | 5.41 | 32.45 | | 3" | 88.9 | 2.5 | 5.33 | 31.96 | | 3" | 88.9 | 3 | 6.36 | 38.13 | | 4" | 114.3 | 3 | 8.23 | 49.4 | _EN 10255 M/H and EN 10219 dimensions; zinc per EN 10240 A1 (min. 55 µm); threaded and socketed or plain end._ ### Medium and heavy series (Class B and C) | NPS | OD (mm) | Medium wall (mm) | Heavy wall (mm) | Medium kg/m | Heavy kg/m | Test pressure | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | ½" | 21.3 | 2.6 | 3.2 | 1.21 | 1.44 | 50 bar | | ¾" | 26.9 | 2.6 | 3.2 | 1.56 | 1.87 | 50 bar | | 1" | 33.7 | 3.2 | 4.0 | 2.41 | 2.93 | 50 bar | | 1¼" | 42.4 | 3.2 | 4.0 | 3.10 | 3.79 | 50 bar | | 1½" | 48.3 | 3.2 | 4.0 | 3.56 | 4.37 | 50 bar | | 2" | 60.3 | 3.6 | 4.5 | 5.03 | 6.19 | 50 bar | | 2½" | 76.1 | 3.6 | 4.5 | 6.42 | 7.93 | 50 bar | | 3" | 88.9 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 8.36 | 10.30 | 50 bar | | 4" | 114.3 | 4.5 | 5.4 | 12.20 | 14.50 | 50 bar | | 5" | 139.7 | 4.5 | 5.4 | 15.00 | 17.90 | 50 bar | | 6" | 165.1 | 4.5 | 5.4 | 17.80 | 21.30 | 50 bar | _Nominal masses for bare pipe per EN 10255; galvanized adds ~3–4%._ ### Zinc coating: EN 10240 A1 and ASTM A53 EN 10240 A1 requires a minimum local zinc mass of 400 g/m² (≈55 µm) inside and out with a smooth, continuous coating and no uncoated areas; threads are cut after galvanizing and protected with oil or a zinc-rich touch-up. ASTM A53 requires 550 g/m² (≈78 µm) on both surfaces by the same hot-dip process. Coating is checked by magnetic thickness gauge on every bundle and reported on the 3.1 certificate. ### Threading, sockets and fittings Ends are threaded BSPT to EN 10226-1 (taper) with one malleable-iron or steel socket per bar and plastic thread protectors; NPT to ASME B1.20.1 for A53 orders. Plain and bevelled ends for welded systems. Matching GI fittings — elbows, tees, sockets, unions, nipples — are supplied from stock to EN 10242 / ASME B16.3, so a water-supply order ships complete. - BSPT (EN 10226-1) or NPT threads, socket per bar - Plain or bevelled ends for grooved / welded systems - GI malleable fittings EN 10242 class A, banded - Grooved (roll-groove) ends for fire-fighting systems on request ### Applications: water, fire-fighting, fencing, scaffold, conduit Potable and irrigation water lines (EN 10255 M, WRAS-type approvals per market), fire sprinkler and hydrant mains (grooved or threaded, red-painted optional), compressed air, agricultural and greenhouse frames, fence and gate posts (42.4–60.3 mm), scaffold tube 48.3 × 3.2 (EN 39), sign posts and street-light columns, electrical conduit (EN 61386 on request). For structural outdoor frames see also pre-galvanized hollow sections. ### GI pipe vs black (MS) pipe vs stainless | | GI (galvanized) | MS (black) | Stainless 304 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Corrosion protection | Zinc 55–80 µm, 20–40 yr fresh water | None; paint or varnish | Inherent, 50+ yr | | Use | Water, fire, fences, scaffold, conduit | Structures, low-pressure air, painted lines | Food, chemical, hot water, visible | | Joints | Threaded, grooved, welded | Welded, threaded | Welded, press-fit | | Price per ton | 1.20–1.30 | 1.00 | 4.5–5.5 | | Weight | Same as MS + 3–4% | — | Thinner walls, lighter | ### GI pipe price per ton Indicative FOB Istanbul band from our weekly export list, EN 10255 medium series threaded and socketed, ½"–4", 6 m, full-container quantities. Zinc follows the LME price, so the band moves with it; heavy series and A53 with NPT add 4–8%. - EN 10255 M · ½"–4": USD 800–880 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Hexagonal bundles of 300–1 200 kg, three straps, thread protectors, sockets fitted; no varnish needed. 6 m bars fit 20' and 40' containers. HS code 7306.30 (welded, galvanized). - Moq: 1 × 20' (≈20 t) or 1 truck (22–24 t); sizes and fittings can be mixed - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Red Sea, Africa · DAP Iraq, Balkans, EU, Caucasus - Lead: Stock 5–10 working days; mill run 2–3 weeks - Packing: Hex bundles 300–1 200 kg, 3 straps, thread protectors, socket per bar - Container: 20' ≈ 20 t · 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t · truck 22–24 t - Docs: Invoice, packing list per bundle, EN 10204 3.1 (hydro + zinc), certificate of origin; SASO, SONCAP, COC, EAC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight via London office ### Certificates EN 10204 3.1 with hydrostatic test, zinc thickness and thread inspection; certificate of origin; SASO/SABER (KSA water pipe), SONCAP (Nigeria), COC (Iraq), EAC (CIS) arranged before loading; potable-water conformity statements per market on request. ### How to order Send NPS, series (medium/heavy or A53 schedule), end finish (threaded + socket / plain / grooved), quantity in tons or bars, fittings if needed, and the port. Reply within one working day with price, bundle plan, gross weight and loading date. ### FAQ **What is GI pipe made of?** Low-carbon ERW steel pipe (S195T to EN 10255 or Grade B to ASTM A53) hot-dip galvanized after welding with 55–80 µm of zinc inside and outside. "Iron" in the name is historical; the pipe is steel. **Class B (medium) or class C (heavy) — which GI pipe should I order?** Old BS 1387 classes: B = medium series (e.g. 1" at 3.2 mm wall), C = heavy series (1" at 4.0 mm). EN 10255 uses the same walls under the names M and H. Class C is chosen for higher pressure, deeper threads and longer life. **What is the price of a 25 mm (1") GI pipe?** A 6 m bar of 1" medium-series GI weighs about 14.5 kg; at the indicative band above that is roughly USD 12–13 per bar FOB Istanbul in full-container quantity, before freight and duty. Ask for the current price per bar or per ton on the RFQ form. **Is GI pipe suitable for drinking water?** Yes — EN 10255 galvanized pipe is the traditional potable-water pipe; several markets require a national conformity mark (SASO in KSA, WRAS-type in the UK) which we arrange. For hot water above 60 °C or aggressive water, stainless or PPR is preferred. **Do you make the GI pipe yourselves?** Yes. Welding, hydro test, hot-dip galvanizing, threading and socketing are done in our Dilovası plant from our own coil; that is why lengths, walls and end finishes can follow the order. **Can GI pipe be welded?** Yes, but the zinc must be ground back 20–30 mm from the joint and the weld re-protected with zinc-rich paint; fumes require ventilation. For welded systems order plain or bevelled ends; for fire systems grooved ends avoid welding altogether. **What sizes of GI pipe do you stock?** ½" to 8" (21.3–219.1 mm OD) in medium and heavy series; 6 m standard, 5.8 m for 20' container optimisation on request. Larger diameters are supplied black and galvanized to order. **How much zinc is on the pipe?** Minimum 400 g/m² (about 55 µm) per EN 10240 A1 on both surfaces; typically 60–80 µm. ASTM A53 orders are coated to 550 g/m². Thickness is measured per bundle and recorded on the certificate. ## Seamless Steel Pipe URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/pipes/seamless-pipe/ Where the specification says A106, EN 10216, API 5L or "seamless", welded pipe is not accepted — and we stock the seamless range: ½" to 12" Sch 40/80 A106 Gr B / P235GH from stock, larger sizes and heavy schedules to 24" on order, boiler tubes P235GH/16Mo3, structural S355J2H and precision cold-drawn tubes. Bevelled, cut, tested and certified 3.1 or 3.2 for boilers, process plants, hydraulics and oil & gas. ### What is seamless pipe? Seamless pipe is made by piercing a hot billet on a rotary piercer and rolling or drawing it to size, so there is no weld: uniform properties around the circumference, full wall thickness at high pressure and temperature, and acceptance under boiler, refinery and pipeline codes that exclude or de-rate welded pipe (ASME B31.1/B31.3, PED, API). The price is 25–60% above ERW of the same size because of the process and the tighter chemistry; for water, structures and low-pressure lines ERW is the correct, cheaper choice — see the ERW pipe page and the comparison below. ### Pipe pages The seamless family has separate pages for boiler tubes (P235GH / P265GH / 16Mo3 to EN 10216-2, A192 / A210), ST52 seamless mechanical and hydraulic tube (E355, honed cylinder tube) and ASTM A53 Type S; stainless seamless is on the seamless stainless pipe page. ### Standards and grades | Standard | Grade | Yield / tensile (MPa) | Service | Typical use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | ASTM A106 | Grade B (C) | 240 / 415 | High temperature to 425 °C | Refineries, power, steam, process (most stock) | | ASTM A53 | Type S Gr. B | 240 / 415 | General pressure | Dual-certified with A106 B | | API 5L | Grade B PSL1 / X42–X65 | 245–450 / 415–535 | Line pipe | Oil, gas and water pipelines | | EN 10216-1 | P235TR2 / P265TR2 | 235–265 / 360–500 | Pressure, room temp., impact −20 °C | Process, pressure lines (EU / PED) | | EN 10216-2 | P235GH / P265GH | 235–265 / 360–530 | Elevated temperature to 400 °C | Boilers, superheaters, steam (PED) | | EN 10216-2 | 16Mo3 / 13CrMo4-5 | 275–290 / 440–590 | To 500–550 °C | Boilers, hot-oil, petrochemical | | EN 10210-1 | S355J2H | 355 / 470–630 | Structural, hot-finished | Piles, structures, cranes | | EN 10305-1 | E235 / E355 +C / +N | 235–355 | Precision, cold-drawn | Hydraulic cylinders, machinery, automotive | ### Sizes: stocked schedules Stocked sizes above (OD × wall × kg/m); the full ASME B36.10M schedule range is available on order. | NPS | OD (mm) | Wall (mm) | kg/m | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | ½" | 21.3 | 2 | 0.95 | | ½" | 21.3 | 7.1 | 2.49 | | ¾" | 26.9 | 2.3 | 1.4 | | ¾" | 26.9 | 6.3 | 3.2 | | 1" | 33.7 | 2.6 | 1.99 | | 1" | 33.7 | 7.1 | 4.66 | | 1¼" | 42.4 | 3.2 | 3.09 | | 1½" | 48.3 | 3.2 | 3.56 | | 1½" | 48.3 | 9.53 | 9.11 | | 2" | 60.3 | 3.6 | 5.03 | | 2" | 60.3 | 9.53 | 11.93 | | 2½" | 76.1 | 3.6 | 6.44 | | 3" | 88.9 | 4 | 8.38 | | 4" | 114.3 | 4.5 | 12.19 | | 5" | 139.7 | 5 | 16.61 | | 12" | 323.9 | 8 | 62.32 | | | 355.6 | 8 | 68.58 | | | 457 | 9.53 | 105.16 | | | 610 | 9.53 | 141.12 | _EN 10216-1/2 (P235TR2, P235GH) and ASTM A106 Gr. B; other schedules on mill order._ ### Schedule chart — OD, wall and weight | NPS | OD (mm) | Sch 40 wall / kg/m | Sch 80 wall / kg/m | Sch 160 wall / kg/m | XXS wall / kg/m | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | ½" | 21.3 | 2.77 / 1.27 | 3.73 / 1.62 | 4.78 / 1.95 | 7.47 / 2.55 | | ¾" | 26.7 | 2.87 / 1.69 | 3.91 / 2.20 | 5.56 / 2.90 | 7.82 / 3.64 | | 1" | 33.4 | 3.38 / 2.50 | 4.55 / 3.24 | 6.35 / 4.24 | 9.09 / 5.45 | | 1½" | 48.3 | 3.68 / 4.05 | 5.08 / 5.41 | 7.14 / 7.25 | 10.15 / 9.55 | | 2" | 60.3 | 3.91 / 5.44 | 5.54 / 7.48 | 8.74 / 11.1 | 11.07 / 13.4 | | 3" | 88.9 | 5.49 / 11.3 | 7.62 / 15.3 | 11.13 / 21.3 | 15.24 / 27.7 | | 4" | 114.3 | 6.02 / 16.1 | 8.56 / 22.3 | 13.49 / 33.5 | 17.12 / 41.0 | | 6" | 168.3 | 7.11 / 28.3 | 10.97 / 42.6 | 18.26 / 67.6 | 21.95 / 79.2 | | 8" | 219.1 | 8.18 / 42.6 | 12.70 / 64.6 | 23.01 / 111 | 22.23 / 108 | | 10" | 273.0 | 9.27 / 60.3 | 15.09 / 96.0 | 28.58 / 172 | 25.40 / 155 | | 12" | 323.9 | 10.31 / 79.7 | 17.48 / 132 | 33.32 / 239 | 25.40 / 187 | | 16" | 406.4 | 12.70 / 123 | 21.44 / 204 | 40.49 / 365 | — | | 20" | 508.0 | 15.09 / 183 | 26.19 / 311 | 50.01 / 565 | — | | 24" | 610.0 | 17.48 / 255 | 30.96 / 442 | 59.54 / 808 | — | ### ERW vs seamless | | Seamless | ERW welded | | --- | --- | --- | | Weld | None | HF seam, heat-treated | | Pressure / temperature | High; ASME B31 without joint factor | Moderate; joint efficiency 0.85–1.0 by code | | Wall range | 2–60 mm, heavy schedules | 1.5–12 mm | | Wall uniformity | ±12.5%, some eccentricity | ±10%, very even | | Sizes | ⅛"–24" (larger on request) | ½"–24" | | Cost | 1.25–1.60 | 1.00 | | Specify for | Boilers, refineries, hydraulics, sour/high-pressure gas, A106/EN 10216 specs | Water, fire, structures, low-pressure gas, A53/EN 10255/EN 10219 specs | ### Testing and certification Every length is hydrostatically tested (or eddy-current / ultrasonic for EN 10216), with tensile, flattening and bend tests per heat; impact tests for TR2 / J2 grades; ultrasonic lamination check on request. Certificates EN 10204 3.1 standard, 3.2 (TÜV, BV, LR, DNV, SGS) for PED and ASME work; PED 2014/68/EU Annex I 4.3 approval on the mill; NACE MR0175 / HIC for sour service on request. ### Ends, coating and processing Bevelled 30° (ASME B16.25) for welding is standard on A106 / API 5L; plain ends for EN 10216 tubes; threaded NPT for small A106; hot-dip galvanized (A53 S) for water. We cut to length, bevel, groove, thread, bend (to 200 mm) and supply matching butt-weld fittings A234 WPB / EN 10253-2 and flanges A105 / EN 1092-1. ### Seamless pipe price per ton Indicative FOB Istanbul band from our weekly export list, A106 Grade B / P235GH ½"–6" Sch 40, 6 m bevelled, full-container quantities; Sch 80 and heavy schedules sit at the top of the band, 16Mo3 and API 5L PSL2 30–50% above, cold-drawn precision tube priced per size. - EN 10216 / A106 B · ½"–6": USD 960–1370 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Bundles with end caps, varnish for sea; 6 m in 20' (20 t) and 40' HC (24–25 t); 12 m in 40' HC or by flat-rack for 16"+. HS code 7304.19 (line pipe), 7304.31/.39 (seamless, circular, non-alloy), 7304.51/.59 (alloy). - Moq: 3 t per size; 1 × 20' for freight - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Red Sea, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: ½"–12" Sch 40/80 stock 5–10 working days; other 3–6 weeks - Packing: Bundles with caps, 3 straps, varnish; heavy pipe single with slings - Container: 20' ≈ 20 t (6 m) · 40' HC ≈ 24–25 t (6 / 12 m) · flat-rack 16"+ · truck 24 t - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1/3.2, PED / API documents, certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / COC / EAC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight via London office ### Certificates EN 10204 3.1 (chemistry, tensile, hydro, NDT), 3.2 witnessed on request, PED material certificate, API monogram for API 5L from licensed mills, certificate of origin; SASO, SONCAP, COC, EAC arranged. ### How to order Send standard and grade, NPS × schedule (or OD × wall), length, ends, quantity, certificate level and port. Reply within one working day; stock sizes ship in 5–10 working days. ### FAQ **What is a seamless pipe?** Pipe made from a pierced and rolled billet with no weld seam, for high-pressure, high-temperature and code-governed service (boilers, refineries, hydraulics, pipelines) under A106, EN 10216, API 5L. **What is the difference between seamless and ERW pipe?** ERW is welded from strip — cheaper, very uniform wall, fine for water, fire, structures and low-pressure lines; seamless has no weld, thicker walls and full code acceptance at high pressure and temperature, at 25–60% more. **Is ASTM A106 seamless?** Yes — A106 covers seamless carbon steel pipe for high-temperature service (Grades A, B, C); Grade B is the standard. A53 can be seamless (Type S) or welded (Type E). **What is the difference between seamless pipe and MS pipe?** MS (mild steel) pipe usually means ERW black pipe for structures and water; seamless is a manufacturing route for pressure pipe. Both are carbon steel; the spec (A106 vs A53/EN 10255/EN 10219) tells you which is required. **What is P235GH tube?** EN 10216-2 seamless boiler and pressure tube, 235 MPa yield with guaranteed elevated-temperature strength to 400 °C and −20 °C impact — the European equivalent for A106 Gr A/B in PED boilers. **Which sizes are in stock?** ½" to 12" Sch 40 and 80 in A106 Gr B / P235GH from stock; 14"–24", Sch 160/XXS, 16Mo3, API 5L PSL2 and cold-drawn precision tubes in 3–6 weeks. **Do you supply 3.2 certificates?** Yes — TÜV, BV, LR, DNV or SGS witness for PED and ASME work; NACE / HIC for sour service on request. **How much does seamless pipe cost?** See the indicative FOB Istanbul band above for A106 B / P235GH Sch 40; heavier schedules and alloy grades above it. Firm price within one working day. ## Boiler Tubes URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/pipes/boiler-tube/ Steam boiler makers in Turkey, Egypt and the Gulf need tubes that carry a PED or ASME stamp, not just a size. We supply boiler tube with the certificate the inspector will ask for — grade, heat, hydrotest, NDT — in the sizes the tube bundles are drawn in. ### What is Boiler tube? A boiler tube is a seamless pressure tube whose steel is specified for creep and oxidation at temperature and whose manufacture is controlled and witnessed for the boiler codes. Carbon grades — P235GH and P265GH (EN 10216-2), A192 and A210 A1/C (ASTM) — serve to about 400–450 °C in water-tube and fire-tube boilers, economisers, boiler banks and heat exchangers; the molybdenum and chromium-molybdenum grades — 16Mo3 (A335 P1), 13CrMo4-5 (P11 / T11), 10CrMo9-10 (P22 / T22) — take superheaters, reheaters and steam lines to 500–580 °C, and X10CrMoVNb9-1 (P91) beyond. The tube is hot-rolled or cold-drawn seamless, normalised (or normalised and tempered for the alloys), pickled or descaled, then 100 % hydrostatically tested and eddy-current or ultrasonically inspected, with the wall tolerance held to ±10 % (tighter for heat-exchanger tube) so that the boiler designer\'s minimum wall is met everywhere. Sizes follow the boiler trade: Ø 25.4–76.1 mm × 2–5 mm for tube bundles and fire tubes, Ø 88.9–168.3 mm × 4–12 mm for headers, downcomers and steam piping, in 6–12 m random or fixed lengths, plain ends. Every heat is certified EN 10204 3.1 with chemistry, tensile at room temperature, hydrotest and NDT; boiler codes (EN 12952/12953, ASME I, PED) require 3.2 witnessing by a notified body or the customer\'s inspector for pressure parts, which we arrange with TÜV, BV or Lloyd\'s at the mill. We hold the common P235GH sizes at Dilovası and source alloy and 3.2 lots from EU mills and approved Asian producers. ### Seamless pipe — stocked sizes (kg/m) Common OD × wall combinations; boiler-tube sizes Ø 25–76 mm and heavier walls are quoted per enquiry with ASME B36.10 / EN 10220 weights. | NPS | OD (mm) | Wall (mm) | kg/m | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | ½" | 21.3 | 2 | 0.95 | | ½" | 21.3 | 7.1 | 2.49 | | ¾" | 26.9 | 2.3 | 1.4 | | ¾" | 26.9 | 6.3 | 3.2 | | 1" | 33.7 | 2.6 | 1.99 | | 1" | 33.7 | 7.1 | 4.66 | | 1¼" | 42.4 | 3.2 | 3.09 | | 1½" | 48.3 | 3.2 | 3.56 | | 1½" | 48.3 | 9.53 | 9.11 | | 2" | 60.3 | 3.6 | 5.03 | | 2" | 60.3 | 9.53 | 11.93 | | 2½" | 76.1 | 3.6 | 6.44 | | 3" | 88.9 | 4 | 8.38 | | 4" | 114.3 | 4.5 | 12.19 | | 5" | 139.7 | 5 | 16.61 | | 12" | 323.9 | 8 | 62.32 | | | 355.6 | 8 | 68.58 | | | 457 | 9.53 | 105.16 | | | 610 | 9.53 | 141.12 | _EN 10216-1/2 (P235TR2, P235GH) and ASTM A106 Gr. B; other schedules on mill order._ ### Grades, standards and tolerances | Grade / standard | Yield (MPa) | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | P235GH (1.0345) — EN 10216-2 | 235 | carbon; boilers to ≈ 400 °C; = A192 / A210 A1 | | P265GH (1.0425) | 265 | carbon, higher strength; = A210 C | | 16Mo3 (1.5415) | 275 | 0.3 % Mo; superheaters to ≈ 500 °C; = A335 P1 | | 13CrMo4-5 (1.7335) | 290 | 1 Cr 0.5 Mo; to ≈ 540 °C; = A335 P11 / A213 T11 | | 10CrMo9-10 (1.7380) | 280 | 2.25 Cr 1 Mo; to ≈ 580 °C; = P22 / T22 | | X10CrMoVNb9-1 (1.4903) | 450 | 9 Cr; to 620 °C; = P91 / T91, to order | _Yield at 20 °C; boiler design uses the elevated-temperature yield (Rp0.2/T) and creep values tabulated in EN 10216-2 / ASME II-D._ ### Which grade for which temperature | Service | Metal temperature | EN grade | ASTM equivalent | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Fire-tube (shell) boiler tubes | ≤ 350 °C | P235GH | A192 / A210 A1 | Ø 51–76 × 3.2–4 typical | | Water-tube boiler bank, economiser | ≤ 400 °C | P235GH / P265GH | A210 A1 / C | | | Low-temperature superheater | 400–480 °C | 16Mo3 | A335 P1 / A209 T1 | | | Superheater, reheater | 480–540 °C | 13CrMo4-5 | P11 / T11 | | | High-temperature superheater, main steam | 540–580 °C | 10CrMo9-10 | P22 / T22 | | | Supercritical / USC | 580–620 °C | X10CrMoVNb9-1 | P91 / T91 | to order; special welding | | Heat exchangers, condensers (water side) | ≤ 300 °C | P235TR2 / P235GH | A179 / A192 | tight wall tolerance | _Design to EN 12952-3 / ASME I with the code allowable stress; the grade is fixed by the boiler designer, not the supplier._ ### Testing and documentation | Test / document | Requirement | Standard | | --- | --- | --- | | Chemical analysis (heat) | every heat | EN 10216-2 Table 1 / ASTM | | Tensile at 20 °C | per lot | EN ISO 6892-1 | | Elevated-temperature yield | on request (3.2) | EN ISO 6892-2 | | Flattening / flaring / ring test | per lot | EN ISO 8492 / 8493 | | Hydrostatic test | 100 % of tubes | EN 10216-2 §11.8 / A450 | | Eddy-current or UT | 100 % (option 1 / 2) | EN ISO 10893 | | Wall thickness | 100 % on cold-drawn tube | EN ISO 10893-12 | | Certificate | 3.1 standard; 3.2 for code pressure parts | EN 10204 | | PED / AD 2000 / ASME | material certification per code | notified body | _Boiler makers should state the code (EN 12952 / 12953, PED category, ASME I) on the enquiry so the right test scope is ordered at the mill._ ### Lengths and stock P235GH seamless in Ø 25.4–76.1 × 2.6–4 mm and Ø 88.9–168.3 × 4–8 mm is held at Dilovası for despatch in 1–2 weeks; P265GH, 16Mo3, 13CrMo4-5, 10CrMo9-10, A192 / A210 inch sizes and all 3.2-witnessed lots are mill orders of 4–8 weeks. Lengths 6 m fixed or 5–12 m random; plain ends. ### Cutting, bending, expanding and welding Cut with a cold saw and deburr; boiler tubes are bent on mandrel or induction benders (P235GH cold to 2 × OD, alloys hot or with post-bend heat treatment per code), expanded into drums and headers with roller expanders (tube ends soft-annealed on request), and welded with matching consumables — carbon grades without preheat, 16Mo3 with 100–150 °C, Cr-Mo grades with preheat and post-weld heat treatment. Welding procedures and welder qualifications follow the boiler code. ### Where it is used - Fire-tube and water-tube steam boilers, boiler banks - Economisers, air heaters and feedwater heaters - Superheaters and reheaters (alloy grades) - Heat exchangers, condensers and shell-and-tube units - Steam lines, headers and downcomers - Thermal-oil and hot-water boilers ### Boiler tube vs seamless pipe vs ERW Ordinary seamless pipe (P235TR / A106 B) is for pressure at ambient and moderate temperature; boiler tube adds the elevated-temperature grades, 100 % testing and code certification. ERW pipe is never used for boiler pressure parts. The plate for the drums and shells is on the P235GH and P265GH pages. ### Price Boiler tube is priced per ton or per metre by grade, size, wall and certificate level — carbon P235GH close to seamless pipe plus the testing premium, alloys well above — and follows the seamless pipe list; the bands below are indicative FOB Istanbul for the carbon and alloy ranges. 3.2 witnessing and PED certification are quoted per lot. - P235GH seamless · Ø 25–76 mm: USD 1210–1620 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - 16Mo3 / 13CrMo4-5 seamless: USD 1860–2270 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Boiler tubes ship in strapped bundles of 0.5–2 t with plastic end caps and PE wrap, on timber bearers, every tube stencilled with grade, standard, heat and size as the codes require; 18–20 t per 20', 24 t per 40' HC, 12 m tubes on flat-rack from Derince. HS 7304.31 / 7304.39 (carbon), 7304.51 / 7304.59 (alloy). - Moq: 1 t per size (mixed sizes accepted) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Common P235GH sizes 1–2 weeks; alloy grades and 3.2 lots 4–8 weeks - Packing: Bundles with end caps, strapped on timber, PE-wrapped; heat and grade stencilled - Container: 20' ≈ 18–20 t; 40' HC ≈ 24 t; 12 m tubes on flat-rack - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (3.2 on request), PED material certificate, certificate of origin - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight above 100 t ### Certificates Every heat carries EN 10204 3.1 with chemistry, tensile, flattening / flaring, hydrostatic and NDT results to EN 10216-2 or the ASTM standard; for code pressure parts we arrange 3.2 certificates witnessed by TÜV, BV or Lloyd\'s, PED 2014/68/EU material certification and elevated-temperature tests, and supply the mill\'s ISO 9001 / PED / AD 2000-W0 approvals. ### How to order Specify the grade and standard (e.g. P235GH EN 10216-2 TC1/TC2, A210 A1), OD × wall, length, quantity in metres or pieces, the boiler code and PED category, certificate (3.1 / 3.2 and the inspector), NDT option and delivery; a mill quotation follows within two working days. ### FAQ **What is a boiler tube?** A seamless pressure tube in a grade specified for elevated temperature (P235GH, P265GH, 16Mo3, 13CrMo4-5 …), made to EN 10216-2 or ASTM A192 / A210 / A335, 100 % hydro- and NDT-tested and certified for boiler codes. **What is the difference between P235GH and P265GH tube?** P265GH has 265 MPa yield against 235 — about 13 % more allowable stress, so thinner walls or higher pressure for the same size; both are carbon grades for service to about 400 °C. **Which tube for a superheater?** 16Mo3 to about 500 °C, 13CrMo4-5 (P11) to 540 °C, 10CrMo9-10 (P22) to 580 °C — fixed by the boiler designer per EN 12952 / ASME I. **Do you supply 3.2 certified boiler tube?** Yes — witnessed by TÜV, BV or Lloyd's at the mill, with PED material certification; state the code and inspector on the enquiry. **What is the ASTM equivalent of P235GH tube?** ASTM A192 (seamless carbon boiler tube for high pressure) and A210 Grade A1 are the closest; A210 C corresponds to P265GH. **What sizes are in stock?** P235GH Ø 25.4–76.1 × 2.6–4 mm and Ø 88.9–168.3 × 4–8 mm at Dilovası; other grades and sizes 4–8 weeks from the mill. ## ST52 Seamless Pipe URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/pipes/st52-seamless-pipe/ Every hydraulic cylinder on an excavator, press or tipper starts life as ST52 seamless tube — honed to a mirror bore, cut to stroke length. Machine builders in Turkey still call it ST52; the certificate says E355. We stock the cylinder sizes and source the rest. ### What is ST52 seamless pipe? ST52 is the old DIN name (ST52-3, DIN 1629 for hot-finished seamless, DIN 2391 for cold-drawn) of the fine-grained carbon-manganese steel that EN now calls E355 — E for engineering, 355 MPa minimum yield, material number 1.0580 — the workhorse of seamless mechanical tube. It is not a pressure grade (that is P355) nor a structural hollow section (S355J2H): it is specified by mechanical engineers for parts that are machined, honed, bored, turned and welded into machines, and its selling points are strength with good machinability, a clean seamless wall that can be bored to a cylinder tolerance, and availability in every size from Ø 20 to Ø 406 mm with walls to 40 mm and more. Three product forms cover the trade. Hot-finished tube (EN 10297-1, +AR or +N) is the heavy-wall general-purpose form for machining rings, bushings, axles, rollers and structural machine parts, with generous tolerances and a scaled surface. Cold-drawn tube (EN 10305-1, E355+SR stress-relieved, +N normalised, +C hard) is bright, close-tolerance (OD ±0.1–0.3 mm), and is the starting stock for hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders: honed (H8 bore, Ra ≤ 0.4 µm) or skived and roller-burnished (SRB, Ra ≤ 0.2 µm) tube, ready to cut to stroke length and weld the end caps on, and chrome-plated bar of the same steel for the piston rods. Heavy-wall mechanical tube for machining is the third — chosen instead of solid bar to save 30–60 % of the material when the part is hollow. E355 welds like S355 (no preheat below 20 mm), machines well, and can be induction-hardened or nitrided for wear. We stock cold-drawn and honed cylinder sizes Ø 40–200 mm bore and hot-finished Ø 60–219 mm, and source larger and special sizes from EU and Asian mills. ### Seamless pipe — stocked sizes (kg/m) General seamless sizes; E355 mechanical and cylinder tube is quoted per OD × wall from the EN 10297 / 10305 size ranges — weights per EN 10220. | NPS | OD (mm) | Wall (mm) | kg/m | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | ½" | 21.3 | 2 | 0.95 | | ½" | 21.3 | 7.1 | 2.49 | | ¾" | 26.9 | 2.3 | 1.4 | | ¾" | 26.9 | 6.3 | 3.2 | | 1" | 33.7 | 2.6 | 1.99 | | 1" | 33.7 | 7.1 | 4.66 | | 1¼" | 42.4 | 3.2 | 3.09 | | 1½" | 48.3 | 3.2 | 3.56 | | 1½" | 48.3 | 9.53 | 9.11 | | 2" | 60.3 | 3.6 | 5.03 | | 2" | 60.3 | 9.53 | 11.93 | | 2½" | 76.1 | 3.6 | 6.44 | | 3" | 88.9 | 4 | 8.38 | | 4" | 114.3 | 4.5 | 12.19 | | 5" | 139.7 | 5 | 16.61 | | 12" | 323.9 | 8 | 62.32 | | | 355.6 | 8 | 68.58 | | | 457 | 9.53 | 105.16 | | | 610 | 9.53 | 141.12 | _EN 10216-1/2 (P235TR2, P235GH) and ASTM A106 Gr. B; other schedules on mill order._ ### Grades, standards and tolerances | Grade / standard | Yield (MPa) | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | E355 (1.0580) — EN 10297-1 +N | 355 | hot-finished mechanical tube = ST52-3 DIN 1629 | | E355+SR — EN 10305-1 | 450 (typ.) | cold-drawn, stress-relieved; hydraulic cylinder tube = ST52 BK+S | | E355+N — EN 10305-1 | 355 | cold-drawn, normalised; for welding and bending | | E355+C — EN 10305-1 | ≥ 520 | cold-drawn hard; rollers, shafts | | E235 / E275 (ST37 / ST44) | 235 / 275 | lighter mechanical tube | | E470 / 20MnV6 | 470 | higher strength, to order | _Chemistry E355: C ≤ 0.22, Si ≤ 0.55, Mn ≤ 1.60, P/S ≤ 0.025. Not for pressure design — use P235GH / P355NH tube for that._ ### Hydraulic cylinder tube — sizes and tolerances | Bore (mm) | OD × wall | Bore tolerance | Bore Ra (µm) | Straightness | Use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 40 | 50 × 5 | H8 | ≤ 0.4 honed / ≤ 0.2 SRB | ≤ 0.3 mm/m | small cylinders, agricultural | | 50 | 60 × 5 / 63 × 6.5 | H8 | as above | ≤ 0.3 mm/m | tipper, loader | | 63 | 75 × 6 / 80 × 8.5 | H8 | as above | ≤ 0.3 mm/m | excavator, press | | 80 | 90 × 5 / 95 × 7.5 / 100 × 10 | H8 | as above | ≤ 0.3 mm/m | construction machinery | | 100 | 115 × 7.5 / 120 × 10 | H8 | as above | ≤ 0.3 mm/m | cranes, presses | | 125 | 140 × 7.5 / 150 × 12.5 | H8 | as above | ≤ 0.3 mm/m | heavy presses, mining | | 160 | 180 × 10 / 190 × 15 | H8 / H9 | as above | ≤ 0.5 mm/m | heavy equipment | | 200 | 220 × 10 / 230 × 15 | H9 | as above | ≤ 0.5 mm/m | to order | _Other bores and walls per EN 10305-1 and ISO 4394; tube supplied in 6 m or cut to stroke length + allowance. Chrome-plated E355 / CK45 rod for pistons on request._ ### Lengths and stock Honed and SRB cylinder tube in the common bores (Ø 40–160) and hot-finished E355 in Ø 60.3–219.1 × 5–20 mm are held by us and our stock partners for despatch within 1–2 weeks; larger, heavier and +C / +N cold-drawn sizes come from the mill in 4–8 weeks. Cut to length on our saws; honed tube cut with end protection. ### Machining, honing, welding and heat treatment E355 machines freely at HSS or carbide speeds for 355-MPa steel; bore and hone hot-finished tube to make cylinders where stock honed tube is not available (allow 1.5–3 mm on the bore). Weld with G3Si1 / E42 consumables, no preheat below 20 mm, stress-relieve welded cylinders at 550–600 °C if the bore is honed afterwards. Induction-harden or nitride for wear; +SR tube must not be heated above 500 °C or it loses its straightness. Cold-draw and bend +N tube; +SR bends only at large radii. ### Where it is used - Hydraulic and pneumatic cylinder barrels (honed / SRB) - Piston rods, axles, shafts and rollers - Bushings, rings and machined hollow parts - Crane, excavator, press and agricultural machine components - Conveyor rollers and idlers - Heavy-wall tube for structural machine parts ### ST52 seamless vs S355J2H vs P355 S355J2H hollow sections are the structural, welded (or hot-finished) version for buildings and frames — cheaper and not for machining; P355NH / P265GH tube (boiler tube) is the pressure version with elevated-temperature guarantees. E355 / ST52 is the mechanical engineer\'s tube; for lighter machine tube, E235 seamless on the seamless pipe page. ### Price E355 seamless is priced per ton or per metre by form (hot-finished, cold-drawn, honed), size and wall, following the seamless pipe list; honed cylinder tube is priced per metre and carries the largest premium. The bands below are indicative FOB Istanbul for hot-finished mechanical tube and honed cylinder tube. - E355 hot-finished · Ø 60–219 mm: USD 1110–1520 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - E355+SR honed cylinder tube: USD 1860–2270 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Mechanical tube ships in strapped bundles of 1–2 t on timber with end caps and PE wrap; honed and cold-drawn tube is capped, sleeved individually and packed in wooden crates or padded bundles so the bore and surface arrive undamaged. 18–22 t per 20', 24–26 t per 40' HC in 6 m; heavier walls fill the container by weight. HS 7304.39 / 7304.59. - Moq: 500 kg (mixed sizes) - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Cylinder and common sizes 1–2 weeks; mill order 4–8 weeks - Packing: Bundles on timber with end caps and PE wrap; honed tube capped and individually sleeved - Container: 20' ≈ 18–22 t; 40' HC ≈ 24–26 t - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1, certificate of origin; 3.2 on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight above 100 t ### Certificates E355 tube ships with EN 10204 3.1 (heat chemistry, tensile, hardness, delivery condition +SR / +N / +C, dimensions) to EN 10297-1 or EN 10305-1; honed tube adds the bore measurement and roughness report; 3.2 witnessing and ultrasonic testing on request for crane and mining components. ### How to order Specify E355 and the form (EN 10297-1 hot-finished; EN 10305-1 +SR / +N / +C; honed or SRB with bore tolerance), OD × wall or bore × wall, length or cut lengths, quantity, certificate and any straightness / surface / hardness requirements; cylinder makers may send the cylinder drawing. ### FAQ **What is ST52 seamless pipe?** Seamless mechanical tube in the 355 MPa fine-grain steel now designated E355 (1.0580) — hot-finished (EN 10297-1) or cold-drawn (EN 10305-1) — used for hydraulic cylinders, shafts, rollers and machined parts. ST52-3 is the historic DIN name. **What is the EN equivalent of ST52 tube?** E355 (material 1.0580): EN 10297-1 for hot-finished (= DIN 1629 ST52-3) and EN 10305-1 E355+SR / +N / +C for cold-drawn (= DIN 2391 ST52 BK+S / NBK / BK). **What is honed tube?** Cold-drawn E355+SR tube whose bore has been honed to an H8 tolerance and Ra ≤ 0.4 µm (or skived and roller-burnished to Ra ≤ 0.2) so it can be used directly as a hydraulic cylinder barrel. **Can ST52 tube be used for pressure pipe or structures?** It is a mechanical grade without pressure or structural certification; use P235GH / P355NH tube for pressure and S355J2H hollow sections for structures. **What sizes are in stock?** Honed cylinder tube in bores Ø 40–160 and hot-finished E355 Ø 60.3–219.1 × 5–20 mm within 1–2 weeks; larger and special sizes 4–8 weeks from the mill. ## ASTM A53 Pipe URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/pipes/astm-a53-pipe/ When the specification comes from a US engineering house, the pipe is A53 Grade B sch 40 — not EN 10255 M, not EN 10219 — and the inspector wants the A53 certificate. Turkish ERW mills are certified to it, and we supply it with the mill test report the spec calls for. ### What is ASTM A53 pipe? ASTM A53 covers black and hot-dip galvanized steel pipe for mechanical and pressure applications and for ordinary steam, water, gas and air lines — the general-purpose carbon-steel pipe of the American system, dimensioned to ASME B36.10M in nominal pipe sizes (NPS) and schedules. It is made in three types: Type F (furnace butt-welded, Grade A only, rarely exported), Type E (electric-resistance welded, Grades A and B) and Type S (seamless, Grades A and B); Grade B, with 240 MPa (35 ksi) yield and 415 MPa tensile, is what projects specify, and Type E is the volume product from Turkish ERW mills, Type S coming from seamless mills. The standard requires a hydrostatic test on every length (or NDE for Type E), a flattening test, bend tests on small sizes, and — for Type E — a weld seam heat-treated to at least 540 °C (or NDE per supplementary requirement) so that the seam is not a hard, untempered line; galvanized pipe is hot-dipped to a minimum 550 g/m² (1.8 oz/ft²) of zinc. Ends are plain, bevelled 30° for welding, or threaded NPT and coupled (T&C) for screwed plumbing and fire-fighting systems. A53 sits beside its cousins: A106 is the seamless-only pipe for high-temperature service (the same sizes, tighter chemistry, silicon-killed), A500 the structural tube, A795 the sprinkler pipe, and API 5L the line pipe — an A53 Grade B Type S pipe is very often dual-certified A53/A106 B/API 5L B, and A53 Type E is frequently dual-marked with EN 10255 or EN 10219 in Turkish production. The applications are those of the ordinary steel pipe: fire-fighting and sprinkler mains (with A795), plumbing and HVAC, compressed air and low-pressure steam, structural columns, handrails and sleeves, and mechanical parts. We supply Type E sch 40 and 80 in ½"–24" and Type S in ½"–12" from Turkish and EU mills with the A53 mill test report. ### ERW pipe — NPS, OD, wall and weight ASME B36.10M sizes; sch 40 = STD, sch 80 = XS up to 10". A53 walls are identical to the EN sizes listed; check the schedule column. | NPS | OD (mm) | Wall (mm) | kg/m | kg per 6 m | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | ½" | 21.3 | 1.5 | 0.73 | 4.39 | | ½" | 21.3 | 1.9 | 0.91 | 5.45 | | ½" | 21.3 | 2 | 0.95 | 5.71 | | ½" | 21.3 | 2.5 | 1.16 | 6.95 | | ¾" | 26.9 | 1.5 | 0.94 | 5.64 | | ¾" | 26.9 | 1.9 | 1.17 | 7.03 | | ¾" | 26.9 | 2 | 1.23 | 7.37 | | ¾" | 26.9 | 2.4 | 1.45 | 8.7 | | ¾" | 26.9 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 9.02 | | ¾" | 26.9 | 3 | 1.77 | 10.61 | | 1" | 33.7 | 1.5 | 1.19 | 7.15 | | 1" | 33.7 | 1.9 | 1.49 | 8.94 | | 1" | 33.7 | 2 | 1.56 | 9.38 | | 1" | 33.7 | 2.4 | 1.85 | 11.11 | | 1" | 33.7 | 2.5 | 1.92 | 11.54 | | 1" | 33.7 | 3 | 2.27 | 13.63 | | 1" | 33.7 | 3.2 | 2.41 | 14.44 | | 1" | 33.7 | 3.6 | 2.67 | 16.03 | | 1" | 33.7 | 4 | 2.93 | 17.58 | | 1¼" | 42.4 | 1.4 | 1.42 | 8.49 | | 1¼" | 42.4 | 1.5 | 1.51 | 9.08 | | 1¼" | 42.4 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 11.39 | | 1¼" | 42.4 | 2 | 1.99 | 11.96 | | 1¼" | 42.4 | 2.5 | 2.46 | 14.76 | | 1¼" | 42.4 | 3 | 2.92 | 17.49 | | 1¼" | 42.4 | 3.2 | 3.09 | 18.56 | | 1¼" | 42.4 | 3.6 | 3.45 | 20.67 | | 1¼" | 42.4 | 4 | 3.79 | 22.73 | | 1½" | 48.3 | 1.4 | 1.62 | 9.71 | | 1½" | 48.3 | 1.5 | 1.73 | 10.39 | | 1½" | 48.3 | 1.9 | 2.17 | 13.04 | | 1½" | 48.3 | 2 | 2.28 | 13.7 | | 1½" | 48.3 | 2.4 | 2.72 | 16.3 | | 1½" | 48.3 | 2.5 | 2.82 | 16.94 | | 1½" | 48.3 | 3 | 3.35 | 20.11 | | 1½" | 48.3 | 3.2 | 3.56 | 21.35 | | 1½" | 48.3 | 3.6 | 3.97 | 23.81 | | 1½" | 48.3 | 4 | 4.37 | 26.22 | | 1½" | 48.3 | 5 | 5.34 | 32.03 | | 2" | 60.3 | 1.5 | 2.18 | 13.05 | | 2" | 60.3 | 1.9 | 2.74 | 16.42 | | 2" | 60.3 | 2 | 2.88 | 17.25 | | 2" | 60.3 | 2.4 | 3.43 | 20.56 | | 2" | 60.3 | 2.5 | 3.56 | 21.38 | | 2" | 60.3 | 2.9 | 4.11 | 24.63 | | 2" | 60.3 | 3 | 4.24 | 25.43 | | 2" | 60.3 | 3.2 | 4.51 | 27.04 | | 2" | 60.3 | 3.6 | 5.03 | 30.2 | | 2" | 60.3 | 4 | 5.55 | 33.32 | | 2" | 60.3 | 5 | 6.82 | 40.91 | | 2½" | 76.1 | 1.5 | 2.76 | 16.55 | | 2½" | 76.1 | 2 | 3.66 | 21.93 | | 2½" | 76.1 | 2.4 | 4.36 | 26.17 | | 2½" | 76.1 | 2.5 | 4.54 | 27.22 | | 2½" | 76.1 | 2.9 | 5.24 | 31.41 | | 2½" | 76.1 | 3 | 5.41 | 32.45 | | 2½" | 76.1 | 3.2 | 5.75 | 34.52 | | 2½" | 76.1 | 3.6 | 6.44 | 38.62 | | 2½" | 76.1 | 4 | 7.11 | 42.67 | | 2½" | 76.1 | 5 | 8.77 | 52.6 | | 3" | 88.9 | 1.5 | 3.23 | 19.4 | | 3" | 88.9 | 2 | 4.29 | 25.72 | | 3" | 88.9 | 2.5 | 5.33 | 31.96 | | 3" | 88.9 | 2.9 | 6.15 | 36.9 | | 3" | 88.9 | 3 | 6.36 | 38.13 | | 3" | 88.9 | 3.6 | 7.57 | 45.44 | | 3" | 88.9 | 4 | 8.38 | 50.25 | | 3" | 88.9 | 5 | 10.35 | 62.07 | | 3" | 88.9 | 6 | 12.27 | 73.6 | | 3½" | 101.6 | 2 | 4.91 | 29.47 | | 3½" | 101.6 | 2.5 | 6.11 | 36.66 | | 3½" | 101.6 | 3 | 7.29 | 43.76 | | 3½" | 101.6 | 3.6 | 8.7 | 52.2 | | 3½" | 101.6 | 4 | 9.63 | 57.76 | | 3½" | 101.6 | 5 | 11.91 | 71.47 | | 3½" | 101.6 | 6 | 14.15 | 84.87 | | 4" | 114.3 | 2 | 5.54 | 33.23 | | 4" | 114.3 | 2.5 | 6.89 | 41.35 | | 4" | 114.3 | 3 | 8.23 | 49.4 | | 4" | 114.3 | 3.6 | 9.83 | 58.97 | | 4" | 114.3 | 4 | 10.88 | 65.28 | | 4" | 114.3 | 5 | 13.48 | 80.86 | | 4" | 114.3 | 6 | 16.02 | 96.14 | | 4" | 114.3 | 6.3 | 16.78 | 100.67 | | 5" | 139.7 | 2.5 | 8.46 | 50.75 | | 5" | 139.7 | 3 | 10.11 | 60.68 | | 5" | 139.7 | 4 | 13.39 | 80.31 | | 5" | 139.7 | 5 | 16.61 | 99.65 | | 5" | 139.7 | 6 | 19.78 | 118.69 | | 5" | 139.7 | 8 | 25.98 | 155.89 | | 6" | 168.3 | 3 | 12.23 | 73.37 | | 6" | 168.3 | 4 | 16.21 | 97.24 | | 6" | 168.3 | 5 | 20.14 | 120.81 | | 6" | 168.3 | 6 | 24.01 | 144.08 | | 6" | 168.3 | 8 | 31.62 | 189.74 | | 8" | 219.1 | 3 | 15.99 | 95.92 | | 8" | 219.1 | 4 | 21.22 | 127.3 | | 8" | 219.1 | 5 | 26.4 | 158.39 | | 8" | 219.1 | 6 | 31.53 | 189.18 | | 8" | 219.1 | 8 | 41.65 | 249.88 | | 10" | 273 | 4 | 26.53 | 159.2 | | 10" | 273 | 5 | 33.04 | 198.26 | | 10" | 273 | 6 | 39.51 | 237.03 | | 10" | 273 | 8 | 52.28 | 313.67 | | 10" | 273 | 10 | 64.86 | 389.14 | | 12" | 323.3 | 5 | 39.25 | 235.48 | | 12" | 323.3 | 6 | 46.95 | 281.69 | | 12" | 323.3 | 8 | 62.2 | 373.21 | _EN 10219 / EN 10255 / ASTM A53 dimensions; plain or bevelled ends; 6 m standard, 12 m on request._ ### Grades, standards and tolerances | Grade / standard | Yield (MPa) | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | A53 Grade B (Type E / S) | 240 (35 ksi) | the specified grade; tensile ≥ 415 MPa | | A53 Grade A | 205 (30 ksi) | lighter duty, Type F / E | | A106 Grade B (seamless) | 240 | high-temperature service; often dual-certified with A53 B Type S | | API 5L Grade B | 241 | line pipe; dual-certified on seamless | | EN 10255 S195T / EN 10219 S235JRH | 195 / 235 | European equivalents in the same sizes | _A53 Grade B chemistry: C ≤ 0.30, Mn ≤ 1.20, P ≤ 0.05, S ≤ 0.045 (plus Cu, Ni, Cr, Mo, V limits). Design per ASME B31.1 / B31.3 / B31.9._ ### A53 vs A106 vs EN 10255 / EN 10219 | Standard | Process | Grade / yield | Service | Ends | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | ASTM A53 Gr B Type E | ERW, seam heat-treated | 240 MPa | general: water, air, steam, gas, structural | plain / bevel / T&C | the volume product | | ASTM A53 Gr B Type S | seamless | 240 MPa | as above + higher pressure | plain / bevel | often dual A106 B | | ASTM A106 Gr B | seamless only | 240 MPa | high temperature (to 425 °C+) | plain / bevel | Si ≥ 0.10, killed | | ASTM A795 | ERW / seamless | 205–240 MPa | fire-protection sprinkler | grooved / threaded | sch 10 / 40 | | API 5L Gr B | ERW / seamless | 241 MPa | oil and gas lines | bevel | PSL1 / PSL2 | | EN 10255 M / H | ERW / seamless | 195 MPa | water, gas (threading) | plain / threaded | European equivalent | | EN 10219 S235JRH | ERW | 235 MPa | structural | plain | not for pressure | _Same NPS × schedule dimensions across the ASTM standards (ASME B36.10M); EN sizes are OD × wall and coincide with most schedules._ ### Sch 40 and sch 80 dimensions and weights | NPS | OD (mm) | Sch 40 wall (mm) | Sch 40 kg/m | Sch 80 wall (mm) | Sch 80 kg/m | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | ½" | 21.3 | 2.77 | 1.27 | 3.73 | 1.62 | | ¾" | 26.7 | 2.87 | 1.69 | 3.91 | 2.20 | | 1" | 33.4 | 3.38 | 2.50 | 4.55 | 3.24 | | 1½" | 48.3 | 3.68 | 4.05 | 5.08 | 5.41 | | 2" | 60.3 | 3.91 | 5.44 | 5.54 | 7.48 | | 3" | 88.9 | 5.49 | 11.29 | 7.62 | 15.27 | | 4" | 114.3 | 6.02 | 16.07 | 8.56 | 22.32 | | 6" | 168.3 | 7.11 | 28.26 | 10.97 | 42.56 | | 8" | 219.1 | 8.18 | 42.55 | 12.70 | 64.64 | | 10" | 273.1 | 9.27 | 60.31 | 12.70 | 81.55 | | 12" | 323.9 | 10.31 | 79.73 | 12.70 | 97.46 | _Sch 40 = STD and sch 80 = XS up to 10"; above 12" STD is 9.53 mm and XS 12.70 mm regardless of schedule._ ### Lengths and stock A53 Grade B Type E sch 40 in ½"–8", black, plain or bevelled ends, is available from Turkish mill stock within 1–2 weeks; galvanized T&C ½"–4", sch 80, Type S and 10"–24" are mill runs of 3–6 weeks. Lengths 6 m (single random 4.9–6.7 m) or 12 m; threaded pipe supplied with couplings and thread protectors. ### Threading, grooving, welding and galvanizing Thread NPT per ASME B1.20.1 (we supply T&C with couplings), roll-groove for Victaulic-type couplings on sch 40 pipe, bevel 30° ± 5° for butt welding; weld with E6010 / E7018 or G3Si1 — no preheat — and per ASME B31 procedures on pressure systems. Hot-dip galvanize after fabrication to A123 or order galvanized pipe (A53 zinc 550 g/m² min); cut ends of galvanized pipe are touched up with zinc-rich paint. Bend cold to 6 × OD on sch 40. ### Where it is used - Fire-fighting mains, hydrant and sprinkler systems (with A795) - Plumbing, HVAC chilled-water and heating pipework - Compressed-air and low-pressure steam lines - Structural columns, sleeves, handrails and bollards - Mechanical and machinery pipe - Oil, gas and utility pipework where US specs apply ### A53 vs ERW (EN) pipe vs seamless Our standard ERW pipe to EN 10219 / 10255 is the same tube in European clothes and is often dual-marked — where the spec allows either, it is the cheaper route. Seamless pipe (A106 B / P235GH) takes over for high temperature and pressure; galvanized pipe to EN 10255 is the European counterpart of A53 galvanized. ### Price A53 Grade B is priced per ton on the ERW pipe list with a certification premium (about 40 USD/t) for the A53 mill test report and seam heat treatment; galvanized adds the zinc; Type S follows the seamless list. The bands below are indicative FOB Istanbul for black and galvanized sch 40 in the common sizes. - A53 Gr B Type E sch 40 · 1"–4" black: USD 830–1070 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - A53 Gr B Type E sch 40 · galvanized: USD 860–940 / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing A53 pipe ships in hexagonal bundles of 1–2 t strapped with edge protection, bevelled ends capped and threaded ends protected, galvanized pipe with separators, every bundle tagged with heat, size, schedule, type and grade and every pipe stencilled per A53 §19; 20 t per 20', 24 t per 40' HC in 6 m, 12 m on flat-rack from Derince. HS 7306.30 (welded), 7304.39 (seamless), 7306.30 / 7304.39 galvanized by finish. - Moq: 5 t per size; 20 t for a mill run - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Type E sch 40 ½"–8" black: 1–2 weeks; galvanized, sch 80, Type S, > 8": 3–6 weeks - Packing: Hexagonal bundles 1–2 t, strapped, end caps on bevelled pipe, thread protectors on T&C; galvanized with separators - Container: 20' ≈ 20 t; 40' HC ≈ 24 t of 6 m pipe; 12 m on flat-rack - Docs: Invoice, packing list, A53 mill test report (EN 10204 3.1), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / third-party inspection on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight above 100 t ### Certificates Each heat ships with the A53 mill test report — chemistry, tensile, flattening and bend results, hydrostatic test pressure, seam heat-treatment or NDE statement, zinc mass for galvanized — issued as EN 10204 3.1; third-party inspection (SGS, BV, TÜV), SASO / SONCAP and dual certification with A106 B / API 5L B are arranged at order. ### How to order Specify A53 Grade B, Type E or S, NPS × schedule, black or galvanized, ends (plain / bevelled / T&C NPT), length, quantity in tons or pieces, and any supplementary requirements (NDE, hydrotest witnessing, third-party inspection, dual certification with A106 / API 5L). ### FAQ **What is ASTM A53 pipe?** The US standard for general-purpose black and hot-dip galvanized carbon-steel pipe — welded (Type E) or seamless (Type S), Grades A and B — in NPS sizes and schedules for water, air, steam, gas, structural and mechanical use. **What is the difference between A53 and A106?** A106 is seamless only, silicon-killed and specified for high-temperature service; A53 covers welded and seamless general-purpose pipe. Seamless A53 Grade B is often dual-certified as A106 Grade B. **A53 Type E or Type S?** Type E (ERW) is the standard and cheaper product for water, air, fire-fighting and structure; Type S (seamless) is chosen for higher pressure, temperature or when the spec says seamless. **What is the weight of 4" sch 40 A53 pipe?** 16.07 kg/m (OD 114.3 mm, wall 6.02 mm); 4" sch 80 is 22.32 kg/m — see the table above. **Can A53 pipe be galvanized?** Yes — A53 covers hot-dip galvanized pipe with a minimum 550 g/m² zinc coating, usually supplied threaded and coupled for plumbing and fire systems. **Is A53 the same as EN 10255?** They are counterparts, not identical: same sizes largely, but A53 Grade B has higher yield (240 vs 195 MPa) and different testing. Turkish mills often dual-certify. ## Spiral Welded Steel Pipe URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/pipes/spiral-welded-pipe/ For diameters above 400 mm the economic pipe is spiral-welded: strip is formed helically and submerged-arc welded inside and out, giving any diameter from 406 to 2 540 mm in walls to 25 mm at 6–18 m lengths. Piling tubes for ports and bridges (ASTM A252, EN 10219), water transmission (EN 10224, API 5L), well casing, culverts, columns — coated or lined to the project spec, sourced from Turkey's SAWH mills and shipped breakbulk from Marmara ports with mill certificates. ### What is spiral welded pipe? SAWH (submerged-arc welded helical) pipe is made by feeding hot-rolled coil at an angle into a forming cage so the strip spirals into a cylinder; the seam is welded by submerged arc from inside and outside as the pipe advances, then cut to length, X-rayed or ultrasonically tested and hydro-tested. Because the diameter depends only on the strip width and entry angle, any size from 406 to 2 540 mm can be made from standard coil at short notice, and long lengths (up to 18 m) are natural. It is the standard pipe for piling, water transmission, culverts, casing and large structural members; longitudinally welded (LSAW) pipe is preferred only for high-pressure oil and gas lines above X60. ### Diameter, wall and weight table | OD (mm) | NPS | Wall 6 mm | Wall 8 mm | Wall 10 mm | Wall 12 mm | Wall 16 mm | Wall 20 mm | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 406.4 | 16" | 59.2 | 78.6 | 97.8 | 117 | 154 | 191 | | 508.0 | 20" | 74.3 | 98.6 | 123 | 147 | 194 | 241 | | 610.0 | 24" | 89.4 | 119 | 148 | 177 | 234 | 291 | | 711.0 | 28" | 104 | 139 | 173 | 207 | 274 | 341 | | 813.0 | 32" | 119 | 159 | 198 | 237 | 314 | 391 | | 914.0 | 36" | 134 | 179 | 223 | 267 | 354 | 441 | | 1 016 | 40" | 149 | 199 | 248 | 297 | 395 | 491 | | 1 220 | 48" | 180 | 239 | 298 | 357 | 475 | 592 | | 1 422 | 56" | 209 | 279 | 348 | 417 | 555 | 691 | | 1 626 | 64" | 240 | 319 | 399 | 478 | 635 | 792 | | 2 032 | 80" | — | 399 | 499 | 598 | 796 | 992 | | 2 540 | 100" | — | — | 624 | 748 | 996 | 1 243 | _Wall 5–25 mm depending on diameter (D/t ≥ 40 typical); lengths 6, 12, 18 m and cut lengths._ ### Standards and grades by application | Application | Standard | Grade | Test / coating | Ends | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Foundation piles (ports, bridges, buildings) | ASTM A252 Gr. 2/3, EN 10219 S355J2H, EN 10210 | S355J2H / Gr. 3 (310 MPa) | Weld UT, hydro optional; bare or epoxy | Plain / bevelled, shoe, splice connector | | Water transmission and irrigation | EN 10224, AWWA C200, API 5L Gr B | L235 / L275 / L355 (EN 10224) | Hydro, X-ray/UT; PE / epoxy outside, cement-mortar or epoxy inside | Bevelled, spigot-socket for welding | | Well casing, dewatering | API 5L Gr B, EN 10219 | S235JRH / Gr B | Hydro; bare | Plain, threaded couplings on request | | Culverts, drainage, conveyor tubes | EN 10219, AS/NZS 1163 | S235JRH | Weld UT; HDG or bitumen | Plain, bands | | Structural columns, sign gantries, wind-tower internals | EN 10219 / EN 10210 | S355J2H | UT, 3.1; blast + primer | Cut, end plates | | Oil & gas gathering lines | API 5L PSL2 | X42–X65 | Full NDT, hydro; 3LPE | Bevelled 30° | ### Coatings and linings External: fusion-bonded epoxy (250–500 µm, EN 10289 / AWWA C213), 3-layer polyethylene (EN 10288 / DIN 30670, 2.5–3.5 mm), polyurethane (EN 10290), coal-tar or bitumen wrap, or hot-dip galvanizing to 1 200 mm. Internal: cement-mortar lining (EN 10298 / AWWA C205) for water, liquid epoxy (EN 10339) for potable water, or bare. Cut-back at ends for field joints per project. Piling pipe is usually bare or shop-primed. ### Ends, connectors and accessories - Plain square-cut or bevelled 30° ends for welding - Pile shoes (conical, flat, rock points) and driving heads - Splice sleeves / weld-on connectors for piles - Spigot-and-socket (slip) joints for water pipe field welding - Flanged ends (EN 1092-1 / AWWA C207) on request - Bends, tees and reducers fabricated from the same pipe ### Testing and certification Weld seams inspected 100% by ultrasonic and/or X-ray, hydrostatic test to the standard (EN 10224: up to 1.3 × design pressure), tensile and bend tests per heat, dimensional and straightness reports; EN 10204 3.1 standard, 3.2 with third-party inspector (LR, BV, SGS, TÜV) for piling and water projects; API monogram for API 5L from licensed mills. ### Spiral pipe price per ton Priced per ton per project lot: as a guide bare S235JRH / Grade B spiral pipe sits 5–15% above the hot-rolled coil band on the HR coil page, S355J2H and API X-grades 5–12% more, coatings and linings per m² on top. Firm price per size list within two working days. - SAWH 400–2 500 mm: on request / MT FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export: breakbulk and flat-rack Pipe above 12" ships breakbulk from Derince, Gemlik or Ambarlı (lots from 100 t, pipes nested where diameters allow, chocked and lashed) or on 40' flat-racks (1–3 pipes to 12 m); small diameters (16"–24") in 40' open-top containers. Coated pipe travels on padded bearers with end caps. HS code 7305.19 / 7305.31 / 7305.39 (welded pipe > 406.4 mm) or 7306 for smaller. - Moq: 100 t breakbulk or 1 flat-rack (≈ 30 t) - Incoterms: FOB Derince / Gemlik · CIF / CFR Gulf, Red Sea, Africa · DAP Iraq (Habur), Balkans, Caucasus - Lead: 3–6 weeks per lot; coating +1–2 weeks - Packing: Nested / single, chocked and lashed on bearers; caps; padding for coated pipe - Container: Breakbulk any size · 40' flat-rack / open-top to 24" (≈ 25–30 t) · truck 24 t (≤ 13.6 m) - Docs: EN 10204 3.1/3.2, NDT / hydro / coating reports, API certificate, certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / COC / EAC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight via London office; project terms per contract ### Certificates EN 10204 3.1 / 3.2, NDT and hydro reports, coating reports (thickness, holiday test), API 5L certificate, certificate of origin; SASO, SONCAP, COC, EAC arranged. ### How to order Send OD × wall, standard and grade, length, quantity in tons or metres, ends and connectors, coating/lining, inspection level and port. Reply within two working days with price per ton and per metre, weights and the shipping plan. ### FAQ **What is spiral welded pipe used for?** Foundation piles for ports, bridges and buildings; water transmission and irrigation mains; well casing and dewatering; culverts and drainage; structural columns and gantries; low-pressure oil and gas gathering lines — anything above 400 mm diameter. **Is spiral pipe as strong as seamless or LSAW?** For piling, water and structural use yes — it is made to the same grades (S355J2H, API 5L Gr B–X65) with 100% weld NDT. High-pressure oil and gas trunk lines above X60 usually specify LSAW; seamless is limited to about 24". **What sizes are available?** 406 to 2 540 mm outside diameter, wall 5–25 mm, lengths 6, 12 and 18 m or cut to order; any intermediate diameter is possible because the size comes from the strip width and spiral angle. **What is ASTM A252?** The US standard for welded and seamless steel pipe piles: Grade 2 (241 MPa yield) and Grade 3 (310 MPa) — the usual spec for driven piles in Gulf and African port and bridge projects; EN 10219 S355J2H is the European equivalent. **Can the pipe be coated and lined?** Yes — epoxy, 3LPE, polyurethane or bitumen outside; cement-mortar or epoxy lining inside; galvanized to 1 200 mm; cut-backs for field joints per project. **How is large pipe shipped?** Breakbulk from Derince / Gemlik in lots from 100 t (pipes nested where possible), 40' flat-racks or open-tops up to 24" (25–30 t), trucks to 13.6 m for the Balkans, Iraq and the Caucasus. **How much does spiral pipe cost per ton?** About 5–15% above hot-rolled coil for bare S235JRH / Grade B, more for S355J2H, X-grades, coatings and linings. Firm price per project within two working days. ## Sandwich Panels URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/roofing/sandwich-panel/ 40–200 mm insulated metal panels with DX51D+Z galvanized, pre-painted skins. Manufactured in our Dilovası plant, roll-formed to your length up to 13.5 m and packed for 40' HC or truck. CE-marked to EN 14509; B-s1,d0 (PIR) or A2-s1,d0 (rockwool) fire class. ### What is a sandwich panel? A sandwich panel is a three-layer building element: two thin steel skins (0.40–0.70 mm, galvanized and pre-painted) bonded to an insulating core 40–200 mm thick. The core carries thermal resistance (U = 0.11–0.52 W/m²K depending on thickness) and the skins carry the load, so a 50 mm panel spans 3 m between purlins at 10 kg/m² — a fraction of the weight of a built-up roof. Panels are produced on a continuous line to any length up to 13.5 m and joined with a tongue-and-groove or overlap joint, which is why an insulated warehouse envelope goes up in days rather than weeks. We manufacture roof, wall and cold-room panels in Dilovası and ship them as complete kits with flashings, screws and sealant. ### Panel type pages Each panel type has its own page with U-values, span tables, joints and fixing details: by use — roof sandwich panels (5-rib), wall sandwich panels (flat, micro-rib, secret fix) and cold room panels (cam-lock, −40 °C); by core — PIR (the standard, B-s1,d0), PUR (economy), EPS (lowest cost) and rockwool (non-combustible, EI 30–120). ### Roof panels vs wall panels Roof panels have a trapezoidal outer skin (typically 40 mm rib, 250 mm pitch, 3 or 5 ribs) that sheds water and lets the panel span further; one edge carries an overlap rib for a watertight lap. Minimum roof pitch 5° (7° for lengths over 12 m). Wall panels have flat, micro-ribbed or lightly profiled skins on both sides with a hidden-fix or visible-fix tongue-and-groove joint. They are lighter per m² and available in more finishes. Roof panels can be used on walls; wall panels cannot be used on roofs because the flat skin cannot shed water across a lap. | | Roof panel | Wall panel | | --- | --- | --- | | Outer skin | Trapezoidal 40/250, 3–5 ribs | Flat, micro-rib or box profile | | Joint | Overlap rib + tongue & groove | Tongue & groove, hidden or visible fix | | Thickness range | 40–150 mm | 40–200 mm | | Typical span (50 mm PIR) | 3.0 m | 3.5 m | | Min. pitch | 5° | — | | Standard width | 1 000 mm cover | 1 000 / 1 150 mm cover | ### PIR vs PUR vs rockwool vs EPS core The core decides insulation, fire class and price. PIR gives the lowest U-value per millimetre and a B-s1,d0 class; rockwool is the only A2 (non-combustible) option and is required for fire walls and many insurers' warehouse specs; EPS is the budget choice for unheated buildings; PUR sits between PIR and EPS and is being replaced by PIR in most markets. | Core | λ (W/mK) | Density (kg/m³) | Fire class (EN 13501-1) | Max. service temp. | Typical use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | PIR | 0.022 | 40 | B-s1,d0 | +100 °C | Warehouses, cold stores, food plants | | PUR | 0.024 | 40 | B-s2,d0 / C | +80 °C | General industrial (legacy) | | Rockwool | 0.040 | 100–120 | A2-s1,d0 | +250 °C | Fire walls, public buildings, insurer-driven specs | | EPS | 0.037 | 15–20 | E / B-s2,d0 (FR grade) | +75 °C | Unheated sheds, site cabins, temporary buildings | ### Thickness, U-value and weight table A 50 mm PIR panel reaches U = 0.42 W/m²K; 100 mm reaches 0.21 W/m²K — the value most Gulf cold-store and EU warehouse specifications call for. The same 100 mm in rockwool gives 0.40 W/m²K but an A2 fire class. Weights are for 0.50 / 0.50 mm skins; add ~0.8 kg/m² per 0.10 mm of extra skin. | Thickness | Core | U-value W/m²K | Weight kg/m² | R-value m²K/W | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 40 mm | PIR | 0.52 | 9.8 | 1.9 | | 50 mm | PIR | 0.42 | 10.2 | 2.4 | | 60 mm | PIR | 0.35 | 10.6 | 2.9 | | 80 mm | PIR | 0.27 | 11.4 | 3.7 | | 100 mm | PIR | 0.21 | 12.2 | 4.7 | | 120 mm | PIR | 0.18 | 13.0 | 5.6 | | 150 mm | PIR | 0.14 | 14.1 | 7.0 | | 200 mm | PIR (cold room) | 0.11 | 16.0 | 9.3 | | 50 mm | Rockwool | 0.75 | 15.0 | 1.3 | | 80 mm | Rockwool | 0.48 | 18.3 | 2.1 | | 100 mm | Rockwool | 0.40 | 20.5 | 2.5 | | 150 mm | Rockwool | 0.26 | 26.0 | 3.8 | | 50 mm | EPS | 0.68 | 9.0 | 1.5 | | 100 mm | EPS | 0.35 | 9.8 | 2.9 | _U-values per EN 14509 Annex A.10 method, skins 0.50/0.50 mm. Project-specific values are stated on the CE declaration of performance._ ### Span and load table Allowable spans below are for uniformly distributed load and a two-span (continuous) layout with deflection limited to L/200. Single-span and three-span values, snow and wind cases are in the PDF load tables issued with the CE DoP. | Thickness | 0.75 kN/m² | 1.00 kN/m² | 1.50 kN/m² | 2.00 kN/m² | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 40 mm | 2.9 m | 2.5 m | 2.0 m | 1.7 m | | 50 mm | 3.4 m | 3.0 m | 2.4 m | 2.1 m | | 80 mm | 4.5 m | 4.0 m | 3.3 m | 2.8 m | | 100 mm | 5.1 m | 4.5 m | 3.7 m | 3.2 m | | 120 mm | 5.6 m | 5.0 m | 4.1 m | 3.6 m | | 150 mm | 6.2 m | 5.5 m | 4.6 m | 4.0 m | _Indicative; verify against the project load table before ordering purlins._ ### Skin steel and coatings Skins are hot-dip galvanized DX51D+Z (EN 10346) with Z140–Z275 zinc and a pre-painted finish to EN 10169. Standard is 25 µm polyester (PE) in RAL 9002, 9006, 9010, 3009, 5010, 6005 and 7016; for coastal and Gulf sites we recommend 35 µm PVDF or 200 µm plastisol on the outer skin. Inner skins for food plants can be supplied with a food-safe PET laminate; cold-room panels use 0.50 mm skins both sides with a white RAL 9010 or stucco-embossed finish. | Skin | Thickness | Zinc | Paint | Where | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Standard | 0.40 / 0.40 mm | Z140 | PE 25 µm | Inland, dry climates | | Heavy | 0.50 / 0.50 mm | Z200 | PE 25 µm | Default for export orders | | Coastal | 0.50 / 0.50 mm | Z275 | PVDF 35 µm outer | Gulf, West Africa, Mediterranean | | Food / cold room | 0.50 / 0.50 mm | Z200 | PE 25 µm + PET laminate inner | Processing plants, cold stores | | Aluzinc | 0.50 mm | AZ150 | PE 25 µm | High-humidity roofs | ### Sizes, dimensions and weight Cover width is 1 000 mm for roof panels and 1 000 or 1 150 mm for wall panels; length is cut to order from 2 m to 13.5 m (limited by container or truck length: 11.8 m fits a 40' HC, 13.5 m needs a flatbed). Thickness tolerance ±2 mm, length ±10 mm, cover width ±2 mm per EN 14509. A 12 m × 1 m × 50 mm PIR roof panel weighs about 122 kg. ### Fire rating (EN 13501-1) PIR panels with our standard formulation achieve B-s1,d0; rockwool panels A2-s1,d0 and, at 100 mm and above, fire resistance EI 60–EI 120 in wall applications. EPS panels are class E unless a flame-retardant grade is specified (B-s2,d0). Insurers such as FM Global and many Gulf civil-defence authorities require A2 or an approved PIR system for warehouses over a set floor area — we can supply the classification report and, for KSA/UAE, the civil-defence approval letter with the panel. ### Cold-room and clean-room panels Cold-room panels use 100–200 mm PIR with cam-lock joints and a double gasket so that the envelope holds −25 °C chambers without thermal bridging. Both skins are 0.50 mm with a white or stucco finish and the panel edges are sealed with PU foam. We supply them as a kit with corner profiles, PVC sanitary covings, cold-room doors (hinged and sliding) and floor panels. Clean-room panels (pharma, electronics) use the same joint with a flush outer face and a 60–100 mm rockwool or PIR core. | Chamber | Temperature | Thickness | U-value | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Chiller | 0 to +5 °C | 80–100 mm | 0.27–0.21 | | Freezer | −18 to −25 °C | 150–200 mm | 0.14–0.11 | | Blast freezer | −35 to −40 °C | 200 mm | 0.11 | | Ripening / process room | +10 to +18 °C | 60–80 mm | 0.35–0.27 | ### Joint detail and accessories Roof panels lap over one rib with a butyl sealant strip and are fixed through the crest with self-drilling screws with EPDM washers (4 per panel per purlin at eaves and ridge, 2–3 in the field). Wall panels are fixed through the joint (hidden) or through the face (visible). Every order ships with matching flashings — ridge, eaves, verge, corner and drip — in the same colour and skin, plus fasteners, sealant and closure fillers. Joint and flashing details are available as DWG and PDF for the design office. - Ridge cap, eaves flashing, verge flashing, corner profile, base drip - Self-drilling screws 5.5/6.3 mm with EPDM washer, stitching screws - Butyl tape, PU sealant, PE closure fillers - Skylight panels (polycarbonate, matching profile), gutters, downpipes ### Installation notes Purlin spacing follows the span table; roof panels are laid from eaves to ridge against the prevailing wind, wall panels from the base up. Panels are lifted with vacuum lifters or fabric slings — never with steel chains. Protective film is removed within 30 days of delivery; on site, packs are stored on a slope, covered and ventilated, off the ground. A crew of four installs 400–600 m² of roof per day. ### Sandwich panel price per m² — indicative bands and what sets them Indicative FOB Istanbul bands from our weekly export list, full-container quantities, 0.50/0.50 mm RAL 9002 skins; the low end is EPS or 0.40 mm skins, the high end PIR with 0.50 mm skins and 5-rib roof profile. Rockwool sits 15–25% above the PIR figure at the same thickness. The price of a sandwich panel per m² is built from four parts: the skin steel (two galvanized pre-painted coils — about 55–65% of the cost at 0.50/0.50 mm), the core (PIR costs more than EPS per mm but needs fewer mm for the same U-value; rockwool is the most expensive per m² at equal thickness), the thickness (each extra 10 mm of PIR adds roughly 4–6% to the panel price) and the finish (PVDF or plastisol outer skin, food-grade inner skin, special RAL). Freight then adds a fixed amount per m² that falls as thickness rises, because thin panels fill a container by weight and thick panels by volume. As a rule of thumb, a 100 mm PIR wall panel costs about 35–45% more per m² than a 50 mm roof panel of the same skins; a 100 mm rockwool panel sits 15–25% above 100 mm PIR; an EPS panel is 25–35% below PIR at the same thickness. We quote per project from our weekly export list: FOB Istanbul, CIF or DAP, in USD per m², with packing and lead time, within one working day. Send the area, thickness, core, colour and port on the form. | Factor | Effect on price per m² | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | Skin thickness 0.40 → 0.50 mm | +8–12% | Standard for export is 0.50/0.50 | | Core PIR → rockwool (same thickness) | +15–25% | A2 fire class, 60–80% heavier | | Core PIR → EPS (same thickness) | −25–35% | Class E unless FR grade | | Thickness +10 mm (PIR) | +4–6% | U-value improves ~10% | | PE 25 µm → PVDF 35 µm outer | +5–8% | Coastal and Gulf sites | | RAL 9002 / 9006 stock → special RAL | +3–6% and +7 days | Minimum coil quantity applies | | Sea freight Istanbul → Gulf | fixed USD per m², lower for thick panels | Quoted CIF per port | - Roof / wall 40 mm (EPS – PIR 0.50 skins): USD 8.5–17 / m² FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - Roof / wall 50 mm: USD 10–18 / m² FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - Wall 80 mm: USD 18–20.5 / m² FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - Wall / cold room 100 mm: USD 22.5–25 / m² FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing One 40' HC takes roughly 850–1 000 m² of 50 mm roof panel in 11.8 m lengths (about 9 packs); a 13.6 m truck takes 1 100–1 300 m². Panels are stacked on EPS or timber blocks, film-wrapped, strapped and corner-protected, 8–12 panels per pack depending on thickness; packs are labelled with length, thickness, colour and position on the roof plan. - Moq: 1 × 40' HC or 1 truck; mixed thicknesses and colours allowed - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul (Ambarlı / Gemlik) · CIF / CFR Gulf, Red Sea, West and East Africa · DAP by truck to EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau / Almaty / Tashkent via Baku ferry - Lead: 10–15 working days after colour and cutting-list confirmation; RAL 9002 / 9006 from stock - Packing: 8–12 panels per pack on EPS blocks, film + straps + corner protectors; max pack 11.8 m (40' HC) or 13.5 m (flatbed) - Container: 40' HC ≈ 850–1 000 m² (50 mm roof) · 13.6 m truck ≈ 1 100–1 300 m² - Docs: Commercial invoice, packing list per pack, EN 10204 3.1 for skin coil, CE DoP (EN 14509), certificate of origin; SASO / QCC / EAC / SONCAP on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; irrevocable L/C at sight accepted via our London office ### Certificates and documents CE declaration of performance to EN 14509; fire classification report to EN 13501-1; EN 10204 3.1 mill certificate for the skin coil; ISO 9001 plant certificate; certificate of origin (Chamber of Commerce); on request SASO (KSA), QCC / ESMA (UAE), EAC (Kazakhstan, Russia), SONCAP (Nigeria). ### Sandwich panel vs trapezoidal sheet with insulation A built-up roof (trapezoidal liner + spacer + mineral wool + trapezoidal outer sheet) costs less in material but needs two to three times the installation time, more purlins and a vapour barrier, and its U-value depends on site workmanship. A sandwich panel gives a guaranteed, factory-tested U-value and an airtight joint in one lift. For heated or cooled buildings the panel wins; for open sheds, agricultural buildings and canopies a trapezoidal sheet is the economical choice. ### How to order Send the roof and wall areas (or the drawings), the required thickness and core, the colour, the destination port and the Incoterm. We reply within one working day with a priced offer, the packing list per container, the gross weight and the lead time. On confirmation we issue a cutting list for approval before production starts. ### FAQ **What is the price of sandwich panels in the UAE?** Landed Jebel Ali in full-container quantity, an EN 14509 panel from Turkey typically comes in 10–25% below Dubai stockist prices for the same specification, because the container skips the local warehouse margin; sea freight Istanbul–Jebel Ali and 5% duty are included in a CIF quote. We reply with the current USD/m² for your thickness, core and colour within one working day. **What is a PU (PUR) sandwich panel?** A PUR panel uses a polyurethane foam core (λ 0.024 W/mK, class B-s2,d0 or C). It is the older formulation; PIR (polyisocyanurate) is a modified polyurethane with better fire behaviour (B-s1,d0) and a slightly lower λ (0.022). Most European and Gulf specifications now call for PIR, and we produce PUR only on request. **How strong is a sandwich panel?** A 50 mm PIR roof panel with 0.50 mm skins spans 3.0 m between purlins under 1.0 kN/m² (100 kg/m²) uniformly distributed load in a two-span layout; a 100 mm panel spans 4.5 m. Point loads (foot traffic) are carried by the ribs of the outer skin; use crawling boards during installation. **What sizes do sandwich panels come in?** Standard cover width is 1 000 mm (roof) and 1 000 or 1 150 mm (wall); thickness 40, 50, 60, 80, 100, 120, 150 and 200 mm; length cut to order from 2 m to 13.5 m. Lengths over 11.8 m do not fit a 40' HC container and ship by truck or flat-rack. **What is the U-value of a 100 mm sandwich panel?** 0.21 W/m²K with a PIR core, 0.40 W/m²K with rockwool and 0.35 W/m²K with EPS, calculated per EN 14509 with 0.50 mm skins. **Can you supply rockwool (A2, fire-rated) panels?** Yes. Rockwool panels with a 100–120 kg/m³ core are classified A2-s1,d0 and, from 100 mm, reach EI 60–EI 120 fire resistance in wall applications. They are 60–80% heavier than PIR, so container loading is lower (about 550–650 m² of 100 mm wall panel per 40' HC). **How many m² of sandwich panel fit in a 40' container?** About 850–1 000 m² of 50 mm PIR roof panel, 650–750 m² of 100 mm PIR, or 550–650 m² of 100 mm rockwool, in 11.8 m lengths. The exact figure depends on thickness, length and the pack height limit of 2.4 m. **What is the minimum order?** One 40' HC container or one full truck, which can mix thicknesses, colours and roof/wall panels. Smaller quantities can be groupaged with other products on the same truck to the EU, Balkans and Iraq. **Do you provide DWG joint details and a cutting list?** Yes. Joint, flashing and fixing details are issued as DWG and PDF with the offer, and a cutting list per panel position is prepared from your roof plan for approval before production. **Which certificates come with the panels?** CE declaration of performance to EN 14509, fire classification report to EN 13501-1, EN 10204 3.1 certificate for the skin coil, ISO 9001, certificate of origin, and on request SASO, QCC/ESMA, EAC or SONCAP conformity. ## Roof Sandwich Panels URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/roofing/roof-sandwich-panel/ One panel replaces sheet, insulation, liner and two passes of labour: the roof goes on in a day and is insulated when it is on. Our roof panel is the 5-rib PIR one that fills most of our containers to Iraq and the Gulf. ### What is Roof sandwich panel? A roof sandwich panel is a composite: two steel skins and a rigid insulating core act together, the outer skin taking compression, the inner tension and the core the shear, so that a 50 mm panel with 0.5 mm skins spans 3 m under snow that would collapse a bare sheet. The roof version differs from the wall panel in three details. The outer skin is a 5-rib trapezoidal profile (ribs about 40 mm high at 250 mm centres) — stiffer against snow and foot traffic, and a drainage channel that carries the water of a long slope at pitches down to 5 %. The side joint overlaps: one panel\'s edge rib lies over the next panel\'s core, with a factory-applied or site-applied butyl seal under the lap, so the joint sheds water instead of relying on a tongue-and-groove. And the fixing goes through the rib crest into the purlin with a long self-drilling screw and a saddle washer, every rib at the eaves and every second rib elsewhere. Cores: PIR (polyisocyanurate, λ ≈ 0.022 W/mK, B-s1,d0 or B-s2,d0) is the standard — best insulation per millimetre and self-extinguishing; PUR is the older, cheaper polyurethane with slightly worse fire behaviour; rockwool (λ ≈ 0.040, A2-s1,d0, 100–120 kg/m³) where the fire code demands a non-combustible roof. Thickness sets the U-value: 40 mm PIR ≈ 0.52 W/m²K for unheated sheds, 50 mm ≈ 0.42 the market standard, 80–100 mm (0.27–0.21) for heated halls and 120–150 mm for the EU energy codes. Skins are PPGI 0.50 outer / 0.40 inner as standard (0.60 for long spans and foot traffic), in RAL 9002 outside and 9002 or 9010 inside. Panels are cut to any length to 14 m so a whole slope is one piece, and we supply the ridge caps, eaves and verge flashings, foam closures, screws and butyl in the same colour batch. ### Grades, standards and tolerances | Grade / standard | Yield (MPa) | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | PIR core, 40 kg/m³, λ 0.022 | — | standard; B-s1,d0 / B-s2,d0 | | PUR core, 40 kg/m³, λ 0.024 | — | economy; B-s2,d0 / B-s3,d0 | | Rockwool core, 100–120 kg/m³, λ 0.040 | — | non-combustible A2-s1,d0 | | Skins DX51D / S250GD + Z100–Z275 + PPGI | ≈ 140 / 250 | EN 10346 / EN 10169 | _Panels CE-marked to EN 14509 with declared thermal, mechanical and fire performance; core density and λ per the declaration._ ### Thickness, U-value and span | Thickness | U-value (W/m²K) | Weight (kg/m²) | Purlin spacing at 0.75 kN/m² | at 1.0 kN/m² | at 1.5 kN/m² (snow) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 40 mm | 0.52 | 9.8 | 2.9 m | 2.5 m | 2.0 m | | 50 mm | 0.42 | 10.2 | 3.4 m | 3.0 m | 2.4 m | | 60 mm | 0.35 | 10.6 | 3.9 m | 3.4 m | 2.8 m | | 80 mm | 0.27 | 11.4 | 4.5 m | 4.0 m | 3.3 m | | 100 mm | 0.21 | 12.2 | 5.1 m | 4.5 m | 3.7 m | | 120 mm | 0.18 | 13.0 | 5.6 m | 5.0 m | 4.1 m | | 150 mm | 0.14 | 14.1 | 6.2 m | 5.5 m | 4.6 m | _Two-span continuous panels, L/200; rockwool panels span about 20 % less and weigh 15–26 kg/m². Wind uplift and fixing pull-out govern on exposed sites._ ### Roof panel details | Item | Value | | --- | --- | | Cover width | 1 000 mm (overall 1 050–1 080 mm with lap rib) | | Outer skin profile | 5 ribs ≈ 40 mm high at 250 mm centres | | Inner skin | micro-ribbed (or flat) 0.40 / 0.50 mm | | Side joint | overlap rib with butyl seal; optional anti-condensation tape | | End joint | 200–300 mm overlap with core cut back (end-lap kit) or continuous panel | | Min. roof slope | 5 % continuous panels; 7 % with end laps | | Length | 2–14 m (16 m by truck) | | Fixing | 5.5 × (core + 60 mm) self-drilling screw + 19 mm saddle washer through rib crest | | Max. purlin width for fixing | purlin flange ≥ 50 mm; distance from panel end ≥ 50 mm | _Skylight panels (polycarbonate, same profile) and ridge-ventilation pieces are supplied to match._ ### Skins, coatings and colours | Skin | Thickness | Zinc / paint | Where | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | PPGI PE 25 µm | 0.40 / 0.50 / 0.60 mm | Z100–Z140, RAL 9002 / 9010 / 3009 / 7016 … | outer and inner face standard | | PPGI SMP / PVDF | 0.50 / 0.60 mm | Z140–Z275 | coastal, Gulf, colour warranty | | Galvanized | 0.40 / 0.50 mm | Z140–Z275, unpainted | inner face on a budget | | Food-grade PE | 0.50 mm | Z140, RAL 9010 | food, cold-store interiors | | Aluzinc / aluminium | 0.50 / 0.60 mm | — | to order | _Outer skin profiled (micro-rib, lined or 5-rib roof); inner skin micro-ribbed or flat._ ### Lengths and stock PIR roof panels 40, 50 and 80 mm in 9002/9002 with 0.50/0.40 skins are produced continuously and shipped in 5–10 working days at any length to 14 m; 100–150 mm, rockwool cores, other colours and skylight panels in 2–3 weeks. Ridge caps, flashings, closures, end-lap kits, screws and butyl tape are made and packed with the panels. ### Fixing, sealing and installation Lay from the eaves upward and against the prevailing wind; fix through the rib crests with 5.5 mm self-drilling screws long enough for core + purlin (e.g. 5.5 × 115 for 50 mm on a steel purlin) with 19 mm EPDM saddle washers — every rib at eaves, ridge and end laps, every second rib elsewhere, minimum 50 mm from the panel end; press the side lap onto its butyl seal and stitch at 500 mm with 4.8 mm screws. End laps (if any) 200–300 mm with the core cut back and double butyl. Cut with a cold saw or fine-tooth circular saw; never a grinder. Lift with vacuum lifters or clamps; walk on the rib lines over purlins; keep the film on until fixed and remove within 3 months. ### Where it is used - Roofs of warehouses, factories and logistics halls - Commercial and retail buildings - Agricultural buildings and stables - Cold-store and food-plant roofs (with matching wall panels) - Prefab and modular buildings, camps - Re-roofing over existing purlins ### Roof panel vs wall panel vs built-up roof The wall sandwich panel has flat or micro-ribbed faces and a tongue-and-groove joint — not for roofs. A built-up roof (T38 sheet + insulation + T27 liner) costs about the same in material, more in labour, and allows thicker insulation; the panel wins on speed. Core choice: PIR, PUR, rockwool — each has its page. The sandwich panel overview covers the whole range. ### Price Roof panels are priced per m² by thickness, core and skins on the panel list; PIR 50 mm with 0.50/0.40 skins is the reference, rockwool about 20–30 % more, and every 10 mm of PIR adds a few percent. The bands below are the month\'s indicative FOB Istanbul ranges for 50 and 100 mm PIR; accessories per metre and per hundred. - Roof panel PIR 50 mm: USD 10.5–18.5 / m² FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - Roof panel PIR 100 mm: USD 23–25.5 / m² FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Roof panels are stacked 8–12 per pack (rib-to-rib with foam spacers), PE film on both skins, strapped on timber bearers with edge protection and PE-wrapped, each pack labelled with type, core, thickness, colours, length and count. Volume fills the container before weight: a 40' HC takes about 400–550 m² of 50 mm roof panels, less for thicker; 12–14 m panels go on flat-racks or by covered truck to Iraq, the Balkans and the Caucasus. Accessories are packed by colour in the same load. HS 7308.90 / 9406. - Moq: 300 m² per type and thickness - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock thicknesses and colours: 5–10 working days; special cores, colours and lengths 2–3 weeks - Packing: Panels stacked 8–15 per pack with foam separators, PE film on both faces, strapped on timber bearers, PE-wrapped - Container: 40' HC ≈ 400–550 m² of 50 mm panels (volume-limited); 12 m panels on flat-rack or by truck to Iraq / Caucasus - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (skins), CE DoP (EN 14509), fire classification report, certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight above 100 t ### Certificates Panels ship with the CE declaration of performance under EN 14509 (thermal transmittance, load-span, fire class, core density), the skin coil EN 10204 3.1 certificates, the EN 13501-1 fire classification report for the core and the project span calculation on request. ### How to order Specify core (PIR / PUR / rockwool), thickness, outer and inner skin gauge and RAL colours, panel lengths and quantities (or the roof plan and purlin spacing for a cutting list and span check), slope, accessories (ridge, flashings, closures, end-lap kits, screws, skylights) and destination. ### FAQ **What is a roof sandwich panel?** An insulated roof panel: a 5-rib trapezoidal outer steel skin, a PIR / PUR / rockwool core 40–150 mm and an inner skin bonded into one element that spans purlins at 2–4 m, overlaps at the side joint and is fixed through the ribs. **What thickness of roof panel do I need?** 40 mm for unheated sheds, 50 mm (U ≈ 0.42) as the standard for workshops and warehouses, 80–100 mm for heated halls and cold-store roofs, 120–150 mm for EU energy codes. **What purlin spacing for a 50 mm roof panel?** About 3.0 m at 1.0 kN/m² and 2.4 m at 1.5 kN/m² snow load with 0.50/0.40 skins — see the span table. **What is the minimum roof slope?** 5 % with continuous full-length panels, 7 % where end laps are needed. **Can I use a wall panel on a roof?** No — wall panels have flat faces and tongue-and-groove joints that do not shed water or span like the 5-rib roof profile. **What is the price of roof sandwich panel?** Per m² FOB Istanbul by thickness and core — see the bands above for 50 and 100 mm PIR. ## Wall Sandwich Panels URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/roofing/wall-sandwich-panel/ A wall panel is the building's face and its insulation in one 40–150 mm slab — flat enough for an office, tough enough for a warehouse, hygienic enough for a dairy. It is the second-largest volume our panel line makes after the roof panel, and the one architects ask about first. ### What is Wall sandwich panel? A wall sandwich panel carries no water and can therefore be flat: its skins are lightly profiled — micro-ribbed (1 mm waves at 20–50 mm), lined (shallow grooves at 100–200 mm) or plain flat with a stucco-embossed surface — for stiffness and appearance rather than drainage, and its long edges are formed into a tongue and a groove that lock the panels together, house a factory-applied PE or PU gasket, and, on the secret-fix (hidden-fix) version, hide the screw inside the joint so the façade shows no fasteners. The panel mounts horizontally on columns or vertically on girts, spanning 3–6 m depending on thickness and wind load, with the core taking the shear and the joint transferring load between panels; a 60 mm PIR wall panel spans 4 m at 0.6 kN/m² wind. Cores are the same three as the roof — PIR (λ 0.022, B-s1,d0) as standard, PUR for economy, rockwool (A2-s1,d0, 100–120 kg/m³) where fire compartmentation or the insurer requires it; thickness runs from 40 mm on unheated sheds through 50–60 mm (the market standard) to 80–100 mm for heated buildings and cold stores and 120–150 mm for the energy codes and freezer rooms. Skins are PPGI 0.50 outer / 0.40 inner (0.60 / 0.50 on secret-fix and long spans) in RAL 9002 as standard, 7016 and 9006 for architecture, 9010 food-grade inside for food plants; the same panel with a flat inner face and PVC-sealed joints becomes a cold-store or clean-room wall. Flashings — base channel, corners, window and door frames, parapet — are folded from the same coil, and we supply the fixing screws, gaskets and sealants in the kit. Standard cover 1 000 mm; 1 150 mm on request; lengths 2–14 m. ### Grades, standards and tolerances | Grade / standard | Yield (MPa) | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | PIR core, 40 kg/m³, λ 0.022 | — | standard; B-s1,d0 | | PUR core, 40 kg/m³, λ 0.024 | — | economy; B-s2,d0 / B-s3,d0 | | Rockwool core, 100–120 kg/m³, λ 0.040 | — | A2-s1,d0, fire walls, EI 30–120 | | Skins DX51D / S250GD + Z100–Z275 + PPGI | ≈ 140 / 250 | EN 10346 / EN 10169 | _CE-marked to EN 14509; rockwool wall panels carry an EI fire-resistance classification per EN 13501-2 on request._ ### Thickness, U-value and span | Thickness | U-value (W/m²K) | Weight (kg/m²) | Girt spacing at 0.5 kN/m² wind | at 0.8 kN/m² | at 1.2 kN/m² | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 40 mm | 0.52 | 9.6 | 3.4 m | 2.8 m | 2.3 m | | 50 mm | 0.42 | 10.0 | 3.9 m | 3.2 m | 2.6 m | | 60 mm | 0.35 | 10.4 | 4.3 m | 3.6 m | 2.9 m | | 80 mm | 0.27 | 11.2 | 5.0 m | 4.2 m | 3.4 m | | 100 mm | 0.21 | 12.0 | 5.6 m | 4.7 m | 3.8 m | | 120 mm | 0.18 | 12.8 | 6.1 m | 5.1 m | 4.2 m | | 150 mm | 0.14 | 13.9 | 6.7 m | 5.6 m | 4.6 m | _Single-span, L/100, horizontal or vertical; rockwool panels span about 15 % less and weigh 15–26 kg/m². Secret-fix panels use 0.60 mm outer skins for the same spans._ ### Faces, joints and fixing systems | Option | Description | Use | | --- | --- | --- | | Micro-rib face | 1 mm waves at 20–50 mm on both skins | the standard industrial face; hides oil-canning | | Lined face | shallow grooves at 100–200 mm | architectural, horizontal lines | | Flat (stucco-embossed) face | plain skin, embossed | cold stores, clean rooms, offices | | Visible fix | screw through the panel face into the girt, capped | industrial, cheapest, fastest | | Secret (hidden) fix | screw inside the tongue-and-groove joint | architectural façades, no visible fasteners | | Tongue-and-groove with PE gasket | factory-applied seal in the joint | standard airtightness | | PVC / PU-sealed joint | PU foam or PVC profile in the joint | cold stores, hygienic rooms | | Horizontal / vertical laying | on columns / on girts | per design; horizontal hides girts | _Corner, base, parapet and window flashings folded from the same coil in the same colour batch._ ### Skins, coatings and colours | Skin | Thickness | Zinc / paint | Where | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | PPGI PE 25 µm | 0.40 / 0.50 / 0.60 mm | Z100–Z140, RAL 9002 / 9010 / 3009 / 7016 … | outer and inner face standard | | PPGI SMP / PVDF | 0.50 / 0.60 mm | Z140–Z275 | coastal, Gulf, colour warranty | | Galvanized | 0.40 / 0.50 mm | Z140–Z275, unpainted | inner face on a budget | | Food-grade PE | 0.50 mm | Z140, RAL 9010 | food, cold-store interiors | | Aluzinc / aluminium | 0.50 / 0.60 mm | — | to order | _Outer skin profiled (micro-rib, lined or 5-rib roof); inner skin micro-ribbed or flat._ ### Lengths and stock PIR wall panels 50, 60 and 80 mm micro-rib 9002/9002 with 0.50/0.40 skins are produced continuously (5–10 working days, any length to 14 m); 40, 100–150 mm, secret-fix, rockwool, flat-face and other colours in 2–3 weeks. Corner, base, parapet and window flashings, screws, gaskets and sealant ship with the panels. ### Fixing, joints and installation Start from a level base channel with a PU seal; place panels tongue into groove and press home, apply the joint sealant where the design requires airtightness; fix with 5.5 mm self-drilling screws long enough for panel + girt (two per panel per support for visible fix, one in the joint for secret fix, with 16–19 mm washers), minimum 50 mm from the panel end. Horizontal panels are fixed at every column; vertical panels at every girt (3–6 m). Cut with a fine-tooth circular saw or cold saw; openings are cut on the ground and framed with folded flashings. Lift with vacuum lifters; keep the film on until the flashings are fitted, remove within 3 months. ### Where it is used - External walls of warehouses, factories and logistics halls - Commercial, retail and office buildings (architectural faces) - Cold-store, freezer and food-plant walls and partitions - Clean rooms, laboratories and hospitals (flat face) - Fire compartment walls (rockwool, EI 30–120) - Prefab housing, site offices and modular buildings ### Wall panel vs roof panel vs cladding sheet The roof sandwich panel has a 5-rib skin and an overlap joint for water; the wall panel is flat with a tongue-and-groove and can be secret-fixed. Against a built-up wall (T27 sheet + insulation + liner) the panel is faster and airtight. Cores: PIR, PUR, rockwool; cold-store walls on the cold room panel page. ### Price Wall panels are priced per m² by thickness, core, face and fixing system on the panel list; visible-fix micro-rib PIR 50 mm is the reference, secret-fix adds about 10 %, rockwool 20–30 %. The bands below are the month\'s indicative FOB Istanbul ranges for 50 and 80 mm PIR; flashings per metre. - Wall panel PIR 50 mm: USD 10–18 / m² FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - Wall panel PIR 80 mm: USD 18–20.5 / m² FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Wall panels are stacked 10–15 per pack face-to-face with foam separators and PE film on both skins, strapped on timber bearers with edge protection and PE-wrapped, labelled with type, core, thickness, face, colours, length and count; a 40' HC takes about 450–600 m² of 50 mm wall panels, thicker panels less; 12–14 m panels on flat-racks or by covered truck. Flashings and fixing kits in the same load. HS 7308.90 / 9406. - Moq: 300 m² per type and thickness - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock thicknesses and colours: 5–10 working days; special cores, colours and lengths 2–3 weeks - Packing: Panels stacked 8–15 per pack with foam separators, PE film on both faces, strapped on timber bearers, PE-wrapped - Container: 40' HC ≈ 400–550 m² of 50 mm panels (volume-limited); 12 m panels on flat-rack or by truck to Iraq / Caucasus - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (skins), CE DoP (EN 14509), fire classification report, certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight above 100 t ### Certificates Panels ship with the CE declaration of performance under EN 14509, the skin coil EN 10204 3.1 certificates, the EN 13501-1 reaction-to-fire report and — for rockwool fire walls — the EN 13501-2 EI classification; joint airtightness and acoustic (Rw) data on request. ### How to order Specify core, thickness, face (micro-rib / lined / flat), fixing (visible / secret), outer and inner skins and colours, laying direction, panel lengths and quantities (or elevations for a cutting list), flashings, openings and destination. ### FAQ **What is a wall sandwich panel?** An insulated cladding panel: two flat, micro-ribbed or lined steel skins around a PIR / PUR / rockwool core 40–150 mm, with a tongue-and-groove joint, mounted on girts or columns at 3–6 m, visible- or secret-fixed. **What is the difference between wall and roof panels?** Roof panels have a 5-rib outer skin and an overlapping joint to carry water; wall panels are flat with a tongue-and-groove joint and can hide the fixing. They are not interchangeable. **What is secret-fix (hidden-fix) panel?** A wall panel whose screw sits inside the tongue-and-groove joint so no fastener shows on the façade; it uses a 0.60 mm outer skin and costs about 10 % more. **What thickness of wall panel?** 40–50 mm for unheated sheds, 50–60 mm as the standard, 80–100 mm for heated buildings and cold stores, 120–150 mm for energy codes and freezers. **Can wall panels be used as fire walls?** Rockwool-core wall panels achieve EI 30–120 fire resistance and A2-s1,d0 reaction to fire; PIR panels are B-s1,d0 and not fire-resisting. **What is the price of wall sandwich panel?** Per m² FOB Istanbul by thickness, core and fixing — see the bands above. ## PIR Sandwich Panels URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/roofing/pir-sandwich-panel/ PIR is why a 50 mm panel insulates like 90 mm of rockwool and why a warehouse insurer signs off on a foam-core roof. It is the core we make most, and unless the fire code says non-combustible it is the one to specify. ### What is PIR sandwich panel? PIR — polyisocyanurate — is a rigid foam made, like polyurethane, from a polyol and an isocyanate, but with the isocyanate in excess so that the polymer forms isocyanurate ring structures: more cross-linked, more thermally stable and, in a fire, forming a protective char instead of burning through. The foam is blown with pentane (no HFCs), has a closed-cell density of 38–42 kg/m³ and a thermal conductivity of 0.022 W/mK aged — against 0.024–0.026 for PUR, 0.036 for EPS and 0.040 for rockwool — so a PIR panel reaches a given U-value at 40 % less thickness than mineral wool. In a sandwich panel the foam is injected between the skins on a continuous line and expands to fill and bond, giving a stiff, light element (a 50 mm panel weighs 10 kg/m²) that spans purlins at 3 m and girts at 4 m. The fire performance is what separates PIR from the older PUR: tested to EN 13501-1, our PIR panels are classed B-s1,d0 or B-s2,d0 (limited contribution to fire, little smoke, no flaming droplets) and are accepted by FM Global-influenced and most European insurers for roofs and walls where rockwool is not mandatory; the char layer slows fire spread and the panel keeps its shape, but PIR is still organic and combustible — where a non-combustible A2 core or an EI fire-resistance rating is required, the rockwool panel applies. PIR is dimensionally stable from −40 to +120 °C, does not absorb water, does not rot, and is the core of freezer and cold-store panels down to −40 °C. We produce PIR roof panels (5-rib), wall panels (micro-rib, lined, flat, secret-fix) and cold-room panels in 40–200 mm, 1 000 mm cover, lengths to 14 m, with PPGI skins in RAL 9002, 9010, 7016 and the other stock colours. ### Grades, standards and tolerances | Grade / standard | Yield (MPa) | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | PIR core, 38–42 kg/m³, pentane-blown | λ 0.022 W/mK | B-s1,d0 / B-s2,d0 to EN 13501-1; EN 13165 | | Compressive strength | ≥ 0.10 N/mm² | at 10 % deformation | | Service temperature | −40 to +120 °C | dimensionally stable | | Water absorption | < 2 % vol. | closed cell | | Skins DX51D / S250GD + Z100–Z275 + PPGI | ≈ 140 / 250 | EN 10346 / EN 10169 | _Declared values per EN 14509 CE marking; aged λ per EN 13165 Annex C._ ### PIR vs PUR vs rockwool vs EPS | Core | λ (W/mK) | Thickness for U = 0.25 | Density (kg/m³) | Fire (EN 13501-1) | Max. temp. | Price index | Choose for | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | PIR | 0.022 | 85 mm | 40 | B-s1,d0 / B-s2,d0 | 120 °C | 100 | the standard; best insulation, insurer-accepted | | PUR | 0.024–0.026 | 95 mm | 40 | B-s2,d0 / B-s3,d0 | 100 °C | 95 | economy where fire class is not specified | | Rockwool | 0.040 | 150 mm | 100–120 | A2-s1,d0 | 250 °C+ | 125 | non-combustible, EI fire walls, acoustic | | EPS | 0.036 | 140 mm | 15–20 | B-s2,d0 / E | 75 °C | 80 | cheapest; partitions, mild climates | _Price index for 50 mm wall panel with identical skins. Thickness for U = 0.25 W/m²K includes skins._ ### PIR panel thickness and U-value | Thickness | U-value (W/m²K) | R-value (m²K/W) | Weight (kg/m²) | Typical use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 40 mm | 0.52 | 1.9 | 9.8 | unheated sheds, canopies | | 50 mm | 0.42 | 2.4 | 10.2 | standard roofs and walls | | 60 mm | 0.35 | 2.9 | 10.6 | workshops, light heating | | 80 mm | 0.27 | 3.7 | 11.4 | heated halls, offices | | 100 mm | 0.21 | 4.7 | 12.2 | chillers 0 to +5 °C, energy codes | | 120 mm | 0.18 | 5.6 | 13.0 | cold stores −5 to 0 °C | | 150 mm | 0.14 | 7.0 | 14.1 | freezers −20 °C, EU codes | | 200 mm | 0.11 | 9.3 | 16.0 | deep freeze −40 °C | ### Skins, coatings and colours | Skin | Thickness | Zinc / paint | Where | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | PPGI PE 25 µm | 0.40 / 0.50 / 0.60 mm | Z100–Z140, RAL 9002 / 9010 / 3009 / 7016 … | outer and inner face standard | | PPGI SMP / PVDF | 0.50 / 0.60 mm | Z140–Z275 | coastal, Gulf, colour warranty | | Galvanized | 0.40 / 0.50 mm | Z140–Z275, unpainted | inner face on a budget | | Food-grade PE | 0.50 mm | Z140, RAL 9010 | food, cold-store interiors | | Aluzinc / aluminium | 0.50 / 0.60 mm | — | to order | _Outer skin profiled (micro-rib, lined or 5-rib roof); inner skin micro-ribbed or flat._ ### Lengths and stock PIR roof and wall panels in 50, 60 and 80 mm, 9002/9002, 0.50/0.40 skins are produced continuously and ship in 5–10 working days at any length to 14 m; 40, 100–200 mm, secret-fix, flat-face cold-room panels and other colours in 2–3 weeks. Flashings, fixings and sealants are supplied with every order. ### Cutting, fixing and handling PIR panels are cut with a fine-tooth circular saw or cold saw (no grinder — hot swarf and burnt foam); fix as roof or wall panel with self-drilling screws through the skin and core into the purlin or girt, minimum 50 mm from the panel end; openings cut on the ground; edges of cut cores sealed with PU foam and flashings. Panels are light (10–16 kg/m²) and rigid — lift with vacuum lifters or clamps, never by the joint edge; store flat, sloped and covered; remove the film within 3 months. ### Where it is used - Industrial and logistics roofs and walls - Cold stores, chillers and freezers (100–200 mm) - Food, pharma and clean-room buildings - Commercial and retail buildings - Prefab housing, camps and modular units - Agricultural buildings, poultry and dairy houses ### PIR vs PUR vs rockwool PUR is 5 % cheaper and a little less insulating and less fire-safe — fine where no fire class is specified; rockwool is non-combustible, heavier and 25 % dearer — required for fire walls and by some codes; EPS is the budget core for partitions. PIR is the default for roofs, walls and cold rooms. The sandwich panel overview compares the range. ### Price PIR panels are priced per m² by thickness and panel type on the panel list — the reference core, about 5 % above PUR and 20 % below rockwool — following the PPGI and isocyanate prices; the bands below are the month\'s indicative FOB Istanbul ranges for 50 and 100 mm. - PIR panel 50 mm (roof / wall): USD 10.3–18.3 / m² FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - PIR panel 100 mm: USD 22.8–25.3 / m² FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing PIR panels are stacked 8–15 per pack with foam separators and PE film on both skins, strapped on timber bearers with edge protection and PE-wrapped; volume limits the load — a 40' HC takes about 400–600 m² of 50 mm panels, 250–300 m² of 100 mm — and 12–14 m panels go on flat-racks or by covered truck. Packs are labelled with type, thickness, colours, length and count. HS 7308.90 / 9406. - Moq: 300 m² per type and thickness - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock thicknesses and colours: 5–10 working days; special cores, colours and lengths 2–3 weeks - Packing: Panels stacked 8–15 per pack with foam separators, PE film on both faces, strapped on timber bearers, PE-wrapped - Container: 40' HC ≈ 400–550 m² of 50 mm panels (volume-limited); 12 m panels on flat-rack or by truck to Iraq / Caucasus - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (skins), CE DoP (EN 14509), fire classification report, certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight above 100 t ### Certificates Every order ships with the CE declaration of performance under EN 14509, the EN 13501-1 fire classification report (B-s1,d0 / B-s2,d0), the core data sheet (density, λ, compressive strength to EN 13165) and the skin coil EN 10204 3.1 certificates; insurer data sheets (FM-style) on request. ### How to order Specify panel type (roof / wall / cold room), thickness, skins and colours, fixing system, lengths and quantities, fire class required (B-s1,d0 standard), and destination; we return the CE data sheet and a quotation within a working day. ### FAQ **What is a PIR sandwich panel?** A roof, wall or cold-room panel with a polyisocyanurate foam core — λ 0.022 W/mK, 40 kg/m³, fire class B-s1,d0 — between steel skins; the best-insulating and most insurer-accepted foam-core panel. **What is the difference between PIR and PUR panels?** PIR is a more cross-linked polyurethane chemistry: 10 % better insulation, stable to 120 °C and it chars instead of burning, giving B-s1,d0 instead of B-s2/s3. PUR is about 5 % cheaper. **Is PIR fireproof?** No — it is combustible but of limited contribution (B-s1,d0): it chars and self-extinguishes. For non-combustible A2 or EI-rated walls use rockwool panels. **What thickness of PIR panel for a cold store?** 100 mm for chillers around 0 °C, 120–150 mm for cold stores and freezers to −20 °C, 200 mm for −40 °C. **What U-value does a 50 mm PIR panel have?** About 0.42 W/m²K (R = 2.4); 80 mm gives 0.27, 100 mm 0.21. **What is the price of PIR panels?** Per m² FOB Istanbul by thickness — see the bands above for 50 and 100 mm. ## PUR Sandwich Panels URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/roofing/pur-sandwich-panel/ PUR is the panel that built the first generation of warehouses and camps, and in much of our export market it is still what "sandwich panel" means. Where the specification is silent on fire class and the budget is tight, it is the honest choice. ### What is PUR sandwich panel? Polyurethane (PUR) foam is made by reacting a polyol with an isocyanate in roughly equal proportion in the presence of a pentane blowing agent; injected between two steel skins on a continuous line it expands, bonds to both faces and cures within minutes into a closed-cell foam of about 40 kg/m³ with a thermal conductivity of 0.024–0.026 W/mK — second only to PIR among panel cores and far ahead of mineral wool and EPS. The result is the light, stiff, cheap composite that made the insulated metal panel possible: a 50 mm PUR roof panel weighs 10 kg/m², spans 3 m and gives U ≈ 0.45 W/m²K. Its limits are thermal and fire-related: PUR softens above about 100 °C and, once ignited, burns with more smoke than PIR — tested to EN 13501-1 it typically classes B-s2,d0 to B-s3,d0, which many European insurers and the codes for larger buildings no longer accept, and which is why PIR has replaced it in most of the EU. In the markets we serve — Iraq, the Gulf, Africa, Central Asia — PUR remains the standard for sheds, warehouses, camps, agricultural and prefab buildings where no fire class is written into the specification, at about 5 % below PIR and 25 % below rockwool. It performs identically to PIR in water resistance, dimensional stability (−30 to +90 °C) and durability. We produce PUR roof (5-rib) and wall (micro-rib, lined) panels in 40–120 mm, 1 000 mm cover, lengths to 14 m, with 0.40–0.50 mm PPGI skins; on request the same line runs PIR for the parts of a project that need the better fire class. ### Grades, standards and tolerances | Grade / standard | Yield (MPa) | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | PUR core, 38–42 kg/m³, pentane-blown | λ 0.024–0.026 W/mK | B-s2,d0 / B-s3,d0 to EN 13501-1; EN 13165 | | Compressive strength | ≥ 0.10 N/mm² | at 10 % deformation | | Service temperature | −30 to +90 °C | | | Water absorption | < 3 % vol. | closed cell | | Skins DX51D + Z100–Z140 + PPGI | ≈ 140 | EN 10346 / EN 10169 | _Declared values per EN 14509 CE marking. For B-s1,d0 or insurer requirements specify PIR._ ### PUR panel thickness and U-value | Thickness | U-value (W/m²K) | Weight (kg/m²) | Purlin / girt spacing (0.75 kN/m²) | Typical use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 40 mm | 0.56 | 9.8 | 2.8 m | sheds, camps, canopies | | 50 mm | 0.46 | 10.2 | 3.3 m | warehouses, workshops | | 60 mm | 0.38 | 10.6 | 3.7 m | light heating | | 80 mm | 0.29 | 11.4 | 4.3 m | heated halls | | 100 mm | 0.23 | 12.2 | 4.9 m | offices, chillers | | 120 mm | 0.20 | 13.0 | 5.4 m | cold stores (PIR preferred) | _PUR runs about 10 % behind PIR in U-value at equal thickness; spans are the same._ ### When PUR is enough — and when to move to PIR or rockwool | Building / requirement | PUR | PIR | Rockwool | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Shed, canopy, camp unit, no fire spec | yes — cheapest | yes | over-specified | | Warehouse < 2 000 m², no insurer requirement | yes | preferred | — | | Warehouse with insurer / FM-style requirement | no | yes (B-s1,d0) | yes | | Building requiring non-combustible envelope (A2) | no | no | yes | | Fire compartment wall EI 30–120 | no | no | yes | | Cold store / freezer | possible | yes — better λ | no (moisture) | | Food / pharma interiors | possible | yes | yes (hygienic skins) | | Acoustic requirement (Rw > 30 dB) | no | no | yes | _Mixed projects often use PUR on the roof and PIR or rockwool on the walls that face neighbours._ ### Skins, coatings and colours | Skin | Thickness | Zinc / paint | Where | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | PPGI PE 25 µm | 0.40 / 0.50 / 0.60 mm | Z100–Z140, RAL 9002 / 9010 / 3009 / 7016 … | outer and inner face standard | | PPGI SMP / PVDF | 0.50 / 0.60 mm | Z140–Z275 | coastal, Gulf, colour warranty | | Galvanized | 0.40 / 0.50 mm | Z140–Z275, unpainted | inner face on a budget | | Food-grade PE | 0.50 mm | Z140, RAL 9010 | food, cold-store interiors | | Aluzinc / aluminium | 0.50 / 0.60 mm | — | to order | _Outer skin profiled (micro-rib, lined or 5-rib roof); inner skin micro-ribbed or flat._ ### Lengths and stock PUR roof and wall panels 40 and 50 mm in 9002/9002 with 0.40/0.40 or 0.50/0.40 skins are made to order in 5–10 working days at any length to 14 m; 60–120 mm and other colours in 2–3 weeks. Flashings, fixings and sealants ship with the panels. ### Cutting, fixing and handling Handle and fix as for PIR panels: fine-tooth saw, self-drilling screws through skin and core into the purlin or girt, 50 mm from panel ends, openings cut on the ground and flashed, cut cores sealed with PU foam. PUR is slightly softer than PIR — use saddle washers on roof fixings and do not over-tighten. Store flat and covered; keep the film on until fixed. ### Where it is used - Sheds, warehouses and workshops without a fire specification - Camps, site offices and prefab housing - Agricultural buildings, poultry houses and stores - Markets, canopies and covered yards - Budget re-roofing and re-cladding - Modular buildings for export projects ### PUR vs PIR vs EPS PIR costs 5 % more, insulates 10 % better and is the only foam most insurers accept; EPS is 15–20 % cheaper than PUR but needs 50 % more thickness for the same U-value. PUR sits between: the economy core for buildings where the specification is silent on fire class. For non-combustible requirements, rockwool. The overview compares all cores. ### Price PUR panels are priced per m² about 5 % below PIR on the panel list, following PPGI and polyol / isocyanate prices; the bands below are the month\'s indicative FOB Istanbul ranges for 40 and 50 mm. - PUR panel 40 mm (roof / wall): USD 8.5–17 / m² FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - PUR panel 50 mm: USD 9.5–17.5 / m² FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing PUR panels travel like PIR: packs of 8–15 with foam separators and PE film, strapped on timber bearers and PE-wrapped, labelled with type, thickness, colours, length and count; about 400–600 m² of 50 mm panels per 40' HC, long panels on flat-racks or by covered truck to Iraq and the Caucasus. HS 7308.90 / 9406. - Moq: 300 m² per type and thickness - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock thicknesses and colours: 5–10 working days; special cores, colours and lengths 2–3 weeks - Packing: Panels stacked 8–15 per pack with foam separators, PE film on both faces, strapped on timber bearers, PE-wrapped - Container: 40' HC ≈ 400–550 m² of 50 mm panels (volume-limited); 12 m panels on flat-rack or by truck to Iraq / Caucasus - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (skins), CE DoP (EN 14509), fire classification report, certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight above 100 t ### Certificates Orders ship with the CE declaration of performance under EN 14509, the core data sheet (density, λ to EN 13165), the EN 13501-1 reaction-to-fire report and the skin coil EN 10204 3.1 certificates. ### How to order Specify roof or wall panel, thickness, skins and colours, lengths and quantities, and confirm that no fire class is required (otherwise we quote PIR or rockwool); flashings, screws and destination as usual. ### FAQ **What is a PUR sandwich panel?** A roof or wall panel with a polyurethane foam core (λ 0.024 W/mK, 40 kg/m³) between steel skins — the classic, economical foam-core panel for sheds, camps and buildings without a fire-class requirement. **PUR or PIR — which should I buy?** PIR if any fire class, insurer requirement or cold-store use applies (5 % more); PUR for sheds, camps and buildings where the specification is silent and the budget matters. **What fire class does a PUR panel have?** Typically B-s2,d0 to B-s3,d0 to EN 13501-1 — combustible with more smoke than PIR; not accepted where B-s1,d0 or A2 is required. **What U-value does a 50 mm PUR panel have?** About 0.46 W/m²K (PIR: 0.42); 80 mm gives 0.29, 100 mm 0.23. **Is PUR the same as PU panel?** Yes — PU, PUR and polyurethane panel are the same product; PIR is the improved polyisocyanurate chemistry. ## EPS Sandwich Panels URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/roofing/eps-sandwich-panel/ When the building is temporary, the climate is mild or the panel is a partition nobody insures, EPS is the sensible core: half the price of rockwool, a fifth less than PUR, and light enough that two people carry a 6 m panel. ### What is EPS sandwich panel? An EPS sandwich panel is made by gluing pre-cut expanded-polystyrene boards between two profiled steel skins with a two-component PU adhesive in a press — a discontinuous process, unlike the continuous foaming of PIR and PUR — which keeps the tooling simple and the price low. Expanded polystyrene is the white bead foam of packaging and building insulation: 15–20 kg/m³, closed-cell, λ 0.036–0.038 W/mK (about 60 % worse than PIR, so an EPS panel needs 50 % more thickness for the same U-value), light, stable, water-resistant and cheap. Its weaknesses are heat and fire: EPS softens at 75–80 °C, so it is not used behind dark roofs in hot climates without care, and untreated it burns readily (class E); the flame-retardant grade used in panels reaches B-s2,d0 / B-s3,d0 by test, but no insurer treats an EPS building as anything but combustible. Structurally the glued composite is less stiff than a foamed one — spans are 10–20 % shorter than PUR at the same thickness — and the adhesive bond, not the core, limits temperature and durability. Within those limits EPS is a good product: internal partitions and office walls inside warehouses, camp accommodation and site offices, prefab houses and schools, light roofs and walls in temperate or dry-inland climates, cold-room partitions and simple chillers where 100–150 mm of EPS matches 60–100 mm of PIR at lower cost. We produce EPS wall panels (micro-rib, lined, flat) and roof panels (5-rib) in 50–200 mm, 1 000 or 1 150 mm cover, lengths to 12 m, with 0.40–0.50 mm PPGI or galvanized skins. ### Grades, standards and tolerances | Grade / standard | Yield (MPa) | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | EPS core, 15–20 kg/m³, flame-retardant (EPS-FR) | λ 0.036–0.038 W/mK | B-s2,d0 / B-s3,d0 (E untreated); EN 13163 | | Compressive strength | ≥ 0.07–0.10 N/mm² | at 10 % deformation | | Service temperature | −50 to +75 °C | softens above 80 °C | | Adhesive | two-component PU | press-laminated | | Skins DX51D + Z100–Z140 + PPGI or galvanized | ≈ 140 | EN 10346 / EN 10169 | _CE-marked to EN 14509; use flame-retardant EPS only; avoid dark outer colours in hot climates._ ### EPS panel thickness and U-value | Thickness | U-value (W/m²K) | Weight (kg/m²) | Girt / purlin spacing (0.5 kN/m²) | PIR equivalent | Typical use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 50 mm | 0.68 | 8.2 | 2.6 m | 30 mm | partitions, camps | | 60 mm | 0.57 | 8.4 | 2.9 m | 40 mm | walls, light roofs | | 80 mm | 0.44 | 8.8 | 3.4 m | 50 mm | houses, offices | | 100 mm | 0.35 | 9.2 | 3.8 m | 60 mm | chiller partitions | | 120 mm | 0.30 | 9.6 | 4.1 m | 80 mm | cold rooms 0–5 °C | | 150 mm | 0.24 | 10.2 | 4.5 m | 100 mm | cold stores | | 200 mm | 0.18 | 11.2 | 5.0 m | 120 mm | freezer partitions | _Spans single-span L/100; EPS panels are 10–20 % less stiff than PUR at equal thickness._ ### Where EPS panels fit | Application | EPS suitable? | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | Internal partitions and offices in halls | yes — ideal | cheapest, light | | Camp units, site offices, prefab housing | yes | the market standard | | Walls of unheated / mildly heated buildings | yes | temperate and dry-inland climates | | Roofs in hot climates (Gulf, Africa) | with care | light colours only (9002 / 9010); core softens at 80 °C | | Cold-room partitions and simple chillers | yes | 100–150 mm; PIR for freezers | | Buildings with fire class or insurer requirement | no | PIR or rockwool | | Food-plant interiors | possible | sealed joints, 9010 skins | | Fire compartment walls | no | rockwool | ### Skins, coatings and colours | Skin | Thickness | Zinc / paint | Where | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | PPGI PE 25 µm | 0.40 / 0.50 / 0.60 mm | Z100–Z140, RAL 9002 / 9010 / 3009 / 7016 … | outer and inner face standard | | PPGI SMP / PVDF | 0.50 / 0.60 mm | Z140–Z275 | coastal, Gulf, colour warranty | | Galvanized | 0.40 / 0.50 mm | Z140–Z275, unpainted | inner face on a budget | | Food-grade PE | 0.50 mm | Z140, RAL 9010 | food, cold-store interiors | | Aluzinc / aluminium | 0.50 / 0.60 mm | — | to order | _Outer skin profiled (micro-rib, lined or 5-rib roof); inner skin micro-ribbed or flat._ ### Lengths and stock EPS wall panels 50 and 100 mm in 9002/9002 with 0.40/0.40 skins are pressed to order in 5–10 working days at lengths to 12 m; other thicknesses (60–200 mm), roof profile, galvanized skins and colours in 2 weeks. Flashings, fixings and PU sealant ship with the panels. ### Cutting, fixing and handling Cut with a fine-tooth saw or hot-wire the core after cutting the skins; fix with self-drilling screws through the panel into girts or the camp frame, 50 mm from the ends, with washers; seal cut cores and joints with PU foam or sealant. EPS panels are light — 8–11 kg/m² — and are the easiest to handle by hand, but the glued skins must not be levered apart: lift flat, store flat, keep out of direct sun before installation (the film and the core both suffer above 60 °C). ### Where it is used - Internal partitions and offices inside halls - Camp accommodation, site offices, guard houses - Prefab houses, schools and clinics - Walls and light roofs in mild and dry-inland climates - Cold-room partitions and simple chillers - Kiosks, containers and modular units ### EPS vs PUR vs rockwool PUR insulates 60 % better per millimetre and takes heat better for 15–20 % more; PIR adds the fire class; rockwool is the non-combustible core at twice the EPS price. EPS is right where cost rules and the building is a partition, a camp or a mild-climate shed. The overview compares the cores. ### Price EPS panels are the lowest-priced item on the panel list — per m² by thickness, about 15–20 % below PUR — following PPGI and polystyrene bead prices; the bands below are the month\'s indicative FOB Istanbul ranges for 50 and 100 mm. - EPS panel 50 mm (wall / roof): USD 8.5–17 / m² FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - EPS panel 100 mm: USD 11–19 / m² FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing EPS panels are stacked 10–15 per pack with foam separators and PE film, strapped on timber bearers and PE-wrapped, labelled with thickness, colours, length and count; being the lightest panel, a 40' HC still fills by volume at about 450–650 m² of 50 mm; long panels on flat-racks or by truck. Keep packs out of direct sun in transit and storage. HS 7308.90 / 9406. - Moq: 300 m² per type and thickness - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock thicknesses and colours: 5–10 working days; special cores, colours and lengths 2–3 weeks - Packing: Panels stacked 8–15 per pack with foam separators, PE film on both faces, strapped on timber bearers, PE-wrapped - Container: 40' HC ≈ 400–550 m² of 50 mm panels (volume-limited); 12 m panels on flat-rack or by truck to Iraq / Caucasus - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (skins), CE DoP (EN 14509), fire classification report, certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight above 100 t ### Certificates Orders ship with the CE declaration of performance under EN 14509, the EPS core data sheet (EN 13163, flame-retardant grade), the EN 13501-1 reaction-to-fire report and the skin coil EN 10204 3.1 certificates. ### How to order Specify wall or roof panel, thickness, skins (PPGI colours or galvanized), lengths and quantities, the climate and use (so we can advise if PUR is safer), flashings and destination. ### FAQ **What is an EPS sandwich panel?** A wall or roof panel with a glued expanded-polystyrene core (λ 0.036 W/mK, 15–20 kg/m³) between steel skins — the cheapest insulated panel, used for partitions, camps, prefab buildings and mild-climate walls. **EPS or PUR panel?** PUR insulates 60 % better per mm, resists heat and spans further for 15–20 % more; EPS is the budget choice for partitions, camps and temperate climates. Neither is fire-rated — that needs PIR or rockwool. **Can EPS panels be used on roofs in hot climates?** Only with light colours (RAL 9002 / 9010) and ventilation — the core softens above 80 °C, which a dark roof reaches in Gulf sun. **What thickness of EPS matches 50 mm PIR?** About 80 mm; 100 mm EPS ≈ 60 mm PIR; 150 mm EPS ≈ 100 mm PIR. **Is EPS panel fire-safe?** Flame-retardant EPS panels test to B-s2,d0 / B-s3,d0 but are combustible; they are not accepted where a fire class or insurer requirement applies. ## Rockwool Sandwich Panels URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/roofing/rockwool-sandwich-panel/ When the fire officer asks for a non-combustible envelope or an EI 60 wall between two units, the answer is a rockwool panel. It weighs twice a PIR panel and costs a quarter more, and there is no substitute for it where it is required. ### What is Rockwool sandwich panel? A rockwool (stone-wool, mineral-wool) sandwich panel is built from lamellas: strips cut from high-density stone-wool slabs (100–120 kg/m³, melted basalt spun into fibres) and turned so that the fibres run perpendicular to the skins, then glued to both faces with a two-component PU adhesive in a press. The perpendicular fibres give the core its compressive and shear strength — enough for a 100 mm panel to span 4 m as a wall — and the stone itself gives the properties no foam can: it does not burn (Euroclass A1 as a material, A2-s1,d0 as a panel with organic adhesive and paint), it stays intact to 1 000 °C, and as a wall the panel holds back fire for 30, 60, 90 or 120 minutes (EI classification to EN 13501-2, tested with the joint) depending on thickness and detailing, making it the only sandwich panel accepted for fire compartment walls, boundary walls within a few metres of the neighbour, escape routes and buildings where the code demands a non-combustible envelope — factories with hot processes, energy and chemical plants, industrial kitchens, data centres, public and multi-storey buildings, and increasingly warehouses under insurer pressure. Two further properties come free: sound insulation (Rw 30–34 dB against 24–26 for PIR, because the fibrous core absorbs sound) and vapour permeability (the panel breathes, which matters in humid interiors). The costs are weight (15–26 kg/m² against 10–14), thermal performance (λ 0.040 W/mK — a 100 mm rockwool panel insulates like 55 mm PIR, so the thickness for a heated building is 120–150 mm), water sensitivity of the core (cut edges and joints must be flashed and sealed), and price about 25 % above PIR. We make rockwool roof panels (5-rib, 60–150 mm) and wall panels (micro-rib, lined, flat, visible or secret fix, 50–200 mm), 1 000 mm cover, lengths to 12 m, with PPGI skins; hygienic 9010 skins and PVC-sealed joints for kitchens and food plants. ### Grades, standards and tolerances | Grade / standard | Yield (MPa) | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | Stone-wool lamella core, 100–120 kg/m³, λ 0.040 | — | A2-s1,d0 to EN 13501-1 (A1 core); EN 13162 | | Fire resistance (wall, with joint) | EI 30 / 60 / 90 / 120 | EN 13501-2 by thickness 50 / 80 / 100 / 150 mm (indicative) | | Sound insulation | Rw 30–34 dB | EN ISO 10140 | | Service temperature (core) | to 250 °C continuous | skins and adhesive limit | | Skins DX51D / S250GD + Z140–Z275 + PPGI | ≈ 140 / 250 | EN 10346 / EN 10169 | _Fire-resistance classes are for the tested wall system with joints, flashings and fixings — the classification report defines the detailing._ ### Thickness, fire resistance, U-value and span | Thickness | Fire resistance (wall) | U-value (W/m²K) | Rw (dB) | Weight (kg/m²) | Girt spacing at 0.5 kN/m² | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 50 mm | EI 30 | 0.75 | 30 | 15.0 | 2.8 m | | 80 mm | EI 60 | 0.48 | 31 | 18.3 | 3.6 m | | 100 mm | EI 60–90 | 0.40 | 32 | 20.5 | 4.0 m | | 120 mm | EI 90–120 | 0.33 | 33 | 22.8 | 4.4 m | | 150 mm | EI 120 | 0.26 | 33 | 26.0 | 4.9 m | | 200 mm | EI 120+ | 0.20 | 34 | 31.5 | 5.5 m | _Roof panels: 60–150 mm, spans about 20 % shorter than PIR at equal thickness. U-values for the panel field; add thermal bridging at joints for the building calculation._ ### Where rockwool panels are required | Requirement | Typical source | Rockwool panel solution | | --- | --- | --- | | Non-combustible envelope (A2) | building codes for public, multi-storey, large buildings | A2-s1,d0 roof and wall panels | | Fire compartment wall EI 60–120 | fire code, insurer | 100–150 mm wall panel with tested joint and flashing | | Boundary wall near property line | fire code | EI 60–90 wall panel | | Hot processes: foundries, bakeries, kitchens | process temperature, fire | rockwool wall and roof, stainless / hygienic skins | | Energy, chemical, oil & gas buildings | plant safety rules | A2 panels throughout | | Data centres, archives, server rooms | insurer, client | EI-rated partitions and envelope | | Acoustic separation (Rw ≥ 30 dB) | workplace / planning | rockwool wall panel | | Escape routes and stair enclosures | fire code | EI 30–60 partitions | ### Skins, coatings and colours | Skin | Thickness | Zinc / paint | Where | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | PPGI PE 25 µm | 0.40 / 0.50 / 0.60 mm | Z100–Z140, RAL 9002 / 9010 / 3009 / 7016 … | outer and inner face standard | | PPGI SMP / PVDF | 0.50 / 0.60 mm | Z140–Z275 | coastal, Gulf, colour warranty | | Galvanized | 0.40 / 0.50 mm | Z140–Z275, unpainted | inner face on a budget | | Food-grade PE | 0.50 mm | Z140, RAL 9010 | food, cold-store interiors | | Aluzinc / aluminium | 0.50 / 0.60 mm | — | to order | _Outer skin profiled (micro-rib, lined or 5-rib roof); inner skin micro-ribbed or flat._ ### Lengths and stock Rockwool wall panels 80 and 100 mm micro-rib 9002/9002 are pressed to order in 7–12 working days at lengths to 12 m; 50, 120–200 mm, roof panels, secret-fix, flat hygienic faces and other colours in 2–3 weeks. Fire-wall orders ship with the classification report and the detailing drawings for joints, flashings and fixings. ### Cutting, fixing and fire-wall detailing Cut with a fine-tooth circular saw or cold saw; the fibre core is cut with a long serrated blade — wear a mask. Fix with self-drilling screws (two per panel per support, 50 mm from the ends) through skin and core into steel girts or columns; rockwool panels are heavy — use vacuum lifters or crane clamps, never carry by the joint. For EI-rated walls follow the classification report exactly: mineral-wool packing in every joint and at the base, top and corner, steel flashings on both sides, screws at the tested spacing, and no PU foam in the joints. Seal cut edges and openings against water — a wet rockwool core loses insulation and weight capacity. ### Where it is used - Fire compartment and boundary walls (EI 30–120) - Factories with hot processes, foundries, bakeries, kitchens - Energy, oil & gas, chemical and pharma buildings - Public, multi-storey and insurer-driven buildings - Data centres, archives and technical rooms - Acoustic partitions and noisy plants ### Rockwool vs PIR — the fire question PIR insulates 45 % better per mm, weighs half and costs 20 % less, with a B-s1,d0 class that satisfies most warehouses; rockwool is required the moment the specification says non-combustible, A2, EI or Rw. Many buildings mix them: PIR roof, rockwool walls to the neighbours and around the kitchen. For roofs and walls generally see the roof and wall panel pages; the overview compares all cores. ### Price Rockwool panels are priced per m² by thickness and fire class on the panel list, about 25 % above PIR at equal thickness (and thicker for equal U-value), following PPGI and stone-wool prices; the bands below are the month\'s indicative FOB Istanbul ranges for 80 and 100 mm wall panels. Fire-wall detailing kits per metre. - Rockwool panel 80 mm (wall): USD 20.5–23 / m² FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - Rockwool panel 100 mm: USD 25.5–28 / m² FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Rockwool panels are the heaviest of the range — 15–31 kg/m² — and are packed 6–10 per pack with foam separators and PE film, strapped on timber bearers with edge protection and fully PE-wrapped against rain (a wet core is ruined); a 40' HC takes about 350–450 m² of 100 mm wall panels, weight and volume both close to the limit; long panels on flat-racks or by covered truck. Fire-wall detailing kits (mineral-wool packing, flashings, screws) in the same load. HS 7308.90 / 9406. - Moq: 300 m² per type and thickness - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock thicknesses and colours: 5–10 working days; special cores, colours and lengths 2–3 weeks - Packing: Panels stacked 8–15 per pack with foam separators, PE film on both faces, strapped on timber bearers, PE-wrapped - Container: 40' HC ≈ 400–550 m² of 50 mm panels (volume-limited); 12 m panels on flat-rack or by truck to Iraq / Caucasus - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (skins), CE DoP (EN 14509), fire classification report, certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight above 100 t ### Certificates Every order ships with the CE declaration of performance under EN 14509, the EN 13501-1 reaction-to-fire classification (A2-s1,d0), the EN 13501-2 fire-resistance classification report (EI class, tested system and detailing), acoustic test data on request and the skin coil EN 10204 3.1 certificates. ### How to order Specify wall or roof panel, thickness, required fire class (A2 / EI 30–120) and acoustic rating, face and fixing system, skins and colours, lengths and quantities, joint sealing (standard / hygienic PVC), flashings and destination; we return the classification report and quotation. ### FAQ **What is a rockwool sandwich panel?** A roof or wall panel with a non-combustible stone-wool lamella core (100–120 kg/m³) between steel skins — A2-s1,d0 reaction to fire, EI 30–120 fire resistance as a wall, Rw 30–34 dB — used wherever the code or insurer requires a non-combustible or fire-resisting panel. **What fire rating does a rockwool panel have?** Reaction to fire A2-s1,d0 for the panel (A1 core); fire resistance as a wall EI 30 at 50 mm to EI 120 at 120–150 mm, tested with the joint per EN 13501-2. **Rockwool or PIR panel?** Rockwool where non-combustibility, an EI rating or acoustic performance is required; PIR everywhere else — it insulates better, weighs half and costs 20 % less. **What thickness of rockwool panel for a heated building?** 120–150 mm for U ≈ 0.26–0.33 W/m²K (equivalent to 60–80 mm PIR); 80–100 mm where fire resistance rather than insulation governs. **Can rockwool panels be used on roofs?** Yes — 5-rib roof panels in 60–150 mm, with spans about 20 % shorter than PIR and careful sealing of joints against water. **What is the price of rockwool panels?** Per m² FOB Istanbul by thickness and fire class — see the bands above; about 25 % above PIR. ## Cold Room Panels URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/roofing/cold-room-panel/ A cold store is only as good as its panel joints: every gap is a frost bridge and every kilowatt of leakage runs for twenty years. Our cold-room panel is the flat-faced PIR panel with the cam-lock edge, and it ships with the doors and profiles that turn panels into a room. ### What is Cold room panel? A cold room panel is a sandwich panel optimised for a refrigerated box rather than a building envelope. The core is PIR at 40 kg/m³ — the only core with the insulation, water resistance and dimensional stability for continuous sub-zero service — in thicknesses set by the room temperature: 80 mm for +5 to +12 °C processing rooms, 100 mm for chillers at 0 to +5 °C, 120 mm for cold stores at −5 to 0 °C, 150 mm for freezers at −18 to −25 °C, 200 mm for blast freezers and −40 °C stores (or where energy cost is high). The skins are flat (stucco-embossed or plain) 0.50 mm PPGI in food-grade RAL 9010 white, washable and certified for indirect food contact, with stainless 304 skins on request for meat and fish rooms; both faces are the same, since the panel is seen and cleaned from inside. The edges are the difference: cam-lock panels have eccentric hooks cast into the core that pull the panels together with a hex key, giving a tight, demountable joint for rooms assembled and moved (supermarket and restaurant rooms, container units); tongue-and-groove panels with a double PU-foam seal are used for large cold stores built into a structure. Either joint is finished with PVC coving at floor and ceiling, PVC or aluminium corner profiles and silicone, so the room is vapour-tight (the vapour barrier is the outer skin itself) and hygienic. Floor panels take the same core with a 0.6 mm skin plus plywood and anti-slip stainless or resin for forklift rooms; ceilings span 4–6 m on 100–150 mm or hang from the roof structure. Doors — hinged for small rooms, sliding for stores, with heated frames for freezers — pressure-relief valves, light fittings and shelving complete the kit. We build complete rooms to the customer\'s drawing and ship them flat-packed with an assembly drawing. ### Grades, standards and tolerances | Grade / standard | Yield (MPa) | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | PIR core, 40 kg/m³, λ 0.022 | — | B-s1,d0; closed cell, no water uptake | | Food-grade PPGI 9010, 0.50 mm | ≈ 140 | EC 1935/2004 indirect food contact | | Stainless 304 2B skin, 0.50 mm | ≥ 210 | meat, fish, chemical rooms — on request | | Floor panel: PIR + 0.6 mm skin + plywood + stainless / resin | — | forklift traffic | | Cam-lock joints: galvanized steel hooks in PU | — | demountable rooms | _CE-marked to EN 14509; rooms designed per the customer's temperature and load with a thermal-load calculation on request._ ### Panel thickness by room temperature | Room temperature | Panel thickness | U-value (W/m²K) | Typical room | Notes | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | +8 to +12 °C | 60–80 mm | 0.35–0.27 | processing, packing, ripening rooms | often part of a plant envelope | | +2 to +8 °C | 80–100 mm | 0.27–0.21 | fruit, vegetable, dairy chillers | the most common room | | −5 to +2 °C | 100–120 mm | 0.21–0.18 | meat, fish chill, pharmacy | | | −18 to −25 °C | 150 mm | 0.14 | frozen storage, ice cream | heated door frames, PRV | | −30 to −40 °C | 180–200 mm | 0.12–0.11 | blast freezers, tuna, plasma | heated floor or ventilated void | | Any, high energy cost | + one step | — | EU / Gulf energy pricing | payback 2–4 years | _Floor insulation under freezers needs a heating mat or ventilated void to stop frost heave; we supply floor panels and the detail._ ### Joints, doors and accessories | Item | Options | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | Panel joint | cam-lock (hex key) / tongue-and-groove + PU seal | cam-lock for demountable and small rooms; T&G for large stores | | Corner | cam-lock corner panel / aluminium or PVC corner profile | | | Coving | PVC or aluminium, 50–80 mm radius | hygienic floor–wall and wall–ceiling | | Hinged door | 800–1 200 × 2 000 mm, 80–150 mm leaf, heated frame for freezers | with inside release | | Sliding door | 1 200–3 000 × 2 000–3 500 mm, manual or automatic | forklift rooms | | Floor panel | PIR + plywood + stainless / anti-slip resin | or insulated slab | | Pressure-relief valve | heated | mandatory below 0 °C | | Ceiling suspension | hangers and rails for spans > 6 m | | | Sealing kit | silicone, PU foam, PVC strips | | ### Skins, coatings and colours | Skin | Thickness | Zinc / paint | Where | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | PPGI PE 25 µm | 0.40 / 0.50 / 0.60 mm | Z100–Z140, RAL 9002 / 9010 / 3009 / 7016 … | outer and inner face standard | | PPGI SMP / PVDF | 0.50 / 0.60 mm | Z140–Z275 | coastal, Gulf, colour warranty | | Galvanized | 0.40 / 0.50 mm | Z140–Z275, unpainted | inner face on a budget | | Food-grade PE | 0.50 mm | Z140, RAL 9010 | food, cold-store interiors | | Aluzinc / aluminium | 0.50 / 0.60 mm | — | to order | _Outer skin profiled (micro-rib, lined or 5-rib roof); inner skin micro-ribbed or flat._ ### Lengths and stock Cold-room panels 100, 120 and 150 mm in 9010/9010 food-grade with cam-lock or tongue-and-groove edges are produced in 7–12 working days at lengths to 12 m; 80, 200 mm, stainless skins and floor panels in 2–3 weeks; doors 2–4 weeks. Rooms are quoted and shipped as complete kits with drawings. ### Assembly and sealing Set out the floor panels or the insulated slab level; erect wall panels on a PVC base profile, lock cam-locks with the hex key (or press T&G joints onto their foam seals and screw at the top and bottom), fit corner panels, then ceiling panels resting on the wall panels or hung from rails; seal every internal joint with silicone and fit PVC coving; install the door frame (heated below 0 °C), the pressure-relief valve and the evaporator supports (never hang units from the ceiling panel without a spreader plate). Cut panels with a fine-tooth saw and seal cut cores with PU foam and profile. Rooms below 0 °C need a floor heating mat or ventilated void under the slab. ### Where it is used - Chillers and cold stores for fruit, vegetables, dairy and meat - Freezers and blast freezers for food processing - Supermarket, restaurant and hotel walk-in rooms - Pharmaceutical and vaccine stores - Processing, packing and ripening rooms - Container and modular refrigerated units ### Cold room panel vs wall panel A standard wall sandwich panel can build a chiller above 0 °C, but its micro-rib faces, thinner core and unsealed joints do not hold a freezer; the cold-room panel adds flat food-grade skins, 100–200 mm PIR, cam-lock or double-sealed joints and the door and profile kit. For the core itself see the PIR panel page; for hygienic building envelopes around the rooms, PPGI 9010 and rockwool panels. ### Price Cold-room panels are priced per m² by thickness and joint on the panel list — 100 mm PIR flat-face as the reference, cam-lock adding about 10 %, stainless skins more — and doors, floors and profiles per piece; the bands below are the month\'s indicative FOB Istanbul ranges for 100 and 150 mm. Complete rooms are quoted as a kit from the drawing. - Cold room panel PIR 100 mm: USD 23.5–26 / m² FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - Cold room panel PIR 150 mm: USD 27.5–30 / m² FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Cold-room kits are packed by room: wall, ceiling and floor panels in numbered packs (8–12 per pack, foam separators, PE film both faces, strapped on timber, PE-wrapped), doors crated, profiles and sealing kit boxed, with the assembly drawing in the first pack; a 40' HC takes about 250–350 m² of 100–150 mm panels plus doors and profiles; long panels on flat-racks. HS 7308.90 / 9406 / 8418 (doors with equipment). - Moq: 300 m² per type and thickness - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock thicknesses and colours: 5–10 working days; special cores, colours and lengths 2–3 weeks - Packing: Panels stacked 8–15 per pack with foam separators, PE film on both faces, strapped on timber bearers, PE-wrapped - Container: 40' HC ≈ 400–550 m² of 50 mm panels (volume-limited); 12 m panels on flat-rack or by truck to Iraq / Caucasus - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (skins), CE DoP (EN 14509), fire classification report, certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight above 100 t ### Certificates Rooms ship with the CE declaration of performance under EN 14509, the PIR core data sheet, the food-contact declaration for the 9010 skins (EC 1935/2004), the EN 13501-1 fire report (B-s1,d0), door and PRV data sheets and the thermal-load calculation on request; skin coil EN 10204 3.1 certificates included. ### How to order Send the room dimensions (L × W × H), storage temperature, product and turnover (for the thermal load), floor use (forklift / pallet truck / foot), door type and sizes, joint preference (cam-lock / T&G), skins (9010 / stainless) and destination; we return a panel list, door and accessory list, drawing and quotation. ### FAQ **What is a cold room panel?** A PIR-core sandwich panel (80–200 mm, λ 0.022) with flat food-grade skins and cam-lock or double-sealed tongue-and-groove joints, made for the walls, ceilings and floors of chillers, cold stores and freezers from +12 °C to −40 °C. **What thickness of panel for a freezer at −18 °C?** 150 mm PIR (U ≈ 0.14 W/m²K); 120 mm for cold stores around 0 °C, 100 mm for chillers at +2 to +8 °C, 200 mm for −40 °C blast freezers. **Cam-lock or tongue-and-groove?** Cam-lock for small, demountable or container rooms (fast assembly with a hex key); tongue-and-groove with PU seals for large cold stores built into a structure — about 10 % cheaper. **Do you supply cold room doors?** Yes — hinged and sliding doors with heated frames for freezers, pressure-relief valves, PVC coving and corner profiles, floor panels and the sealing kit, as a complete room kit with drawings. **Can I use PUR or EPS panels for a cold room?** For chillers above 0 °C EPS and PUR are used on a budget; below 0 °C PIR is the reliable core — better insulation, no water uptake, stable at −40 °C. **What is the price of cold room panels?** Per m² FOB Istanbul by thickness — see the bands above for 100 and 150 mm; complete rooms are quoted from the drawing. ## Trapezoidal Roofing Sheets URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/roofing/trapezoidal-corrugated-sheet/ The economical metal roof: trapezoidal (27/150, 38/151, 45/333) and sinusoidal corrugated (18/76) sheets roll-formed on our own lines from galvanized, pre-painted (PPGI) or aluzinc coil, 0.30–0.70 mm, in any length up to 13.5 m. Priced per m², shipped with ridge, eaves and side flashings, screws and foam fillers; galvanized purlins and sandwich panels from the same plant. ### Which type of roofing sheet is best? For a warehouse, shed, farm building or market hall the answer is a trapezoidal steel sheet 0.45–0.50 mm thick in galvanized Z200–Z275 or pre-painted (PPGI) finish: it costs 4–6 USD/m², spans 1.5–2.5 m between purlins, lasts 15–30 years and goes up at 300–500 m² per crew per day. Corrugated (sinusoidal) sheet is the cheapest and lightest option for small roofs, fences and cladding; aluzinc gives 2–4× the life of galvanized in humid or coastal air for a 5–15% premium; polycarbonate and fibre-cement are not steel and are outside this page. When the building is heated or cooled, a sandwich panel replaces sheet plus insulation in one lift. ### Profiles: 18/76 corrugated, 27/150, 38/151, 45/333 | Profile | Rib height × pitch | Cover width | Sheet width | Thickness | Typical span* | Use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 18/76 corrugated (sinus) | 18 × 76 mm | 1 000 mm | 1 220 mm | 0.30–0.60 | 0.9–1.2 m | Small roofs, fences, cladding, Africa/Gulf standard | | 27/150 | 27 × 150 mm | 1 050 mm | 1 250 mm | 0.40–0.60 | 1.2–1.6 m | Wall cladding, canopies | | 38/151 | 38 × 151 mm | 1 060 mm | 1 250 mm | 0.40–0.70 | 1.6–2.2 m | Warehouse and shed roofs — most ordered | | 45/333 | 45 × 333 mm | 1 000 mm | 1 250 mm | 0.50–0.70 | 2.0–2.8 m | Long-span roofs, industrial halls | | Composite deck (see deck page) | 50–75 × 250 | 750–1 000 | 1 250 | 0.70–1.20 | 2.5–3.5 m | Concrete floor slabs | _* purlin spacing, 0.50 mm S280GD, 1.0 kN/m² UDL, deflection L/200, two-span. Detailed load tables per EN 1993-1-3 on the datasheet._ ### Profile and material pages Each profile has its own page with dimensions, span table, weight and fixing details: corrugated 18/76 (the sinus sheet), trapezoidal 27/150 (walls and liners), trapezoidal 38/151 (the standard roof) and trapezoidal 45/333 (long spans and decks). By material: galvanized trapezoidal sheet with the zinc-class life table and PPGI trapezoidal sheet with colours and paint systems. ### Materials: galvanized, PPGI, aluzinc | Material | Coating | Colours | Life (rural / coastal) | Price index | Choose for | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Galvanized (GI) | Z140 / Z200 / Z275 | Silver spangle | 15–25 / 6–10 yr | 1.00 | Budget roofs, sheds, fences, to be painted | | PPGI polyester | Z140–Z200 + PE 25 µm | RAL 9002, 9010, 9006, 3009, 5010, 6005, 7016, 8017 + any RAL | 20–30 / 8–12 yr | 1.20–1.30 | Visible roofs and cladding | | PPGI PVDF | Z200–Z275 + PVDF 35 µm | Any RAL, metallic | 25–35 / 12–18 yr | 1.35–1.50 | Gulf sun, coastal, architectural | | Aluzinc AZ150 | 55% Al-Zn 150 g/m² | Bright metallic | 30–40 / 15–20 yr | 1.08–1.15 | Humid tropics, West Africa, heat reflection | | Stucco / matt | PE textured 30 µm | Selected RAL | 20–30 / 8–12 yr | 1.30 | Villas, low-glare roofs | ### Thickness, weight and coverage Export orders are mostly 0.45–0.50 mm; 0.30–0.35 mm is sold for fences, temporary works and price-driven African markets, 0.60–0.70 mm for long spans and foot-traffic roofs. State thickness as the base-metal thickness (BMT) — some markets quote total coated thickness (TCT), which is 0.03–0.05 mm higher. | Thickness | Galvanized kg/m² | PPGI kg/m² | m² per ton | 6 m sheets per ton (38/151) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 0.30 mm | 2.7 | 2.8 | 360 | 56 | | 0.35 mm | 3.1 | 3.2 | 315 | 49 | | 0.40 mm | 3.6 | 3.7 | 275 | 43 | | 0.45 mm | 4.0 | 4.1 | 245 | 38 | | 0.50 mm | 4.4 | 4.5 | 225 | 35 | | 0.60 mm | 5.3 | 5.4 | 188 | 29 | | 0.70 mm | 6.2 | 6.3 | 160 | 25 | _Includes the 7–9% profile factor (flat sheet 1 250 mm → 1 060 mm cover)._ ### Lengths, cutting and packing Sheets are cut to your length list from 1 m to 13.5 m (11.8 m maximum for a 40' HC; longer by truck or flat-rack) with no cut-to-length charge. Packs are 60–100 sheets, 1.5–3 t, on timber bearers, film-wrapped and strapped, labelled with length and colour; the roof plan and cutting list are confirmed before rolling. ### Flashings, fasteners and accessories Every order can ship as a complete roof: ridge caps, eaves and verge flashings, corner and drip profiles bent from the same coil and colour; self-drilling screws 4.8 × 35–65 mm with EPDM washers (6–8 per m²), stitching screws, foam closure fillers (profile-matched), butyl tape, gutters and downpipes, and polycarbonate skylight sheets in the same profile. - Ridge, eaves, verge, corner, drip, apron flashings — 2–6 m, matched colour - Self-drilling screws with EPDM washer, colour heads - Profile foam fillers, butyl sealing tape - Polycarbonate skylights 18/76, 38/151 - Galvanized C/Z purlins from the same plant ### Installation notes Purlin spacing per the span table; sheets are laid against the prevailing wind with a one-corrugation side lap (two for corrugated in high wind) and 150–200 mm end lap with sealant; minimum roof pitch 5° for 45/333, 8° for 38/151, 12° for corrugated. Fix through the crest on roofs and through the valley on walls; walk on the purlin lines. Strip the protective film within 30 days and store packs off the ground on a slope. ### Roofing sheet price per m² Indicative FOB Istanbul bands per m² of cover from our weekly export list, 38/151 profile, full-container quantities. PPGI is priced by colour group (RAL 9002/9010 lowest, dark and metallic colours +5–8%); aluzinc sits 8–15% above galvanized. Per-sheet price = band × cover width × length. - Galvanized 0.40 mm: USD 3.8–4.2 / m² FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - Galvanized 0.50 mm: USD 4.3–4.8 / m² FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - PPGI 0.40 mm: USD 4.5–5 / m² FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - PPGI 0.50 mm: USD 5.1–5.7 / m² FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - Corrugated 0.50 mm: USD 5.4–6 / m² FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing A 40' HC takes 2 500–3 500 m² of 0.50 mm sheet depending on length (about 12–14 t); a 13.6 m truck 3 000–4 000 m². Packs to 3 t, 11.8 m max in a container. HS code 7210.41 (corrugated galvanized), 7210.70 (painted), 7216.91 (cold-formed profiles). - Moq: 1 × 40' HC (2 500–3 500 m²) or 1 truck; profiles and colours mixed - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, West and East Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau / Almaty - Lead: 7–12 working days after colour and length confirmation; RAL 9002 / 9006 / 3009 from stock - Packing: Packs 60–100 sheets (1.5–3 t) on bearers, film + straps; max 11.8 m in 40' HC, 13.5 m by truck - Container: 40' HC ≈ 2 500–3 500 m² (12–14 t) · truck ≈ 3 000–4 000 m² - Docs: Invoice, packing list per pack, EN 10204 3.1, CE (EN 14782), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / EAC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight via London office ### Certificates EN 10204 3.1 for the coil, CE declaration to EN 14782, colour and coating certificate for PPGI, certificate of origin; SASO, SONCAP, EAC on request. ### How to order Send roof area or a length list, profile, thickness, material and colour, plus port and Incoterm. We reply within one working day with the price per m² and per sheet, the pack list, gross weight and container count; production starts after colour and cutting-list confirmation. ### FAQ **Which type of roofing sheet is best?** For most industrial and agricultural roofs a 0.45–0.50 mm trapezoidal steel sheet (38/151) in PPGI or Z275 galvanized: best span-to-cost, 15–30 years, fast to install. Use aluzinc in humid coastal climates, corrugated 18/76 for small spans and fences, and sandwich panels when insulation is needed. **What is the cheapest roofing sheet?** Corrugated 18/76 galvanized sheet at 0.30–0.35 mm — around the low end of the band above per m² FOB — followed by 27/150 galvanized. Cheaper sheets need closer purlins (0.9–1.2 m) and give a shorter life, so compare on installed cost. **What is the price of corrugated sheet in the UAE?** Landed Jebel Ali in container quantity, a 0.40 mm galvanized corrugated sheet from Turkey is typically 10–20% under UAE stockist prices for the same coating class; sea freight adds about 0.4–0.6 USD/m² and duty is 5%. We quote CIF per m² and per sheet within one working day. **What is the price of a 25-foot roofing sheet?** A 7.6 m (25 ft) sheet of 38/151 at 0.50 mm covers 8.1 m²; at the indicative band above it costs roughly 35–45 USD FOB Istanbul in PPGI, about 30–40 USD in galvanized, before freight. Longer sheets have no extra cutting charge up to 13.5 m. **What thickness should I choose?** 0.40–0.45 mm for sheds and cladding with purlins at ≤1.5 m; 0.50 mm for warehouses with purlins at 1.6–2.2 m (the export standard); 0.60–0.70 mm for spans over 2.2 m or roofs with foot traffic. Always specify base-metal thickness. **How many roofing sheets fit in a container?** By area about 2 500–3 500 m² per 40' HC (12–14 t of 0.50 mm), i.e. 400–550 sheets of 6 m 38/151. Length up to 11.8 m fits a container; up to 13.5 m goes by truck or flat-rack. **Do you supply flashings, screws and purlins with the sheets?** Yes — ridge, eaves and side flashings in the same coil and colour, EPDM screws, foam fillers, gutters, skylights and galvanized C/Z purlins are added to the same container. **Do you manufacture the sheets yourselves?** Yes. The profiles are roll-formed on our own lines in Dilovası from our galvanized, PPGI and aluzinc coil stock, which is why any length and small colour runs are possible. ## Corrugated Sheet 18/76 URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/roofing/corrugated-sheet-18-76/ Before there were trapezoidal profiles there was the corrugated sheet, and in half the world a metal roof still means this one. It is light, it curves, it overlaps forgivingly, and our line rolls it in galvanized and in every stock colour. ### What is Corrugated roofing sheet 18/76? The 18/76 corrugated sheet is the sinusoidal profile that has roofed sheds since the 1830s, brought up to date in material: instead of the old 26-gauge galvanized iron it is rolled from continuously hot-dip galvanized DX51D coil (Z100–Z275) or pre-painted PPGI, 0.40–0.70 mm thick, on a roll-former that forms the 18 mm-high, 76 mm-pitch wave without stretching the coating. A sheet of 1 076 mm overall covers 1 000 mm net with a one-wave side lap and is made to any length from 1 to 12 m; the profile is symmetric, so there is no up/down or left/right, and its shallow waves let it be curved on the line to radii from 1.5 m for barrel-vault roofs, canopies and silos. Its structural performance is modest — the 18 mm depth spans about 1.0–1.5 m between purlins under a normal roof load — so it belongs on closely purlined roofs, walls, fences and light structures; where purlins are 2 m or more apart, the 27/150 or 38/151 trapezoidal profiles take over. What it keeps is the look and the forgiveness: a wavy roof reads as traditional, the side laps seal well with a single fixing through the crest, and damaged sheets are replaced one at a time. We roll galvanized and PPGI 18/76 from the same coils as our trapezoidal sheets, cut to length, with ridge caps, corner and eaves flashings, and crest-fix screws with EPDM washers or hook bolts for purlin fixing. ### Grades, standards and tolerances | Grade / standard | Yield (MPa) | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | DX51D+Z100 (EN 10346) | ≈ 140 (not guaranteed) | galvanized, general roofing | | DX51D+Z140 / Z275 | ≈ 140 | exposed and coastal | | S280GD+Z275 | 280 | longer spans, snow / wind loads | | PPGI (DX51D+Z100 + PE 25 µm) | ≈ 140 | coloured sheet, EN 10169 | _Profile tolerances per EN 14782: length ±10 mm, cover width ±5 mm, wave height ±1 mm._ ### Profile dimensions and span | Item | Value | | --- | --- | | Wave height | 18 mm | | Wave pitch | 76 mm | | Waves per sheet | 14 | | Overall width | 1 076 mm | | Cover width | 1 000 mm (one-wave side lap) | | Length | 1–12 m, to order | | Min. curving radius | 1.5 m (0.50 mm), 2.5 m (0.70 mm) | | Weight 0.40 / 0.50 / 0.70 mm | 3.6 / 4.5 / 6.3 kg/m² covered | | Purlin spacing, roof 0.75 kN/m² | 1.0 m (0.40) · 1.2 m (0.50) · 1.5 m (0.70) | | Purlin spacing, wall | 1.5–2.0 m | | Min. roof slope | 15 % (8.5°) with 200 mm end lap; 10 % with sealed laps | _Spans are for continuous two-span sheets at L/150 deflection; check wind uplift and fixing pull-out for exposed roofs._ ### Material, thickness and weight | Material | Thickness (TCT) | kg/m² covered | Colours | Life (C3 / coastal) | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Galvanized DX51D+Z100 | 0.40–0.50 | 3.6–4.5 | spangle silver | 10–15 / 5–8 yr | cheapest; warehouses, sheds | | Galvanized Z140–Z275 | 0.50–0.70 | 4.5–6.3 | silver | 15–25 / 8–12 yr | exposed roofs, agriculture | | PPGI PE 25 µm on Z100 | 0.40–0.60 | 3.7–5.5 | RAL 9002, 9010, 3009, 7016, 6005 … | 10–15 / 5–8 yr | the standard coloured roof | | PPGI SMP / HDP | 0.50–0.60 | 4.6–5.5 | as above | 15–25 / 10–15 yr | warranty projects | | PPGI PVDF | 0.50–0.70 | 4.6–6.4 | as above | 25–30 / 15–20 yr | façades, Gulf coast | | Aluzinc AZ150 | 0.45–0.60 | 4.0–5.4 | matt silver | 25–30 / 12–15 yr | to order, 10 t | _For fences and sheds 0.40 mm galvanized is the market standard; for roofs 0.50 mm; coastal sites need Z275 or PVDF PPGI._ ### Lengths and stock Galvanized 0.40 and 0.50 mm and PPGI RAL 9002 / 3009 / 7016 in 0.40–0.50 mm are rolled continuously and normally available in 2, 3 and 6 m within a week; other lengths (to 12 m), gauges to 0.70 mm, curved sheets and other colours are rolled to order in about two weeks. Ridge caps, eaves and verge flashings, hook bolts and crest screws ship with the sheets. ### Fixing, lapping and curving Fix through the wave crests (never the troughs) with 5.5 × 55–65 mm self-drilling screws and EPDM washers into steel purlins, or with hook bolts on angle purlins — every second wave at the eaves and ridge, every third elsewhere, and stitch the side laps at 500 mm. End laps 200 mm (150 mm above 20 % slope), side lap one wave, laid against the prevailing wind. Cut with shears or a nibbler, not an abrasive disc. Curved sheets are formed on our crimp-curving machine to the drawing radius; on site the sheet can be sprung to radii above 8 m. ### Where it is used - Sheds, barns, workshops and rural roofs - Fences, hoardings and site boundaries - Wall cladding of light industrial buildings - Curved roofs, canopies, silos and market stalls - Re-roofing of old corrugated-iron buildings - Temporary and relief housing ### Corrugated vs trapezoidal sheet The corrugated sheet is lighter, curves and looks traditional but spans only 1–1.5 m; the 27/150 trapezoidal spans 1.5–2 m and the 38/151 2–3 m on the same gauge, which is why industrial roofs use them. The roofing sheet overview compares all profiles; for a tile look, the tile-profile sheet. ### Price Corrugated sheet is priced per m² covered by material and gauge — galvanized 0.40 mm is the entry price of the roofing list, PPGI 0.50 mm the standard coloured roof — and follows the galvanized coil price; the bands below are the month\'s indicative FOB Istanbul ranges. Ridges and flashings per metre, screws per hundred. - Corrugated 18/76 galvanized 0.40 mm: USD 3.9–4.3 / m² FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - Corrugated 18/76 PPGI 0.50 mm: USD 5.4–6 / m² FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Corrugated sheets are stacked 30–60 per pack with paper between coloured sheets, strapped on timber bearers with edge boards and PE-wrapped; packs are labelled with profile, material, gauge, length and count. A 40' HC takes 2 500–3 000 m² of 6 m sheets (about 12 t), a 20' 1 200–1 500 m² of 3 m; 12 m sheets go on flat-rack. Curved sheets are nested and crated. HS 7210.41 / 7210.70 (coil origin) or 7308.90 as roofing. - Moq: 300 m² per colour and gauge - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock colours and galvanized: 3–7 working days; 12 m and special colours 2 weeks - Packing: Sheets stacked 30–60 per pack on timber bearers, strapped, PE-wrapped, edge boards; nested curved sheets crated - Container: 20' ≈ 1 200–1 500 m² (≈ 6–7 t); 40' HC ≈ 2 500–3 000 m² of 6 m sheets - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (coil), CE DoP (EN 14782), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight above 100 t ### Certificates Corrugated 18/76 ships with the coil mill\'s EN 10204 3.1 (grade, zinc mass, paint system) and our CE declaration of performance under EN 14782 (profile, thickness, load-span data); a colour-match sample and the coating warranty (PE / SMP / PVDF) are supplied on request. ### How to order Specify galvanized (zinc class) or PPGI (RAL colour, system), thickness, sheet lengths and quantity per length (or the roof m² and slope for us to cut a schedule), curved sheets with radius, accessories and destination. ### FAQ **What is 18/76 corrugated sheet?** The classic sinusoidal roofing sheet with 18 mm-high waves on a 76 mm pitch, rolled from galvanized or pre-painted coil 0.40–0.70 mm, covering 1 000 mm per sheet — used on sheds, barns, fences, walls and curved roofs. **What purlin spacing does corrugated sheet need?** About 1.0 m for 0.40 mm, 1.2 m for 0.50 mm and 1.5 m for 0.70 mm under a normal roof load; 1.5–2 m on walls. **Can corrugated sheet be curved?** Yes — crimp-curved on our line to radii from 1.5 m (0.50 mm) for barrel roofs, canopies and silos; on site it springs to radii above 8 m. **Which thickness for a roof?** 0.50 mm for roofs and exposed walls, 0.40 mm for fences, sheds and light cladding, 0.60–0.70 mm for snow or wind-loaded roofs. **What is the price of corrugated roofing sheet?** Per m² FOB Istanbul — see the bands above; galvanized 0.40 mm is the cheapest metal roofing there is. ## Trapezoidal Sheet 27/150 URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/roofing/trapezoidal-sheet-27-150/ Most of the wall you see on a warehouse is T27: flat enough to look clean, ribbed enough to stay straight, and cheap enough to clad a hectare. It is our highest-volume profile by square metre. ### What is Trapezoidal sheet 27/150? The 27/150 trapezoidal — T27 in the Turkish trade, close to the European T20/T27 wall profiles and the South African IBR — is a seven-rib sheet with 27 mm-deep trapezoidal ribs at 150 mm centres, a 1 050 mm cover width from a 1 250 mm coil, and flat 100 mm-wide pans between the ribs. The geometry is chosen for walls: the shallow ribs give a near-flat, architectural face that reads as vertical lines, the wide pans take the fixings at every purlin, and the sheet stays flat and straight in long lengths (to 12 m) without oil-canning. On a roof it spans 1.5–2.0 m between purlins at 0.50 mm — enough for the close purlin spacing of trusses and for re-roofing — but it drains less water than the 38/151 and needs a steeper slope (min. 10 %). Its third role is as liner: the inner skin of a built-up insulated roof or wall, laid over the purlins, with the insulation and the outer 38/151 sheet above, or as the ceiling sheet of cold stores and halls, usually 0.40 mm galvanized or 9002 PPGI. Material is DX51D galvanized (Z100 for liners and dry climates, Z140–Z275 exposed) or PPGI in the stock colours; 0.40 mm for walls and liners, 0.50 mm for roofs, 0.60 mm for long spans and wind. We roll T27 on the same lines as our other trapezoidal profiles and supply it with corner, eaves, verge and window flashings folded from the same coil, colour-matched screws and foam closures. ### Grades, standards and tolerances | Grade / standard | Yield (MPa) | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | DX51D+Z100 (EN 10346) | ≈ 140 (not guaranteed) | liner sheet, interior, dry climates | | DX51D+Z140 / Z275 | ≈ 140 | exposed walls and roofs | | S280GD+Z275 | 280 | roofs at the longer spans | | PPGI (DX51D+Z100 + PE / SMP / PVDF) | ≈ 140 | coloured cladding, EN 10169 | _Sheet tolerances per EN 14782; rib height ±1 mm, cover width ±5 mm._ ### Profile dimensions and span table | Item | 0.40 mm | 0.50 mm | 0.60 mm | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Rib height / pitch | 27 / 150 mm | 27 / 150 mm | 27 / 150 mm | | Ribs per sheet · cover width | 7 · 1 050 mm | 7 · 1 050 mm | 7 · 1 050 mm | | Overall width | 1 100 mm | 1 100 mm | 1 100 mm | | Weight per m² covered (galv.) | 3.8 kg | 4.7 kg | 5.6 kg | | Wall girt spacing (wind 0.6 kN/m²) | 1.5 m | 1.8 m | 2.1 m | | Roof purlin spacing (0.75 kN/m²) | 1.2 m | 1.5 m | 1.8 m | | Roof purlin spacing (1.5 kN/m²) | 0.9 m | 1.1 m | 1.3 m | | Min. roof slope | 10 % | 10 % | 10 % | | Max. length | 12 m | 12 m | 12 m | _Wall values assume two-span continuous sheets; roof values include a 200 mm end lap. Design to EN 1993-1-3 with the CE data for the project loads._ ### Material, thickness and weight | Material | Thickness (TCT) | kg/m² covered | Colours | Life (C3 / coastal) | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Galvanized DX51D+Z100 | 0.40–0.50 | 3.6–4.5 | spangle silver | 10–15 / 5–8 yr | cheapest; warehouses, sheds | | Galvanized Z140–Z275 | 0.50–0.70 | 4.5–6.3 | silver | 15–25 / 8–12 yr | exposed roofs, agriculture | | PPGI PE 25 µm on Z100 | 0.40–0.60 | 3.7–5.5 | RAL 9002, 9010, 3009, 7016, 6005 … | 10–15 / 5–8 yr | the standard coloured roof | | PPGI SMP / HDP | 0.50–0.60 | 4.6–5.5 | as above | 15–25 / 10–15 yr | warranty projects | | PPGI PVDF | 0.50–0.70 | 4.6–6.4 | as above | 25–30 / 15–20 yr | façades, Gulf coast | | Aluzinc AZ150 | 0.45–0.60 | 4.0–5.4 | matt silver | 25–30 / 12–15 yr | to order, 10 t | _Walls are usually 0.40–0.50 mm PPGI 9002 or 9006; liners 0.40 galvanized; roofs 0.50 mm._ ### Lengths and stock T27 in galvanized 0.40 / 0.50 and PPGI RAL 9002, 9006 and 7016 in 0.40–0.50 mm is rolled continuously and available in 3–7 working days in any length to 12 m; other colours and 0.60 mm in about two weeks. Flashings, closures, screws and rivets ship in the same load. ### Fixing, lapping and detailing On walls fix through the pan at every girt with 5.5 × 25–32 mm self-drilling screws (two per sheet per girt on the outer ribs plus one mid-sheet), stitch side laps at 500 mm; on roofs fix through the rib crests with 5.5 × 55–65 mm screws and EPDM washers at every purlin, side lap one rib, end lap 200 mm with butyl sealant. Cut with shears, nibbler or cold saw. Corner, window and eaves flashings are folded from the same coil and colour; foam closures seal the rib voids at the eaves and ridge. ### Where it is used - Wall cladding of warehouses, factories and halls - Liner sheet of built-up insulated roofs and walls - Roofs on trusses and close purlins (1.5–2 m) - Ceiling sheets of cold stores and halls - Fences, gates and hoardings - Interior partitions and covers ### T27 vs T38 vs corrugated The 38/151 is the roof profile — deeper ribs, 2–3 m spans, better drainage; the corrugated 18/76 the traditional short-span sheet. T27 is the wall and liner profile and the economical roof at close purlins. For long spans and deck use, the 45/333. The overview puts them side by side. ### Price T27 is priced per m² covered by material and gauge — the galvanized 0.40 mm liner is the base of the roofing list, PPGI 0.50 mm the standard coloured wall — following the galvanized coil price; the bands below are the month\'s indicative FOB Istanbul ranges. - T27 galvanized 0.40 mm: USD 3.8–4.2 / m² FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - T27 PPGI 0.50 mm: USD 5.1–5.7 / m² FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing T27 sheets travel in packs of 30–60 with paper between coloured faces, strapped on timber with edge boards and PE-wrapped, each pack labelled with profile, material, gauge, length and count; a 40' HC holds 2 800–3 200 m² of 6 m sheets (≈ 13 t), sheets over 12 m go flat-rack or breakbulk from Derince. Flashings are bundled separately. HS 7210.41 / 7210.70 or 7308.90. - Moq: 300 m² per colour and gauge - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock colours and galvanized: 3–7 working days; other colours 2 weeks - Packing: Packs of 30–60 sheets on timber, strapped, PE-wrapped, paper interleaved for PPGI - Container: 40' HC ≈ 2 800–3 200 m² of 6 m sheets; 12 m on flat-rack - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (coil), CE DoP (EN 14782), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight above 100 t ### Certificates Each order ships with the coil certificate EN 10204 3.1 (grade, zinc, paint) and our CE declaration under EN 14782 with the load-span data for the profile; a colour sample and the paint warranty are provided on request. ### How to order Specify material (galvanized zinc class or PPGI colour and system), thickness, sheet lengths and quantities (or the elevation drawings for a cutting schedule), flashings, fixings and destination; state whether the sheet is wall, roof or liner so we set the gauge and closures. ### FAQ **What is trapezoidal sheet 27/150?** A light trapezoidal profile with 27 mm ribs at 150 mm pitch and a 1 050 mm cover, rolled from galvanized or pre-painted coil 0.40–0.60 mm — the standard wall-cladding and liner sheet, and a roof sheet at close purlin spacing. **What span can T27 sheet cover?** On walls 1.5–2.1 m between girts; on roofs 1.2–1.8 m between purlins depending on gauge and load — see the span table. **T27 or T38 for a roof?** T38 for purlins at 2–3 m and better drainage; T27 where purlins are at 1.5–2 m or for liners and walls. **What thickness for wall cladding?** 0.40 mm for sheltered walls and liners, 0.50 mm for exposed walls and long sheets, 0.60 mm for high wind. **What is the price of T27 cladding sheet?** Per m² FOB Istanbul by gauge and material — see the bands above. ## Trapezoidal Sheet 38/151 URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/roofing/trapezoidal-sheet-38-151/ If a portal-frame building has purlins at 2.5 m, its roof is almost certainly 38/151. It is the profile our roofing line runs day in, day out, and the one our export customers order by the container. ### What is Trapezoidal sheet 38/151? The 38/151 — T38, T40 in some European catalogues, close to the RN38 and the British 32/1000 family — is the roof profile of the steel-building trade: six trapezoidal ribs 38 mm deep at 151 mm centres on a 906 mm cover, rolled from a 1 250 mm coil, with 60 mm crests, 70 mm pans and sloping webs that stiffen the sheet and shed water. The extra depth over the T27 buys two things: bending stiffness, so the sheet spans 2–3 m between purlins under snow and wind (the purlin spacing of most portal frames), and drainage capacity, so a 30–40 m roof slope at 7–10 % pitch runs dry without ponding. It is used as the outer sheet of single-skin roofs and of built-up roofs (over a liner and insulation), as wall cladding where a stronger rib pattern is wanted, and as the skin of site-assembled canopies and hangars. Material is DX51D or S280GD galvanized (Z100 in dry climates, Z140–Z275 exposed, coastal and Gulf) or PPGI in the stock colours — 9002 grey white dominates industrial roofs, 3009 rural ones, 7016 modern ones — in 0.40 mm for light roofs and walls, 0.50 mm as the standard, 0.60–0.70 mm for snow regions and long spans. Sheets are rolled to any length up to 14 m so that most roof slopes are covered in one piece without end laps; the profile is symmetric and can be laid from either side. We roll T38 on our Dilovası line, fold the ridge, eaves, verge and wall flashings from the same coil, and supply foam closures, self-drilling screws with EPDM washers and sealant so that the roof arrives complete. ### Grades, standards and tolerances | Grade / standard | Yield (MPa) | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | DX51D+Z100 (EN 10346) | ≈ 140 (not guaranteed) | inland roofs, dry climates | | DX51D+Z140 / Z275 | ≈ 140 | exposed, coastal, Gulf | | S280GD+Z275 | 280 | spans to 3 m, snow loads | | S320GD+Z275 | 320 | long spans, to order | | PPGI (Z100 + PE / SMP / PVDF) | ≈ 140 | coloured roofs, EN 10169 | _Load-span data are calculated for S280GD; DX51D sheet is used at the conservative end of the table._ ### Profile dimensions and span table | Item | 0.40 mm | 0.50 mm | 0.60 mm | 0.70 mm | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Rib height / pitch | 38 / 151 mm | 38 / 151 mm | 38 / 151 mm | 38 / 151 mm | | Ribs · cover width · overall | 6 · 906 · 970 mm | same | same | same | | Weight per m² covered (galv.) | 4.4 kg | 5.5 kg | 6.6 kg | 7.7 kg | | Purlin spacing, 0.75 kN/m² | 1.7 m | 2.1 m | 2.5 m | 2.9 m | | Purlin spacing, 1.0 kN/m² | 1.5 m | 1.9 m | 2.2 m | 2.6 m | | Purlin spacing, 1.5 kN/m² | 1.2 m | 1.6 m | 1.9 m | 2.2 m | | Purlin spacing, 2.0 kN/m² (snow) | 1.1 m | 1.4 m | 1.7 m | 1.9 m | | Wall girt spacing, 0.6 kN/m² wind | 2.0 m | 2.4 m | 2.8 m | 3.1 m | | Min. roof slope | 7 % (4°) | 7 % | 7 % | 7 % | | Max. length | 14 m | 14 m | 14 m | 14 m | _Loads are total (dead + snow / imposed) on the roof; wind uplift and fixing pull-out may govern on exposed sites. CE load tables for the project case are supplied with the offer._ ### Material, thickness and weight | Material | Thickness (TCT) | kg/m² covered | Colours | Life (C3 / coastal) | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Galvanized DX51D+Z100 | 0.40–0.50 | 3.6–4.5 | spangle silver | 10–15 / 5–8 yr | cheapest; warehouses, sheds | | Galvanized Z140–Z275 | 0.50–0.70 | 4.5–6.3 | silver | 15–25 / 8–12 yr | exposed roofs, agriculture | | PPGI PE 25 µm on Z100 | 0.40–0.60 | 3.7–5.5 | RAL 9002, 9010, 3009, 7016, 6005 … | 10–15 / 5–8 yr | the standard coloured roof | | PPGI SMP / HDP | 0.50–0.60 | 4.6–5.5 | as above | 15–25 / 10–15 yr | warranty projects | | PPGI PVDF | 0.50–0.70 | 4.6–6.4 | as above | 25–30 / 15–20 yr | façades, Gulf coast | | Aluzinc AZ150 | 0.45–0.60 | 4.0–5.4 | matt silver | 25–30 / 12–15 yr | to order, 10 t | _For the Gulf and coastal Africa specify Z275 galvanized or PVDF PPGI; 0.50 mm is the standard roof gauge, 0.60–0.70 in snow regions._ ### Roof accessories rolled and folded to match | Item | Size | Material | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Ridge cap | 2 × 200–300 mm, 3 m | same coil | plain or profiled | | Eaves and verge flashings | to drawing, 3–6 m | same coil | | | Wall / parapet flashings | to drawing | same coil | | | Foam closures | T38 profile | PE foam | eaves and ridge | | Self-drilling screws | 5.5 × 55–65 mm | zinc-flake, EPDM washer | painted heads for PPGI | | Stitching screws | 4.8 × 20 mm | stainless / zinc | side laps | | Butyl sealant tape | 3 × 10 mm | — | end laps, low slopes | | Gutters and downpipes | to drawing | same coil | on request | _Ordering the accessories with the sheets keeps the whole roof in one colour batch._ ### Lengths and stock T38 galvanized 0.50 mm and PPGI 9002 / 3009 / 7016 in 0.45–0.50 mm are rolled continuously and available in 3–7 working days at any length to 14 m; 0.40, 0.60 and 0.70 mm and other colours in about two weeks. Every order can ship with ridge, flashings, closures and screws. ### Fixing, lapping and installation Fix through the rib crests at every purlin with 5.5 × 55–65 mm self-drilling screws and 19 mm EPDM washers — every rib at eaves, ridge and end laps, every second rib elsewhere; stitch side laps at 500 mm with 4.8 mm screws. Side lap one rib laid against the prevailing wind, end lap 200 mm with butyl tape (150 mm above 15 % slope); avoid end laps by ordering full-slope lengths. Cut with a nibbler, shears or cold saw; walk on the pans at purlin lines only. Foam closures at eaves and ridge, and a ventilated ridge on unlined roofs to limit condensation. ### Where it is used - Roofs of warehouses, factories, workshops and hangars - Outer sheet of built-up insulated roofs - Agricultural buildings, stables and stores - Canopies, car ports and loading bays - Wall cladding with a strong rib pattern - Re-roofing over existing purlins ### T38 vs T27 vs 45/333 The T27 is the wall and liner profile and a roof only at close purlins; the 45/333 is deeper still for 3–4 m spans and deck use. T38 is the general-purpose roof between them — for most portal frames the right answer. Galvanized and coloured versions are compared on the galvanized and PPGI trapezoidal pages. ### Price T38 is priced per m² covered by material and gauge on the roofing list, following the galvanized coil price; the bands below are the month\'s indicative FOB Istanbul ranges for galvanized and PPGI 0.50 mm. Accessories are priced per metre and per hundred. - T38 galvanized 0.50 mm: USD 4.3–4.8 / m² FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - T38 PPGI 0.50 mm: USD 5.3–5.9 / m² FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing T38 ships in packs of 30–50 sheets with paper between coloured faces, strapped on timber bearers with edge boards and PE-wrapped, labelled with profile, material, gauge, length and count; 2 400–2 800 m² of 6 m sheets per 40' HC (≈ 13 t), 12–14 m sheets on flat-rack or breakbulk from Derince. Flashings, closures and screws are packed separately in the same load. HS 7210.41 / 7210.70 or 7308.90. - Moq: 300 m² per colour and gauge - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock colours and galvanized: 3–7 working days; other colours 2 weeks - Packing: Packs of 30–50 sheets on timber, strapped, PE-wrapped, paper interleaved for PPGI - Container: 40' HC ≈ 2 400–2 800 m² of 6 m sheets; 12–14 m on flat-rack - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (coil), CE DoP (EN 14782), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight above 100 t ### Certificates Each order carries the coil mill\'s EN 10204 3.1 (grade, zinc mass, paint system) and our CE declaration of performance under EN 14782 with the load-span table of the profile; a colour-match sample and the paint warranty document are supplied on request. ### How to order Specify galvanized (zinc class) or PPGI (RAL, system), thickness, sheet lengths and quantities per length (or the roof plan for a cutting schedule), ridge / flashing / closure / screw needs, and destination; state the snow or wind load if you want the gauge confirmed. ### FAQ **What is trapezoidal sheet 38/151?** The standard industrial roof profile: 38 mm-deep ribs at 151 mm pitch, six ribs on a 906 mm cover, rolled from galvanized or pre-painted coil 0.40–0.70 mm; spans 2–3 m between purlins. **What purlin spacing does T38 need?** About 2.1 m for 0.50 mm at 0.75 kN/m², 1.6 m at 1.5 kN/m²; 0.60–0.70 mm reaches 2.5–2.9 m — see the span table. **What is the minimum roof slope for T38?** 7 % (4°) with sealed 200 mm end laps; 10 % is comfortable, and full-length sheets without end laps are best. **Which thickness should I choose?** 0.50 mm is the standard roof gauge; 0.40 mm for light roofs and walls; 0.60–0.70 mm for snow regions, long spans or foot traffic. **How many m² of T38 fit in a container?** About 2 400–2 800 m² of 6 m sheets (≈ 13 t) in a 40' HC; longer sheets go on flat-racks. **What is the price of T38 roofing sheet?** Per m² FOB Istanbul by material and gauge — see the bands above. ## Trapezoidal Sheet 45/333 URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/roofing/trapezoidal-sheet-45-333/ Fewer purlins is cheaper steel: with 45/333 at 3.5 m spacing a roof needs a third fewer purlins than with T38. Long-span sheds, hangars and re-roofing jobs over old timber trusses are where this profile earns its place. ### What is Trapezoidal sheet 45/333? The 45/333 belongs to the family of deep, wide-pitch trapezoidals (45/333, 50/250, 60/240 …) that European mills developed for roofs where purlins are far apart: three 45 mm ribs at 333 mm centres with 250 mm-wide pans, a 1 000 mm cover from a 1 250 mm coil, and — because the pans are wide — usually a small stiffening groove in each pan to stop drumming and oil-canning. Section depth is what gives a sheet its span: at 0.70 mm the 45/333 spans about 3.4 m under 0.75 kN/m² against 2.9 m for the T38, and at 1.0 mm it passes 4 m, so a designer can space purlins at 3–3.5 m on a portal frame or lay the sheet directly across trusses at 3 m without secondary purlins — a real saving on the steel frame and on erection. The wide pans also make it the trapezoidal used as a light structural deck: at 0.75–1.0 mm it carries foot traffic and light stored loads on mezzanine and plant platforms, walkways and canopies, and as a permanent shutter for thin concrete toppings where a full composite deck is not needed (for real composite floors see our composite floor deck). It is rolled from S280GD or S320GD galvanized coil — the higher yield matters at these spans — Z275 as standard, or from PPGI for coloured long-span roofs, in 0.50 (walls, close purlins) to 1.0 mm. Handling long deep sheets needs care: they are stiff along the ribs but must be lifted with spreader beams. We roll it to 14 m at Dilovası with flashings, profiled closures and the through-fix screws its 45 mm ribs need. ### Grades, standards and tolerances | Grade / standard | Yield (MPa) | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | S280GD+Z275 (EN 10346) | 280 | the standard for 45/333 | | S320GD+Z275 | 320 | longest spans, deck use | | S350GD+Z275 | 350 | to order, 1.0 mm deck | | DX51D+Z140 | ≈ 140 (not guaranteed) | walls only, 0.50 mm | | PPGI on S280GD | 280 | coloured long-span roofs | _Load-span data are calculated for S280GD minimum; deck spans at 1.0 mm for S320GD._ ### Profile dimensions and span table | Item | 0.50 mm | 0.60 mm | 0.70 mm | 0.80 mm | 1.0 mm | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Rib height / pitch | 45 / 333 mm | same | same | same | same | | Ribs · cover · overall | 3 · 1 000 · 1 060 mm | same | same | same | same | | Weight per m² covered | 4.8 kg | 5.7 kg | 6.7 kg | 7.6 kg | 9.5 kg | | Purlin spacing, 0.75 kN/m² | 2.6 m | 3.0 m | 3.4 m | 3.7 m | 4.2 m | | Purlin spacing, 1.0 kN/m² | 2.3 m | 2.7 m | 3.0 m | 3.3 m | 3.8 m | | Purlin spacing, 1.5 kN/m² | 1.9 m | 2.2 m | 2.5 m | 2.8 m | 3.2 m | | Purlin spacing, 2.5 kN/m² (deck) | — | — | 1.9 m | 2.1 m | 2.5 m | | Wall girt spacing, 0.6 kN/m² | 2.8 m | 3.2 m | 3.6 m | 4.0 m | 4.5 m | | Min. roof slope | 5 % | 5 % | 5 % | 5 % | 5 % | | Max. length | 14 m | 14 m | 14 m | 14 m | 14 m | _Roof values: total load on slope, two-span continuous; deck values: uniformly distributed load with L/200. Wind uplift and fixing pull-out must be checked at these spans; CE load tables per project on request._ ### Material, thickness and weight | Material | Thickness (TCT) | kg/m² covered | Colours | Life (C3 / coastal) | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Galvanized DX51D+Z100 | 0.40–0.50 | 3.6–4.5 | spangle silver | 10–15 / 5–8 yr | cheapest; warehouses, sheds | | Galvanized Z140–Z275 | 0.50–0.70 | 4.5–6.3 | silver | 15–25 / 8–12 yr | exposed roofs, agriculture | | PPGI PE 25 µm on Z100 | 0.40–0.60 | 3.7–5.5 | RAL 9002, 9010, 3009, 7016, 6005 … | 10–15 / 5–8 yr | the standard coloured roof | | PPGI SMP / HDP | 0.50–0.60 | 4.6–5.5 | as above | 15–25 / 10–15 yr | warranty projects | | PPGI PVDF | 0.50–0.70 | 4.6–6.4 | as above | 25–30 / 15–20 yr | façades, Gulf coast | | Aluzinc AZ150 | 0.45–0.60 | 4.0–5.4 | matt silver | 25–30 / 12–15 yr | to order, 10 t | _45/333 is normally S280GD Z275 galvanized 0.60–0.70 mm; PPGI in 9002 and 7016 for coloured long-span roofs._ ### Lengths and stock Galvanized S280GD 0.60 and 0.70 mm are rolled on demand within 5–10 working days at any length to 14 m; 0.50, 0.80 and 1.0 mm, S320GD and PPGI colours are rolled to order in 2–3 weeks. Profiled closures, flashings and 5.5 × 75 mm screws for the 45 mm rib ship with the sheets. ### Fixing, handling and installation Fix through the rib crests at every purlin with 5.5 × 75–90 mm self-drilling screws (the rib is 45 mm) and 19 mm EPDM washers — every rib at every purlin on roofs above 2.5 m spans, side lap one rib stitched at 400 mm, end lap 250 mm with butyl tape (or full-length sheets). Deck use: fix every rib at every support and stitch laps at 300 mm; walk on the pans over supports until fixed. Lift long sheets with a spreader beam and suction or clamp lifters; cut with cold saw or nibbler. Profiled foam closures seal the deep ribs at eaves and ridge. ### Where it is used - Long-span roofs with purlins at 3–4 m - Roofs laid directly on trusses without secondary purlins - Re-roofing over widely spaced timber or steel trusses - Light structural deck for platforms, walkways and canopies - Wall cladding with wide girt spacing - Outer sheet of built-up roofs with spacer systems ### 45/333 vs T38 vs composite deck The T38 is cheaper per m² and enough for purlins at 2–3 m; 45/333 pays where the frame can drop purlins or the sheet must span trusses. For concrete floors on steel, the composite floor deck with its embossed ribs is the right product, not a roofing profile. The overview compares all profiles. ### Price 45/333 is priced per m² by gauge and material on the roofing list, about 20–25 % above T38 for the heavier, higher-grade coil, and follows the galvanized coil price; the bands below are the month\'s indicative FOB Istanbul ranges for galvanized 0.60–0.70 mm and PPGI 0.60 mm. - 45/333 galvanized 0.60–0.70 mm: USD 5.5–6 / m² FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - 45/333 PPGI 0.60 mm: USD 6.1–6.7 / m² FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing 45/333 sheets are packed 20–40 per pack on timber bearers, strapped with edge boards and PE-wrapped, with paper between coloured faces; 2 000–2 400 m² of 6 m sheets fill a 40' HC (≈ 14 t at 0.70 mm), and 12–14 m sheets travel on flat-racks or breakbulk from Derince with spreader-beam lifting. Closures and long screws are boxed separately. HS 7210.41 / 7210.70 or 7308.90. - Moq: 500 m² per gauge - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Galvanized 0.60–0.70: 5–10 working days; PPGI and 1.0 mm 2–3 weeks - Packing: Packs of 20–40 sheets on timber, strapped, PE-wrapped - Container: 40' HC ≈ 2 000–2 400 m² of 6 m sheets; 12–14 m on flat-rack - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (coil), CE DoP (EN 14782), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight above 100 t ### Certificates The order ships with the coil mill\'s EN 10204 3.1 (S280GD / S320GD, zinc mass, paint system) and our CE declaration under EN 14782 with load-span tables for roof and deck use; a project span calculation is supplied on request. ### How to order Specify material (S280GD / S320GD galvanized zinc class, or PPGI colour and system), thickness, sheet lengths and quantities (or the roof plan and purlin spacing for a cutting schedule and span check), deck or roof use, accessories and destination. ### FAQ **What is trapezoidal sheet 45/333?** A deep three-rib profile — 45 mm ribs at 333 mm pitch on a 1 000 mm cover — rolled from S280GD / S320GD galvanized or PPGI coil 0.50–1.0 mm for roofs with purlins at 3–4 m and for light decking. **How far can 45/333 span?** About 3.0 m at 0.60 mm and 3.4 m at 0.70 mm under 0.75 kN/m²; 1.0 mm passes 4 m — see the span table. **Can 45/333 be used as a floor deck?** As a light deck for platforms, walkways and canopies at 0.75–1.0 mm yes; for concrete composite floors use the embossed composite floor deck. **Which grade is used?** S280GD Z275 as standard, S320GD or S350GD for the longest spans and deck gauges; DX51D only for 0.50 mm wall sheet. **What screws does the 45 mm rib need?** 5.5 × 75–90 mm self-drilling screws with 19 mm EPDM washers through the crest at every purlin. ## Galvanized Trapezoidal Sheet URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/roofing/galvanized-trapezoidal-sheet/ Where the roof is a cost and not a colour, it is galvanized: warehouses, workshops, farms, markets, camps. GI trapezoidal is the profile our export customers in Iraq, Nigeria and Kazakhstan buy by the container, and zinc class is the only decision to make. ### What is Galvanized trapezoidal sheet? A galvanized trapezoidal sheet is trapezoidal profile rolled from continuously hot-dip galvanized coil to EN 10346 — steel strip passed through a zinc bath so that both faces carry a metallurgically bonded zinc layer whose mass is the zinc class: Z100 (100 g/m² total, about 7 µm per side), Z140 (10 µm), Z200 (14 µm) and Z275 (20 µm per side). The zinc protects the steel twice: as a barrier, and sacrificially at cut edges and scratches, where it corrodes instead of the steel; the roof\'s life is simply the zinc thickness divided by the corrosion rate of the site — 10–15 years for Z100 inland, 20–25 for Z275, half that within a few kilometres of the sea or in an industrial atmosphere — after which rust appears and the sheet is painted or replaced. Because the profile is rolled after galvanizing, the zinc is continuous over ribs and pans; only the cut ends are bare, and they self-protect for the width of a millimetre or so. The sheet is silver-grey with the spangle pattern of the zinc (minimised spangle on request), reflects heat well (SRI around 50–60 when new) and dulls to a matt grey over the years. We roll GI in our three trapezoidal profiles — 27/150 for walls and liners, 38/151 for roofs, 45/333 for long spans — and the corrugated 18/76, from DX51D (0.40–0.50 mm, walls and standard roofs) or S280GD (0.50–0.70 mm, roofs designed to a span table), in Z100 for dry inland and interior use, Z140 as the export standard, Z275 for coastal, Gulf and agricultural (ammonia) atmospheres. Galvanized flashings, closures and zinc-flake screws complete the roof. ### Grades, standards and tolerances | Grade / standard | Yield (MPa) | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | DX51D+Z100 (EN 10346) | ≈ 140 (not guaranteed) | interior, liners, dry inland — 10–15 yr | | DX51D+Z140 | ≈ 140 | export standard roofs and walls — 15–20 yr | | DX51D / S280GD+Z275 | 140 / 280 | coastal, Gulf, farms — 20–25 yr inland | | S280GD+Z275 | 280 | designed roofs, long spans | | ZM (zinc-magnesium) ZM120–175 | — | coastal alternative, better cut edges, to order | _Zinc mass per EN 10346 is the total of both faces (triple-spot minimum); life estimates for ISO 9223 corrosivity classes C2–C3._ ### Zinc class and expected life | Zinc class | µm per side | C2 rural / dry | C3 urban / inland industrial | C4 coastal (> 1 km) / heavy industry | C5 marine splash / Gulf shoreline | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Z100 | 7 | 15–20 yr | 8–12 yr | 4–6 yr | 2–3 yr | | Z140 | 10 | 20–30 yr | 12–17 yr | 6–8 yr | 3–4 yr | | Z200 | 14 | 30–40 yr | 17–25 yr | 8–12 yr | 4–6 yr | | Z275 | 20 | 40+ yr | 25–35 yr | 12–17 yr | 6–8 yr | | ZM140 (zinc-magnesium) | 10 (≈ Z275 performance) | 40+ yr | 25–35 yr | 12–17 yr | 6–8 yr | | PPGI PE on Z100 (for comparison) | 7 + 25 µm paint | 15–20 yr | 10–15 yr | 5–8 yr | 3–5 yr | _Roofs in agricultural buildings (ammonia) and near cement or fertiliser plants behave like C4. For C4–C5 sites specify Z275 or PVDF-painted sheet and stainless or zinc-flake screws._ ### Profiles, gauges and weight | Profile | Cover width | Gauges | kg/m² (0.50 mm) | Purlin spacing (0.50 mm, 0.75 kN/m²) | Use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Corrugated 18/76 | 1 000 mm | 0.40–0.70 | 4.5 | 1.2 m | sheds, fences, curved roofs | | 27/150 (T27) | 1 050 mm | 0.40–0.60 | 4.7 | 1.5 m | walls, liners, light roofs | | 38/151 (T38) | 906 mm | 0.40–0.70 | 5.5 | 2.1 m | industrial roofs | | 45/333 | 1 000 mm | 0.50–1.0 | 4.8 | 2.6 m | long-span roofs, decks | _Weights per m² covered, Z140; add ≈ 0.1 kg/m² for Z275._ ### Lengths and stock GI T38 and T27 in 0.40 and 0.50 mm Z100 / Z140 are rolled continuously and available within a week in any length to 14 m; Z275, 0.60–0.70 mm and 45/333 in 1–2 weeks. Galvanized ridge, eaves and verge flashings, closures and zinc-flake screws ship with the sheets; VCI paper and desiccant for sea freight on request. ### Fixing, storage and painting later Fix through the rib crests with zinc-flake or stainless self-drilling screws and EPDM washers at every purlin (see the profile pages for patterns); cut with shears or nibbler and touch up cut edges with zinc-rich paint on coastal sites. Store packs dry, sloped and ventilated — wet-storage stain (white rust) forms when packed sheets get wet; open packs that arrive damp. A galvanized roof can be painted after 6–12 months of weathering (or after etch priming) to extend its life once the zinc dulls. ### Where it is used - Warehouse, workshop and factory roofs and walls - Agricultural buildings, stores and stables - Camps, markets, temporary and relief buildings - Liner sheets and ceilings - Fences, hoardings and enclosures - Re-roofing on a budget ### Galvanized vs PPGI vs aluzinc PPGI trapezoidal adds 25 µm of paint and a colour for 15–25 % more, with roughly the same life inland and a better one coastal; aluzinc (to order) lasts longest bare. Galvanized is the price leader and the right choice for utilitarian buildings, liners and dry climates — and it can be painted later. The roofing overview compares all materials. ### Price Galvanized trapezoidal is the base price of the roofing list — per m² by gauge and zinc class (Z140 adds about 0.10 USD/m², Z275 0.25) — and follows the galvanized coil price; the bands below are the month\'s indicative FOB Istanbul ranges for 0.40 and 0.50 mm. Flashings per metre, screws per hundred. - GI trapezoidal 0.40 mm: USD 3.8–4.2 / m² FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - GI trapezoidal 0.50 mm: USD 4.3–4.8 / m² FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Galvanized sheets ship in packs of 30–60 on timber bearers, strapped with edge boards, PE-wrapped and — for sea freight — with VCI paper and desiccant to prevent wet-storage stain; packs are labelled with profile, gauge, zinc class, length and count. A 40' HC holds 2 400–3 200 m² of 6 m sheets depending on profile (≈ 12–14 t); 12–14 m sheets on flat-rack from Derince. HS 7210.41 / 7308.90. - Moq: 300 m² per profile and gauge - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Z100 / Z140 0.40–0.50 mm: 3–7 working days; Z275 and 0.60–0.70 mm 1–2 weeks - Packing: Packs of 30–60 sheets on timber, strapped, PE-wrapped; VCI paper for sea freight - Container: 40' HC ≈ 2 400–3 200 m² of 6 m sheets by profile; long sheets on flat-rack - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (coil), CE DoP (EN 14782), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight above 100 t ### Certificates Supplied with the coil mill\'s EN 10204 3.1 stating grade and zinc mass (triple-spot / single-spot) and our CE declaration of performance under EN 14782 for the profile; SASO, SONCAP and third-party inspection certificates on request for Gulf and West African destinations. ### How to order Specify profile, thickness, zinc class (Z100 / Z140 / Z275), grade if designed (S280GD), sheet lengths and quantities or the roof m² and slope, flashings and screws, and the destination climate so we can confirm the zinc class. ### FAQ **What is galvanized trapezoidal sheet?** Trapezoidal roofing and cladding sheet rolled from hot-dip galvanized coil (Z100–Z275 zinc) without paint — silver, the cheapest metal roof, 10–25 years of life inland depending on zinc class. **Z100, Z140 or Z275 — which zinc class?** Z100 for interiors, liners and dry inland sites; Z140 as the export standard for roofs and walls; Z275 for coastal, Gulf, agricultural and industrial atmospheres. **How long does a galvanized roof last?** Z140: 20–30 years rural, 12–17 urban, 6–8 coastal; Z275 roughly double — see the life table. It can be painted when the zinc dulls. **What causes white rust on new sheets?** Wet-storage stain: packed sheets that got wet in transit or storage. Store packs dry, sloped and ventilated; light staining is cosmetic. **Galvanized or coloured (PPGI) sheet?** Galvanized for cost and utilitarian buildings; PPGI where colour, heat reflection or a longer coastal life matter — 15–25 % more per m². **What is the price of GI roofing sheet?** Per m² FOB Istanbul by gauge — see the bands above; it follows the galvanized coil price. ## PPGI Trapezoidal Sheet URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/roofing/ppgi-trapezoidal-sheet/ A coloured roof is a PPGI roof: the paint is applied to the coil at the mill, so the colour is even from the first sheet to the last flashing. We keep the six stock colours in coil and roll the roof, the walls and the trims from the same batch. ### What is PPGI trapezoidal sheet? PPGI — pre-painted galvanized iron, colour-coated steel — is galvanized coil that has been cleaned, chromated or phosphated, primed and top-coated in a continuous coil-coating line to EN 10169: a 5 µm primer and a 20 µm polyester top coat on the face, a 5–8 µm backing coat on the reverse, over Z100–Z140 zinc on DX51D or S280GD steel. Because the paint is cured on the flat coil at 230 °C it is harder, more uniform and better bonded than any post-painting, and it survives the roll-forming of the trapezoidal profile without cracking (polyester is flexible to a 2T bend). The result is a roof that comes in colour, reflects or absorbs heat according to that colour, lasts 10–15 years in a temperate inland climate on standard PE and 20–30 with SMP, HDP or PVDF systems, and — because the zinc is still there — behaves like a galvanized roof at scratches and cut edges. We roll PPGI in all our profiles: 27/150 for walls, 38/151 for roofs, 45/333 for long spans and 18/76 corrugated; from stock coil in six colours — RAL 9002 grey white (the industrial standard), 9010 pure white, 3009 oxide red, 7016 anthracite, 6005 moss green and 1018 zinc yellow — and from any RAL or a customer colour on a 10 t coil order. Gauges 0.40 mm for walls and light roofs, 0.50 mm as the standard roof, 0.60–0.70 mm for snow and long spans. The trims — ridge, eaves, verge, corner and window flashings, gutters — are folded from the same coil, and screws come with painted heads, so the whole envelope is one colour batch. ### Grades, standards and tolerances | Grade / standard | Yield (MPa) | Note | | --- | --- | --- | | PPGI PE 25 µm on DX51D+Z100 | ≈ 140 (not guaranteed) | stock; roofs and walls inland — 10–15 yr | | PPGI PE on Z140 | ≈ 140 | exposed sites, better edge life | | PPGI SMP / HDP 25 µm on Z140–Z275 | ≈ 140 / 280 | warranty projects — 15–25 yr | | PPGI PVDF 25–35 µm on Z275 | ≈ 140 / 280 | Gulf coast, façades — 25–30 yr, to order | | PPGI on S280GD | 280 | designed roofs, 45/333 spans | _Paint systems per EN 10169; colour to RAL 841-GL, ΔE ≤ 1 within a batch; T-bend ≤ 2T, gloss 30–40 (matt 5–15 on request)._ ### Stock colours and what each is used for | RAL | Colour | Solar reflectance | Typical building | Note | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 9002 | Grey white | ≈ 70 % | warehouses, factories, panels | the standard; cool roof | | 9010 | Pure white | ≈ 75 % | food, cold-store, retail | brightest; shows dirt | | 3009 | Oxide red | ≈ 30 % | houses, rural, tile-look roofs | light-fast iron oxide | | 7016 | Anthracite grey | ≈ 25 % | modern architecture, fences | hot in sun; matt available | | 6005 | Moss green | ≈ 25 % | agricultural, landscape-sensitive | planning-friendly | | 1018 | Zinc yellow | ≈ 55 % | branding, safety | HDP / PVDF outdoors | | Other RAL | any | — | projects | 10 t coil, 2–4 weeks | _Dark colours reach 70–80 °C in summer sun — insulate or ventilate below and allow thermal movement in long sheets._ ### Coating systems and life | System | Top coat | Life to first maintenance (C3) | Colour retention | Specify for | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | PE polyester | 20–25 µm | 10–15 yr | fair (dark colours fade) | standard roofs and walls, stock | | SMP | 25 µm | 15–20 yr | good | coastal, 15-yr warranty | | HDP | 25 µm | 20–25 yr | very good | high UV, dark colours | | PVDF | 25–35 µm | 25–30 yr | excellent | Gulf, façades, colour guarantee | | Matt-textured PE | 25 µm | 10–15 yr | hides marks | architectural 7016 / 9005 | _All systems on Z100–Z275 zinc; the zinc class matters as much as the paint at cut edges and scratches._ ### Lengths and stock Six colours in 0.40–0.50 mm PE are held in coil and rolled into any profile within 3–7 working days; 0.60–0.70 mm, matt, SMP / HDP / PVDF and other RAL colours are ordered as 10 t coils in 2–4 weeks. Flashings, gutters, closures and painted-head screws are made and packed with the sheets in the same colour batch. ### Fixing, handling and colour matching Fix as for the profile (crest screws with EPDM washers and painted heads; stitched laps); keep the protective film or paper on until installed and remove within 6 months; never drag sheets over each other — the paint scratches to zinc. Cut with shears or nibbler (an abrasive disc burns the paint and throws hot swarf that rusts on the surface — sweep the roof at the end of each day). Touch up cut edges and scratches with the matching PPGI repair paint we supply. Order roof, wall, flashings and gutters together for one colour batch; a second batch may differ by a visible ΔE. ### Where it is used - Coloured roofs of warehouses, factories and commercial buildings - Wall cladding in corporate or architectural colours - Residential and rural roofs (3009, 8004, 7016) - Agricultural and landscape-sensitive buildings (6005) - Food, cold-store and retail buildings (9010) - Fences, gates, canopies and carports ### PPGI vs galvanized vs sandwich panel Galvanized trapezoidal is 15–25 % cheaper and fine where colour does not matter; PPGI adds colour, heat control and longer coastal life. Where the roof must also insulate, the sandwich panel with PPGI skins replaces sheet plus insulation plus liner. For the coil itself see PPGI coil. ### Price PPGI trapezoidal is priced per m² by gauge, colour and paint system on the roofing list — 9002 PE is the base coloured price, other colours add a small premium, SMP / PVDF more — and follows the galvanized coil and paint indices; the bands below are the month\'s indicative FOB Istanbul ranges for 0.40 and 0.50 mm PE. Flashings per metre, gutters per metre, screws per hundred. - PPGI trapezoidal 0.40 mm: USD 4.5–5 / m² FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - PPGI trapezoidal 0.50 mm: USD 5.1–5.7 / m² FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing PPGI sheets are packed 30–50 per pack with kraft paper between every sheet (PE film on request), strapped on timber bearers with edge boards and PE-wrapped, each pack labelled with profile, colour, system, gauge, length and count; 2 400–3 200 m² of 6 m sheets per 40' HC by profile, long sheets on flat-rack from Derince. Flashings, gutters and screws travel in the same load, boxed by colour. HS 7210.70 / 7308.90. - Moq: 300 m² per stock colour; 10 t coil for a special colour - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau - Lead: Stock colours: 3–7 working days; other RAL and PVDF 2–4 weeks (10 t coil) - Packing: Packs of 30–50 sheets with paper interleaving, PE film on request, strapped on timber, PE-wrapped - Container: 40' HC ≈ 2 400–3 200 m² of 6 m sheets by profile; long sheets on flat-rack - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1 (coil), CE DoP (EN 14782), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight above 100 t ### Certificates Each order ships with the coil mill\'s EN 10204 3.1 (substrate grade, zinc mass, paint system and thickness), the paint supplier\'s colour and gloss data, our CE declaration under EN 14782 and, for SMP / HDP / PVDF, the coating warranty document; a colour-match plate is sent before rolling on request. ### How to order Specify profile, thickness, RAL colour (or sample), paint system (PE / matt / SMP / HDP / PVDF), zinc class, sheet lengths and quantities or the building drawings, flashings / gutters / closures / screws, and destination; list all items of the project so they come from one colour batch. ### FAQ **What is PPGI trapezoidal sheet?** Trapezoidal roofing and cladding sheet rolled from pre-painted galvanized coil — zinc plus a factory-cured 25 µm colour coat — in RAL colours; the coloured metal roof of industrial and residential building. **Which colours are in stock?** RAL 9002 grey white, 9010 pure white, 3009 oxide red, 7016 anthracite, 6005 moss green and 1018 zinc yellow in 0.40–0.50 mm; any other RAL on a 10 t coil order in 2–4 weeks. **How long does a PPGI roof last?** 10–15 years to first maintenance on standard polyester inland, 15–25 with SMP / HDP and 25–30 with PVDF; coastal and Gulf sites need SMP / PVDF and Z275 zinc. **PE, SMP or PVDF — which paint system?** PE for standard roofs and walls; SMP / HDP for coastal sites, dark colours and 15–20-year warranties; PVDF for the Gulf, façades and 25-year colour guarantees. **Do you make matching flashings and gutters?** Yes — folded from the same coil batch as the sheets, with painted-head screws, so the whole envelope is one colour. **What is the price of PPGI roofing sheet?** Per m² FOB Istanbul by gauge, colour and system — see the bands above; about 15–25 % above galvanized. ## Composite Floor Deck Sheet URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/roofing/composite-floor-deck/ The deck that turns a steel frame into floors: galvanized trapezoidal profiles 50, 60 and 75 mm deep with embossed webs so the concrete bonds and the sheet becomes the slab reinforcement — no propping up to 3.5 m spans, no formwork, 300–500 m² per day per crew. Rolled from S350GD+Z275 coil on our own lines in 0.70–1.20 mm, cut to bay length, delivered with edge trim, closures and shear studs. ### What is a decking sheet? A composite floor deck is a galvanized steel profile laid across the floor beams and covered with concrete: during construction it is the formwork and working platform, and after the concrete cures it acts as the bottom reinforcement of the slab, bonded to the concrete by embossed ribs and re-entrant (dovetail) troughs. The result is a 100–150 mm slab that needs no plywood formwork, little or no propping and 40–60% less reinforcement than a flat slab — the standard floor of multi-storey steel-framed offices, hotels, car parks, hospitals and mezzanines. Shear studs welded through the deck onto the beams make the beam composite too. ### Profiles | Profile | Depth | Cover width | Thickness | Concrete volume (mm slab)* | Max. unpropped span (1.0 mm) | Use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 50/1000 (open trapezoidal) | 50 mm | 1 000 mm | 0.70–1.20 | 0.075 m³/m² at 100 mm | 2.4–2.8 m | Light floors, mezzanines, roofs with screed | | 60/940 (re-entrant / dovetail) | 60 mm | 940 mm | 0.75–1.20 | 0.095 m³/m² at 120 mm | 2.8–3.2 m | Offices, hotels, car parks — most ordered | | 75/750 (deep trapezoidal) | 75 mm | 750 mm | 0.80–1.20 | 0.105 m³/m² at 130 mm | 3.2–3.6 m | Long spans, heavy floors, car parks | | Roof deck (no embossment) | 50 / 75 mm | 1 000 / 750 | 0.70–1.00 | — | 2.0–3.0 m | Roofs under insulation and membrane | _* including the profile troughs. Embossed webs on composite profiles; 20 mm stiffening ribs on wide flanges._ ### Span and load table | Profile / thickness | Slab 100 mm | Slab 120 mm | Slab 130 mm | Slab 150 mm | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 50/1000 × 0.75 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 1.9 | | 50/1000 × 1.00 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.3 | | 60/940 × 0.75 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.2 | | 60/940 × 1.00 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 2.6 | | 60/940 × 1.20 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 2.9 | | 75/750 × 0.80 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.6 | | 75/750 × 1.00 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 2.9 | | 75/750 × 1.20 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.2 | _Composite-stage capacity (after curing) typically 5–15 kN/m² imposed at these spans; full tables per EN 1994-1-1 and EN 1993-1-3 on the datasheet; the structural engineer confirms._ ### Material and coating S280GD or S350GD+Z275 to EN 10346 (design yield 280/350 MPa), zinc 275 g/m² both sides — the deck stays exposed on the underside, so Z275 is the minimum; ZM (zinc-magnesium) for car parks with de-icing salt and coastal buildings. Thickness 0.70–1.20 mm base metal (0.75 and 1.00 are the export standards). Tolerances per EN 10143 / EN 508-1. ### Accessories - Edge trims (Z and L, 1.2–2.0 mm) to slab depth, for perimeter and openings - End closures and flashings for open profiles at beams - Shear studs Ø19 × 100/125 mm (EN ISO 13918) with ferrules, through-deck welded - Self-drilling screws / powder-actuated fasteners for deck-to-beam fixing - Side-lap stitching screws, restraint straps - Anti-crack mesh (A142/A193) supplied on request with the container ### Installation notes Sheets are laid with the embossed ribs up, continuous over two or three spans where possible, fixed to every beam at 300 mm centres and stitched at side laps at 600 mm; props are placed only where the span table requires. Shear studs are welded through the deck onto clean, unpainted beam flanges before concreting. Concrete C25/30 minimum, poured with a pump, 100–150 mm total depth; anti-crack mesh 30 mm below the top surface. Cut openings after concreting where possible; trim large openings with edge trim and back-propping. ### Deck vs precast vs timber formwork | | Composite deck | Precast hollow-core | In-situ on timber formwork | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Weight of slab | 2.2–3.0 kN/m² | 3.0–4.5 kN/m² | 3.6–4.8 kN/m² | | Formwork | None (deck) | None | Plywood + props | | Propping | Little / none to 3.5 m | None | Full | | Speed | 300–500 m²/day laying | Crane-dependent | Slow | | Craneage | Light bundles | Heavy units | Light | | Cost of floor | 1.00 | 1.05–1.20 | 1.10–1.30 | | Best for | Steel frames, mezzanines, irregular plans | Long spans, precast frames | Small or complex jobs | ### Decking sheet price per m² Indicative FOB Istanbul bands per m² from our weekly export list for 60/940 in 0.70, 1.00 and 1.20 mm S350GD+Z275, full-container quantities; 75/750 is 8–12% above 60/940 at equal thickness; edge trims, closures and studs are priced per metre and per piece. - Deck 0.70 mm: USD 6.3–6.9 / m² FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - Deck 1.00 mm: USD 8.8–9.7 / m² FOB Istanbul (indicative band) - Deck 1.20 mm: USD 10.5–11.6 / m² FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Sheets nested in packs of 30–60 (1.0–2.5 t), strapped on bearers, labelled per bay; 40' HC takes about 2 000–2 800 m² (20–24 t) up to 11.8 m, trucks to 13.5 m. HS code 7216.61 / 7308.90 (parts of structures). - Moq: 1 × 40' HC (≈ 2 000–2 800 m²) or 1 truck; mixed with purlins and sheet - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau / Almaty - Lead: 7–12 working days from length list - Packing: Nested packs 30–60 sheets (1.0–2.5 t) on bearers, strapped, labelled per bay - Container: 40' HC ≈ 2 000–2 800 m² (20–24 t, ≤ 11.8 m) · truck ≤ 13.5 m - Docs: Invoice, packing list per pack, EN 10204 3.1, design tables, CE (EN 1090) on request, certificate of origin - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight via London office ### Certificates EN 10204 3.1 for the coil (grade, zinc), our dimensional record, CE declaration under EN 1090-1 for the structural sheet on request, design tables to EN 1994-1-1, certificate of origin; SASO, SONCAP, COC, EAC arranged. ### How to order Send the floor plan or a length list per bay, profile, thickness, slab depth, accessories (trims, studs, mesh) and port. We confirm the cutting list and quote per m² with pack plan, weight and lead time (7–12 working days). ### FAQ **What is a decking sheet?** A galvanized trapezoidal steel profile laid on the floor beams that serves as formwork during construction and as the bottom reinforcement of the concrete slab afterwards (composite action through embossed ribs) — the standard floor of steel-framed buildings. **What thickness of deck do I need?** 0.75 mm for spans to 2.5–2.7 m, 1.00 mm for 2.9–3.3 m, 1.20 mm for 3.4–3.9 m unpropped (60/940 and 75/750 profiles, 120–130 mm slab); see the span table and confirm with the engineer. **Does composite deck need propping?** Not within the spans in the table; beyond them a line of props at mid-span during concreting lets the deck span up to 4.5–5 m. **What is the price of decking sheet per m²?** See the indicative FOB Istanbul bands above for 60/940 in 0.70–1.20 mm; 75/750 8–12% more; trims and studs extra. Firm price per floor plan within one working day. **How many m² of deck fit in a container?** About 2 000–2 800 m² per 40' HC (20–24 t) depending on thickness and length (max 11.8 m); trucks carry up to 13.5 m lengths. **Do you supply shear studs and edge trims?** Yes — Ø19 studs with ferrules, Z/L edge trims to slab depth, closures, fasteners and anti-crack mesh, packed with the deck. **Do you manufacture the deck yourselves?** Yes — roll-formed on our own line in Dilovası from S350GD+Z275 coil, cut to your bay lengths. ## Metal Roof Tile Sheet URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/roofing/tile-profile-sheet/ The look of clay tiles at a tenth of the weight: PPGI tile-profile sheet with a 350 mm step, 0.40–0.60 mm, in brown, terracotta, green, anthracite or matt textured RAL colours, pressed and cut to rafter length on our own line. 4–5 kg/m² instead of 40–50 for clay, one sheet covers 1.1 m width × the full rafter, fixed in a day with matching ridge, valley and eave flashings — the standard roof for housing projects from Iraq to Nigeria. ### What is tile-profile roofing sheet? A tile-profile sheet is a trapezoidal PPGI sheet that passes through a second pressing station which stamps a transverse step every 350 mm, so the finished roof reads as rows of tiles. It keeps the advantages of a metal sheet — one piece from ridge to eave, 4–5 kg/m², screw-fixed to battens or purlins, watertight on pitches from 12° — with the appearance clients want on villas, housing schemes, hotels, mosques, schools and renovations over old tile or asbestos roofs. Substrate is galvanized (Z140–Z275) or aluzinc (AZ150) with a polyester, matt textured or PVDF top coat. ### Profile and dimensions | Item | Value | | --- | --- | | Step (tile length) | 350 mm (300 / 400 on request) | | Step height | 20–25 mm | | Rib height / pitch | 40 mm / 183–197 mm (6 ribs) | | Cover width | 1 100 mm (sheet 1 180) or 1 180 mm (sheet 1 250) | | Thickness (BMT) | 0.40 / 0.45 / 0.50 / 0.60 mm | | Length | Cut to rafter length, multiple of 350 mm + 50, max 8 000 mm | | Weight | 3.6 kg/m² (0.40) · 4.5 kg/m² (0.50) · 5.4 kg/m² (0.60) | | Batten / purlin spacing | 350 mm (one per step) or 700 mm (0.50 mm+) | | Minimum pitch | 12° (14° for lengths > 6 m) | | Side lap | One rib (+ sealant in high wind) | | End lap | One step (350 mm), sealed | ### Colours and coatings | RAL | Colour | Finish | Availability | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 8017 | Chocolate brown | PE gloss / matt textured | Stock — most ordered | | 3009 | Oxide red (terracotta) | PE gloss / matt | Stock | | 3005 | Wine red | PE gloss / matt | Stock | | 6005 | Moss green | PE gloss | Stock | | 7016 | Anthracite grey | PE / matt | Stock | | 9002 / 9010 | Grey white / white | PE | Stock | | 8004 | Copper brown | Matt textured | 2–3 weeks | | Any RAL / stone-coated look | — | PE, PVDF, textured | 5 t per colour, 2–4 weeks | _Matt textured polyester (30–35 µm) hides scratches and glare and is the premium choice for villas; PVDF for Gulf sun and 25-year colour retention._ ### Flashings and accessories - Ridge cap (round or angular) with foam closures - Hip, valley (with lips), eave / drip, verge and wall flashings in the same colour - Ridge end caps, snow guards, roof vents, chimney kits - Self-drilling screws 4.8 × 35 mm with EPDM washers, colour heads — 8–10 per m² - Profile foam fillers, sealant, butyl tape - Gutters and downpipes (half-round or box), brackets - Galvanized battens (omega) or C purlins from the same plant ### Installation notes Battens at 350 mm (every step) on rafters at 600–1 000 mm, or purlins at 700 mm for 0.50 mm+ sheets; start at the eave corner opposite the prevailing wind, lay sheets bottom to top with the step facing down-slope, fix through the trough just below the step (2 screws per rib per batten at eaves and ridge, alternate ribs in the field); ridge and hip caps last. Walk on the batten lines. Roof of 200 m²: two men, one day. ### Metal tile vs clay / concrete tile vs trapezoidal sheet | | Metal tile sheet | Clay / concrete tile | Trapezoidal sheet | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Weight | 4–5 kg/m² | 40–55 kg/m² | 4–5 kg/m² | | Structure | Light battens / purlins | Heavy rafters, close battens | Purlins 1.5–2.5 m | | Installation | 1 day / 200 m² | 3–5 days / 200 m² | 1 day / 250 m² | | Appearance | Tile look, many colours | Traditional | Industrial | | Life | 20–30 yr (PE), 30+ (PVDF) | 50+ yr | 20–30 yr | | Cost per m² (material) | 1.0 | 1.5–2.5 | 0.85–0.95 | | Min. pitch | 12° | 22–30° | 5–8° | | Best for | Villas, housing, renovations | Traditional / heritage | Industrial, agricultural | ### Metal roof tile price per m² Indicative FOB Istanbul band per m² of cover from our weekly export list for 0.50 mm PPGI tile profile in stock colours, full-container quantities; 0.40 mm about 15% less, 0.60 mm 15–20% more, matt textured +5–8%, PVDF +15–20%; flashings per metre. Price per sheet = band × 1.1 m × length. - Tile profile 0.50 mm PPGI: USD 5.7–6.3 / m² FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Sheets nested in packs of 50–80 (1.0–2.0 t) with film interleaving, on bearers, strapped; flashings bundled; screws boxed. A 40' HC takes 3 000–4 000 m² (13–16 t) up to 8 m long. HS code 7210.70 / 7308.90. - Moq: 1 × 40' HC (≈ 3 000–4 000 m²) or 1 truck; colours mixed - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, West and East Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau / Almaty - Lead: 7–12 working days after colour and length confirmation - Packing: Packs 50–80 sheets (1.0–2.0 t), film interleaved, on bearers, strapped; flashings bundled - Container: 40' HC ≈ 3 000–4 000 m² (13–16 t) · truck ≈ 4 000–5 000 m² - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1, coating certificate, CE (EN 14782), certificate of origin; SASO / SONCAP / EAC on request - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight via London office ### Certificates EN 10204 3.1 for the coil, coating certificate (system, thickness, colour), CE declaration to EN 14782, certificate of origin; SASO, SONCAP, EAC on request. ### How to order Send the roof plan or a length list, colour and finish, thickness, accessories and port. We return the cutting list for approval and quote per m², per sheet and per accessory with weight and lead time (7–12 working days). ### FAQ **How much does a metal roof tile sheet weigh?** 3.6 kg/m² at 0.40 mm, 4.5 kg/m² at 0.50 mm, 5.4 kg/m² at 0.60 mm — about a tenth of clay or concrete tiles, so the roof structure can be lighter. **What thickness should I choose?** 0.40–0.45 mm for budget housing with battens at 350 mm; 0.50 mm as the standard for villas and projects (battens 350 or purlins 700 mm); 0.60 mm for large roofs and heavy snow. **What is the minimum roof pitch?** 12° (about 21%), 14° for sheets longer than 6 m; below that use a trapezoidal or standing-seam sheet. **Which colours are available?** Stock: brown 8017, terracotta 3009, wine red 3005, green 6005, anthracite 7016, white 9002/9010, in gloss or matt textured; any RAL or PVDF from 5 t per colour. **Do you supply the ridge, valley and flashings?** Yes — all flashings in the same coil and colour, foam closures, screws, gutters and battens are added to the same container. **What is the price per m²?** See the indicative FOB Istanbul band above for 0.50 mm PPGI stock colours; per sheet = band × 1.1 m × length. Firm price per roof plan within one working day. **Can the sheets be walked on?** Yes on the batten lines; the step and ribs stiffen the sheet. Use crawling boards over long unsupported areas during installation. **Do you manufacture the tile sheets yourselves?** Yes — roll-formed and step-pressed on our own line in Dilovası from PPGI and aluzinc coil, cut to your rafter lengths. ## Standing Seam Roof Panels URL: https://omegasteelco.com/products/roofing/standing-seam/ The roof with no visible screws: standing seam panels roll-formed from 0.60–0.80 mm PPGI, aluzinc or aluminium, joined at 25 or 38 mm raised seams and held by hidden clips that let the metal expand — watertight from a 3° pitch, curved or tapered, 30–50 years with PVDF paint. Snap-lock for pitches over 7° and fast installation, double-lock mechanically seamed for low pitches, long panels and high wind. Cut to full rafter length on our line, or seamed on site with our mobile machine for lengths beyond 13.5 m. ### What is a standing seam roof? A standing seam roof is made of long metal pans whose edges are turned up and joined above the water line — the seam "stands" 25–38 mm proud of the pan. The pans are not screwed through: concealed clips fixed to the deck or purlins hold the seam and let each panel slide as it expands, so there are no holes, no washers to age and no thermal buckling on 20 m runs. Two seam types: snap-lock, where the male edge clicks over the clip and female edge by hand (fast, pitch ≥ 7°), and double-lock (mechanically seamed), where a seaming machine folds the seam 180° twice for a watertight joint at pitches down to 3°, in high wind and on very long or curved roofs. Standing seam is the system for architectural roofs, stadiums, terminals, mosques, schools, hotels, curved canopies and re-roofing over old metal or membrane roofs. ### Systems and profiles | System | Seam | Pan width | Material / thickness | Min. pitch | Clip | Typical use | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Snap-lock 25 | 25 mm, click | 300 / 400 / 500 mm | PPGI 0.60–0.70, alu 0.7–0.9 | 7° | Fixed / sliding clip | Villas, schools, commercial, fast install | | Double-lock 25 | 25 mm, 180° seamed | 400 / 500 / 600 mm | PPGI/PPGL 0.60–0.80, alu 0.8–1.0 | 3° | Sliding clip | Low-pitch roofs, long runs, wind zones | | Double-lock 38 | 38 mm, seamed | 400 / 500 mm | PPGI/PPGL 0.70–0.80, alu 0.9–1.0 | 3° | Sliding clip on thermal halter | Large roofs, stadiums, terminals, curved | | Snap-lock 38 striated | 38 mm, click, striated pan | 400 / 500 mm | PPGI 0.60–0.70 | 5° | Fixed / sliding | Flat-looking pans without oil-canning | | Curved / tapered | Any of the above | 300–500 mm | 0.70–0.80 | 3° | Sliding | Barrel-vault roofs, conical roofs (site-curved) | _Striations (mini-ribs) in the pan reduce oil-canning; pencil ribs and flat pans on request._ ### Materials and finishes | Material | Thickness | Coating | Life | Where | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | PPGI (galvanized Z275 + PVDF 35 µm) | 0.60–0.80 mm | PVDF, any RAL, matt or metallic | 30–40 yr | Standard for projects — colour stability | | PPGI polyester | 0.60–0.70 mm | PE 25 µm | 15–20 yr | Budget roofs, inland | | PPGL (aluzinc AZ150 + PVDF) | 0.60–0.80 mm | PVDF | 35–45 yr | Coastal, humid, longest steel life | | Aluminium 3105 / 5754 | 0.7–1.0 mm | PVDF, mill, anodised look | 50+ yr | Coastal, curved roofs, lightest (2–3 kg/m²) | | Zinc-magnesium ZM310 + PVDF | 0.60–0.80 mm | PVDF | 40+ yr | Cut-edge protection, 40-year warranties | ### Clips, substructure and thermal movement Panels are fixed only through clips: fixed clips at the ridge (or mid-length on long panels) and sliding clips elsewhere, screwed to a plywood/OSB deck, a steel liner deck, or directly to purlins with thermal halters (polyamide feet) that break the thermal bridge. Panel length is unlimited in principle — 40–60 m runs are common — because each panel slides on its clips; expansion is 1.2 mm per metre per 100 °C for steel, twice that for aluminium, taken up at the eave and ridge details. Clip spacing 400–600 mm per wind-uplift calculation (EN 1991-1-4); corner and edge zones get closer spacing. ### Weight, lengths and packing 0.70 mm PPGI panel with 500 mm pan: about 6.5 kg/m² of roof; aluminium 0.9 mm: 3.3 kg/m². Factory lengths to 13.5 m (11.8 m for a 40' HC); longer panels are roll-formed on site from coil with our mobile machine (container-mounted, 3-phase power) — the standard approach for stadiums, terminals and any roof over 12 m rafter. Panels are film-protected, nested in crates of 20–40 with foam spacers, and lifted with spreader bars. ### Details and accessories - Ridge: vented or sealed ridge cap on Z closures with foam / metal fillers - Eave: drip edge with clip strip, gutter behind fascia or box gutter - Verge / gable: seam-hook or cover flashing - Penetrations: seam clamps for snow guards, solar rails, walkways (no drilling) - Curbs and flashings for vents, rooflights, chimneys - Underlay: vapour-permeable membrane on deck; anti-condensation fleece on purlin systems - Seaming machines (double-lock) supplied on rental with the project ### Standing seam vs trapezoidal vs membrane | | Standing seam | Trapezoidal sheet | Single-ply membrane | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Fixings | Hidden clips | Screws through crest | Adhered / mechanically fixed | | Min. pitch | 3° (double-lock) | 5–8° | 1° | | Panel length | Unlimited (site-formed) | ≤ 13.5 m, end laps | Rolls | | Look | Architectural, clean lines | Industrial | Flat | | Life | 30–50 yr | 20–30 yr | 15–25 yr | | Cost per m² (material) | 1.8–2.5 | 1.0 | 1.2–1.8 | | Best for | Public, commercial, curved, low-pitch | Industrial, agricultural | Flat roofs | ### Standing seam price per m² Priced per m² per project: as a guide, 0.70 mm PVDF PPGI double-lock 25 mm panels with clips run 2–2.5× the trapezoidal-sheet band per m² FOB Istanbul (see the trapezoidal sheet page), aluminium about 1.4–1.6× the steel panel; site roll-forming, flashings and underlay are quoted per project. Firm price per roof plan within two working days. - Standing seam 0.60–0.80 mm: on request / m² FOB Istanbul (indicative band) ### Export and packing Crates of 20–40 panels with foam spacers and film, max 11.8 m in a 40' HC (≈ 2 000–3 000 m²); coil plus mobile roll-former for site production of long panels. HS code 7210.70 (steel) / 7606.12 (aluminium) / 7308.90 (system parts). - Moq: 800 m² (one project); best freight from 1 × 40' HC - Incoterms: FOB Istanbul · CIF / CFR Gulf, Africa · DAP EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus · DAP Aktau / Almaty - Lead: 10–15 working days from drawing approval; site roll-forming scheduled per project - Packing: Crates 20–40 panels, foam spacers, film; spreader-bar lifting - Container: 40' HC ≈ 2 000–3 000 m² (≤ 11.8 m) · coil + mobile roll-former for longer panels - Docs: Invoice, packing list, EN 10204 3.1, coating certificate, CE (EN 14782), clip test reports, certificate of origin - Payment: 30% advance, balance against B/L copy; L/C at sight via London office; project terms per contract ### Certificates EN 10204 3.1 for coil, coating certificate, CE to EN 14782, wind-uplift clip test reports, certificate of origin; SASO, SONCAP, EAC on request; installer training and site supervision available. ### How to order Send the roof drawings (plan, pitches, rafter lengths, deck or purlin substructure), material and colour, seam type, and port. We return the panel layout, clip plan and a quote per m² with crates, weights and lead time (10–15 working days), or the site roll-forming option for long roofs. ### FAQ **What is the difference between snap-lock and mechanically seamed standing seam?** Snap-lock panels click together by hand over the clips (fast, pitch ≥ 7°); mechanically seamed (double-lock) panels are folded 180° twice by a seaming machine for a watertight joint at 3° pitch, in high wind and on long or curved roofs. **What is the minimum pitch for a standing seam roof?** 3° (about 5%) for double-lock seamed panels with sealed seams, 7° for snap-lock; below 3° use a membrane. **How much does a standing seam metal roof cost?** Material about 2–2.5× a trapezoidal sheet per m² (0.70 mm PVDF steel with clips), aluminium 1.4–1.6× the steel panel; plus flashings, underlay and installation. Firm price per roof plan within two working days. **How long can the panels be?** 13.5 m from the factory (11.8 m in a container); on site our mobile roll-former makes panels of any length from coil — 40–60 m runs are common on stadiums and terminals. **Steel or aluminium?** PVDF-coated steel (PPGI/PPGL) for most projects — stiffer, cheaper, 30–40 years; aluminium for coastal sites, curved roofs and the lightest weight, 50+ years at 40–60% more. **Can solar panels be fixed to a standing seam roof?** Yes — with seam clamps that grip the seam without drilling, which is one of the main reasons the system is chosen for solar-ready roofs. **Do you supply the seaming machine and installer support?** Yes — seaming machines on rental, clip and layout drawings, installer training and site supervision on request. **Do you manufacture the panels yourselves?** Yes — roll-formed on our own line in Dilovası, or on site with our mobile machine, from our PPGI, aluzinc and aluminium coil stock. ## Steel export to Saudi Arabia — ports, documents, transit time URL: https://omegasteelco.com/export/saudi-arabia/ Saudi buyers mostly source structural sections, sandwich panels for Vision-2030 logistics and cold-chain projects, galvanized coil for HVAC and PPGI for roofing. SABER registration is done per product certificate; we hold SASO type approvals for sandwich panels and galvanized pipe and issue the shipment certificate per B/L. - Ports: Dammam (King Abdulaziz Port) · Jeddah Islamic Port · Riyadh dry port - Transit: 12–16 days sea from Ambarlı/Gemlik to Dammam; 10–14 days to Jeddah - Incoterms: CIF / CFR Dammam or Jeddah; DAP Riyadh via Dammam - Documents: SASO / SABER certificate of conformity (product + shipment), attested certificate of origin, commercial invoice, packing list, B/L; EN 10204 3.1 - Payment: L/C at sight or 30/70 TT; SAR quotes converted at the daily rate - Customs duty 5–15% depending on HS code; 15% VAT on import - Container: 40' HC standard; breakbulk for beams over 12 m via Jeddah ## Steel export to United Arab Emirates — ports, documents, transit time URL: https://omegasteelco.com/export/uae/ The UAE re-exports a large share of imported steel to Oman, East Africa and Iraq, so buyers in Jebel Ali Free Zone ask for mixed containers and neutral packing. Sandwich panels and pre-painted sheet for Sharjah/Ajman industrial areas, hollow sections and galvanized pipe for contractors, stainless for Dubai fit-out. - Ports: Jebel Ali · Khalifa Port (Abu Dhabi) · Sharjah (Khalid Port) - Transit: 14–18 days sea to Jebel Ali - Incoterms: CIF / CFR Jebel Ali; DAP Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Abu Dhabi - Documents: ECAS / QCC (Abu Dhabi) where applicable, certificate of origin, commercial invoice, packing list, B/L; EN 10204 3.1; Dubai Municipality approval for panels on request - Payment: TT or L/C; USD or AED - Customs duty 5% (0% into free zones); 5% VAT - Groupage available from Dilovası for LCL to Jebel Ali ## Steel export to Iraq — ports, documents, transit time URL: https://omegasteelco.com/export/iraq/ Iraq is our largest truck market: hollow sections, H beams, galvanized pipe, sandwich panels and trapezoidal sheet for reconstruction and oil-field camps move weekly through Habur. Trucks load in Dilovası on Monday and clear Habur on Wednesday or Thursday. - Ports: Umm Qasr (Basra) · Habur / Ibrahim Khalil border (truck) · Erbil - Transit: 4–6 days by truck via Habur to Erbil, Mosul, Baghdad; 18–22 days sea to Umm Qasr - Incoterms: DAP Erbil / Baghdad by truck; CIF Umm Qasr - Documents: COC (certificate of conformity) by an approved inspection body for most steel HS codes, certificate of origin, commercial invoice, packing list; Kurdistan Region: separate customs clearance at Habur - Payment: TT in advance or against copy documents; USD - 22–24 t per truck; mixed loads accepted - Pre-shipment inspection arranged in Dilovası ## Steel export to Kazakhstan — ports, documents, transit time URL: https://omegasteelco.com/export/kazakhstan/ Kazakh buyers compare against Russian and Chinese mills; the case for Turkish supply is lead time via the Middle Corridor, EN-standard documentation accepted by EPC contractors, and no sanctions exposure. Sandwich panels for warehouses in Almaty and Astana, galvanized coil and PPGI for roofing, hollow sections for light steel buildings. - Ports: Aktau (Caspian) · Almaty and Astana by rail/truck · Khorgos - Transit: 18–25 days: truck to Baku, ferry Alat–Aktau, then rail/truck; or 25–30 days rail via Georgia - Incoterms: DAP Aktau / Almaty / Astana; FCA Dilovası for the buyer's forwarder - Documents: EAC declaration or certificate (TR CU 010 / TR EAEU), certificate of origin (for CIS tariff), commercial invoice, packing list, CMR / rail waybill; GOST / ST RK equivalents stated on documents - Payment: TT; USD or EUR - EAEU import duty per HS code; 12% VAT - Russian-language documents and RU product pages available ## Steel export to Romania — ports, documents, transit time URL: https://omegasteelco.com/export/romania/ Romania is the gateway to the EU market for truck deliveries: A.TR movement certificates mean no customs duty on industrial steel products. Sandwich panels and purlins for logistics parks, galvanized and pre-painted coil for roof-sheet processors, hollow sections for agriculture. - Ports: Constanța · Bucharest / Giurgiu by truck · Giurgiulești (Moldova) - Transit: 3–4 days by truck via Bulgaria; 5–7 days sea to Constanța - Incoterms: DAP any Romanian city; FCA Dilovası - Documents: CE marking (EN 14509 panels, EN 1090 for structural sections where required), EN 10204 3.1, A.TR movement certificate under the EU–Turkey Customs Union, commercial invoice, packing list, CMR - Payment: TT, EUR; 30/70 or open account for repeat buyers - A.TR: 0% duty; 19% VAT on import (or deferred) - Weekly groupage truck Dilovası → Bucharest ## Steel export to Germany — ports, documents, transit time URL: https://omegasteelco.com/export/germany/ German buyers want mill certificates with every bundle, tight tolerances and a supplier who answers in German. Our London office handles EU contracts and EUR invoicing; product pages are available in German. Typical: hollow sections and galvanized pipe from our own mill, sandwich panels for logistics halls, corten for façades. - Ports: Hamburg · Bremerhaven · Duisburg (rail/river) · any city by truck - Transit: 5–7 days by truck; 12–14 days sea to Hamburg - Incoterms: DAP any German address; FCA Dilovası - Documents: CE marking and DoP (EN 14509, EN 1090 where applicable), EN 10204 3.1 / 3.2, A.TR movement certificate, commercial invoice, packing list, CMR; REACH / RoHS statements on request - Payment: TT, EUR; open account after credit check - A.TR: 0% duty; import VAT deferred for registered importers - EU steel safeguard quota monitored per product category ## Steel export to Nigeria — ports, documents, transit time URL: https://omegasteelco.com/export/nigeria/ West African buyers source roofing (PPGI, aluzinc, trapezoidal sheet), galvanized pipe and hollow sections, checkered plate and angles. SONCAP is compulsory for steel products: we hold product certificates and arrange the shipment certificate with the inspection body before loading. Neutral packing and container seals for onward sale in Ghana, Benin and Togo. - Ports: Lagos (Apapa · Tin Can Island) · Onne (Port Harcourt) - Transit: 22–28 days sea to Lagos - Incoterms: CIF / CFR Lagos Apapa or Tin Can; CFR Onne - Documents: SONCAP certificate (product certificate + SC per shipment), Form M, PAAR, certificate of origin, commercial invoice, packing list, B/L; EN 10204 3.1 - Payment: confirmed L/C at sight or TT in advance; USD - Duty 5–20% plus levies per HS code; Form M opened before shipment - Container: 20' and 40' HC; overweight limits enforced at Apapa ## Laser cutting, plasma cutting, slitting and cut-to-length — our own machine park in Dilovası URL: https://omegasteelco.com/services/cutting-slitting/ Cutting is a paid service on top of the material price and is done on our own machines in the Dilovası plant, so a container can leave with coils, blanks and finished parts from the same order. Send a DXF or a cutting list; we return a priced nesting within one working day. ### Service pages Each process has its own page with machine capacity, tolerances and pricing: fibre laser cutting, CNC plasma cutting, press-brake bending, tube laser cutting, 3D laser cutting, coil slitting, cut-to-length, CNC punching and drilling, welding and fabrication, catwalk fabrication, car-park guardrails and galvanizing and powder coating. ### Fibre laser cutting Fibre laser up to 25 mm carbon steel, 20 mm stainless, 15 mm aluminium, bed 6 000 × 2 000 mm (larger on request). Tolerance ±0.1 mm, oxide-free nitrogen cut on stainless and galvanized. Typical parts: brackets, gussets, base plates, flanges, perforated panels to drawing. ### Plasma cutting HD plasma up to 80 mm on a 12 000 × 3 000 mm table for heavy plate: machine bases, crane parts, shipbuilding pieces. Bevel cutting for weld prep on request. ### Slitting Slitting lines for 0.30–6.00 mm coil, widths from 20 mm, coil weight up to 25 t. Galvanized, pre-painted, cold-rolled and hot-rolled pickled strip for tube mills, roll-formers and stampers. Slit coils are packed eye-to-sky or eye-to-wall on pallets for container shipping. ### Cut-to-length and blanks CTL lines for 0.40–12 mm: flat sheets and blanks up to 6 000 mm long with levelling; stacked, strapped and wrapped per customer length list. Sheet sizes 1 000 / 1 250 / 1 500 × 2 000 / 2 500 / 3 000 / 6 000 mm from stock. ### Pricing and lead time Cutting is charged per running metre (laser/plasma) or per ton (slitting/CTL) on top of the material list price; the offer states both lines. Lead time 3–7 working days after drawing approval, added to the material lead time only when the material is not in stock. ## Shot blasting to Sa 2½ and shop-primer coating URL: https://omegasteelco.com/services/shot-blasting-priming/ Plate, beams and hollow sections can be blast-cleaned and primed in Dilovası so they arrive ready for fabrication — no site blasting in the Gulf heat or the Balkan winter. ### Process Automatic roller-conveyor blast machine for plate up to 3 000 mm wide and sections up to 600 mm; surface preparation to ISO 8501-1 Sa 2½, roughness 40–70 µm. Coating within the same line: zinc-ethyl-silicate or epoxy shop primer, 15–25 µm dry film, weldable. ### What it is used for Structural plate and sections for steel-building fabricators, shipyard plate, tank plate and machinery bases. Primer colour grey or red-oxide; other systems (zinc-rich epoxy 60 µm) on request. ### Pricing Charged per m² of surface (both sides for plate) on top of the material price; typical lead time 2–4 working days. ## Plate rolling, cylinders and section bending URL: https://omegasteelco.com/services/rolling-bending/ Tanks, silos, ducts and curved roof structures can be pre-formed in Dilovası and shipped as rolled shells or bent profiles, saving fabrication hours at the destination. ### Plate rolling Four-roll machine: up to 40 mm thick × 3 000 mm wide (pre-bending included), minimum diameter 1.5 × roll diameter; cones and ovals possible. Shells are tack-welded and shipped nested. ### Section bending Pipe and hollow section up to 200 mm, HEA/IPE up to 300 mm, angles and channels — bent to radius for canopies, arched hangars and handrails. Tolerances per EN 1090 EXC2. ### Pricing Per piece according to thickness, diameter and quantity; a drawing or sketch with dimensions is enough for an offer. ## Export logistics — container, breakbulk and truck from Istanbul URL: https://omegasteelco.com/services/export-logistics/ We ship from Ambarlı and Gemlik ports (sea), from Dilovası by truck (EU, Balkans, Iraq, Caucasus) and via the Baku–Aktau ferry (Central Asia). Every offer states the packing, gross weight and the documents required for the destination. ### Container loading 20' payload 21.5 t, 40' HC 26.5 t (port and destination road limits apply). Coils are loaded eye-to-sky on cradles and lashed; sheets on pallets; sections and pipes bundled and chocked. Long products over 11.8 m go on flat-racks or breakbulk. ### Breakbulk and flat-rack Beams to 18 m, pipe to 12 m bundles, plate packs to 12 m: monthly breakbulk sailings to the Gulf and West Africa; flat-racks weekly. ### Truck and rail 22–24 t per truck; weekly departures to Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia, Germany, Iraq (Habur) and Georgia/Azerbaijan; Caspian ferry Alat–Aktau for Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan; rail via Kars–Tbilisi–Baku for full block trains. ### Documents and conformity Commercial invoice, packing list, B/L or CMR, certificate of origin, A.TR (EU), EUR.1 (EFTA/UK), EN 10204 3.1 mill certificates. Market certificates handled before loading: SASO/SABER (KSA), ECAS/QCC (UAE), COC (Iraq), EAC (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan), SONCAP (Nigeria), PVoC (Kenya), CE DoP (EU). ### Insurance and payment CIF shipments insured at 110% of invoice value, ICC(A). Payment by TT, confirmed L/C at sight, or open account for EU repeat buyers via our London office. ## Fibre laser cutting — plate parts to 25 mm on our own machines URL: https://omegasteelco.com/services/laser-cutting/ Laser cutting is the service we sell most with plate: the customer sends a DXF or STEP file, we nest it on stock plate from our own racks, cut it on 12 kW fibre lasers and ship the parts with the rest of the order — no second supplier, no transport between mill and cutter, and one certificate for the material and the parts. ### Machines and capacity Two 12 kW fibre lasers with 6 000 × 2 000 mm shuttle tables (one 8 000 × 2 500 mm), automatic nozzle change and loading; 24-hour operation, about 300 t of parts a month. Cutting gases: oxygen for carbon steel above 6 mm, nitrogen for stainless, galvanized, aluminium and for oxide-free edges on thin carbon steel.